avdhesh jha

8/3/2019 Avdhesh Jha

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Development

Needs of Human Being


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Needs

Esteem

Friendship and Love, Security, and

Physical Needs.

Deficiency needs or d-needs


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Relationship

Does any order or hierarchy exists betweenthem?

What will happen if any of these needs is not

satisfied?


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Motivation Theory

If these "deficiency needs" are not met, thebody gives no physical indication but the

individual feels anxious and tense.

The most basic level of needs must be metbefore the individual strongly desires the

secondary or higher level needs.


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Physiological Needs

Physiological needs are obvious and literalrequirements for human survival.

Air, water, and food are metabolic requirements

for survival in all animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection

from the elements.

The intensity of the human sexual instinct isshaped more by sexual competition than

maintaining a birth rate adequate to survival of

the species.


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Safety Needs

With their physical needs relatively satisfied,the individual's safety needs take precedence

and dominate behavior.

Safety and Security needs include: Personalsecurity, Financial security, Health and well-

being, and Safety net against accidents or

illness and their adverse impacts


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Love and Belonging

After physiological and safety needs arefulfilled, the third layer of human needs are

social and involve feelings of belongingness.

Maintain emotionally significant relationshipsin general, such as: Friendship, Intimacy, and

Family


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Esteem

Esteem presents the normal human desire tobe accepted and valued by others.

People need to engage themselves to gainrecognition and have an activity or activities

that give the person a sense of contribution,

to feel self-valued, be it in a profession or

hobby.


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Self-Actualization

What a man can be, he must be. This forms the basis of the perceived need for

self-actualization.

This level of need pertains to what a person's fullpotential is and realizing that potential. E.g. To become an ideal parent, athletic,

entrepreneur or others

In order to reach a clear understanding of thislevel of need one must first not only achieve theprevious needs, physiological, safety, love, andesteem, but master these needs.


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Criticism

Individualistic

Collectivist


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What would happen ?

Asking Volunteers to throw rings over pegswhereby no distance was stipulated


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What would happen ?

Parents asking their child to do that activity inwhich he is disinterested


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What would happen ?

Moving through an unknown path towards agoal


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Achievement-Motivation

Could we relate achievement withmotivation?


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Characteristic

Achievement-Motivated individuals set goalswhich they can influence with their effort andability, and as such the goal is considered to

be achievable.


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Achievement Motivation

David McClelland describes three types ofmotivational need, which he identified in his

1961 book, The Achieving Society

Achievement motivation (n-ach),

Authority/power motivation (n-pow), and

Affiliation motivation (n-affil).


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The need for achievement (n-ach)

Achievement Motivated

Seeks Achievement

Attainment of realistic but challenging goals

Advancement in the job.

Need for feedback for achievement and progress.

Characterized by the wish to take responsibility

for finding solutions to problems, master-complex tasks, set goals, get feedback on level of

success.


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The need for Authority and Power (n-pow)

Authority Motivated

Need to be influential, effective and to make animpact.

Strong need to lead and for their ideas to prevail. Motivation and need towards increasing personal

status and prestige.

Characterized by a drive to control and influenceothers, a need to win arguments, a need topersuade and prevail.


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The need for Affiliation (n-affil)

Affiliation Motivated

Need for friendly relationships, liked and held in

popular regard. Motivated towards interaction with other people.

Team players.

Characterized by a desire to belong, an enjoyment

of teamwork, a concern about interpersonalrelationships, and a need reduce uncertainty.


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High Achievement Motivation

Most people possess and exhibit a combination ofthese characteristics.

A strong n-affil undermines a manager's objectivity,because of their need to be liked, and that this affects a

manager's decision-making capability.

A strong n-pow produces a determined work ethic andcommitment to the organisation, but lags the requiredflexibility and people-centred skills.

A strong n-ach people are the best leaders, althoughthere can be a tendency to demand too much which of

course most people are not.


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Characteristics of Achievement-Motivated People

achievement is more important than material orfinancial reward.

achieving the aim or task gives greater personalsatisfaction than receiving praise or recognition.

financial reward is regarded as a measurement ofsuccess, not an end in itself.

security is not prime motivator, nor is status.

feedback is essential, because it enablesmeasurement of success, not for reasons ofpraise or recognition


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Characteristics of Achievement-Motivated People

achievement-motivated people constantlyseek improvements and ways of doing things

better.

achievement-motivated people will logicallyfavour jobs and responsibilities that naturallysatisfy their needs, ie offer flexibility and

opportunity to set and achieve goals, eg.,

sales and business management, andentrepreneurial roles.


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Source of Motivation

Failure Fear Success

Support Interest Attitude Ability

Confidence Boosted Morale


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Achievement Motivation

Questions

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