aux sources de la révolution républicaine (1962-1970) au · pdf fileaux sources...

37
HAL Id: halshs-00142172 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00142172 Submitted on 17 Apr 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Aux sources de la révolution républicaine (1962-1970) au Yémen François Burgat, Marie Camberlin To cite this version: François Burgat, Marie Camberlin. Aux sources de la révolution républicaine (1962-1970) au Yémen. Abdallah Hammoudi- Rémy Leveau Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Institut des Etudes Transrégionales, Université de Princeton. Les monarchies arabes: transitions et dérives dynastiques, La Documentation Française, pp.121,140, 2002. <halshs-00142172>

Upload: builiem

Post on 06-Feb-2018

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

HAL Id: halshs-00142172https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00142172

Submitted on 17 Apr 2007

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,émanant des établissements d’enseignement et derecherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoirespublics ou privés.

Aux sources de la révolution républicaine (1962-1970) auYémen

François Burgat, Marie Camberlin

To cite this version:François Burgat, Marie Camberlin. Aux sources de la révolution républicaine (1962-1970) au Yémen.Abdallah Hammoudi- Rémy Leveau Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Institut des EtudesTransrégionales, Université de Princeton. Les monarchies arabes : transitions et dérives dynastiques,La Documentation Française, pp.121,140, 2002. <halshs-00142172>

François BURGAT et Marie CAMBERLIN

Centre français d’archéologie et de sciences sociales de Sanaa (CEFAS),

������������ ������������������������ �!�#"$���&%'��('�)�� ����*"+�-,/.10�243657.10�8�9;:����< �;=>�;"

?A@CB�DFEHGJILK)MONJPQ@RB�I�K�ITSU@CBCVWYX�ZY[]\^[C_`[badc!eUX�fJeU\OZhg&ijZk�iUlReU[�\nm`X�ZoWHXp[*i�c�X�eq[�\nm`X�e lQijZrVWHX�Z![�\s[t_&[#g&ijZu+[C_pgpiLZdvwcYeqX�Zxc!yUz1\nm`X�e7lOiLZxV1{|Xp\~}&iLcHZx\n[)y�g&iw�oc�\sX��JiU[)m`X�V��oe

� mp�7_`��iqXp[)eU[]\�m`X�a#c!eUX�f�eq\OZxiJV��oeJc�\OZxV1������V1�p��� � � �L�x�T� �

k�yjZY_&��y��F��m`����iUXp[�lQe���cYiq��\n��cYi�c!yU�p_&�`l�\Q��_�i�g`i�lQe���yUXp\sX�Z)_�lQi��+c!eU�p\n��_�iijZ![ � i lnlQi�X�yLiA� �om�_;cx��_;m`\4_&X�iA��m`X�e�cY�q¡p\ni��pls_�ZF��_;i¢��\~l�lQyqX�eU\ncYi�iLZY[ � i lslRi�V�lQi��p£ZriU�p[)iq����cYi ��¤ £L�V'iqXp[Yc!y�i�g&eUX�Z¥_`X�i��p¡�eLZxi¦g`i��Jm`X`}1_l�Z!\�m`X�Z§��_;\Fgpi }&eq\^[*V�¨lQ©se _&��iªg&ijZ«eUXpX�y�iLZ �T¤1¬ �1V#��m`X�g1_&\OcYi�¨§Zrm`X�ij­!­)eq��iq��iUXp['e7lOmpcxZA��_;©s¨ª��_�i7lC��_;i�Z��iqXp[)eU\sX�iLZ�gpi¯®\~lQm`���U[)cxiLZ��`l�_�Z¦e7_°X�mpc!g`V�g&eUX�Z±lQ©Q�+cYeq�p\ni�gpijZ³²�eL´¶µpg·iq[§lQe¸ mpc!g`eqXp\�i�g¹_-cYm`\#ºª_�Zre »LX�V#m�_-iUX��JmpcYiJVd¨���_piUlQ�1_piLZ���\~lnl�\niLcxZAg&i¼®\~lOm`���q[)cxijZ«¨lQ©sm�_piLZY[*Vªg`eqX�Z�lOi½cYm�»je _&��i¾g`©~º�eLZxeqX¿WÀW�g�_ÂÁ¦e�c!mp��VÃlQ©sejZÀZx\OZriÄZrmp�U\neUlQi¾gpi�ZcYm�»je ln\OZY[*i�Zhc!yjZx\OZ![)eU\s[#¨'[)m�_&[)ijZ#lQijZ[)iUXp[)eq[�\nm`X�Zhc!yU�`_;�`l�\n�JeU\sX�ijZ��

����Z![)c!e��U[�pº�m1Å·Å�eLZ'��mpc�X¦[�¡�iª­�\ncHZ![�k�iU�`_&�`lO\n�ªm�­�[�¡�iÆ��cYeU�p\neqX���iUXp\sX�Z)_lOe��Ç ¡`» g�\ng e ��m`X�e�cY�q¡`» ��mpc!i [�¡�eqX [�¡�m�_�ZÀeUX�g � »ji�eJc � m�lQg`VÈiUXp[)iLc!i�g&VÉm`X²iU�p[)iq����i�c��&£TV �1¤ £L�V�e��p¡�eLZxi|m�­o��m`X`}_ltZr\�m`X�ZoÅ¢¡p\n�U¡³VpeU[Ê[]¡�i¢g&e/Å¢X³m�­Ê[�¡6i»TiJe�cxZ �1¤1¬ �1V1lOiJe�gª[)m�\s[YZ�eq��m�l�\s[)\nm`XªÅ|¡�i�c!i�ejZ e¢­)i/Å°¡`_&X�g&cYi�gª®�\^lQm`��iU[)cxiLZh��mpcxi\sXÈ[�¡�i±X�mpc�[]¡�V \sXË�+c!eU�p\ne�mpc�\sX ¸ m�cYg`eqX�V>[�¡�i�Zxmp�q\ne l���ejZri�m�­«[�¡�i�cYm�»Te7ln\tZ![YZcYiLZY\CZY[*i�gªe7lslpc!iU�p_&�`l�\Q��eqX�[)iU���p[)eq[�\nm`X�Z/�

��m`����iqXp[blQe���c!iU��\n��c!i¢c!yU�`_&�`lO\n�¹_;iAg&i«lQe���yUXp\sX�Z)_lOiÃ�wc!eU�p\Q��_;i|ijZ![ � iUlslOi�X�yLiA��om�_;cY�¹_;m`\h_&X�i±��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\Oi��`l^_�Z���_�i���\ lnlQyUX�eU\ncxi�iLZY[ � iUlslQi�VÊlCi��`£�ZÀiU�p[*iU����cxi��¤ £ �V�iqXp[)cxy�i�g&eUX�Zª_&X�i��p¡�ejZri�g`i��Jm`X`}1_lCZY\nmpX�Z���_`\«g`iU}&eq\s[)V�¨�lQ©se _&��i�g`iLZeUXpX�yJijZ ��¤1¬ �1Vh��m`X�g1_`\QcYi�¨³Zrm`XÈiL­Y­)eJ��iq��iUXp[Ae7lnmpcHZ ��_;©s¨±��_�i7lC��_;i�Z ��iUXp[*eU\sX�i�Zg`i�®�\^lQm`���U[)c!i�Zh�`l�_�Z�e7_�X�mpcxg&V`g`eqX�ZÊlQ©Q�+cYeU�p\niAg&i�Z�²eL´ µ;g�iq[blQe ¸ mpc!g`eUXp\niAg�_�c!m`\º¼_�Zre » X�Vdm�_ iUX��Jmpcxi�V#¨ª�1_pi7lC�1_piLZ���\~lslO\niLcHZ«gpi¼®\~lQm`���U[)c!i�ZA¨�lO©sm`_;ijZ![)V#g`eUX�ZFlCicYm�»je _&��i�g`©~º�eLZxeqX�WÀW�g¹_�Á¦eJcYmp��VdlQ©sejZÀZ!\RZHi±Zxmp��\Qe lQi�g`iLZ�c!m�»Te7lO\OZY[*i�Z|cxyjZ!\tZ![)eU\s[F¨[)m�_&[)iLZdlQijZ[)iqXp[)eU[�\nm`X�ZocYyq�4_&�`ln\n��eU\sX�i�Z��{|X�i�g`m�_&�`lQi�¡`» ��m`[�¡��jZri�g`\ne7lOiJ�U[)\n�¹_;i Zrm`_�Z � [)iUX6g lQiLZ�yUlQyU��iqXp[YZÆgpi�cYyq��m`X�ZÀi��cYm`��m�ZryjZFg&eUX�Z�lQijZ'��e7ziLZF�¹_&\ÊZY_&\~};iUXp[Y�&�he���m`X�eJcY�U¡p\ni�º�eq� � g�e7l �*� � X��OV�X�y�ig`i¿lQe cYiLZY[*e _;cYeq[�\nm`X�Vɨ¿lQe ­�\sX g1_ �T¤�� ZY\n�J� lQi ��eJcÄlQ©~\^��eq� e l � Á¦eUX�Z)µ�cÁ�_&¡�eU����e�g��|eU¡`»�§ºÆeU� � g¯e7l �*� � X�Q�¹_&\h��cYiqX�g�lQi§��m�_}&m`\Qc¢iqX � �1¤ �����HVhg`ilQ©~\^��eq��eU[��Le7»Tg�\s[)i eUlOmpcxZFiUX��`lQi�\sX�i�gpy��Jm`����m�ZY\s[�\Qm`X��YV�Zx©sijZ![�cxiU�`ln\nyLi�Vp�p\niUX¦�`l^_6Z[��`[ ��_;i¿ZÀijZ½¡�m`��m�lQm�zT_pi�ZËeJcYeU��iLZ·Zxm�_&��\RZri�Z·¨ lQe ��c!yjZriUX��Ji �Jm;lQm`Xp\ne lQimp���q\ng`iUXp[*e lQi�V�Z)_�c�_&X���cYm`[)iJ�U[�\nm`XpXp\OZ!��i±�Lc)\RZ!��yj�u'X ��¤��� Vhe _�lQiUX�g&iU��eq\^X g`iZrm`X¯Z)_p�J�L�jZAZY_;c���lQ©siUX`}&eq¡p\OZ/ZriU_�c�[t_4cY���JV4lQi�[)\^[C_`lQeU\ncYi¥g�_�[!c��`X�i��|eq¡`»���º�eq� � ge l ��� � X ��_;\ Z)_p�L�J��gpi ¨ Zrm`X ���JcYi lQ©~\s��eU� e l � Á�eqX�Z�µ;c iqX �1¤ � � V e��eUXp\O­*ijZ![)iU��iqXp[���e loeU�p��c!y���\ny¼lQe¼��mpc)[)y�i�iq[wlQ© _pXp\~}&iJcHZreUln\^[*y�g`i¼lQeªg1»LX�eU��\n�1_�ig`i���mpg&i�c)Xp\RZreU[]\�m`X��T�oe�cY�JiA�¹_;©si lslCiAyq[)eU\s[�}&yq¡p\O� _&lQyLi���e�cdlQi���m`X�g`iAi �1[)y�c)\niU_pc!V�\sllQ©se�[)c!m`�±}\s[)i|ejZÀZY\s��\~lQy�i|e _!�±ZriU_lCZ"�wi#�¹����Z#l�\s��iJc�[!eU\ncYiLZ$�|g&ijZ ¸ i _&X�ijZhv�_�c!�jZÀ�1��¨m&% lQiLZ���i _&�`lQi�Z���m�lQm`Xp\OZryjZ�­*eU\OZxeq\OiqXp[³_&X�iÉlQi���[C_pc!i$�`l�_�Z�eq���p\ }�e lQiUXp[)i¾g&i�Z\sX�­tls_;iUX��Ji�Z¦yU[!cYeqX`z�JcYi�Z¦iU[�g`i�lQe X�eq[t_;cxiÈg`ijZ¦[)iJ�U¡pX�m�lQm�z1\niLZ���m�l�\s[)\n�¹_;ijZ-m`_��eU[*y�c�\ni7l�lQijZF�1_p©si7l^lRijZ�}pyq¡p\n�U_�lQeq\�iqXp[)V'�¢eq¡`»��¢X�iA}pm�_ls_&[ }�m`\�c'��_�iAlOiªZ!��i��q[Yc!i�gpilQe�g&m`��\^X�eq[�\nm`X�g`m`Xp[�\~l&}&iUX�eq\^[bgpi�Zr©^eL­Y­*cYeUX��q¡p\ncH���ompcxZx�1_pi+lQi)(nm�_�c)X�e ln\OZY[*i¢Z�»�c)\�i�X* e+��\s¡ Á³_;©se »J»L\Qg e7l � ´^����� ��m�Zri iUX ��¤ �`£ e7_ ��\sXp\RZ![!cYi g`i�Z �+­Y­*eU\Oc!i�ZyU[*cYeUX`z¹��c!i�ZFg`i¢lQ©sWH��eq� lQe¥�¹_;ijZ![)\�m`X-g`iªZre }&m`\nc+��m�_;c!�¹_;m`\�lQi�ZFcYm�_&[!ijZ'X�iªZrm`X�[��ejZzm�_;g`c!m`XpX�y�iLZxV&�Li l�_&\ � ��\�ln_`\�c!yU��m`X�g�� �À�heJcY�Ji¢��_�i+lQ©si#����y�cY\niUX��Ji¢�1_p©sm`Xp[�lQi�Z�|yU��yqXp\^[*i�Z�g`iLZ�c!m;_&[)iLZxV���©si�Z![���_;©^iUlslQijZÈZriLc*}&i�Xp[�Z)_;c�[)m`_&[�¨¾�Jm`X`}&m�»TiLc�lRi�Z[)c!m�_`��iLZ�g`i�Z iUX`}&eq¡p\RZÀZÀi7_�cHZ,�+-À�¢�oe$��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\niÉ»Tyq��yUXp\s[)i¾i�Z![ ZreUX�Z g`m�_&[)ig`yJ��yJg`yLi¾g`i Zr©/.U[)c!iÉlQeUX���yLi¾g&eUX�Z�_&X ��m`����eq[�\~l^ls_�Zrm4\ncYiA����m`\sX�Z��Ji ls_p\Æg`icYyLZY\CZY[*i�cʨ�_&X�i�m`�p��m�Z!\^[]\�m`X���m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;iF�¹_;i��JiUl^_&\;g`i�­*cYiq\^X�iLc!V�}&m`\ncÊg`©~\sXp[)iJcYg`\ncxiwlQe��m`Xp[)yJi¯g&i-lQe���e�cYyJi ��mpg&i�c)Xp\RZreU[*cY\��Ji¯�1_&\�zeUz�X�eU\s[�m�_Ëe7}&eU\s[Æe lQmpcHZ�z¹e z�X�y\ncYcxyLZY\OZ![�\s�`lQiU��iqXp[�lQi±cxiLZY[)i�g¹_���m`X�g`i�e�c!eU��iL�10ªXÈc!yjZ!\OZY[!i�¨Æ_&X���m�_&}&iU��iqX�[

�32547698 :5;=<?>A@B;=C1<�DFE�GHC�I�CJ4LK'MONLEB;=K/PQ;SR COT�E�U#:WVBX�Y�Z[I�I�COM�GHEOI�ZF4LEB;=Y�ULPQC�\]I1^LK/E`_�EBabaFP GHPcK/CedWfhg]4>AEBPcK/XSYBC�K�K/CiEJN NLCJGcGHE�K�PcZF4j4+8kCW69K�R CJl C�4#^LCiZ+>=>/PQY�PQC�GkGHChmF^LC�GHC7n)op^ Pk4rq?s?t+u?X]R E�K�CiM�GHE�mF^LCvGcGwCxGw8kPkI�EJIy U#I�E�ROGH8kE,>�E�PQK/C�EBR ZFNLK�C�; NLZF^+;z;=CJ4LR ;=C{ULZ[I�I�EJD|C�MeGcE�K/PQKH^FGwEBKQ^L;=C�R C$69ZF41NL@B;=C�XFEJGw}�~h^LK/E`_�E�aFa�PkGL� E�GcVy GQGwEJULXbm�^LP�l CJ4LE�PcK�R#8k��K/;=C{EW6969EW6`6=Pp4L<�f���^LPc}�I���I�C�R C?6�YBCJ4LR EJ4LKSR C1GH8kPkI�EJI�E�GH}/~iEJ4�63�L;��OVW69PkI�mF^ P�E�l E�PQKSY�ZF4+K/;=Pk� ^+<�M1I�CBK/K/;=C�>APk4�M"GwENL;=CJI�Pc@B;=C�Z YBYJ^ NLEBK/PcZF4�Z#K�K/Z[I�E�4LC�f��� >�4+Z K/EJI1I�C�4LK+~�^LK/EJULE�;=X�q?s�t|n#f� y Gw}=� y,� I�XLq?s[u�����N�f q�nb�#f

��m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i�g`©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X�V�m`X X�i�cYyjZ!\OZY[*i³��eLZxV'Zxi7lOm`XÈlQ© ¡�i7_;cYiU_�Zxi�­*mpc���_�lQi�gpi�oiU\~z�¡ � m�_�zTlQejZrV¨w_&X�ix��[)iUX�g&eUX��Jiwz¹yUX�y�c!e lQi�g&i+lQ© ¡p\OZ![)m`\ncYi����H���i¥��cYiU��\ni�cAe �iªg&i¼lOiJ�U[�_;cxiªg&m`\^['[)m�_&[)iL­)m`\OZ�.q[Ycxi¥��eUXp\nyªe7}&iL�¼��c�_;g&iUX��Lij�p�oe}\n�U[*m`\OcYi�c!yU�`_&�`lO\n��eq\sX�i�eU�p��eJcYe � [)V�e }�i��±lQi�c!i��U_lQV���m`����i�­)cYe7z1\slQi�iU[ cYiUlQeU[]\ }�i��� i�c!cY\n��cxi�lOe�c�¡�yq[)mpc�\Q��_�i�cYyU}&m�ls_&[)\�m`XpX�eq\ncYi�g`ijZ�}&eU\sX���_�i7_�cxZxV+lQe��U¡`_&[)i�g`i lQe��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni�V�lQi��&£�ZÀiU�p[*iU����cYi �T¤ £T�V�X�©^eq�p��e�c!e � [���eLZ¼}�cYeU\s��iqXp[¥��m`����i�lCi��cYmpg1_&\^[ \^X�yUls_4�U[)eq�`lOi¦g`© _&X�i���mpgpiJc�Xp\OZxeq[�\nm`X½iUX½��cYm�­*m`X�g`i _;c�g`i�lQe Zrmp�U\nyU[!yJV��_&\`e7_�c!eU\s[ÊZreU��ywlQiLZheq�p�`_`\OZog`©~_`X�Z)»1Z![)�q��i�gpi }�iUXp_�eJcY�q¡�e��Q�¹_;ij�Tu�lslCiFcYijZ Zxiq���`lCi[)m�_&[ e7_&[)eUXp[ e _ Z)_p�J�L�jZrV ��ejZ X�y��JijZÀZxeq\Ocxiq��iUXp[ ��\ng`yJm�lOm�z�\O��_4i�� iU[��iJc�[)eq\sX�iU��iUXp[���ejZ�\ncxc!yjZx\OZ![�\s�`lCi�VFg`© _&X�i ��[)c)\^�p_ÆcxyU�`_&�`ln\n��eU\sX�i���V¢Zrm�_&[)iUXp_;i�eU_g`iq��i _4cYeUXp[ g`i ��eUXp\n��cxi g`yJ��\OZY\s}&i ��eJc lQ©ny�[)cYeqX`ziJcYV Z)_�c _&X Z)»1Z![!�U��i��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\n��_;i¯�Ji�c�[!iLZ�ej­!­)eU\s�`ln\���eJc±ZxiLZ�iLcYcxi7_�cxZ±��eq\OZ�iUX��JmpcYi��p\niUX¾lQm`\^XËgpiZr©�.q[)cYi�iL­Y­*m`X�g`cYyL���oeªk'yq�`_`�`ln\Q��_4i±­t_&[FiUXÈ­)eq\^[�lQi�­)c*_&\s[Fg`© _&X¯�`_&[xZr�U¡���\ ln\s[)e�\ncxie _&[)eqXp[¦��_4iÉlQ©^eq��m�_&[�\OZ7Zxiq��iUXp[-g`© _&X };y�cY\s[)eq�`lQi ��c!mp��ijZÀZY_�Z�cYy7}&m;ls_&[�\nm`XpX�eU\ncxiL�Á¦e lsz¹cxywlQ©~\^����mpc)[)eUX��Ji�c!iU��eLcY�1_;eU�`lQi�g&ijZoe��L��_p\OZ\�Xp[)i7l^lQiJ�U[�_;iUltZog¹_���m`_}&iU��iqX�[cYyL­)mpc)��\RZ![!i�V1lOi|��m`X�­]\sX�iU��iUXp[og`i�lQeAcYyU}&m�ln_`[]\�m`X�gpijZ i�ZY��c)\^[!Z�¨+_&X6i���\sX��LiAyUl�\s[!iy��7lQeU\ncxy�i¦i#�1�`ln\n�¹_;i��1_;i³lQe�k�yq�4_&�`ln\O��_�i�X�©se�g`i�[)m�_&[)i�yU}\ng`iUX��Li���eLZ�eU��iUX6yg`eqX�Z�ZrijZ���e z¹e z¹ijZ�lQe¢��mpg`iJc�Xp\s[!y¢��m�ln\s[�\O��_�iL���oeª­)c!e z�\~l�\s[)y¥g&iÆZre�}\n�q[)m4\nc!i�V�iq[ÊlCi­)eq\s[���_;i���iUX�g`eqXp[±�`ls_6ZY\niU_;c/Z¦eUXpX�yJijZ�Zre Z)_�c�}&\Oi�X�iÈg`yU��iqX�g`c!eÉ�1_;iÉg&© _&X�iiUX`}�eU¡p\OZ/ZreUXp[*i³[C_`[*iUl^lQi¦yU[)c!eUX`z¹�LcYi�VhlOeq\OZ7Zxi�iqXp[)cxi };m`\nc¢lOe±lQm`X`zT_�i _4c¥g`i±lQe�cYm�_&[!i��_;i�g`i7}pc!e§��eJcY�Jm�_pcY\nc�lCi�cYyUz�\s��i§X�y�iqX ��¤ £T�-e }&eqXp[Ag`i���m�_}&m`\ncÃZr©seU�p�`_»�iLcZ)_pcd_&X�iF� _`ln[t_4cYi'��m`�`_�lQeq\�c!i�iqX�Z�» ����\nm�Zri�e }�i��wlRi�Zheq���p\s[�\nm`X�Zhg&i�ZrijZoyUX�m`X���yLZcYyq�`_&�`lO\n��eq\^X�ZÀ�TuAZY[ � \~lpg&m`X��w};cYeq\&�¹_;i�Vg`eqX�ZdlQiLZ�cYi��`ln\OZÊ��m`Xp[*e z�X�i _!�¥g¹_ �|yU��iUXg¹_ * mpcYg&V ���hiJcHZrm`XpX�i�X�iA��m`����eq[�[�\s[�lOi�[C»TcYeqX�V4Z!\p�Ji�X�©^iLZY[�lQi�[t»jcYeUX�ls_&\ � �r.U��iJViU[�lOi'[)iU����ZÀ�s�s�+��� �

�� ZF^#DbGcE?6�X+q�s#uWn�X�N�f�[��s#f�� ^ �LEJ:?;��cXLq?s[u���X�N�f n#f

1. UN POUVOIR NATIONALISTE, RELIGIEUX ET « ISOLE »

.��O.����¥�������Y ��+�b� �b=>�Y�����h���¦��(��;�+��������=>�;���L����w��

�oi �`ls_�Z·y7}\ngpiUXp[ g`ijZ½��eJc�[�\n�U_lQe�cY\OZY��i�ZËg&i lRe Zri _lQi¿cYyq�`_&�`lO\n�¹_;iÂg`i lQe��yUXp\sX�Z)_lOi �+c!eU�p\n�¹_;i·cYyLZY_l�[!i°e7}&eUXp[�[*m�_`[�g¹_ g`m�_&�`lQi>g1_;e lO\OZ!��i·g`i Zxm`X¡p\OZY[*m`\�c!i¢iq[hg&iÃZre+zyJm�zc!eU�p¡p\niA�p¡`»1Z!\O��_�iL���oe¢�Jm�_p�`_;cYi���m�lQ\s[�\O��_;i¢iqXp[)cxiA²¹_;g�iU[* mpcYg X�©se �Ji�c)[)ijZ���ejZ i#�1\OZ![)y½gpi [)m�_&[¦[Yiq����Z/��� iU��iUX�g&eUXp[)V¼lQe°­)c!m`Xp[�\n��cxiX�eU[C_pc!i lslCi iUXp[)c!i lRijZ¦¡�e _&[YZ¦�`lOeq[)i�e7_!�·g�_ * mpcYg`V¥g\R­!­�\n�U\~lRijZ-g`©se��J���jZrV¥iU[±lRi�Z�`lQeU\sX�ijZ �+�`[�\n�Lc!ijZrV§�`ln_�ZÈX�eq[t_;cYiUlslQiU��iUXp[�m�_}&iLcY[)iLZÈe7_]� \sX�­Cl�_;iUX��Ji�ZÈiU[�eU_!�y��q¡�eUX`z¹ijZËe }�i�� lO©si �1[)yLc�\niU_;c��½e [)m�_!(nm�_;c/ZËi _ g`ijZËc!yU��iLcY�U_�ZÀZx\nm`X�Z·Z�_4c lQez¹y�m�z¹cYeU�p¡p\ni>Zrmp��\ne lQij����_ * mpc!g`VªlCi �Le7»Tg�\CZY��i�V�g`mp�q[)c�\sX�i·g�_ ��m�_�}�m`\OcYV�ey z¹e lQiq��iUXp[A�Jm`X�ZY[]\^[�_;yª_`X ­)e��q[)iU_;c¢g&i±g`\O­!­)y�c!iUX���\neU[]\�m`X e }&iJ�ÆlQijZ|��m`�`_lQeU[�\nm`X#Z�U¡�eL­)yq\^[*ijZog¹_Ʋ�_pg�iU[#g�_j�5�|yU��iUX���m�»jiUXj���;lQy7z�Lc!iU��iUXp[6�`l^_�ZX�m`����cYi7_�ZrijZ��)�

�oi��5�|yU��iUXj������X�©seA��ejZ'�Jm`X`X`_³g`i¢��mpg&i�c)Xp\RZreU[]\Om`X���c*_&[)e7lOi cYyjZ!_�ln[)eqXp[g`© _&X�i¿mp�J�U_`��eq[�\nm`X yU[)c!eUX`z¹��cYiL��vwm�_&[½eU_ �`ls_6Z·e � [ � \~l¾Z)_&�p\¯_&X�i¿g`m`_&�`lCi��cYyLZxiqX���i|m`[�[)m`��eqX�i�Vpg`i �����`¤ ¨ � £ ����� £Ãg`©seU��mpcxg&Vpg`i � �1¬ �ƨ ��¤&� � iUX�ZY_&\s[)i����eU\OZ¦ZxeqX�Z¦��_4i��Li lslRi � �U\ªZrm`\s[�c!iUlQe »TyJiÈe _ g&yU�6e�c�[�g&i¯lOe �U�ompc�[*i"!¾��e�c±_&X�i��cYyLZxiqX���i���m�lQm`Xp\ne lRi±mp�J�U\ngpiUXp[)e7lQij���oi±c!y z\s��i�gpijZ|\s��eU��Z|�ª_&[)e/Å eU®1®�\ lQ\s[)ijZ e[)m�_&[�g`i�� .U��iª­)m`X�g&yÃ_&X�i¢lQe�c�z¹iÃ��eJc�[�\ni�g`iªZxe¢lRy z�\^[]\^��\s[!yªZY_;c�lCijZ«cYiLZ/Zrm`_pc!�Li�Zg¹_�X�eq[�\nm`X�e ln\OZY��iFiUX�Zri�g`yq��e�c!cYejZÀZreUXp[#g&ix��lO©smp�J� _&��eUXp[�[C_pc!���L���_§²�_pg�iqX�c!i }&eqX��U¡�iJV¹_&X�i���cYyLZÀiUX��Ji���c�\s[)eUXpXp\n�1_pi���c!y��Jmp�Li�V`g&i � ����¤ ¨ ��¤ £ ¬ Ve���m`Xp[*c�\s�`_;y�¨���e�cH­*eU\ncYi�lQ©sm�_}&i�c)[t_�c!i�g`©Q�wg&iUX�VAiq[ªg&eUX�Zª_&X�i��p\niUX½��m`\sX�g`c!i��ijZ)_�c!i�g&i�Zrm`X�e�cYc)\n�LcYi � ��e7»1ZrV�e7_!��\sX�­tls_;iUX���i�ZocYyUz�\nm`X�e lQijZoiU[6\^Xp[*i�c�X�eq[�\nm`X�e lQijZÀ�

.���3#�%$°���!�����"' �� �;� =>�;�&�w�h����� ��� '7�"+ ;� �!�"�"+�&=>�;"�� �)(���"+�=>�"+���� ��w�!���&(��1��]�+�*�

�oe�c�lQi±[*cYeU\s[)y�g`i � eL´^´ eqX$iqX ��¤�1� VÊlQi�Z 0¥[�[*m`��eqX�Z¥cYiJ��m`XpX�eq\RZÀZriUXp[�lQ©se _&[)mpc�\s[!ye�g��\sXp\RZ![)c!eU[�\~};i�V1(~_�c�\ng`\n�¹_;i�iU[�­]\OZx�JeUlOi�g`i±lQe±��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni�ZY_;c�lQ©siUX#Zxiq���`lQi�gpi�Z[)iJcYcY\s[)m`\ncYi�Z �Le7»Tg�\s[)iLZ/��he���m`X�eJcY�U¡p\ni��ª_&[)e/Å eU®1®�\ ln\s[!i�­)eU\s[|[)cY�LZ�}\s[)i±lCi��U¡�m`\/�tZreUX�Z g`m�_&[)i cYy�eJ�U[)\nm`XpX�i lQV·e _ Zrmpc�[)\nc g`i �JiU[�[*i ZriL��m`X�g`i mp���U_&��eU[]\�m`Xm`[�[)m`��eqX�i���g&© _`X�i'�pm�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i+��eJc�[�\n�U_ln\O�JcYiU��iUXp[6\RZHm�lOeq[�\nm`XpXp\OZY[)iL�

+ � C-,�^LR C�K GHCW6 Y�. K�CW6 EJl[EBPcCJ4LK GHZFD|PQmF^LCJI�C�4+K �L<J4L<W>APQY�PQ< R#C R Ppl C�;�6 EJN NLZ ;9K�6 I�PkD|;=EBK/Z PQ;=CW6vX4LZ K�E�I1I�CB4LK�R#CSGw80/ 4LR C�f�=� 8kC21�NL;=C?6 69PQZF4�R <?6�PpDb4LC]DF<�4+<�;=EJGwCJI�C�4+K43!E�C � C�K�6 E�;=<JDbPcZF4 63^LR X�GwE�51^ ocokEB;=Pk:B:WE�f�]��E{NLZFN ^#GwEBK/PcZF4�K/Z K/EJGwC$RF^�;=ZF:?E�^ I�C$C?69K�E�GHZ ;�6]CW69K/PpI�<�C$CJ4LK/;=C���XL�OCBK�t|Xc� I1PkGkGHPcZF4�6�X+6�Z#PcK+GwC$R Z[^ � GwCR CeGwE]NLZFN#^ GwEBK/PcZ[4�R CSK/ZF^LK+GHCS;=CW69K/C{R C]GwE]N+<�4LPp4�6 ^ GwC y ;=E��+PkmF^LC�f�76 y ^�69CJ4�6SZ98 YBC�K/K�C�E�N#NLC�GQGwEBK/PcZ[4xR#<W69P Db4+C$GcE$NLEB;=K/PcC Rb^�NLEJ:b6]mb^+P�<�K/EJPcK'69ZF^L6]Gw8 EJ^LK/Z ;=PQK/<�R C?6]PkI�EJI 6� EJ:WR PQK/C?6�f

��������������� ��������������������� �!�"�$#���%&�'�(�*)��+���!�,�!-.�!�,�$���/)��0�1����2435����� -6�����7�"8�9��:�;�"�!���

�oe g1»LX�eLZY[�\ni¾º�eq� � gÂe l ��� � X�V���_`\ª}�e ��c!iUX�gpcxi½m�­Y­�\n�q\�i7lslCiU��iqXp[¯­]\^XÂlOi¾�`£ZriU�p[)iq����cYi �1¤ £L��e7};i���lQ©siUXp[)cxyJi�g`eqX�Z'²eUX�eJe�g`iLZ'�q¡�e�cHZwg`iLZ 0�­Y­�\n�q\Oi�cxZ��\^��c!i�Z�`_&\OZxV¢�`ln_�Z¦gpyj­�\sXp\s[�\s}&iU��iqXp[)V�lCi�� � ��e�cHZ ��¤1¬ � �2�)V�e7}&i���lQeÉc!yjZx\~z�X�eU[�\nm`X g`ilQ©~\^��eq� Á�_&¡�eU����e�g e l �!< e�g`c!V ijZ![ lQ©~¡�y�c)\^[]\O��c!i g&© _`X�i ¡p\OZY[*m4\ncxi��e�c)[�\n� _lO\n�Lc!iU��iUXp[AlQm`X`z�_;iL��a�_`[ � ��i�e7}&i���g`i�Z�­*mpc�[t_&X�iLZ�g�\^}�iLcHZrijZrV lQi�Z¥\^��eq��Z�Le »jg�\s[)iLZhm`Xp[#c!y z�X�y�Z)_;cblCi��|yU��iUX���iqX�g`eqXp[��`ls_�Zog`i � �1�1� eUXpX�y�iLZ �7= ���©sijZ![�iUX ��¤�¬ �`¤'� �1_;i �|eU¡`»�Ã���4e l � º¼_�Zre » X�e7l � k�eLZ/Z � C��_p\ÊZriªg&m`XpX�i¢lOi�[)\s[)cxig`©se7l � º ��g � \~l=�J© l � º�eL��+�¥­)m`X�g`i¼_&X�\s��eU��eU[ ��� ��_p\[�\ncYi±Zrm`X¯X�m`� g`i��Ji ls_p\og`il?> \s��eU� @'e »jg ����´^� l � @'e » X e l � ���p\Qg � X¿����e l�º¥_�Zxe7»LX ���mpc)[�iqX ¬�� 0 � Vg`iLZx�JiUX�g&eUXp[¥g&i ´^��l � ���+��� � vx� ln\s��V�lQi³z¹iUX�g`c!i�g¹_È�ocYm`�p¡��q[)ij��{|X¾X�m`����cYiZ)_`��Z![)eqXp[�\ni lFg&i��1_;e ln\s[)y�ZªZÀiJcYe±��iU_ ¨±��iU_ i �1\~zy�g&ijZ���eqX�g�\ng`eq[YZ¥¨±lQ©~\s��eU��eU[!��o©sejZr��iUX�g&eUX��Ji¼e7_���cYm`�p¡��q[)i���e�c�´^��l � iU[�a#eU[�\s��e¥iU[�º�eLZxeqX�iU[�º¼_�Zre » X�ijZ![�lQe[)m�_&[)i���c!iU��\n�LcYiJV���i��1_&\+ln\s��\^[!i�lQijZÆ��m�ZY[t_lQeUXp[!Z�e7_½�Ji�cY�7lQi�g`i�Z�­*eU��\~lslOiLZ�gpiB�IBACA#PEDJ�1WYl�­)e7_`[iqX�Z�_;\^[*i�e }�m`\OcÊg`\~}&iLcxZÊ[*e lCiqXp[YZ � -��z.U[)c!iw_&X�¡�m`����i�VeJg¹_`ln[)iJV¹ln\s��cYiJV��m`X�V`zyqX�y�cYi7_!�V��JcYeq\ z�X�eUXp[ � \ni7_pV�ZreU\sX¦g`i��Jmpc���ZFiU[�g�>¶ijZ!��c�\s[)Vp��m`X¦��e }�e ln\ni�c�i�[e�g��\sXp\RZ![)c!eU[)iU_;c'e }\CZxyL��WYlh­)e7_`[ .U[*cYiÃ_&X¦DGFBH1IJN�PEDqVp}&e lQi _4cYiU_!��e _¦�Jm`����eU[�iU[h_`XDFBH�InI�NJP?D V±}&i�cxZÀy g&eUX�ZÈlCijZ½ZÀ�q\�iqX��LijZ cxi ln\^z�\niU_�ZÀijZÀ����i ZY»�ZY[*�U��i>}&e7lOmpcY\OZreUXp[lQ©si#��Ji lslCiqX���i���m`X�­*y�c!eU\s[�_`X�i�e7_&[)m`X�m`��\ni�cYi lQeq[�\^};iªe7_��Jm�l^lR� z¹i�g`iLZ|B�IJA,APED¥g`eqX�ZZrm`X��U¡�m`\/��g¹_¦��c!yU[!iUX�g&eUXp[Y��u'X�[�¡�y�mpc)\ni�V�lQeªg`mp��[*c�\sX�i �Le7»Tg�\s[!iªcxi7}!.U[*eU\s[FiUX��LiZriUX�Z�_&X�i¾g�\s��iqX�Zx\nm`X ����mpg`iJc�X�i�� �`_`\OZÀ��_;©siUl�lQi$X�i¾cYiJ��m`XpX�eq\RZÀZreU\s[���ejZ�lQi��c�\sX��q\^��i g¹»LX�eLZY[]\O�¹_;iL� � eqX�Z lQe ��cYeq[�\n�¹_;i�V$lCe ��cYmp��yJg¹_;cxi X�©syU[*eUXp[ ��ejZZ)_�­!­�\OZreU����iUXp[���cYyJ��\OZxiJV§lQijZÈ[)c!eUX�Z!\^[)\nm`X�ZrV�Zxm�_�Z ��m�_}&iJc�[�[�¡�y�mpc)\O�¹_;i·g`i lQe����y�c�\s[)mp�JcYeq[�\Oi���V`Zr©^m`��yJcYeq\�iqXp[��`l�_�Z[!c�\~}&\�e7lQiU��iUXp[hZri lQm`XªlQi¢ZY\s���`lQiAcYeq�p��mpc�[#g&i�Z­)mpc!��iLZhiqX���cYyjZriUX��LiL�

������������KL�EM��735���ON 8�2 �P���+��% ���Q#�)���SR�N )�8��!�C�/�C��8�%T� ��3U�&�!���:�/�(9�� �7��3V3W819��7�/)���3

�oe°¡p\ny�cYeJcx�U¡p\OZreU[�\nm`X Zrmp��\ne lQi g1_ �¢yq��iUX eÄlCm`X`z�[)iq����Z¾­)cYiq\sX�yÄlQi�Z��m`�p\~ln\RZreU[]\�m`X�Z g&©^eq���`lQiU_pcAX�eU[]\�m`X�e7lQij�#�hm�z�\O��_;i���iUXp[*VdlO© _&XÈg&i�Z�z�cYeUX�gpZ g`yj­)\CZg`iLZ���c!m`��m`[)i _4cHZ¥g&i±lOe���mpg`i�c)Xp\OZxeq[�\nm`X Zrmp��\ne lQi�iU[A��m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i�ZxiJcYe�g&m`X���gpi��e�c�}&iUXp\nch¨AiqX�cYi7lOeq[�\^}¹\RZHi�cdlCiLZ�ij­!­)iq[HZ � �H�`��_�Zxm`����iU[g`i+lQe¢Zrmp��\nyU[)y�[!cB�`X�iqXp[�lOi�Z

��� � ZF4+Y�GQ^�69PcZF4�R 8 ^ 4�EBY�YBZ ;=R1R C]N+E�P 1,CJ4LK/;=C{;=ZF:?E�GHPw69K/C?6'CBK�;=<�N#^ � GcPcYBEBPk4�6�M � oQC�R#R Ebf��� ,�^L;OGwC � E�:?R Pc6 I�CiCBK 69ZF4 EJ4LY?;=EJD|C)E�^ T�<�I�CJ4LXSY?>9f�4LZ K/EJI�I�CJ4LK y ;=CJ4LR Z#4LaFX�qWsYX:Z\[]� E�ZF^L69KAXq?sFub� [F2O�+C�;AI�CJ:WCB;=X�q?sFu \[�]]CJ4LE�^+R XLqBs uBt^[ ,�K/;=Z KHU I�EJ4 4�X�qWs�nF� f� �`_ CBK/PcK�}3>APpG 6�R C �OVW69PkI EvGw}E]!E?6�6 �\a I�Z ;=K�CJ4ru(XYZCb1mF^ P�Pp4�69K/E`^L;=E�GwE)R Z YBK/;=Pk4+CiRF^ � E�:?R Pc6 I�CiK�C�GQGwCmF^L8kCvGcGwC{C�69K�K/ZF^LoQZF^L;�6�EJN N GcPQm�^L<�C{E`^LoQZb^+;=R 8 U ^LP�f� � � >9fB4LZ K�E�I1I�CJ4LK�,�C�;=oQC�EJ4LK�CBK���C`_�YBZ YBa|X�q?sFu?��XbN fWnFn#f� � ,?^+;�GHE,69K/;=EBK/Pw>APQY�EBKHPcZF4�CBK+GwE$69<�DF;=<�DFE�K/PQZF4 69Z YBPcEJGwC�EJ^1T�<JI�C�4�Y?>9f � ULCJGcU+Z R X�q?s u?tFX�\ � CW6]69K/;A^LYBKH^L;=Cb669Z YBPcEJGwC?6�C�K�>�EJI�PkGcPcEvGwC?6 d�XbN fcq���}3��n\[ � ;=CW69YJULX�q?sbsF� [�~iCB;AI�PcCB;=XLq?sbsFn#f

£

��¡�e��U¡�yq��\s[)ijZ,��Vg`iLZx�JiUX�g`eqXp[YZ|g1_���cYm`�p¡��q[)i�VB�IJA,A#PED�m�_�B]N�IjK]P �LVblQijZi�'I������ DÃI���S7I�InIjG IJAÊG��JV �F­�\~lCZ|g&ijZ|g&i _!��}&iUXp[)c!i�Z$�Æg`iªº�eLZxeqX�iq[Fg`iªº¼_�Zre » X�yq��\ z¹cxyjZ�eU_�|yU��iqXÄlQm�cHZ³gpi lQe ­*m`X�g`eq[�\nm`X g&i lQe�g�»LX�eLZY[]\Oi��Le7»Tg�\s[)iL�|²i _&ltZ³¨¯��m`_�}�m`\Oc��cYyq[)iUX�g&cYi ¨ lQ© \s��eq��eU[)V·\ lCZ ZriLcYm`Xp[ g`m`X�� lQm`X`z1[)iq����Z lQi�Z };y�c)\^[*eU�`lCiLZ�U¡�e7lslOiqX`ziJc/ZFg`iLZ'\^��eq��Z/�6��ijZFB�IBACAPED�(nm�_]��[)iUXp[�g`eqX�Z�lOe�¡p\ny�c!e�c!�U¡p\niªZxmp�q\�e7lQiÃlQi�Z � D��sV�e�c)\RZ![)mp�JcYeU[]\�i¥g�_�Zre }�m`\�ch(~_�c�\ng\O�¹_;i¥m�_¦g�_���m�_}&m`\nc��`_�c!i�e7_���c!eU[�\Q��_�ij�6��i�Z� ( _z¹ijZ,��Zxm`Xp[Fg`©se7_`[*eUXp['�`l�_�ZA��c!m��q¡�ijZ|g�_ gpyU[)i�Xp[)i7_;c¢g1_���m�_�}�m`\Oc|��_;©~\^lCZAX6i��i _}&iqXp[±��eLZxV PQG�I FLPEI F� �@�K]BYExGqIL@CV�lQi���iUX�e��Ji�cx�|WrlCZ�Zrm`Xp[�iqX c!i }&eqX��U¡�iÈejZÀZxi��lQm�z1\n�1_piq��iUXp[�iUX��7ln\^X�Z§¨���m`Xp[*ijZ![YiJc¼_&X°ZY»1Z![)�U��i��1_&\+lQijZ�yJ��eLc)[)i�gpi�lOe�}�m`\OicYm�»je lQi g`i lQ©~\^��eq��eU[�� � ���A\niqXpX�iUXp[ËiUX�Z)_`\s[)i lQi�Z ��iU����cYiLZ g`i¿�`ls_�Z!\niU_pc/Z��iqXp[)eU\sX�iLZ g`i [)c�\s�p_�Z/� ��ijZ [)c)\^�p_�Z Zxm`Xp[ e _ * mpcYg&V>��e#(nmpcY\s[)eq\�c!iU��iUXp[cYi7zc!m;_&��yJijZ|iqX�g&iU_]��z¹cYeqX�g`ijZ���m`X�­)yJg`yJcYeU[]\�m`X�Z|º �jZ!¡p\�g�iq[ < eq® � lOV�_&X¯[)iq����ZX�m`����y�iLZ ��lQijZ g&iU_!� eU\~lQi�Z g&i lQ© \s��eq��eU[S��� + �·��ijZ ¡�m`����ijZ ZxiLc!m`X�[lQm`X`z1[*iU����Z�lQi�ZFZxiU_l�Z�z1_;i�cxc)\�iLcxZFg¹_���m;_}&m`\nc'��i�Xp[*cYe lC�;WrlCZ���iU_�}�iUXp[�y z¹e lQiU��iqX�[.U[*cYi|g`ijZ�� IjK]ITS��sVp��iLZ���iq����cYiLZ�g&i«lQ©sy ln\s[!i¢�q\s[)e�g\^X6i|��_&\�ZÀi|g`yL­�\sXp\OZ/ZHiUXp[Ê��eJcolQi7_�cejZr��iqX�g`eqX���i¼[*cY\^��e7lQij��º�\ny�cYeJcx�U¡p\n�¹_;iq��iUXp['\sX�­)y�cY\niU_;cHZ�e _!��¡�m`����ijZ«gpi¼[*cY\^�`_6Zg`m`Xp['\~lCZ�Zrm`Xp[�g&yU��iqX�g`eUXp[!ZxVm`X¯[)c!m�_}&i�iUX�Z)_p\s[)iLViUX���\ ln\ni _�c�_�c!e l�e7_���m`\sX�ZrVlQijZ ��m`����i�cxfJeUXp[YZÀ� � ²eUX�e�e iUX c!i }&eqX��U¡�i�V½��iJc�[)eq\sX�ijZ �JeU[)y7zmpcY\niLZ gpi��m`����iJcYfJeUXp[YZ m`Xp[)Vhi7l^lRijZ e _6Z/Z!\nV�c!eUX`z-g`©sy7l�\s[!iª_�c���eq\sX�i ���x� ��_!����eJc*z&iLZ gpiÆlQe¡p\ny�c!e�cY�q¡p\Oi¾Zxmp�q\�e7lQi�V¢}\niUXpX�iqXp[�e lQmpcHZ�lQi�Z�S IjG�� I�����pN F�D�B���_p\�i#�¹i�cY�LiqXp[�g`iLZ��cYm�­*ijZÀZY\nm`X�Zj(~_z&y�iLZ¥\sX�­)eU��eqXp[)ijZ n��e�c��p\niJcHZ � ��m`\O­x­*i _;cHZrV�[)eqXpX�i _;c/ZxV��ª_�Z!\n��\niUX�ZrV��m�_;�U¡�iJcHZ�� �ÀVÊlQe���m`���ª_&X�e7_`[*y (~_p\~}&i ����cYm`[)yUz¹y�i�� �7�AiU[|iqX�­�\sX�lQijZ¥I��pN D��UD�V��_;ejZ!\��w��eLZY[!i���\sXp[)m�_;�U¡�eU�`lQi�g&iÉZriLc*}&\s[)i _4cHZrV¢gpm`Xp[ªlQe��Jm�_�lQi7_pc�gpi lQe¯��i�e7_[)iqX�g`cYeq\s[ʨ�\sX�g\O��_�iJc���_�i+lQiU_;cHZ�eqX��+.U[*cYi�Z�ZriLcYeq\�iqX�[�}&iqX`_�Z�gpi+l�>¶e7_`[*cxiA�+�`[)yAg&i«lQe��i�c#k�m�_z¹i = �À���iq[�[)i�e _&[)m � g\ }&\OZ!\�m`X�g`i¼lQe±Zrmp�U\nyU[*y±­t_p[F¨¼lQ©smpc�\~z�\�X�i�g`i�c!i }&iLcxZA��m�_;c�[)m�_�Z�lQi�ZcYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eq\�c!ijZ��1_&\�­]\Oc!iUXp[�lQ©^iJcYcxi7_�cªg&i�lQe Zrm;_�Z � i�Z![�\s��iLcH��u'Xp[)c!i�[)m�_�ZxV�_`X� ln\~}&e7zi yU��iJc�zi �Ä��i ln_&\Â��_;\ m`�p��m�Zri lQ© \sXp[)i7lsl�\~z&iqXp[YZ!\�e ��mpg&i�c)X�\OZreU[)c)\O�LicYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eq\�c!i ¡�e��q¡�yU��\s[)i iU[ÂlCijZ ¡�m`����ijZ g`i�Z [)cY\s�`_�ZÀ� �o©~¡�m�Z![�\~l�\s[!ycYyJ�U\s�6cYmp��_�i¥cxi��Jm�_&��iÃlQiª�7l�\s}&e z¹i¥iUXp[)cxi¥c�_;cYe7lO\s[)y�iU[h_pc)��eUXp\s[)y CN�I�DqIjK���I�S7IBAOD���� V}\~lslCiLZÈiU[��JeU����e7z1X�iLZ9� g`m`Xp[�lQ©si#���`lOm`\s[)eq[�\nm`X gpiU��i7_�c!i�cYe¾lOm`X`z�[)iq����ZxV±ZreUX#Z

� � 3!ZF^LKSYBZFI�I�C"GwC?6��! "#"%$'&�X GwC?6 o ^ D|C?6{l P l E�PcCJ4LK�69ZF^ l CJ4LKSR EJ4�6$GHCW6 EJD?DbGwZ[I�<�;=EBK/PcZ[4�6$^+;A�LE�Pp4LC?6�ZF^R EJ4�6{GHCW6$CJ4LYJGcE�l C?6eNL;=Z K/<JD|<BCW6`a)(*$+�,� J�.-/�� 1032'4653 7$',�8�9: "/&7$'4�8<;.=>51,#?�5@&�A 510383;.,!=>4'82'4)$'=>0B4',$'C� 1D)8�E?�+~iCB;AI�PcCB;=Xq?sbsFn�X+N�f����Cb`f ,�P�GH8kZF4 E�Y�m[^[PQC�;=K]CJ47KHU+<�Z ;=PQCOGwC1K/PQK/;=C1R COok^FD|C NLEB;SGHC�6=EJl[Z#Pc;=X�P G'R C`l PcCJ4LR ;=E169ZF^ l CJ4LK/XR EJ4�6 GwE NL;=EBK/PQmb^+C�X�U+<�;=<BR PcK�E�PQ;=Cbf�� C Y�GHPkl E`D|CF�� "#"%$�&<G H3I1&�J�;=C�YBZF^ N+Cr<JD|EJGwCJI�CJ4LK GH8kE�N N+E�;=K/CJ4LEJ4�YBC;=C?6=N+C�YBK/Pkl C�E�^�1 y ;=EJ�LCW6 RF^LK1Z ;=R a MN&*03 �07b X 698kZFN#NLZL69E�4+KSE�^�1 y ;=EJ�LCW6 RF^ ,�^LR X�akR#CW69YBC�4LR#E�4LKA6�R CO �(346 107b`f� +&� >9fJGwC�RFPQY�K/PQZF4 4LEBPc;=C{R C?6�K/;=Pk�#^�6�:?<JI�<�4LPQK/C?6�X�E�GH}/~�^[m[ULEW> �QX WZ(Z \[ y � �QP ULVJ4LPkI�X�qBs|s:Z#f� �"��C?6�Y�ZFI1I�CB;#RBE�4�K�6"^L;A�LEBPk4�6"4LC�NLCJ^ l C�4+K�R @?61GHZ ;�6���K�;=CiYBZF4�69PcR#<�;=<?6�Y�ZFI1I�C�^ 4jDF;=ZF^ NLC R+C69K/EBKH^LK=f � >9f�~)C�;AI�PQC�;=X+qWs�sFn f�7� / G 6�6�Z[4LK$CW69K/PpI�<W6"C�4LKA;=C XYZ ZYZ:Z CBK sYZ ZYZ(Z�E�lFE�4+K�GHC�^+; R <vNLE�;=K{I�E?6`6�PH>�EJ^�GHC�4+R C�I�EBPk4jR CxG EYB;=<�EBK/PcZ[4�R CSGH8kgSK/E�K�R#80/ 69;=E�CvG�f � >9fTS�^+Y � Pk4�6 aFPcXLqBs#uW�#f� 6 ��C?6'RFPw>=>A<B;=CJ4LK�6 I1:WKHU+CW6]6 ^L;�GHC�^L; Z ;=PkDFPk4LC�69ZF4+K�;=C�NL;=PH6�N+E�; ~iCB;AI�PcCB;=X�qWs�sFnbX�N�fFu OC�K�6 ^ Pkl|EJ4LK/C?6Jf

¬

Z)_pc)��cY\OZxiJV�e7_È����_;c�gpi§lQe�Z![)cYeq[)y z\ni�g&ijZ¥\s��eU��Z �d�oijZÃB�IJA,A#PED�Zrm`Xp[A��m�_;c�lCi7_�c��e�c)['[)cY�LZA��cYmp�q¡�iLZ|g`i�ZA\s��eq��ZA��eU\CZj���m�_;cAeU_&[YeqXp[F��_;©~\~lCZ (nm�_;\RZÀZÀiqXp[�g&i¼lCi7_�c\sXp[)y z¹c�\s[!y+�p¡`»�Zx\n�¹_;i���\~lCZ�g`iq��i7_�c!iUXp[#¨�lCi _4cHZÊ»jiU_!�¥g`i'��m�Z/Zx\s�`lQijZ cY\ }�e _!�`�L�|eU¡`»z�Zr©^y7}&i�c)[�_pe¥g&m`X��¼¨¥iqX���m�_;cYe7ziLc�lQijZ«c�\~}&e7lO\s[)yjZFiqXp[!cxi lQiLZFi#���6­)eU��\~lnlOiLZAc!y z�X�eUXp[)iLZ��m�_}&eUXp[ ��cYyq[)iUX�g&cYi¨ Zre Z!_p�J�LijZÀZx\nm`X����oi¿g`iLZY[�\sX g&i Zrm`X ��m`X��7_pcxc!iUXp[´^����g&e lslQeU¡ e l �OÇ eL� � c!V§­C_`[�_;c���m`XS(~_4cYy¾g`i �1¤T�'� V�ijZ![¦g`i¾��i$��m`\sXp[¦g`iÉ}�_�ii#�¹iU���`lQeU\ncYiA��iUX ��¤ �1� V���e7l^z¹cxy Qm�_$��iU_&[ � .q[Yc!i�¨��Je _�Zxi¦g`i?�§lQ©seU���`lQi7_�cªg&i�ZZri�c*}&\n��i�Z�cxiqX�g¹_�Z�eU_Â[)cB�`X�i CiUX �Jm`X�g¹_p\OZreUXp[�lQe½cYyU��cxiLZ/Z!\nm`X gpijZ cYy7}&m�ln[YiLZ[)c)\^��e7lQijZoiU[iUX�X�y7zmp�q\�eqXp[�lQi+[)c!eU\s[)yFgpiwvx��©~\O­A�ÀV1\~l;ijZx[#yJ��eJc�[)yFg`iwlQeF��m`_pccYm�»jeUlOi�O¨lQ©~\^X�Z![)eJc g&©O� l � ����ºÆeU�ªµ;g ²1¡�eJcYej­ e l ��� � X�V�e _&[)c!i¿��eqX�g�\ng`eq[$��m`[)iqXp[�\ni l�¨lQ©~\^��eq��eU[A� �u���\ lQy|¨�º¥_;g`e »jg`e|��m`����i�zm�_};i�c)X�i7_;cYV`\^l6iLZY[oiUX �T¤ �'� g`yq�±\OZ�gpi��iq[�[)iA­)m`X��U[]\�m`X�n[)m�_&[#��m`����iF²¹¡�eJcYeL­#e l ��� � X�V�Xpm`����y'��m�_;c Zre+��e�c)[#¨V@'e7� � g�e _���c!m�­�\s[#g`i�lQ© _&X�g&ijZ�­�\~lCZhg&iwlQ©sWH��eq���

������������� 2 �"8�9��:���"�73W- �� 9���% �"�:�/)��035���"��8 % ��� N ����% 9���N\� � ��%4��3W�,��&24� 8�2� )��� �������C�����*� ���"8�2 ��% �� ��

�oe lOy7z1\s[�\s��\s[)y ����m`�`_lQeU\ncxi��·��_4iËlQ©sWx��eU� eJ����_&\OiJc�[���e�c$Zxe }\Q�U[)m`\nc!i Z)_�c��lO©smp�J� _&��eUXp[�[C_pc!����}&eªg&m`XpX�i�cFe _�c!y z\s��i¥\^��e���\n��_�i�eU\sX�Z!\ �wcxi }¹\tZ!\^[*y��¼_&X�i��m`X�­]\~z�_;cYeq[�\nm`X���cYm`��cYiJV�cYi7lQeU[�\s}&iU��iqXp[�yUlOm`\~z�X�y�i¥g`iAlOe|[)cYeJg�\s[)\�m`X �Le7»Tg�\s[)iL�pa#mpcY[g`iAZxiLZ�cYiLZ7Zrm�_pcx�JijZ��iLcHZrm`XpX�i lslCiLZxV��|eU¡`»�w}&iU_&[�[*cx�jZ#}\s[Yi'��iU[�[*cxi�Zre�ZY_;���LiLZ/Z!\nm4X¨¼lQ©seU��c�\og`iLZ�c!� z1lQiLZ�yq[)cYm`\s[)i�Z�g`i���iU[][)i±g&mp�U[)cY\sX�i���_p©~\sl1(^_z¹iª[!cYm`��¡�ejZre�cYg&i _6ZxiL�u'X ��¤ �`£TV]����yUlQeUX`z¹i�eqXp[S��e7_!�ª»TiU_!��g`iªZÀiLZ'gpyU[!c!e��U[*i _�cxZxVS��lQi¢}\sX�eU\~z¹cxi�� Qg�_��c�\sX��q\^��i¾g�» X�ejZ![�\n�¹_;i���eU_ ����\niUlz� = � g&iÉlQe¾g`mp��[)c)\^X�i��Le7»Tg\^[!iJV¼\~l�Zx©seJcYcYm�z¹ig`©seq��mpcYg lQi¯[�\s[)c!i�gpi�c!m`\�iq[)V�[]\OcYeqXp[ªlQijZ��Jm`X�ZxyL��_;iUX��LiLZ�g&iÉ�JiU[�[*i¯��cxiU��\n�Lcxi\sXpX�m�}&eU[]\�m`X�V�g`yLZY\~z�X�i¼Zrm`X ­]\~ltZwe � X�y���¡p��e�g��Jm4����i¢��c)\sX���i¢¡�yLc)\^[]\Oi�ci#��I ����I � �� I�N�D���� * \+lQe�S IJA � I��Jm`Xp[)cYeq\^Xp[*i��¹_;©se����JmpcYg&iUXp[¼lRijZ�´ F%� IUD�I�¨���iq[�[)i���cYm�­*m`X�g`i�ª_&[)eU[]\�m`X g¹_ Z�»�ZY[)�q��iJV�Xp\�lQ©^eq�p��cYm`��eq[�\nm`X g`© _&X�i ��eJc�[�\niÂgpijZËB�IBA�A#PED X6i�U¡�eqX`ziqXp[Êzc!eUX�g � �q¡�m�Zxi ¨�lQ©^eL­Y­*cYm`Xp[�­]eU\s[�¨��JijZ'g&i�c)Xp\�iLcxZxV�g`m`Xp[ÊlQi¼Z![)eq[t_&[�iU[ÊlQi�ZeU���p\s[�\nm`X�ZoeUX��JijZ![)cYe7lOiLZ�Zrm`Xp[#eq\^X�Z!\&cYeJg�\n��e7lOiq��iUXp[cYiq��\OZhiqX���e _�Zri =C=À���lQ©~¡�i _;cYiAg&i+lO©si �1��eUX�Z!\nm`X§_ln[�\s��iAg�_��Jm�lOm`Xp\ne7l�\OZx��iAmp�J�U\ng`iqXp[)e l6Z�_4cdlQijZ�c�_p\sX�i�Zg`i>lQ©siU���p\QcYi m`[�[*m`��eUX�V³lQe>}\n�q[)m`\Oc!i gpi>lOe ��eU\OZrm`X ºÆeU� � g e l ��� � X Z!_�clQ©siUX`}&eq¡p\RZÀZriU_pch[�_;cx�«}&e|y z¹e lRiU��iqXp[he }�m`\�ch��m�_�c��Lm`X�Zry���_�iqX���i|g`i�lQy z¹\^[]\^��iLcÊ_pXX�eU[]\�m`X�e7ln\RZ!��iÉZrm�_;cY��\~lslCi _!�½�1_`\|��cYiqX�g }&\s[)i lQijZ�[)c!eU\s[YZ³g`© _&X>\OZrm�lQeU[�\nm`XpXp\OZY��i��e�c)[�\n� _lO\n�Lc!iU��iUXp[|c)\~zm�_4cYiU_!�`�²©seU�p�`_»TeqXp[¢Z)_pcAlCijZ|��yL­)eU\s[YZÃg¹_ ��m�lQm`Xp\ne ln\OZY��iiUX$�FZ!\�iJVdlQ©^Wx��eU� i#�1�`ln\n��_pi�eU\sX�Z!\�iUX �T¤�� £�¨�e l � ´^�x����V � ¸ i���cYyL­)y�c!iLcYeq\RZ �1_�i

��� y G T�EJU :?V�X�q?sFu(X�X�N�fbn(X�}3nFn \ � CJN ^LPw6 mF^LC]Gw8kPpI�E�I T�EJU :?V�E�RF<BY�PQR <�R#CSI�<JGwEJ4 D|CB; GwCSI�PQC�G+E`l C�YeGwCl Pk4LEJPkD|;=CBX�YB8kCW69K/}AM�}AR PQ;=C�GcEO;=ZF:?E�^LK�< CBK�GwC NL;=Pk4LYBPkN+C RF:B4LE?69K/Pcm�^LC�EJl C�Y Gw8kPkI�EJI�EBKzPH6 GcE�I�PQmb^+C5>AZF4+R <563^L;GwE NL;=E�K�PkmF^LC$R C{GwE�� (��1,� ,NL;=Z YJULC�R C$GcE4]!<JN ^ �FGwPkm[^LC$Z ;=PkDFPk4LE`GHC�X#PkG�C�4i> ^LK'>APk4 P�R C{GwE�69<�YJ^L;APcK/< C�K�R C{GwE69K/EJ�LPkGHPcK/<]d?fkf��� � >9f � C�4+K/;=C�R 8kg{KH^LR C?6�C�K1R C ]!CBYJULC�;=YJU�CW6xT�<�I�<J4LPQK/C�X1q?s#u |� -�51E�:?8kEBK1abPk�+V�;h� ^ GcEJI�E ,�EJ4�� V�8 E:?E�4�69EJU ^ 4��+Pc8 Gw}�Pw6 GcV�U�_$E�:�^+K/V�GcPp� � 4��+PcK/EB8kR � G�EJGw}�ULV�GcE]d�X)N�f �YX qB}�X|�#f�g]4�69C�I1�#GwC R C�GHC�K�K/;=CW6 R CYBZF4LK/C?69K/E�K�PcZ#4�E�R ;=C?6`69<�C?6�M]Gw80/ I�E�I NLEB; GwC�6zD|;=EJ4LRL6�� 53D) �� SR#C ,?EJ4LE�E�f

��m`X���i _&�`lQi�iU[h��m`\ � �r.U��i�gpiq��i _�c)\nm`X�Z���e _};cYiLZ'iq[���eqX`z1\nm`X�Z'g&i�lQe¢��eU\~lnlCi�`ls_&[��`[h��_�i|g`i�­)eq\ncYi�iqXp[)cYiLcÊlQijZ'yq[)cYeqX`ziJc/ZxVpm�_�lQiU_;c�g`m`XpX�i�c�g`i�Z��Jm`X���ijZÀZx\nm`X�ZrV��_;iUltZÃ�¹_;i�Zrm`\niUXp[�lQi�Z¥e7}&eUXp[)e7ziLZ¥m�_�lQe�c�\n�U¡�iLZ/ZHi���_pi��`_p\OZ/Zri�eq�p��mpc�[)iJc�lQiU_�c��cYyLZxiqX���iL� �5=?� �h©~\CZxm�lQeU[]\�m`XpXp\OZ!��i }&e g`i ��eq\nc e }&iJ� lQi ��eJcYeJ�U[)�Lc!i [!cY�LZ��i�cxZxm`XpX�e7ln\RZry�V·g&©^e7_&[)eUXp[¿�`ls_6Z e7_`[*mp�LcYeU[]\��1_;i ��_4i lQe [*cYe�g`\s[�\nm`X �Le7»Tg�\s[!icYiJ��m`XpX�e � [b¨wlQ©~\^��eq� _&X�iw}&yJc�\s[)eU�`lQi'\^X�­*eU\~lsln\^�p\sln\^[*yj�

�oe���e�c!eUX�m �Qe¥g`i �|eU¡`»��|X�iÆZri¥��eqXp[)m`X`X�i���ejZFe/_�Zri _&l#��y�c)\^li �1[)yJcY\�i7_�cx��om�_;c+ZÀi¢��cxyq�ª_`Xp\Qc���m`Xp[*cxi¢[)m�_&[!i }�i l�lQyq\^[*y¼g&i¥g�\tZÀZ!\�g&iUX��LiJV4\sl�\sX�Z![�\s[t_&[)\nm`XpX�e ln\OZÀi_&X�i$��cYeq[�\n�¹_;i$¡�eU�p\s[t_;i lnlQiU��iUXp[¦cxyLZxiLc�}&y�i¾e7_]� [)iU����Z g`iÉzT_piLc!cYiA�¥�U¡�eJ��_�i­)eq��\~l^lQi�\sX�­tls_�iqXp[)i�Vh�q¡�e���_;i±�q¡�ij­«g`i�[)c�\s�p_�g`m`\s[+ls_&\���m`X�­]\�iLc�lQ© _`X g`i�ZxiLZ¼­]\~ltZ ���iLZ�m`[*e z¹ijZ�=�- Og&m`Xp[�lQi¾X�m`����cYi½eU[�[)iq\sX�g`cYe¾��\^lslQi°ZÀiU�p[-��iUXp[!Z�iqX �1¤T�&� �HViUX�­*i�c)��yjZog`eUX�ZlO© _&X�i�gpiLZÊ[*cYm`\tZ��c�\CZxm`X�Zog`i�lQe+}\^lslQi�gpi'º�e#(/(ne�Vm�_�ZY\s���`lQiU��iUXp[\sX�Zx�Jc�\s[xZhg&eUX�ZogpijZ�yJ��m�lQi�Zog`iA²eUX�eJe�V�zeJcYeqXp[�\OZ/ZriUXp[�lQe�lOm�»je _&[!y�g&i+lOiU_;c/Z��e�c!iUXp[xZm�_�g&i+lQi _�cxZh��cYmp�q¡�ijZÀ�L�dls_6Z�� lQejZÀZx\n�¹_;iq��iUXp[)V1lO©~\s��eU� �¢eq¡`»��Aiq�����UX�iAe }�i��+ls_&\g`eqX�Z��q¡�e��7_`XÂg&i ZxiLZ�g`yq�`lQe���iq��iqXp[YZ¦\^Xp[*iLc�X�ijZ O��m`����i�lOi ­*i�c!e Zxm`X¿­]\ l]Z��¡p��eJg�lQmpcHZ g`i±ZÀiLZ|gpyU�`lQeJ��iU��iqXp[YZ|¨ªlQ©^yq[)cYeqX`ziLc=� ��iU_!�¦g`m`Xp['\~l�cYiLg`m�_&[)iªlQi�Z\sXp\s[�\neU[�\~};ijZÀ�

�������������G�+3U-.���"�����C3U� 2 9�8�% 3W���'M��/�,�03 - �*��� � �*)���73W8�)!�/�C��8�% % �73W- �

��iq[+\OZrm�lQeU[�\nm`XpXp\OZY��i±­t_&[|ZxeqX�Z�ZY_;c���cY\OZri�¨ÆlQ©smpc�\~z\nX�i�g`i¼lQ©se�cxc�\nyLc!eU[�\nm`X�g¹_���e »�Z[)eqXp[¥g`eqX�Z¼lQijZÆg`m`��eq\sX�ijZ�[)i��q¡pX�m�lOm�z�\n��_piJV'g`i³lRe ZreUXp[)yJV'g`i³lQ©sy�g1_;��eU[]\�m`X�V'g&ilQ©~\^X�­*mpc���eq[�\nm`X¾��_;i�g&eUX�Z��Ji l�_&\'gpi±lQe�� _&l�[C_�cYi���m�ln\^[]\��1_;ij��WYlA­)e7_;g`cYe���c!�jZ�gpig`i7_!��g`yJ��iUXpXp\QijZF��m�_;c��¹_;i�lO©sWx��eU� Oeq��cY�LZ+lQ©sy lQiL�U[*cYmp�U¡�mp��g`i�lOe�g`yL­)eU\s[)i�­)eJ��ie _!�¥²eJm�_pg\niUX�Z�iqX �¹¤ �1� ��g`yJ��\�g&iAg`©sm`��y�c!iLcb_&X6i�[)cY�LZÊ�6c*_;gpiUXp[*i�m�_`}�i�c�[�_;cxi�Z!_�clQ©A0�����\ng`iqXp[iU[�lQi'��m`X�g`i�eJcYeq��i = � �

2. LA GESTATION DES CONTESTATIONS

{|X�i�­)m`\OZ�e��J��_&\OZÀi�Zre�}¹\��q[)m`\ncxi�Z�_4c lQiLZ�v�_4cY�jZrV lQ©~\s��eU� �|eq¡`»���e±��\OZ�`ls_�Z¾g&© _&X�i g`yL��iqXpXp\ni ¨>\s����m�Zri�c¾Zxe Zxm�_&}&iLcYeq\^X�iq[)y Z)_�c�lQ©^iqX�Zxiq���`lCi g�_[)iJcYcY\s[)m`\ncYiL�Êv'c!�jZ�}\s[!i�Vh\^lwm`�p[)i±��m�_4c�g`i�Z ��yU[�¡6mpg`iLZ¥cxyq��cYijZ ZY\~};ijZ�iq[AX�© ¡�yLZY\s[!i��ejZ�¨±­)eU\nc!i�y lO\s��\sX�iLc��p¡`»1Z!\O��_4iU��iUXp[F�JiU_]�-��_`\hlQ©sm`Xp[�eq\ng`y�¨���m`X�Z![)c�_&\ncxi±Zxm`Xu'[)eU[!��²e���m�ln\s[�\n��_4i§­]\RZr��e7lCi �\~lhe (nm�_`[*iª¨ÃlQe��qI � ��I��o¨ÃlQ©~\^X�Z![)eJc�g`i���i���_;©se }�eU\niUXp[­)eq\s[ lQiLZ 0¥[][)m`��eUX�ZrV�g&i X�m`����cYi _�Zri�Z¾[)e �ijZ½X�©se »jeUXp[ e _;� _&X�i>lQy z�\�[]\^��\s[!ycYi7ln\^z�\�iU_�Zri��Als_p\e ln\n�UX�i�y7ze7lQiU��iUXp[wg`i�ZF��eUX�Z«iUXp[�\ni�cxZAg&i¼lQe¼��m`�`_lQeU[�\nm`X�c*_4cYe7lCiiU[�_&X�i���e�c)[�\ni¢g&ijZhlQi�eJg`i�c/Zo[)c�\s��e _!�`�T��iLZh��cYiq�±\n�LcxijZ ��m`Xp[)iLZY[)eq[�\nm`X�ZÊ}&m`Xp[�}&iqXp\Oc

� � y Gw}=� y,� I�X+q?sFub��X?N�fb�(Z�n#f� � � > � EJI1I�V�oQX EJ:WR ~h^LK �H� X MND G6, ( J 0* JX�ak��C?6&Z K/E`DFCW6Eb�,�E�4+E�E�X�� P � VB;=ESE�GH}�PH� GHV�I _�E?� GH}�K ULE�m#VW>�E�X+q?sFu?t+f� � � C�^�1�I�Pw6`6=PQZF4�6"I�<BR PcYBE�GHC�6�PcK/EvGcPcCJ4 4LC)C�K >A;=EJ4�RBE�PH69C769CB;=ZF4LK�EBRFI�Pw69C?69X'GHCW65NL;=C�I�PQC�;�6�<BKH^LR PkEJ4LK=6NLEB;=K/Pc;=Z[4�K l C�;�6�GH8kg'^+;=ZFNLC ZF^ GwC)I�ZF4+R C E�;=EJ�LC CBK R#CW6"I�Pw6969PcZF4�6 I�PkGcPcK�E�PQ;=CW6�CBK K/CBYJU 4LZFGHZFD|PQmF^LC?669C�;=Z[4LK�C�4#l[Z[:W<BCW6&YJULC � 69C?6�DF;�EJ4LRL6 l Z PH6=Pp4�6'EB;=EJ�LCW6 a0/�;=EBaFX|��Pp�LE`4LXFg]D�:�NLK�C b`f

¤

g¹_���m`X�g&i�c�_;cYe7lpiq[ÊZr©^i �1��cY\s��i�c!V�g&eUX�Z#lCiLZdln\s�±\s[)i�Zog`i�lQ© _&Xp\s}&i�c/Zog`iLZ�Zxm�ln\ng`eJcY\s[)y�Z[)c)\^��e7lQijZrV¹��eJcb_&X�i�Z)_;�L��iLZ/Zx\nm`X�g&i�cYiq��i lslO\nm`X�Zog`©seU���`lQi7_pc�LcYm`\OZÀZxeqXp[)ij�

3#�O.�����"+����p���!��������������� ��� �¦�À�������)�/�!�"�"'�p���)��� ��{|X�eUX�Zri _lCiq��iUXp['eq��cY�jZFlOi�g`yq��e�c�[Fg&ijZ'v�_;cx�jZrVblQe¼�`_&\OZ7ZreUXp[)i���m`X�­)yJg`yJcYeU[]\�m`Xº�eLZY¡ � g¾Zxi�Zxm`_lO�U}�i���m`Xp[*cYi�lQ©sWH��eq��� �oiLZªºÆejZ!¡ � g¾Zxm`Xp[Ãg`iU��i7_�c!yjZ (^_�ZÀ��_;©�¨X�m�Z�(nm�_;cHZwe _³� ��_;c�g`iLZ'yL��_p\~lO\s��c!ijZ���m�ln\s[�\Q�¹_;ijZwg�_ �|yU��iqX¦iU[���iq[�[)i¢��c!iU��\Q��cxi��c�\OZri¥g`i¥g�\OZ![)eUX��Ji¼¨AlO©syUz¹e�c!g�g&i �¢eq¡`»��¢��i7_&[�.q[)cxi���m`X�Z!\ngpy�c!yLi�V�e }&iL��lRi¥cYi��U_lRV��m`����i�lQ©^eqXp[�\n�U¡�eq����cYiªg&© _`X�iUX`z¹e z¹iU��iqXp[�_`ln[)yLc)\niU_pc!V#gpy��U\OZx\O­*Vdg&eUX�Z'lQi���eU���cYyq�`_&�`lO\n��eq\^X = �x�Ê��m`X�g1_&\^[*iª��e�c+lCi��q¡�iU\n®1¡ * eLZ � cA����Á¦eU�p®�¡`µ`[Fe7l � ��¡p��eJcYVÊi7l�lQiX�i+��c!iUX�g�­�\sX���_;©se _�[!i�c)��iAg`© _&X�i+lOm`X`zT_;iAiU[�}&\nm�lQiUXp[)iF��eq����e z�X�i�m&%³��¡p��e�g&VlQi�­�\~lCZ�g`i �¢eq¡`»��JVoz¹e z�X�i�ZrijZ���cxiq��\niLcHZ¢z¹e lQm`X�Z�g&i±DGFBH ��N�PEDJ����iLZ��6cYiq��\��Lc!i�Z­)c!m`X�g`iLZhyq[)eU\niUXp[g&iU��iU_;cYyLiLZhg&eUX�ZÊlQijZl�\s��\s[)ijZ�g&i+lQ© _&Xp\~};i�cxZ�g`iLZh��m`�p\~l�\CZxeq[�\nm`X�Z[)c)\^��e7lQijZÀ� �oi _ e�c)[)\��7_`lQy�i�Z \ng`y�m�lQm�z\n�1_piq��i�Xp[)V i lslQijZ X�©syq[)eU\niUXp[ ��eLZ��mpmpc!g`m`XpX�yJijZƨ³lQ©sy��U¡�i7lQm`X¾X�eU[�\nm`X�e l«iq[¥iUX��JmpcYi���m`\sX�Z�c!i lQe »jy�ijZƨ³lQ©sy��q¡�i lnlCi\sXp[)i�c)X�eU[�\nm`X�e7lOiL��Wrl&X�©siUXª}&e���eLZhg&i+� .U��iFg¹_�Zrm�_�lQ�U}&iq��iUXp[#g&iwlQe+[*c�\s�4_�[�\s¡��q��\g`iLZ @'e�c��UXp\O��= � ^lQe��`ls_�Z�\^����mpc)[)eUXp[*i�[)cY\s�`_��U¡�ej­*yU\s[!i��7�&��m`X�g¹_&\s[)iA��e�cdlQi|�U¡�iU\n®1¡��¡p��eJg e7l � a�_;�e » X � V�i7l�lQi¿ZÀi X�m�_;c!cY\^[ g¹_ }&\Oi7_!� � ln\s}&e z¹i �Jm`X�­)iLZ/Zx\nm`XpX�i7l�U¡�eL­)yq\^[*i � �Le »jg�\s[)i � � ��²e cYyq��cYi�ZÀZY\nm`X g`m`XpX�i ln\OiU_ ¨ g`iLZ �Jm`����eU[YZ g&© _`X6ii#�¹��iU�p[]\�m`XpX�i7lslOiAeq���`lQiU_pcÊ��m�_4cdlQ©^yq��mp�¹_;ij��u�l�lQi���cYiqX�g�g`i¢­)eq\s[b_&X�iAg`\s��iUX�Z!\nm4X\sXp[)i�c)X�eU[�\nm`X�e7lOi¥�`_&\tZr�¹_;i¼[!cYm`\OZ|eqX�Z��`ls_6Z�[��`[*V6lQi��U¡�iq\^®�¡ e l � a�_��e7»LX � VÊ­)mpc�[wg�_Zrm�_`[]\�iqX¦g`i�Z < c�\s[)eqXpXp\n�¹_;ijZrV4X�©se7}&eU\s[h��ejZ�¡�yjZ!\s[)y�¨�g&iU��eUX�g&i�c�¨AlOe ²�mp�q\nyU[)y�g&i�Z* eU[]\�m`X�Z g`iAcYiJ��m`XpX�e � [*cYi¢Zrm`X ��u'[)eU[S�«iU[hZxeA�JeU�&\^[*e lQi�º¼_4g`e »jg`eW=��H�T�oe+}\n�U[)m`\ncxi­�\sX�e7lOiFg`i�lO©sWx��eU��V��_&\`eFg¹µ�­)eq\ncYi�­*e��Ji�iUXp[*cYi+[*iU����Zo¨w_&X�i+X�m�_}&i7l^lQiFcYyU��iUlsln\nm4X¨ lQ©~uAZY[ � 6ªX�i���ejZr�¹_;i¯��ejZ���m`\sX�Z�lOeÈ­)cYe7z1\~lQ\^[*yÉg&iÉZrm`X eLZ/Z!\OZÀi¯[)cY\s��e7lOiL�A²&i�Zij­!­)mpc)[YZ·��m�_;c>��iU[][Yc!i Z)_�c°�p\niLg`V�e7}&i��¿lQ©^eq\ngpi g&ijZ·v�_4cY�LZxV¯_&X�i eJc���yLiz¹m�_�}�iLc�X�iU��iqXp[)e lQi|�¹_&\pl�\s��\s[!i�c!eU\s[�Zre¢g&yU��iqX�g`eUX��LiJVpy��q¡�m�_piqXp[Y� � ijZ'ZriL��m�_�Z7Zri�Zi#��[)i�c)X�ijZrV�X�y�i�Z�g`i���_4i�cYiUlslQi�Z�g`i }�m`\RZ!\sX�e z¹i�V�};m`Xp[�cYi7lQe »TiJc�iU[ÆeU���`ln\O­�\Qi�cªlCi[)c!m�_`�`lQi'X�y�g`iF��iLZÊ��c!iU��\��JcxijZ�ZxiJ��m`_�Z/ZÀiLZ ��[)c!e�g�\s[)\nm`XpX�i lslQijZ,�+\sXp[)iLc)X�ijZÀ�

� ��� E � �kI�X+q?sFub�#f� + � ^+P R ZF4 4+C,69E�K/Z#PkGwCSR#C,>AZF4LR1Ev^�Y�<`GH@��+;=C�;=ZFI�EJ4�R C � Z+6�CJN+U S,C?6`6�CJGw��� = ,�4'51038 1,,��8HX _ EB;=Pw69Xb� Pkl ;�CR C _ Z YJULCBX�q?s�n|�#f � >9fB<�DFE`GwCJI�C�4+K � E � �pI�XLq?sFu?t+f� � � ZF4�K�PpG>AEJ^LK�K�ZF^LK�R#C�I��JI�C{N�;=<BYBPw69C�;&mF^L8kPkG�C�69K/XL6 ^L; GwC{N GwEJ4�;=CJGwPkDbPQC�^41bXFNLEB;=K/PQY�^FGwPQ@�;=CJI�CJ4LK�GHPkI�PcK�<Ff��C � EJ:WR PH6 I�C C?69K'C�4)CW>=>ACBK!69ZF^Fl C�4LK&Y�PQK/< YBZFI1I�C� BGHE YBPk4Lm�^LPk@JI�CO<�YBZFGwCOok^+;=PcRFPcm�^LCORF^i6 ^ 4 4LPH6=I�C�� f��C?6 NL;=Pk4LYBPkN+E�GHCW6&R Pkl CB;/DFC�4+Y�C?6'R#Z Y�K�;=Pk4LEJGwC?6!69ZF4+K�R 8kZ ;=R+;=C,69C�^#GwCJI�C�4LK�>AZ+;AI�CJGLC�K ZF4LK K/;=E�PQK�MSGH8kE�N N+C�GLMGwE NL;=PQ@�;=CBX�M�GcE�N+ZL69PcK/PQZF4rR C?6xI�E�Pp4�6hR[^L;=E�4+K�YBC�K/K�C�N+;=Pc@B;=C CBK/Y�fST�EJU :WV C?69K�;=<JN ^LK/< E`l Z PQ;�NL;=Pc<N ^ �#GwPcm�^LCJI�CJ4LK 69C�GHZF4jGHCi;=PQK/CiYJULE?>A<�PcK�ChNLZ[^L;�69ZF^ GcPkD�4LCB;�GHEi>/EBPk�#GwC?6 69ChR#CW6�RFPw>=>A<B;=C�4+Y�C?6Va � ZF^ D?GHEW69Xq?sFubn�X?N�fku"b� � � E � �kI�X�q�s#uBt|X�N�fBt|� C�K ]]ZF^LE`^LR#XLq?sFu?tFX?N�f XF�#f� 6 � CJGcGHC R#C$GwE�K�;=Pk� ^h~�^L;=V�R�R PQ;=P D|<BC�N+E�;]GHC�Y�U+C�PQabU � y G � K1V?6=PQ;!EJGw}=� ^L;=R EB8 �/f��'EBK/KH^�a�q�s |sCb=X�YBC�GQ^ Pc}AY?PK/;=ZF^#l[CB;=EO�LPQC�4LK . K!M�69COl CJ4 D|CB;��+P GzN+E�;=K/PQY�PkN+C�;=E1E`^ YBZFI1I�E�4+R Zim[^[P�E�6`69E�6`69Pk4LCB;=E Gw8kPkI1EJI T�EJU :WV GwCq?n�>A<Jl[;=PQC�;]q�s�t uFf

� �

3#��3 � 'x��� ���)���!���;"�� ��� ��;%��� ��)�7� ��� � �6�� p�7�Y�" � � �/���#"'� � ��"+����;���Y��� (��#%�%��h��]� �!�"+�ª�&�h�7�&�T"+��� �

�oe>­)c!e z�\~l�\s[)yËgpi lQ©^iq���p\ncxi°m`[�[)m`��eqX ­]\sXp\RZÀZreUXp[�e°iqX���m�_;cYe7zy lQiLZ¯};i lslCyq\s[)y�Ze _&[)m`X�m`��\OZ![)ijZÀ� � iU�p_&\RZ ��¤ � ¬ VdÁ�_&¡�eU����eJg�e7l � W/g&c � ZÀZ � ���'eª�Jm`����iUX��Jy�VÊZxm`_�ZlQe�c!� zTlCi�m`[][)m`��eUX�iJV+¨�[�\ncYiJcªgpijZÆg`\~}\Og&iUX�g&ijZ���m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i�ZÆg`i Zre���cxyJg�\Q��eU[]\�m`XcYi7ln\^z�\�iU_�Zri�iU['¨�ZÀiª�Jm`����mpc�[)iLcFg`eqX�Z+lRi§ZY_;g�g�_�´^�FZ � cA�Jm`����i¼_&X�Zxm�_&}&i�c!eU\�Xg`iÈ�`lQi�\^XÂg&cYm`\s[Y� WYl�[)iqXp[)iÉ��iU_ ¨É��iU_ g&i ­)eU\ncxi cYiL��m`XpX�e � [)cYi�lO©se7_`[*m`X�m`��\Oi��m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i¥g`i§Zrej�Lm`X�i¥g`©~\sX�­tls_;iUX���i�Z�_4c�lOe¥�L�`[)iªg1_�´^�FZ � c'iU[�gpi ¸ e »���UX��`�om�_;c��c�\/��g`i�Zxm`X�Zxm�_&[)\niUX�e7_!� < c)\s[)eUXpXp\n�¹_;iLZA�Jm`Xp[)cYi�lOiLZ ��lslQiU��eqX�g4ZrV�\ loc!i�f�m`\s['i�X��¤��� Oe7_Èg&yU��e�c)[Ag&ijZ 0¥[][)m`��eUX�Z��¢lQijZ g&iU_]�¦��mpc�[YZ|[�\s¡��q��\RZ g&i±º¼_;g`e7»Tg&e±i�[g`©se7l � �#_&¡�e »J»Tej�¥��i$X�©siLZY[¦��_;©^¨�lQeÉ��mpc�[¦g&©^e7l � W g`c � Z7Z � iUX ��¤ � � ��_�i �|eq¡`»��cYiJ��m�_&}&cYi+_&X�i�Zrm�_}&iLcYeq\sX�iU[)y'��e�c�[]\�iUlslQi�Z!_pc�lQe��+�`[!iFg`iwlQe�v�\s¡��U��eL�� �jZ¦lOi½g`yq��e�c)[�g&i�Z�0¥[�[)m`��eqX�Z�iUX �1¤� � V���eq¡`»��$[)iqXp[)i$��e�c�eq\ lslQiU_;cHZ�gpiZr© \s���`lQeUXp[*i�c¥g`eqX�Z�lOiLZ¥��cYm`[)iL�q[)mpcYeq[YZ¥��c�\s[)eqXpXp\O��_�iLZ�g`i�Zre-­*cYm`Xp[�\n�Lc!i�²�_;g4�h�oecYyJe��q[�\nm`X���cY\^[*eUXpXp\n��_�i n��eU\OZ�y z¹e lRiU��iqXp[�lQeAcYyU[)\n�LiUX��Ji�gpiLZ�Z�_ln[)eqX�Z��U¡�eL­)yU\s[)iLZb�'=��}&e lQi ��m`Xp[*cYeU\sX�g&cYi ¨ Zri cYiU�`lQ\ni�cH�$���6cY�LZÂeU}&m`\nc ijZÀZY_»�y lQijZ ��c!iU��\�iLcxZ��m`����e�c!g`iq��iUXp[YZ�e�yJc�\niUX�Z�g&i«lQ©~¡p\OZY[)m`\QcYi|g¹_���e7»1ZÀV`\~l6g`m`\s[ocYiUX�m`X��Ji�c!Vpe _���m`\sX�Z��cYm�}¹\RZrm`\Oc!iU��iqXp[)V¨�ZrijZ��cYyU[*iUXp[�\nm`X�Z[)i�c!cY\^[*mpc�\ne lRijZ7��oe¢[)iqX�ZY\nm`X¦��_`\6m`�p��m�Zri�lQ© \s��eq� �|eq¡`»���¨¼Zrm�X�}¹m`\OZY\sX�´^����g�e7l � ´^�x� � �¥²ej´¶µ;g�¨��cYm`��m�Z g`i lQe Z)_����Ji�Z/Z!\nm`X gpi lQe ��c)\sX���\^��e7_&[)y \�g&cY\OZ/Zx\ng&i Zr©siUX`}&iqXp\s��iL��o©sm�­Y­)iqX�ZY\~}&i���_�i�lOeqX���i±lQ©sWH��eq� yJ�U¡�m�_;ij��hmpcxZÀ��_;© \sl�[*iUXp[)i�g`i���m`�p\^ln\OZxiLc¢lQi�Z[)c)\^�`_�Z�g¹_ * mpc!g¾gpi¯Zxm`XËcYm�»jeU_&��i�V+�`ln_�ZY\Qi _�cxZ�g`©siUXp[)c!i¯i7lslCijZÆ��cxyj­)�JcYiqXp[�iUXij­!­)iq[�Zxi�c!e lsln\OiJc�eU_-��eq����ZxeJm�_pg`\niqX��4�oe�ZxeqX��U[�\nmpX�ijZ![�_&X�i��U\sX`z1lQeUXp[)i�g`yL­)eU\s[!i��\~ln\^[*eU\Oc!ij�1�oiA��m`X�e�cY�1_;i¢i�Z![h�Jm`Xp[)cYeq\^Xp[og`i�ZY\~z�X�iLc�iqX ��¤��� Vp¨�vx��©~\O­)V�_&X�[)c!eU\s[)y��_&\ª�Jm`X�ZxeJ�LcYi OiUX [�¡�yJmpc�\niÉ��m�_;c�}\sX`z1[�eqXpX�y�iLZ�ls_&X�eU\ncxijZ�ZriU_�lQiq��iqXp[��B�=��lQe

� �E]!EJ:BULV�4 �cXLq?s:X Z�X�N�f WX$CBK�6A^LP l EJ4LK/C?6�[ � E � �pI�XLqBs uBt CBK ��E�GHR ;A:?XLq?sFub�#f� �9g]4 qWs |X&GwZ#;�6�m�^L8kP G�;=CJ4LR l Pw6 PcK/ChEJ^ 6A^ GHK/EJ4 R#C�55E`_�VB6=U+Pk�jR EJ4�6�69ZF4 NLEJGwEBPw6"R C�~�^�69E�:BI�Pc;=X GwCocZ[^L;A4LEJGwPc69K/C y I �k4�EJGw}E]!EJ:BULV�4 �L698kC�4Lm[^LPcCB;=K�R CSGH8kE�K�K/PcKH^+R C�R C{Y�C$R CB;A4LPQC�;�MSGH8k<�DFE�;=R1R#CW6 y 4 D�GwEBPw6&R 8 ^ 4LCNLEB;=K�CBK�R C Gw8kPkI�EJI T�EJU :?V R#8kE�^LK�;=C�N+E�;=K=f$��C?6 y 4#DbGwEBPw6�l C�;�69EBPcCJ4LK�EJGwZ#;�6)E�^ NLC�K�PcK 6 ^ GHK/EJ4 ^ 4LCEJGcGwZ#Y�EBK/PcZ[4jI�C�4�6=^+C`GcGHChR C�\!K/;=Z PH6�YBCJ4LK�;=ZF^ N+PcC?6 d?f�\!gSK 6=P]GH8 PpI�E�I�T�EJU :?ViK�ChR ZF4 4+E�PQK$GwE�I��JI�CYJULZL69C�X#KH^ mF^+PcK/K/CB;=EBPw6&GwC?6 y 4#D?GwE�PH6�� dS\ � CB;=K/EBPk4LCJI�C�4+K�NLE?6�d�;=<JNLZF4+R PcK�6�EJ4�6&UL<?69PcK/CB;�GHC�,�^ GHK/EJ4�f?\�3'^l Z Pw69X y I �p4LX GHCW6 y 4 D�GwEBPc69XLPpGw6�69ZF4LK�;=EBPw69ZF4 4LEJ� GHCW6Jf /=G 6eZ 4+K'M$GwEO>AZ Pw6 GwE 69EJD|C�6`69C�CBK$Gw8kEB;AD|CJ4LK=f � CB;=K/C?69XPkG/6$4+C 69ZF4LKeNLEW6 I1^�6 ^ GQI�E�4�6 CBK]GwC?6$I1^�6 ^FGcI�EJ4�6O69ZF4LK]4�ZL61>A;=@�;=C?6Jf+~iE�PH6$GHC�Y��{^L;=X y I �k4+XzPpG 69E�PQK;=CBY�ZF4+4LE��cK/;=C�GwC >A;=@B;=C�� C�K$GHE�NLZFGHPcK/PQm�^LCh4+CiYBZF4 4LE��cK mb^+C�GwE�4+<�YBCW6`69PcK�<bf'� CW6 5�E�_ VW6 ULPp�LX!PpGw6�6�Z[4LKYBZFI1I�C�GHCW6{YJULE?>A<�PQK/CW6{EJ^hT�<JI�C�4iCBK'R EJ4�6eGwC1� y 6 �Q; �FPkGw6{R <BK/C?69K/C�4+K�Gw80/ I�E�Ihf _ EW6$69C�^#GwCJI�C�4LK NLE�;=YBCmF^L8 PkG GwC`^+;�>AE�PcK�GHE�D?^+C�;=;=C I�E�PH6{<�DbEJGwCJI�C�4+K�NLEB;=Y�COmF^L8kPpGzC?6�K GwC`^L;SEBRFl CB;�6�EJPc;=C16=^+;]GwC N GcE�4);=C�GHPkDbPcCJ^�1 �YB8kCW69K+^ 4�YJULPkPcK�C � EJ:WRFPcK�C�CBKLPpG 6'69ZF4LK�63^ 4 4LPQK/C?6�d�X(]]EJ:�ULVJ4��QXLq�sYX:Z?X�N�fbs(Z#f��� � >9f � CBK/E�GQGwCBX�q?sbs�s fe~iE�PH6�GwC K/;=EBPcK/< R C � oQC�R R#E R#C o ^+Pk4 WZ(ZYZ CJ4LK/<B;=Pk4LCB;=E Y�CBK/K/C N+C�;9K/CjC?4<BK/E��#GwPw6`6 E�4LK+^#4LC,>A;=ZF4+K/Pc@B;=C�Pp4LK/CB;A4LE�K�PcZF4LEJGwC{m�^LPFY�ZF4�>APc;AI�CSD�GwZF� EJGwCJI�C�4+K�Y�CJGcGHCSRF^5K�;=E�PQK/<�R C�3]V�8kPH>9f

�1�

��iLZ/Z!\nm`X¦¨ lQ©Q�wc!eU�p\niªZxeJm�_;g`\^[*i�gpijZ���cYm�}&\sX���ijZFg1_�´^�FZ � c�iq[�g&i * e#(QcB�qX �J- ����iq[�[)ig`yL­)eq\^[*i�ijZ![¥�Jm`X�ZY\ng`yLc!y�i¦��m`����i³lQ©sy lRi��q[Yc!mp�U¡�mp��­)m`X�g`eq[)i _;c�g¹_ ��m�_}&iU��iqX�[X�eU[]\�m`X�e7lo��_&\�}&eJVdiqX ��¤T�&� Vdiq����mpc�[)iJcwlQe¼��iJcHZrm4XpX�i�g`i�lO©~\s��eU� �|eq¡`»��¥e }&eqXp[g`©siq����mpc�[)iJcYViUX ��¤ £L�V`ZxeFg¹» X�ejZ![�\ni+[)m�_&[#iqXp[�\n�LcYi����x�

3#��� � �;�«�6 � ��p���p�L�p"��'��� �¦=>�h���;�T"w�!���4� �)�" ¦������ ��"��7���j� ���7�Y�b"+���

�o©~\^����eJ�U[¦g`iÉlQe¾g&yj­)eq\s[Yi¾iLZY[¦g&m;_&�`lQi �¥g&eUX�Z�_&X�iÉlOm�z�\O��_4i$[)cYeJg�\s[)\�m`XpX�i7lslCilQ©sWH��eq�Âe«­*eU\~lsln\`¨AZxm`X�g&i }&m`\ncg`ix��DFBH/��NJP?D����TÁ¦eU\OZ�Z)_�c)[)m�_&[)V�lQex��[)cYeq¡p\RZrm`Xj�Fg`i�`ls_�ZY\Qi _�cxZÊ[!c)\^�`_6ZheFcYyU}&y7lCyF¨wlQ©syUl�\s[)i+_4c���eq\^X�i�lQi���cxm�­)m`X�gªg&yjZre�c!cYm`\&gpiwlQe�Zrm��U\nyU[!yc*_;c!eUlOiL�L�hm�_;cP@�_`��e7»Tc � V1lQ© _&X�g&iA��iU_!�¥�¹_&\;e lslQeU\niUXp[#[�\ncYiLc#��cYm�­]\^[g&iA��iAcYi7};i�cHZ g�_[)c��`X�i�V�lQ©syU�p\OZxmpg&i Zre�m�_;g�\niUX e �p\QiUX ��m`Xp[)c!y¿¨ lOe¿­)m`\OZ¾lQe ­*cYe7z1\~lO\s[)yÂgpilQ©se lslQy z¹i�eUX��Ji¯gpiLZ�[)cY\s�`_�Z CiU[Æg`m`X���g¹_½��m`X�g&i�c*_;cYe7l|[)m`_`[ÆiUXp[�\niLc=��[)m�_&[�i�Xg`m`XpX�eqXp[F¨ÆlQe���cYm`[)iLZY[)eq[�\nm`X���m`�`_lQeU\ncYiª_&X�i§��c!i���\��JcYi�i �1��cYiLZ/Zr\�m`X���m�l�\s[�\n�1_�i��mpg`iJc�X�iL� � t�s�s� � ��iLZ ��ejZÀZxi�Z X�©se }&eq\niUXp[ �`_ (~_�Zr�¹_;©se lQmpcHZ Zx©si �1��c�\s��iLce _&[)c!iU��iqXp['��_�i���e�c'g`iLZAc!y }&m`ln[)ijZ'[!c)\^��e7lQijZ«yU��e�c/ZrijZFm�_;V4lQm�cHZFg�_¦�Jm`X�­tln\s[�e7}&iL�lQijZ|²eJm�_pg\OiqX�ZxV#��e�c+lQe�g`yq��\RZ ZY\nm`X�g`ijZ«[Yc)\s�`_�Z���_`X���iJc�[)eq\sX¯X�m`����c!i�g`©siUXp[!cxii lslQi�Z Zr©syU[)eq\OiUXp[ c!iUX�g�_;ijZ iUX ij­!­)iq[ [)cx�LZ c!eU�p\ng`iq��iUXp[ e _!� ²e�m�_;g`\niUX#ZlQmpcHZr�¹_;©si lnlOiLZ�X�©syq[)eU\niUXp[���ejZ'��eLZ/ZryLijZFg&eUX�Z'lQiU_pc ��eq��������©sijZ![�eq\sX�ZY\��_�i¢lQ©syUl�\s[!i��mpg`iJc�Xp\OZ![)i+_;c���eU\sX�i'��c)\^[b��m`X�Zr��\�iqX���iA�1_pi�lCi'��iU_`�`lQi�}`\~}&eq\s[b_&X�iF��eU[*ejZ![)cYm`�p¡�iL�u�lslOiAZxi'��\s[#e lQmpcHZo¨+��eJc*lQi�cm�_`}&iJc�[!iU��iqXp[)V¨��Jc�\s[�\O��_;iLcblQeAZY\s[t_;eU[]\�m`X�V¨'��cB�`X�i�c�lQecYyL­)mpc)��i¼iq[�¨¥g&y }&iUlQm`�p��i�c�lQijZ«cYeJ�U\sX�ijZFg&i¥�LiÃ��m�_}&iq��iUXp[�g`i¢lO\s��yJcYeU[]\�m`X-�¹_;\e lslQeU\s[���eJcblQe�Z)_&\s[)i).q[)cYiF¨wlQ©smpc�\~z1\sX�iFg`iwz�cYeUX�g\nm�ZxiLZ�e��q[�\nm`X�Z$�L� � �

�oi�c!y z\s��i�}&e ��iLc�[*ijZAZr©^iqX`ze7ziJc l�_&\6e _6Z/Z!\�[!c!�jZ��6cYm�z¹cYiLZ7Z!\ };iq��iUXp[�g`eqX�Z_&X�i¯c!iUlQeU[�\~}&i�m;_}&iLc)[t_�c!i Z!_pcªlQ©siUX`}&\ncYm`XpX�iU��iqXp[�e�c!eU��i�iU[�mp�J�U\ng`iqXp[)e lC�'Á¦eU\CZ��e�c!e�g&m]�e lQiU��iqXp[)V`�JijZ�m�_};i�c)[�_pc!i�ZxV&e _�lO\ni _�g&i¢�Lm�_&��i�cdlQ©~¡�iLc���i¢Zrm�_�ZlCijZo�p\�iLgpZg`i�lQ©^m`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X�V�}&m`Xp[�Z)»ZY[)yq��eU[�\n�1_piq��iqXp['��m`Xp[*c�\s�`_;iLc�¨§Zreª��mpg`iJc�Xp\CZxeq[�\nm`X�ViU[�zc!m�Z/Z!\Oc�lOiA­tls_!�¥g`iLZheJg`iq�p[)ijZog`i�Z\ng`y�m�lQm�z�\OiLZÊ\n����mpc�[)yJijZÀ�

3. PORTEE ET LIMITES DU MOUVEMENT REFORMISTE (1930-1948)

�#�O.���� ()�p=>�;� �w�;"+ �������� � �¥��(��j������&=>�p"'�)�7��� È�p� ����=>�"�� �������=>��o�#�;=>�;"���"+�4� �)�"+���#=>�h���p�T"+��6���� �������������¦���O�#�;�j�1�*� � �

��� 3!;=CBE�K :,ZL>�/ 63GwEJI�PcY �;=PcCJ4LRL6 ULPkN�EJ4LR��';=Z#KHULCB;AULZLZ#RO�LC�KQ_�CBC�4�KHULC�S$Pk4#D|R ZFI�ZL> KHU+CST�CJI�C�4�EJ4�RKHULC*,�E�^LR#P y ;=E�� S{Pk4 DFR ZFI��bX�MND G)46(3 ��� 1C7$64Sac�Cb�EJl ;�PpGw}Ao ^LPk4hq�sFsb��X�E�;=K/PQY�GHC +f� � 3'ULC{;=CW6 ^FGwK�Pk4 D$GwZ+6 6&ZL> � y 6 �c; E�4LRBK1EJoc;=VJ4�Pc6'ZL>AK�C�4�K/EBaFC�4�K�Z�ULEJl CSNL;=Z[l[Z#a|CBR1KHULCe�LCJD|Pk4#4LPk4 D 6�Z�>Eh� I�Z R CB;A4LPw69K/8&ZFN N�ZL69PcK/PQZF4 K/Z K/U+C PpI�E�I 69X�_ ULPcYJU�DF;=C _ ^ 4LKHPpG KHU+C PpI�E�I�EBK/CB8c6OZFl C�;=K UL;=Zb_ KHULPc;=K�::?C�EB;�6�GcEBK/CB; � � ;=C?6�YJULX�q�sFs��bX�N�f� |n#f� �� ^#�LE�:?;��cX+q?sFub��X?N�fFq�Z#f

� �

�oe+��c!iU��\n�LcYi�zyqX�yJcYeq[�\nm`X�g`ijZ ��m`Xp[)iLZY[)eq[)eU\nc!i�Zhg&i+lOe'��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni)�Le7»Tg�\s[!iijZ![�cxyj­*mpc���\OZ![Yi�iU[�X�m`X c!y }&m�ln_&[�\nm`XpX�eU\ncYi¯�#ls_�Z¦��_�i lRi¯��iU[][Yc!i�¨¯��eLZxV�i7lslCiiUXp[*iUX�g Z)_;c�[)m`_&[Èm�_};c�\ncÉlQi Z)»ZY[)�q��i iq[ lQi ­)eU\nc!i y }�m�l�_;iLcH���oijZ$�\s��cYi1Z ��+eU[][)iUX�g&iUXp[Ëe }&eqXp[ [)m�_&[Ë��_p© _&X \s��eq� �wy�� lQeq\OcYy�� Z�_;�L�J��gpi ¨ _`X \s��eU�eU��Zrm�ls_&[�\OZY[)i�iU[���m`X�Zri�c�}�eU[)i7_�c�iq[���_;i lRijZ�}&i��q[Yi7_;c/Z�gpi�lQe���m`���ª_&Xp\n��eq[)\�m`X� _ln[�_;cxi lslCiJV³��m�ln\s[�\Q��_4i iU[$ZH�U\niUXp[�\O­]\O�¹_;i e };i��>lRi cYi�Z![)i g1_ ��m`X�g`i Zxm`\QiUXp[g`y7}&i lQm`�p��yLZ/�T�he�k�yU�`_&�pln\��1_;i�X�©^iLZY[e7lOmpcxZh��ejZ ¨+lO©smpc!g`cYiAg1_ (nm�_�cx�;� _ * mpcYg&V¹lQe��m`Xp[*ijZ![)eU[�\nm`X½Zxi���m`X��JiUXp[)c!i�g`eUX�Z�lRi�[)i�cxc!m`\�c�ZÀmp�U\ne7lFg`i±lQe (�iU_&X�iLZ7Zxi��Le7»Tg�\s[!iZr��m�lQe�c)\RZHy�i�g&eUX�Z�lQijZ¥��c!iU��\OiJcHZ�yq[)eU�`ln\OZ7ZriU��iUXp[!Z ����mpg`iJc�X�ijZ,�L�d�oe ��D�I�D�K]I�B]I� P!� D�PA�A#I���Vh�JcYy�yJi�iUX ��¤ �p£�g&eUX�ZAlQijZ¢lQmp�Je _!��g&i§lQe§�`lQe��Ji±²1¡�eJcYe�c!e�V�^lQe�­t_&[t_;cxi�`lQe��Ji vweU¡�c � c �|iqX�ijZ![�lQiª­!i�c'gpi¢lQeUX���iL��{¢X�i���e�cY[]\�i¥g&i§ZrijZ«yU[t_4g�\neUXp[YZ«��_;iÃlQi�Z�\s��cYi�Z¥g&yjZ!\~z1X�iqXp[|��m`����i§lQi�Z �wB�NJI�S��TSO��}&m�Xp[«��cYyJi�c�lRijZ ��cYiU��\Qi�cxZ�X�m�»Te7_S�g`i�lQe��Jm`Xp[)ijZ![)eU[]\�m`X�����IJA � I I«I � �OGJPED����'iq[�lOe (ni7_`X�iLZ/Zri�g`i�a�_&lOe7»L¡ ����� I I���IAI ��� F%� IJA#N�� � g¹_ X�m`� g`© _&X�i ��m�Zr��_4y�i°g&i°²eUX�eJe°m&% Zrm`Xp[�mpc*z¹eUXp\OZry�iLZÈg`iLZlQi��q[*_;c!i�Z'� lQeqX�g`ijZ![�\sX�i�Z'g&ijZwe _&[)iU_;cHZwiU[�cxi }_;ijZwe�cxeq��ijZ'c!yj­*mpc���\OZY[*i�Z�\s����mpc�[)yJi�ZiUX½­)c!e _;g`iL�w��_ ²�_;g`V��J©�ijZ![ g`eUX�Z�lQ©~\sXp[)iUlsln\ z�iUXp[YZ!\Oe���m`����iJcYfJeUXp[)i�iUX ��m`Xp[)eJ�U[e }�i�� lQ©syU��\~zc!eU[�\nm`X �¹_;i }&m`Xp[°Zri �JcY\OZY[)e7lslO\OZxiLc lQijZË��c!iU��\n�LcYiLZ·��c�\CZxiLZ·gpi��m`X�Zr�U\niqX���ij���oi$��yJ��m`Xp[)iqXp[)iU��iUXp[¦eÉz¹e z�X�y�VªiqX ��eJc�[�\ni¾e7_ ��m`\sX�ZxV¥[)cYm`\CZ��m`����m�ZreUXp[*ijZ¥g&i§lQe�Zrmp��\�yq[)yj��hiLZ � F%�~IqD�I�iU[�lQi�Z¥B�IBACAbP?D tg&m`Xp[�lQe�­)eq��\ lslRi�e l �Ç e+� � cYV�y7}&\^X��Jy�i g`© _&X ��m�_}&m`\Oc·�1_p©si7l^lRi e ��m�_;c)[)eUXp[·­�\ng`�7lQiU��iUXp[·ZxiJc�}\Q�cYyJ� lQeU��iqXp[�_`X�i'�`ls_�Z#zc!eUX�g`i'\sX�g`yU��iqX�g`eqX���i�VgpiLZ�cYyL­)mpc���iLZ � ��iq[�lQi�cxiU[*m�_pceU_S���c�\sX��q\^��iLZËg¹_ �Le »jg�\OZ!��iL�±�oijZËm�­Y­]\n�U\niLcHZËg`i lQe ��iU[�\s[)i eJc���y�iÂcYy7z1_l�\Q��c!iLV��m`�p\~ln\RZryjZ¥��eJc�lCi7_�c¢\sX�Z![!c*_��q[)iU_;c�\�c!eU®\niUX ¸ eq� � l ¸ eU� � lQV���m`����iqX���iqXp[|¨ .U[!cxie��J��_`\CZA¨�lQeª��m`Xp[*ijZ![)eU[�\nm`X���u'X�­�\sX���_�i7lC��_;i�Z+lQi�eLg&i�cxZ�[!c�\s��e7_]�³m`Xp['e��J��iU�p[*yªgpiZr©^eLZ/Zrmp�U\niJc¯e7_]� ��iU����c!i�Z�g1_Â��cYiq�±\ni�c��Li�c!�UlQi \sX�­)mpc���i7l�g`iLZ�m`�p��m�ZreUXp[!ZxV��IJA � I I I���OGJPED � � � iq[ X�i Zrm`Xp[ �`l�_�Z Z�»Z![)y���eq[�\n��_;iq��iqXp[ ¡�m�ZY[�\~lRijZ eU_!�cYi7}&iUX�g`\n�JeU[�\nm`X�Z g`i lQ©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X � ����v'm�_�Z�}&m`Xp[�i �1��c�\s��i�cÈiqX ­)eq\s[ � iUXiU���`lQm�»jeUXp[ g`iLZ°Zxyq��eUXp[�\n�1_piLZ¾[)cx�LZ$}&e�c)\neU�`lQi�Z � g`ijZ \�g&y�e7_]� e7_ ��m`\sX�Z��e�c)[�\ni lslCiq��iUXp[¦��e�c�[*e z¹yjZÀ����iU[�[*i ��[)iUX�g&eUX��Ji z&yqX�y�c!e lQi g&i lQ©~¡p\RZ![)m`\ncxi��$}&m`\s[��m`X`}�i�c*z¹iLc iqX iL­Y­*iU[ gpiLZ g`iq��eUX�g`iLZ cYiUlReU[�\~}&iq��iUXp[ g`\~}&iLcxZY\O­)\ny�iLZ/�L�oe­)m`X��q[�\nm`XpX�e ln\s[)yAg`i+lQ©sm`�p��m�Z!\^[]\�m`X�}&eAg&m`X�� .U[)c!i��pcYm`��mpc)[�\nm`XpX�i lslQiA¨¢ZxeA�JeU��eJ�U\s[)y¨ ­)yJg`yJcYi�c¾�LiLZ½g�\O­!­)yLcYiqXp[YZ°ZÀi7z1��iqXp[YZ¾��m�_;c$[!cYeqX�Zx�JiUX�g`iJc c!y�iUlslQiU��iUXp[�lQi�ZeU�p��eJc�[)iqX�eUX��JijZ���c�\s��eq\�c!i�Z���iUXp[)c!iÉ��\~lO\s[)eqXp[YZ¦gpi¯lOe¯v�\s¡��U��eÈiU[�g&ijZ¦¡�e _&[xZ�`lQeU[)iJe _!�V&iUXp[)c!i � D �&iU[B�IBACA#PED V`iUXp[*cYi+lCiLZh��iU����cxiLZ�g`iA�JiU[�[!iAeJc�\OZY[*mp�LcYeU[]\�iAiq[�lCe

� + y l EJ4LK+I���I�CeGwE{Y�;=<BE�K�PcZF4 69ZF^�6&YBCS4LZFI�R 8 ^#41NLE�;=K�P R 8kZFN N+ZL69PcK/PQZF4LX�Gw8kEJN NLCJGcGHE�K/PQZF4�R C?6 \S��Pk�+;=CW6 d�ER <?69PkDb4+<�RFPkl CB;�6�CB6!>AZ ;AI�C?6 N Gk^�6�ZF^1I�Z#Pk4�6�Z#;AD|EJ4LPw69<BCW6�R#8kZFN NLZ�69PcK/PQZF4�E`^�;=<JDbPkI�C�R#C]Gw8kPkI1EJIrT�EJU :?V$f� � � CW6$;=<?>AZ+;AI�CW6$m[^L8kPkG/6$;=<�YJGwEJI�CJ4LK!;=CBocZ#PkDb4+C�4LK]CJ4 NLE�;=K�PcC1Y?CJGcGwC?6$R C?6$� Pk�L;=C?6 �#^ 4LC1;=CBR Pw69K/;=Pp� ^LK/PQZ 4N GQ^�6 <�m[^[PQK/EJ� GwCBX�GwE >/Pp4 R#CW6 NL;=<�GH@�l CJI�C�4+K�6 63^L;jGHCW6 69E`GHE�Pk;=C?6 R#CW6 6�Z[GwRFE�KA6�X�GcE�;=CJGwE 1bC�CBK GHE;=<JULE��+PkGwPQK/EBK/PcZF4 R C?6{NL;=PH6�Z[4 4LPcCB;�6{NLZ[GwPcK�Pcm�^LC?6�f+��E 4LZFI�Pp4LE�K�PcZF4 R P 1�EJ4�6{N Gk^�6$K . K]R 8 y U#I�E�R)Y�Z[I1I CNL;=Pp4LY�C�UL<B;=PcK/PQC�;OGHCW6�EJl E�PQK�Pc;=;=PQK/<W6"I�E�PH61PpG 6"4L8k<BK/E�PQC�4+K�MhGH8k<�N+Z|m[^LChN+EW6�CJ4jI�CW6 ^L;=C)R C);=<�EJDbPc;`f�/ G 669ZF^LK/Pp4L;=CJ4LK�R ZF4LY{K/;=@?6�GHZFD|PQmb^+C�I�CJ4LK+GwCeI�ZF^ l CJI�C�4LK+^FGHK/<�;=PQC�^+;�R C]GH8kZFN NLZL69PQK/PcZF4 f� ���,4LC$I�Pk4+ZL;=PQK/<�C?6�K&;=<�CJGcGHC�I�CJ4LK�E�YBmF^LPH69C�E�^411;=C�l CJ4LR PcYBEBKwPQZF4�6eR CW6 \ � ( <C:I C�d�^L;A�LEBPk4�6�X#GwCO6�CBYBZF4�RD|;=Z[^ NLC N#Gc^�6�K/;=EBR|PQK/PcZ[4 4LCJG569ZF^ ULEBPcK/C 69C`^ GwCJI�CJ4LK1R PkI�Pp4 ^LCB;1GH8kPk4 DF<�;=CJ4LYBC�R C�Gw80/=I�EJI R EJ4�6�GwCJ^L;�6E?>=>AE�Pc;=C?6Jf

���

� lQeLZ/Zri gpiLZ�z&cYeqX�g4Z���m`����iJcxf�eUXp[!ZxV�iqXp[)cYi �Le »�g\^[*ijZ�iU[�Z)_&XpXp\^[!iLZ�iqX�­�\sX�V�¨lQ©~\^X�Z![)eJc>g1_ [)eqX�g`iU� g`i�Z ­*m`X�g`eU[*i _;cHZ gpiLZ>�\s��cYi�Z g&m`Xp[ lQ© _&X ^lQi � D��Á�_&¡�eU����e�g Á¦eq¡p�ªµpg eUl � @w_&��e7»Tc � V �1¤��¤��x��¤ £ � ��ijZ![³_&X �Le »jg`\^[*i$X�eU[�\O­¦gpi²eUX�eJe�Ve lQmpcHZ ��_4i+lQ©^e7_&[)cxi ]��¡p��e�gªÁ�_&¡�eU����eJg * _�´ � �UX ��¤ � ¤j�/��¤1¤ £F��iLZY[#_`X�U¡�eL­)yq\^[*i+- ��X�y�e7_$Z)_;gÈg`i§vwe�iL������iq[�[!i§lCiqXp[)i§z¹ijZx[*eU[�\nm`XÈ��iU[�[*cYe��1_`\sX��Li�eqX�Z��m�_;cÊg&yU��m`_p�q¡�i�c�ZY_;cd_&X�iAcYyLi7lslCi�\sX�ZY[]\^[C_`[)\nm`XpX�e ln\CZxeq[�\nm`X��1�Ji+X�©sijZ![��_p©siqX ��¤��1� V��_;iÆlQi�Z|g`\nc�\~z&iJeUXp[YZ�i#�1\slOyLZ|¨³�wg`iqXÉ­*m`X�g`iqXp[+_&X$­t_z�\s[�\O­����oe�c�[]\hgpijZA�\s��cxijZ,���_&\¯ZÀiJcYe cYiq���`lQe���yJV³lQ©seUXpX�yJi Z�_&\^}�eUXp[)i ��eJc _&X�i ����c!eUX�g&i �FZÀZxmp�q\�eq[�\nm4X�|yU��yqXp\^[*i��F�¹_&\X�i�Z)_�c*}¹\^}&c!e+��ejZoi lslQi � �r.U��iF¨wlQ©sy��U¡�iJ��g&i ��¤��&� ��oi ��m�_};iU��iqXp[�c!yj­)mpc)�±\OZ![)i�g`iU��i _4cYiJcYe�iUX ­!eq\^[ �°[*m�_`[Æe _¾lQm`X`z g`i�Zxm`Xi#��\RZ![)iqX���i � ��e�cY�1_;y ��eJc Zxm`X ��e�c!e��q[)��c!i �Jm`����m�ZY\s[)iL� u'X [)eqXp[��_;©^eqXp[�\n�U¡�eq����cYi�g�_¾��m�_&}&iU��iqXp[�c!yU�`_&�`lO\n��eq\sX�V�\ lF}&e���i�c)[!ijZ�iqXp[Yc!i�c���e�c¼lQez¹cYeUX�g&i���mpc�[)i�g`eqX�Z�lQ© ¡p\OZ![)m`\ncYi�g`i±lQe���mpg`iJc�Xp\OZÀeU[]\�m`X ��m�ln\^[]\���_;i�g¹_ � yU��iqX�V��eU\OZ�ZxiLZ�cxyLZY_ln[)eU[YZ���m�ln\s[�\O�1_piLZª[*eUX`z�\^�`lQi�ZÆeU�p��eqcYe � [)cYm`Xp[¢lQm`X`z�[)iU����ZÆ��m`����i��e�c)[�\n� _lO\n�Lc!iU��iUXp[¥­)eq\s�`lCijZÀ�ÊvwcYm`�½y7l�\s[)\OZY[*i�ZxV+Zri�Z�­)m`X�g`eq[)i _;cxZ¼}&m`Xp[ y��q¡�m�_�iJcª¨m`��y�c!i�c lQe (nm`X��U[�\nm`X¦iUXp[*cYi¢lQ©^eJc�\OZ![)mp�LcYeq[�\ni _;c)��eU\sX�i¥g¹_ * mpcYg�iU[ÊlQi�Z�X�y7zmp�q\neUXp[xZg¹_�²¹_;g�g&© _&X�i���e�c)[)V#e }&iJ�ÃlQi¼��m`X�g&iªc�_�cYe7loiU[hlCijZA­*mpcY�LiLZAg&iÃlQe¥��m`Xp[)iLZY[)eq[�\nm4X�[)c)\s��e lQi��È[!cYeJg�\s[�\nm`XpX�i lnlQi - � g&©^e7_&[)cYi ��eJc�[Y���he½[)iL��¡pX�m�lQm�z1\ni°c!yU}&m�ls_`[)\nm`XpX�eU\nc!i��_;© \slCZ���iU[][YiqXp[�iUX �+_`}&c!i lQi ��¬ ­)y7}pc)\niLc �1¤T�&� i�X�eLZ/ZrejZÀZ!\^X�eqXp[ÊlQ© \s��eq� �|eq¡`»��Zri¢c!y };� lQi|iUX�[)m�_&[oyU[)eq[hg`i|��e7_�Zri¢g&i��p\niqX��p\n�U[)cxi���_;e ln\s[!yj�1�oi _4c��Jm`���`lQm`[he|iUXij­!­)iq[�yq[)yÈy };iUXp[)yÈiq[�Zri�Z¦ejZÀZY\OZÀiLZ���m�ln\^[]\O��_�iLZ¦gpy }&m`\~lQyLijZ¦g&eUX�Z�lQiÈgpyU[)eq\ l¼eU_��m`X�g`i�iUXp[�\ni�c|�`l^_6ZY\niU_;c/Z (nm�_;c/Z¥e7}&eUXp[�Zre±��\OZri�iUX �+_};cYij�#�oe�Z)_`�p��c!i�Z/Z!\nm4X�p¡`»1Z!\n�¹_;i�g&i lQ©^Wx��eU� ¨ lQeJ��_;i7l�lQi lQi�Z��Jm`XS( _;cxyLZ���cYyj­*��c!iUXp[�cYiL�Jm�_;cY\�c ���m�_�c!Vg�\nc!m`Xp[ � \ l]ZxV���cYy7};iUXp\ncÉZrm`X m�­!­)iqX�ZY\~};i � �/� e ln\n�UX�iËe _!�ÂcYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eU\nc!ijZ�_pX6i��e�c)[�\ni g`i lO©sm`�p\sXp\nm`X lOmp�Je lQi iq[ ��_;iUlQ�¹_;i�Z Zxm�_&[�\niUX�Z �pX�m`[)eq����iUXp[��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\n��_;i�Z � yU[*cYeUX`z¹iLcHZÀ�p�o¨¼X�©sijZ![���ejZ'lQi _;c�ZHi _lCi�i�cYcxi7_�ch��\~lCZFX�©^y7ln\^��\sX�iqX�[��ejZ§��¡p��e�g&V���m�_;c�[)eqXp[�lRi-Z!_p�J�LijZÀZÀi _4c¥g`y�Z!\ z�X�y�g&i³lQ©~\s��eU� cxy7z1X�eqXp[Y�Ê�oi _4c/ZcYeqX`z`Z Zxm`Xp[Fg`i�ZY_;cY�Lc!m � [�g`\~}&\OZxyLZ/� * \ÊlQeª��iJcHZrm`X�X�e7l�\s[)y�g&©�´n����g`e7l^lQeq¡�e7l �OÇ eL� � c!V��cYmp�7lQeU��y \s��eq� ��e�cÄlQiLZ cxy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eU\nc!ijZrVÉXp\�lQijZ ��yU[�¡�mpg&ijZ gpi �Li

� 6 /=GLC?69K�K/;=@W6&PkI�NLZ ;9K/E�4+K�R C{4LZLK�C�;=XFEJl[CBY � ZF^ D�GwE?6�X�mF^LCe\�3'ULCeGwEJ�LC�G/69X E�:?RFPc8 ��EJ4LR� ,?U+EW>�Pw� PQ8 ��X|EB;=CYBZF4�69PcR CB;=CBRjPkI1NLZ+;=K/EJ4LK/Xe� ^LK$GHCW6`6�>AZ ;�K�ULCJ:7KA;=EBR PcK/PQZF4LEJG,;=CJGwP DFPcZF^�6�YBZF4 4LZ#K/E�K�PcZF4�6xKHULEJ4 >AZ ;�KHULCBPH;YBZ ;=;=C�GHE�K�C�R�6�Z#Y�PQE�G�Y�U+E�;=EBY�K�C�;=PH6�K�PcY?6 �#f&/=G+4LZF^�6]R ZF4 4LC�69EJ4�6]R ZF^LK�C�GHE{I�C�PpGcGwCv^L;=C�6=:B4LKHU+@W69C�6 ^L;�Gw8kE?6`69Pc6�C69Z YBPcEJGwC$R C$GcE�R[:�4LEJI�PkmF^LC ZFN NLZL69PQK/PcZF4#4LC�GQGwC 3'ULC EJ:?R|P � ( <C I<C�K/CJ4LR CBR K�Z��+C >A;=ZFI KHULC$4�Z ;=K�UxZ+>T�CJI�C�4LX�KAZ)ULEJl[C�E�4 ^+;A�LE�4�CJGwPQK/C�CBRF^LYBEBKwPQZF4LEJG'�LEBY�a�D|;=ZF^#4LR X�K/Z)ULZFGHR)4LZ#I�Pk4LEJG'NLZL69PQK/PcZF4�6�Pp4�KHULC/=I�EJI�8c6&E�RFI�Pp4LPw69K/;=EBK/PQZF4LXFK/Z1N+ZL6`6�C?6`6!>AEBPc;AGQ:,YBZF4�69CB;Al[EBK/Ppl[C?6 NLZFGwPQK/PcYBE`G lFPcC`_ 6&E�4+R X�� :�l Pc;=K ^LC�ZL> KHU+CW69CYJULE�;=EBYBK/C�;=PH69K/PcY?69XzK�Z)�LC�K/PQC�R K�Z KHULCQ�!4� 14'51� H*53= Y�ZF4+Y�CB;A4LPk4#DiKHULC E�:?R P'PpI�E�I1E�K�Cbf43'ULC�,�ULEW>APH� Pc69XzPp4YBZF4LK/;=E?69K/X�6 ULE�;=CBR�4LZi6 ^LYJUiPkI1N GHPcYBPcK!6 ^ N#NLZ ;=K!>AZ ;SK�ULCOPkI�EJI�E�K�Cbf 3'U+C�:�_�CB;=C K�:BNLPcYBE�GQGc:1C�4#D|E`DFC�RhPp4K/;=EBR C�EJ4LR1EJD|;=PQY`^ GwK ^L;=C�XFEJ4LR1;=CJGcE�K/P l CJGc:�>AC�_j_�CB;=C�EB6�_ C`GcGLCBR�^LY�EBK/CBR1EW6&KHULC E�:?R Pw69X�E�4LR1CJl C�4 >AC`_�CB;ULCJGwR DFZFl C�;A4 I�CJ4LK"NLZL69K�6Jf�5�Zb_�CJl C�;�KHULCJ: Y?Z[4�69K/PcKH^+K/C�R K�ULC � ^ GHa Z+>�K ULC T�CJI�C�4+P�C�I�PpD|;=C?6hPp4g]^L;=ZFN+C�X y >A;=PQY�E�EJ4LR�K�ULC$~iPQR RFGwC gSEW69K�E�4+RhKHULEBK�Y?ZF4LK/EBY?K�_�PcK UxK�ULC�_ ZL;AGHR�ZF^LK�69PcR#C$T�C�I�CJ4hI�EBR CKHULCJI�I Z ;=C�E _ E�;=C�ZL>eNLZFGHPcK/PQY�EJGwX�CBY�ZF4+ZFI�PcY�E�4LR�69Z YBPcEJG!R CJl|CJGwZ[N I�C�4�K�6 Pk4�Z K ULC?;$Y�ZF^#4LK/;=PcC?69X�E�4LRKHULCB;=C?>AZL;=C{ZL>T�C�I�CJ4L8c6&;=C�GHE�K/Ppl C]�LE�YBa�_ E�;=R[4LCW6`6 � f � ZF^ D?GHEW69XLqBs#uWn���N�f Ft Z#f� � � >� ^L;AD|EBK�CBK � E�I1�+C�;AGHPk4LX ZYZ Lf� � � Z[4LK�Y�ULEBYJ^ 4LX+ok^�69m�^L8kM�YBC$ocZF^L;=X�69C$R C�I�EJ4LR C NLZF^L;=mF^+Z P�C`GcGHC{4L8kE$NLE?6SCJ^�GcPQC�^�NFGc^�6]K . K/X#GwE 6 E�4LKA<K/;=@?6'R#<�DF;=E�R <BC�R#8 ^ 4 69ZF^Fl CB;=E�Pp4 lFPcCBP GcGcPw69EJ4LK+4L8kC 1?N GHPkmF^ E�4+K+NLEW6&Y�CBK�<�K�ZF4 4LEJ4�K�PpI1I�ZF�LPpGwPw6 I�C�f

�L�

��m`X�e�c!��_pi � ��m`X�Z![�\s[�_&[�\nm`XpX�i lz���1_&\¢Zr©^iLZY[ ��m;_;c�[!eqXp[¥iUX`z¹e z¹y�¨¦cYijZ!��i��q[!i�c¼lQi�Z[)iJc���ijZ g&© _&X�i �F�h¡�eJc�[)i ZxeJ��cxyJi�� lO\s��\s[)eUXp[ Zxm`X ��m�_�}�m`\�cB-W� X�i ­)m`Xp[lQ© _`X�eqXp\s��\^[*y¢��e�c)��\�lQi�Z'��m`XS(s_;cYy�ZÀ�6��¡p��e�g±��cxiqX�g§lQe¢[�.U[*i¼g&i¢lOe cYyU�6cYiLZ7Z!\�m`X¦i�[��e�c�}\niUXp[-e }&iJ� _&X�i°yq[)m`XpX�eUXp[)i°­)eJ�U\~ln\s[)y ¨½cYiq[!m�_pc)X�i�c�lQeÄZx\s[t_;eq[�\nm`X ¨ÄZrm`Xe }�eUXp[)e7ziL��Wrlo­)eU\s[�i#�yJ� _&[)iLc�Zrm`X��U¡�e lslQiUX`z¹iLc'e l �tÇ e+� � cx�`v'cx�LZ+}¹\^[*i�V�[!cYiqXp[)i � �U\sX6�g`iLZ�g�\ncY\~ziJeUXp[YZ�g`iLZ1���\s��c!ijZ,�|m�_�g`i�lOiU_;c/Z���eUX�g&eU[)eq\ncYijZ���\~lO\s[)eq\ncYi�Z���_p\pX�©sm`Xp[�`_ ­t_&\nc�¨§lQ©syU[)c!eUX`z¹i�c¼Zrm`Xp[|g`yJ��eU�p\s[!yjZÃiUXÈ�`lQe��Ji³�`_&�`ln\n�¹_;ij�#�oe�­�\sX�i�­ClQi _�c g`ilQ©~\^Xp[*i lslO\~z¹iUXp[YZ!\ne�yJ� lQeU\QcYyJi�iLZY[ iU����c)\tZrm`XpX�y�iJV ��m�_4c�g`i±lQm`X`z�_;i�ZÃeUXpX�y�iLZxV�g`eqX�ZlQijZA­*mpc�[)iLc!ijZÀZÀijZFg&i¼º�e (/(�e¥m�_¦g&©seU\~lslCi _4cHZÀ�b� e _4� _pX¦��m`��iUXp[)VplO©~\s��eU� ��¡p��eJgX�i Zri$¡�i _�c)[)i¾¨É_&X�iÉ}�yLc�\s[)eU�`lQi½cYyLZx\OZY[)eqX���i$�6m`�`_lOeq\ncYij�§� _Â�Jm`Xp[)cYeq\OcYiA�¢lQe��e#(nmpc)\^[*y¾g`ijZ-[)cY\s�`_�ZrVª�J©sijZ![ � ¨ � g\ncxiÉlOe Zrmp�U\nyq[)y c�_;cYe lQiJV§Zrm`\^[�_&X6i¾y���c!ejZreUXp[!i��e#(nmpc)\^[*y gpi lQe ��m`�`_lQeU[�\nm`X�V½e ��c�\CZ¿��ejZÀZx\~}&iq��iUXp[ ��e�c)[�\·�Jm`Xp[)cYi lQi�ZcYyL­)mpc)��\RZ![!ijZÀ�w�ÂlQ©~\sX`}\s[)eU[]\�m`X gpi±lO©~\s��eU� ��m`Xp[)cxi � c!y }&m�ln_`[]\�m`XpX�eq\ncYi�V�lQijZ¥[!c)\^�p_�Z��_&\ªlO©sm`Xp[�Zrm;_&[)iqX`_ Zxi$lO\~}&cxiqXp[�¨$_&X Zre��¾��e�cY[]\��7_`ln\n�LcYiq��iUXp[���c�_&[)e l�g&i lQe��eq�p\s[)e lQi#-�-/�²eUX�eJe±iq[¢Zrm`XÈy ln\s[)i±\sXp[)i7lslCi��q[�_pi7l�lQi�m`Xp[|yU[)y�\ngpiUXp[�\O­�\nyLiLZ�¨ªlQe±�JejZ![!i\s����m`�`_lOeq\ncYi�g`ijZ eJc�\tZ![)mp�JcYeU[*ijZ g�_�Zre }&m`\QcAiU[«¨Æ_&X�i�cxyU��i7l�ln\nm`X¯\slslOy7z\s[�\s��i±g&��ZlQmpcHZ��¹_;©si lnlQi-}\CZxeq\s[¼_&X°��m`X�e�c!�¹_;i���m`X�Z!\�gpyJcYy��Jm`����i-lQi�cYiq��c!yjZriUXp[)eqXp[�gpi� \ni _¾Z)_�c|[)iLcYc!ij����iq[�[)i±[*cYeU¡p\CZxm`XÈ��m`�`_lQeU\ncYiJV���_p\'ZY\~z�X�i±lO©syJ�U¡�iL��g1_È��cYiq��\OiLc��m�_}&iU��iqXp[¥g`i���mpg`iLc)Xp\RZreU[]\�m`X¾��m�ln\s[�\Q��_;iJVw[*cYeU_&��eU[�\OZriLcYe¦g¹_;cYeq�`lOiq��iqXp[¢lQi�Z���Ê\s��c!ijZ,�ªiq[�lQiU_pc/ZF\ng`yJm�lOm�zT_�iLZ/�#��c!eU\~z�X�eUXp['�JiU[�[)i�}\~lslCiª��_;©~\^loeÃlQeq\RZÀZryªcYe7}&e z¹iLciU[|m&% \ l���iU[�[)c!e�Zxiq�p[|eUXpX�y�iLZ¥¨�m�ZHi�c¥cYiU}&iqXp\Oc¢[!eqXp[A\ lFZr© »�ZreU\s[|\^����m`�`_lQeU\ncxiJVlQ©~\^��eq� ��¡p��e�gÈZx©~\sX�ZY[*e lslQi�g`��Z|lOmpcxZ¥¨§vwe�iL���¹_p\'Zri�cYe�lOi�Z!\n� z&i�g&i§lQ©~\^��eq��eU[(~_�ZÀ��_p©s¨AZxe'��mpc�[#iqX�Zxiq�p[)iU����c!i ��¤ £ �`�

�#��3 ���Y��*� �;���j��� �p=>� ������� �;� ���h�!���*"+� �����;"+�!� ��=>�����Y�4� �;����� �p��#�� ;� �;���L����������=>�h���;�L"+�Y����/�!�"

�oijZ ��y�g`\neU[)i7_�cxZ½g`i>lQe ��mpg`iJc�Xp\CZxeq[�\nm`X Zrm`Xp[È�ª_�ln[�\s�`lQi�Z¾��eq\RZ \ l]ZcYyq��m`X�g`iqXp[he }�eUXp[Ê[*m�_`[o¨+_&X�\ng`iUXp[]\���_;i|cxi#(niU[og`i�lQ©~\OZxm�lQeU[]\�m`XpXp\OZ!��i¢g1_�cxy z�\s��i���oijZ�lOiq[�[)cxyLZ+ZHi¢g&m`XpX�iUXp[Ê��eJc [*m�_�Z���m�»TiqX�Z�eJ�L����Z�¨A[)m�_&[)ijZ�lOi�Z�X`_;eUX��JijZwg`i�lQeln\s[�[)y�c!eU[�_;cYi�g`i¢lQeªcYiqX�eU\OZÀZxeqX���i�X�eU[�\nm`X�e7l�\OZ![!i CGJI�NSDqI ��e�c!eU��ij�&�hiª­Cl^_!��g`iLZ�\ng`yJi�ZiU[og`iLZ�[*i��U¡pXp\Q��_pi�Z��1_pi�lQi���m�_}&mp\ncwZri�c!ij­t_6Zxi|¨A\^����mpc)[)i�c!V�Zx©se7l�\s��iqXp[)i¢¨|g`iU_!�Zrm�_pc!�LijZ'��c)\^X���\s��e7lOiLZ��&lOiLZ�}&\RZ!\s[)iU_;c/ZxV�\^X�g\~}`\ng1_�ZFm�_���\OZÀZY\nm`X�ZFg`i¥�Jmpm`��y�cYeq[�\nm4X[)iJ�U¡pXp\n�¹_;ijZ g`© _&X�i$��e�c�[*VÃlQ©syU��\^z¹cYeq[�\nm`X¿m�_ lQijZ���\OZ/Z!\nm`X�Z�g`i ­*mpc���eU[]\�m`X ¨lQ©syU[)c!eUX`z¹i�cÊg&©se _&[)cxi+��eJc�[Y�

���������W���*�735�!�"��2 �:3 ��� -6�'353W�78�%43 ���"�:��%4��������3

��� 3!;=EBRF^LPcK�C,CBK�YBZFI1I�CJ4LK/<BC{NLE�;&E�GH} y U 4LE?>AX WZ(ZYZ#f ,�8kCJ4�6 ^ PcK�K�ZF^LK/C{^ 4LC�69<B;=PcC�R#C,YBZF4�69PQR <�;=EBK/PQZF4�6S6A^+;GwEeI�<�K ULZ R C$R 8k<JGwCBY�K�PcZF4�R C{GH8kPkI�EJI�X[6 ^L; GH8kZ ;AD|EJ4LPw69EBK/PcZ[4�R 8 ^ 4LCe4LZF^ l CJGcGwC{E�R[I�Pk4LPc69K/;=EBK/PcZ[4�Y�ZFI�NLZL69<?CR 8 ^ 4+C y 6`69CJI1� Gw<BC � ZF4�69K/PQKH^LEJ4LK/C�CBK�R 8 ^ 4 _ EB;AGwCJI�C�4LK f��� ,bK�Z Z aFC�:?X�q?sbnFn�X?N�f� W[ � CJ4 4LCB;=X�q?s X:X�XbN f|q,ZF�#f � >9f�GHC�;=ZFI�Ev4�R C,� y �LR1E`Gw} � EvG �cX+q�s#uWs#f

���

�oijZ }\OZx\s[)iU_;cHZ yU[)c!eUX`z¹iLcHZrV i#���`lOmpc!eU[)iU_;c/Z iUX ��e l g&©^i �m`[�\CZY��iJVcYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eq\�c!ijZrV���c!m�­)ijZ ZY\nm`XpX�i lCZ�m�_Æ��iU���6cYiLZ�g&i���\OZ/Z!\nm`X�Zh[)i��q¡pXp\O��_�iLZ�m`_��\~ln\^[*eU\Oc!ijZFg&i¼�Jmpm`��y�c!eU[�\nm`X�V�m`Xp[�[)m�_�ZxV6g`i¥g�\~}&iJc/ZxiLZ'��eUXp\n��c!i�ZxV{(nm�_;y¢lQiU_pc'c���lCig`eqX�Z�lQe¼�Jc�\OZ![)e lnl�\OZreU[�\nm`X-g`i¢lQe¼�Jm`Xp[)ijZ![)eq[�\nm`X��`�o©^i+��[)cB.q��i¼c!y�ZxiJc�}&i¥g`i�lO©sWx��eU� ¨lQi _4c�y z¹e�c!g`V�� .U��i�lQmpcHZÀ��_;©^\~loe¼��c)\RZ'lQ©~\^Xp\s[�\neq[�\^}&i�g`i�lOiLZ¢­*eU\ncYi�}&iUX�\ncYV���m`Xp[)c!iª¨��_;iUl`��m`\sXp[�\~l;cYiJg`m�_&[)i'[)m�_&[YiLZdlQiLZÊ\sX�­tln_;iUX���i�Zoi#��[)y�c)\�iU_;cxiLZ/�� �jZ ��¤ ���¹V�lOi (nm�_�c)X�e ln\OZY[)iAl�\s��eqX�eU\OZxV6��� � X�e l � k�eU» ¡��UX � eJV`��e lszc!y«lQeA��e _}&eq\RZri}&m�lQm`Xp[)yAg&ijZ�eU_&[)mpc)\^[!yLZh��cY\s[)eUXpXp\n��_�iLZxV&cxy _�Z7Z!\p¨��6yUX�yU[*cYiLche _ �|yq��iUX�g�_ * mpcxg��m�_;cw»§cxiUX���m`Xp[*cYiLcwlQ©sWx��eU� iU[wg`y��Lc)\Oc!i§Zrm`X�cYm�»�e _&��iL� � i7_!��eUX�ZF�`l�_�ZF[)e�c!gpViUX ��¤ � � V��J©^iLZY[¾´^����g e7l � ��� � � v�¡�eL´w� lQeU� � V±lQi�e�g&i�c$X�eq[�\nm`X�e ln\OZY[)i [C_`Xp\OZ!\OiqX�V­)m`X�g&eU[)i7_;c�g�_°G��)E3��D�@CB"ICECF�KÃ��_&\nV+��c!m�­�\s[)eqXp[ªg&i-lQ©ni#�1\~lA��m�ln\s[)\n�¹_;i¯­)mpcx�Jy�eU_p�1_;iUllQ©sm`Xp[���m`Xp[*cYeU\sXp[¥lOiLZ�e _&[)mpcY\s[)yjZ�­!c!eUX�f�eq\OZxiLZxV���eJc�}\sXp[�¨�Zxi�­)eq\�cxi�\sX`}\s[!i�c�iq[�¨��cYiqX�g`c!i�lQe�cYm�_&[)i�g&©Q�wgpiUX¦¨�²eqXpe�eL�1v�¡�e�´w� lQeq� � }¹e¢X�m�X�Zri _lQiU��iqXp[���m`X�Z!\ z�X�iLc_&X�i¯g&ijZÀ�Jc�\s�p[�\nm`X·�Jm`Xp[)cYeLZY[)yLi�g`i�lQ©syU[)eq[�g�_½��e »�Z � � ��eU\OZ (nm�_piLcª_&X·cB��lRi�gpi��eq[)e ls»�Zxi7_�c¥gpi±lOe¦��m`X�Zr�U\niUX��Li�X�eq[�\nm`X�e ln\OZY[)iJV�[)m`_p[|��e�c)[�\n� _`ln\n�LcYiq��iUXp[¥e7_ ²¹_;gp���iJc�[)eq\^X�ZÆm`��Zri�c�}&eq[)i _4cHZ¥}&m`\OiqXp[¥g`eqX�Z±Zre³}&iqX`_;i ��lQ©syU[�\sX��Ji l�lQi¦�¹_&\Ac!eUXp\s��e³lQe��m`X�Zr�U\niqX���i���m`�`_�lQeq\�cxi¼»jyU��yqX�\s[)i�iq[+z¹yUX�y�c!eÆlQ©si�Xp[�¡�m�_�Z!\�eLZY��i�g&iÆlQe (niU_&X�ijZÀZÀiiU[ g`iLZ ��eJc�[�\OZreUX�Z g`i lOe cYyL­)mpc)��i iq[ gpi lQe ��cYyJeU[�\nm`X g&©sejZÀZxmp�q\�eq[�\nm`X�ZZr�U\niUXp[�\O­)\n�¹_;iLZxV�U_ln[*_;c!iUl^lQi�ZoiU[#yJg�_;��eU[]\^}&iLZ$� � � �1WYl;ijZ![ÊZ)_`\~}&\��i _Ægpi+[*iU����ZoeU��cY��ZHViUX ��¤ �`£TVpg`©~_&X�[)cYm`\CZY\n�q��i|m`��ZxiLc�}&eU[*iU_pc�eLcYeq��i�V * e+� � ¡�Á�_;©se »�»T\ng�e l � ´^����� ��_;\lQeU\OZÀZxi l�_&\�eU_�Z/Z!\±_&X�i·cY\��q¡�i ���bPsN�� I/� ��S7P!��� D½I � � ���K�ITS7PsI°I � �nB]I � �ED7I�� ��+ �Ʋ¹\�lCeg�\s��iqX�ZY\nm`X �Lc)\^[]\O��_�i �¡�m�Z!�p\^[*e ln\s[YyÂg`i lO©sWx��eU� m`�`ln\~z¹i�V�¨Â�¹_&\�iLZY[ gpy�g\OylQ©sm�_�}�cYe z¹i���ijZ![���m`\sX�Z'��cYy�ZriUXp[*i�V4lQi�Z'�ª_`ln[�\s�`lQi�Z«m`��ZxiJc*}&eq[�\nm`X�Z�Og`m`Xp[h_&X�lQm`X`ziUXp[*cYiU[]\�iqX�e7}&iL�¼lQi ��c!eUX�g�k�eU�p�p\sX�g`i�²eUX�eJe�iU['g&iªX�m`����cYi _�Zri�Z|eUX�iJ��g&m`[)i�ZcYy7}&yUlQeU[)c)\O�JijZ«g�_¯Z![)eq[*_&['g&i�ZAg\^}&iJc/ZxiLZ|��m`���ª_&X�e7_`[*yjZ��¼Zrm`Xp[���eJc�[�\n� _&ln\��Lc!iU��iqX�[\sX�ZY[*c*_��q[�\~};ijZÀ�

�oe Zri��Jm`X�g`i ��eq[)y z¹mpcY\ni g&i }\OZx\s[)i _4cHZ ijZ![ �Jm`X�ZY[�\s[t_;yLi g&©si#�1��iJc�[xZ\sX�g�\~}\ng�_;iUlCZ�m�_ g`iÈ��iq����cYiLZ�gpiLZ���\OZ7Z!\nm`X�Z�g`i ��mpm`��y�c!eU[�\nm`X [)iJ�U¡pXp\n�¹_;iL�Á�\~lO\s[)eU\nc!i�ZxV`��yJg`iL�U\sX�Z�m�_��p¡�e�c)��e��q\OiUX�ZrV](nm�_�c)X�e ln\OZY[)iLZxVpi �1��iLc�[!Z�iqX�e z¹c�\Q� _&l�[C_�cxim�_�iqX�yJg¹_;��eq[�\nm`X�V���e7»TyjZo��e�cdlQiAcYy7z1\s��iAgpi+lQ©sWH��eq�¿iq[ʨ¢Zrm�X�Zri�c*}¹\��Ji�V\^lCZÊ}&m`Xp[iUXÈ­)eq\s[��Jm`Xp[)c�\s�`_;i�c�\sX`}&m�lQm`Xp[)eq\ncYiU��iUXp['��m�_;c+lQijZA_&X�ZxV#[)cY�LZ|e��q[�\~}&iU��iqXp['��m�_�cg`©se7_`[*cYijZ�¨¦cYy7}py7lQiLc¼e7_!� �|yU��yUXp\s[)iLZ�g&©seU��mpcYg&V�e _ÉcYijZ![!i�g�_È��m`X�g`i�iUX�Z!_`\s[!ilQ©syU[)iqX�g¹_;i�g&ijZ���yj­)eq\s[YZ�gpi±lO©~\CZxm�lQeU[]\�m`XpXp\OZ!��ij����iJc�[)eq\^X�Z�ZHi��Jm`Xp[)iUXp[*i�cYm`Xp[ gpi[)yq��m`\ z�X�i�c!V g&©^e7_&[Yc!ijZ gpi7}\OiqX�g`c!m`Xp[ g&ijZ e��q[)i _;c/Z g&i lQ©~¡p\OZY[*m`\OcxicYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eq\�c!ij��k �jZ!¡p\�g e7l �!< eJcB�ÀÅ � V lQi �q¡�i�­°g&i lOe¿��\OZ/Zx\nm`X ��\ lQ\s[)eU\ncxi\ncYeq®1\niUXpX�i°gpi �T¤ ��� � ��X�m�_�Z�lOeq\OZ/ZriLcYe°eq\sX�ZY\�_&X�iËlQm`X`zT_;i°g`iLZÀ��c)\^�p[)\nm`X gpi�Z

� � � ^LPS4+C769CB;=E)NLEW6"N ^#� GwPQ<�C)E�l EJ4LK�q?sFsbn�X MND G6,$ ( D *D G"/ �� �0 $"#"/ JX �'CJ:W;=Z[^LKHULX � V�;1EJGw}�DbULEB;A� E�G/}Pw6 GcVJI �/f� � K1EW6 �c;=X�T�E�U#:WVBX ��OE�RFU+V�:?ESE`Gw}�ULEB;=E�aFESE`GH}�PH6AGHE�I�Pp:�:�E$> �Q8 Gw}�T�E�I�EJ4 �bXF;=CJlb^LC��� ( �� JX�4���n?t+uFf� + y Gw}=� y,� I�X K1E � PkU ~h^L8 EJ:�:?PcR X�q?s[u���X $6(3D �� J�C $'D I1& *D G � 1,� 1C7$"#"/ N 1D G �! �� J &� ��Oa ,Z[:WEJD|C CJ4 y ;=E��+PcCULCJ^L;=CJ^�69C b�� ZF4LR ;=C?69X �E�R#P _ ;=CW6`69XbR#C�^�1?PQ@�I�C{<�R#PcKHPcZF4 f� �� $C�4 ^+C1R E�4�6SGHC1Y�EBR ;=C1R 8 ^ 4 K/;=EBPcK/<1R 8kEJI1PcK/PQ<�6=PkD�4L<1CJ4 qBs|�#q�f g]GcGwC1CB6�KS6 ^ Pkl|PQCONLEB;]^ 4LC�69C�YBZF4LR+CI�Pw6`69PcZ[4�Y�P l P GwC{C�K#I�PkGcPQK/EBPc;=CSR COq�sb�YX$M�qBsF�bs#f

� £

� �+_�cxZ�g`© _&X½cYy7z1\s��i � � e7lOmpcxZ���_�i�Zxm`X½Z�_&��mpc!g`mpXpX�y�V ¸ eU� � l ¸ eU� � lQV���m�_;cxcxeg`yJ��eq�p\^[*y�iUX��`lQeJ��i¢�`_&�`ln\O�1_piJV`��m�_�c�e }&m`\Qc��q¡�m`\tZ!\�g&i���eJc�[)\n�U\s��iLc�e��U[)\~}&iq��iUXp[�¨lQe cYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`X ��m`X�Z![�\s[*_&[�\nm`XpX�i7l^lRi e }&mpc)[)y�i g`i �T¤T�]� �°Á¦eU\OZ lQe ­�\~zT_�cxiiU���`lQyq��eU[�\n�¹_;i�g&i«lQ©s\^Xp[*i�c*};iqXp[�\nm`XpXp\RZ!��i|gpijZ�}¹\RZr\^[*i _�cxZ�yU[!cYeqX`ziJc/Z�iLZY[��JiUlslOi g�_X�eU[]\�m`X�e7ln\RZ![)i|e lsz¹y�cY\niUX�e7l � a�_;g`e »Jl6e l �RÇ e�c)[)\ l3�qX � �4�+c!c�\s}&y¢iqX�e };c)\ l ��¤���¬ Zxm`_�Z�lQi�Z[)c!eU\s[YZÆg`© _&X¾X�y z¹mp��\�eqXp[)V�lQ©^yq��\OZ/ZreU\QcYi�g&©^ºÆejZreUX½e l �!< eUXpX���e¦cYy7_�ZÀZ!\�¨�ZÀi ­*eU\ncxi��m`X�­]\ni�ch��e�c lQ©sWH��eq��Vp��_p©~\~lb��m`���p[)eq\^[oeU��eq[�[)cYiJV�lQe�cYyJg`e��q[)\�m`X³g`© _&X�cYeq�p��mpc�[�Z!_�clQ©syU[)eq[�zyqX�y�c!e l;g¹_���e »�Z � 6 �

� ����������� � ��% ��)���3 - �0���:�/% ��3 ��� )���3U�/- �0353 �������+3

{|X [)m�_&[���iU[�\s[�X�m`����cYi·gpi }\tZ!\s[)iU_;c/Z e°��i�cY��\OZ e _!� �¢yq��yqXp\s[)i�Zg`©siqXp[)cYi7}&m`\Oc�lQi���m`X�g`i¥i#�1[*y�cY\niU_;cw��eq\OZ�_`X�z&cYeqX�g�X�m`����cYi¥g`©siUXp[*cYi¥i _!��Zxm`Xp[��e�c)[�\OZ�iU_]� � � .q��i�Z�¨ÃZre¢gpyJ��m�_&}&i�c)[YiL�&WrlCZFZxm`Xp[ogpijZ���\~z&cYeqXp[YZh}&m�lQm`Xp[)eU\ncxijZ�m`_;Vg`eqX�Z�_`X�i���m`\sX�g`cxi���cYm`��mpc)[�\nm`X�VAg`i�Z���iU����cxiLZ�g&i¯��\OZ/Zr\�m`X�Z�[)iJ�U¡pXp\Q��_4i�Zi#����y�g�\nyJijZo¨wlQ©syU[)c!eUX`z¹i�cd��eJcblQ©sWH��eq���

²m�_&��\OZ�¨�g&i���c!ijZ7ZreUXp[)iLZ�g`iq��eUX�g`i�Z�g&i�c!yj­)mpcY��iLZ¥��eU\OZÆy z¹e lQiU��iqX�[Zrm�_p�q\Oi7_]��g`i�cYiqX�­)mpcY�JiLc�Zxm`X-e�c���yJi�V4lQ©sWx��eU� Zriªc!yjZrm�_&[�gp�LZ �¹¤ � ��� eU_�[*i�c���ig`© _&X�i>ZÀyJc�\Qi°g`©se��J��mpcxgpZÈe };iJ� ZrijZÈX�m�_}&iJeU_!� ��e�c�[*iUX�eU\nc!ijZ iU_;cYm`��yJiUX�Z m`_e�c!eU��iLZ � ¨�iUX`}�m�»Ti�c���_;iUlQ�¹_;iLZ � _`X�Z³g`iÉZri�Z�Z)_S(QiU[YZ¦ZxiÈ­)mpc���iJc�¨ lQ©syU[)c!eUX`z¹i�cx�� i _!����\OZÀZx\nm`X�ZxVh��\~l�\s[)eq\Oc!i±�`_p\OZ¥�q\^}\~lRi�Vh��e�c�[*iUXp[|eU\sX�Z!\�iqX ��¤���� ��m�_;c�lQ©^WÀcYeq®p��oijZ��cxiU��\niLcHZ�p\^lQm`[)iLZhg&©se }&\nm`X�Z�Zrm`Xp[Ê­)mpc)��yjZ�iqX�WH[*e ln\nij�L�oe�cYeJg`m]�e7lQiU��iUXp[*V��Ji�Zi#����eU[)c)\�yLZ¾eJ���Jy lC�JcYiqXp[¯lQi>[)c!eUX�ZÀ­)iLc�[ g`ijZ \ng`yJm�lCm�z�\�iLZ nX�eU[�\nm`X�e ln\OZ!��i e�c!eU��iJV\OZ�lQeq��\RZ!��i¢g&ijZ�aÊc!��cxijZ��ª_6Z�_&l���eqX�ZxV�ln\s��y�c!e lQ\RZ!��i��'��_;i�c!i�g`m`_&[)iA[)eUXp[#lOiA[!cB�`X�iL��o©sWH��eq� eqXp[�\n�U\s��eUXp[�lQ©~\^����eJ�U['\ng`yJm�lOm�z�\n�¹_;i�g`i���ijZ«��\tZÀZY\nm`X�Z|e7}&eU\s['��m�_�c)[)eUXp[�ª_ln[�\s�`lO\ny lQijZ���cYy��JeU_&[�\nm`X�Z/��� ijZ��JeUX�g\�g&eU[YZ�e7}peq\niUXp[�yq[)yÉZry lRi��U[]\�m`XpX�yLZ/�'�oi�Z��c)\s[)�LcYiLZ�yU[)eqXp[¥g`i�X�eU[t_;c!i¯Zxmp�q\�e7lQi�V'��©si�Z![���i _&[ � .U[)c!i³lQ¨���_pi¯Zr©sijZ![ (nm;_;yJi�_`X6i��e�c)[�\ni¥g�_¦gpijZ![�\sX�g`i�lOe�k'yq�`_&�`l�\Q�¹_;iª�plOiLZAm�­!­�\n�U\Qi�cxZ'X�i¥g`iU}�eUXp[���ejZ'��cYm�}�iUX�\Ocg`i�­)eU��\~lslQijZ \^X�­Cl�_;iUXp[*i�ZªZ)_�ZH��iU�p[]\^�`lRijZÃg`i§lQi�ZªZrm`_`[*iUXp\nc�g`eqX�Z¢_&X�i�y }&iqXp[t_�i7lslCiiUXp[*cYiU��c)\tZri g`i Z)_&�`};i�cHZr\�m`X�V lOiLZ B�IJA�AbPED Zri [*cYm�_}&�LcYiqXp[ iqX���m�cYi �`l�_6ZX�eU[C_pc!i lslCiq��iUXp[�i#��7l�_�ZFgpijZF�JiLcY�7lCijZ'��\sln\^[*eU\ncxijZÀ�d�¾lQiU_;c'cxiU[)m�_;c'eU_ �|yU��iqX�V4lQi�ZX�m�_}&i�e7_!�°g\^�`l3�`��y�Z�­C_pcxiqXp[�g&i$ZY_;cY�LcYm � [���eU\nXp[)iUX`_�Z¦iUX g`yq[)iUXp[�\nm`X ��m�_�c[)iqXp[)i�cg`iwlQiLZ ���`_�c�ziJc{�Fg`i+[*m�_`[*i+\Og&y�i�l�\s�6y�c!e lQij�� �JijZ��cYiq�±\niLcHZo��m`Xp[]\^X`z¹iUXp[!Zhm�­!­�\n�U\niUlCZh�1_&\4ZHi+��m�_;cHZY_&\~};iUXp[�X�yJeUXp��m`\sX�ZoeU��cY�LZ��¤T�'� ��e�c�gpijZ���\CZ/Z!\nm`X�Z���\~}\slQijZ'g&©sy�g¹_4��eq[�\nm`X�V`\ l­)e7_&[he#(nm�_&[)iJc _&X�i¢yq��\^z¹cYeU[]\�m`X�`ls_�ZÈ\^X�­*mpc���i7l�lQi°��eU\OZÈX`_&��yJc�\O��_4iU��iUXp[��`ls_�Z \s����mpc�[)eqXp[)ij�ª�oiLZ yU��\~zcxyLZ��cYm�}¹\�iqXpX�iUXp[�lQi��`l�_�Z�Zrm�_`}&iqXp[g¹_�²1_;g��U¡�ej­*yU\s[)i|iU[#\~lCZh��e�c)[)iUXp[)V&e _Æ¡�ejZre�cYg�g&i�Z��m�ZÀZY\s�p\~ln\^[!yLZ¥�¹_;©~\~lCZ¥g`yL�Jm�_}pc!iUXp[|¨¦��g`iqX�Vo}&iJcHZ�g&ijZ¥g&ijZ![�\sX�eU[�\nm`X�Z �ª_�ln[)\s�`lQijZ���F­*c�\Q��_4i O²m`��e7l�\niJV � (n\s��m�_`[]\�V°u'[�¡p\nm`�p\ni��ÀV �FZ!\ni O²1\^X`z¹eU��m�_;c!VÄÁ¦e7lOeq\tZ!\niLVWxX�g`m`X�yjZ!\ni�� ��eq\RZ y z¹e lQiU��iqXp[ u+_;cYm`��i ��c!eUX�g&i �!< c!iU[)e7z1X�i [)m�_p[

��� y Gw}��'E�;=V`_ �cX:]!VB6=U+PcR X y Gw}�T�EJI�E�4 _$EB8 Gw}APk4 m P GHV��1E�GH}�EJabU �c;=X�q�s�tLuFf���_ ^ � GcPc<]^#GwK/<B;=PcC`^+;=C�I�CJ4LK�Pk4 3&ULE�GHV�K U _$E�KHU+V�8kPQm5� EB;=E�� Pp:�:?E,� E�4�K ULE _ ;=E�q�s�t uFf

��¬

��e�c)[�\n� _lO\n�Lc!iU��iUXp[ � � � �o�wg&iUX�mp���7_`��iª_&X�iª�`lQe���i�gpi��q¡�m`\/��g&eUX�Z�lQ©~¡p\OZY[*m`\�c!i±g�ilQ©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X�¨ÃlQ©~\s��eU��eq['iUX���eJc�[�\n� _ln\OiJcYV#g`i¼lQeª��mpg&i�c�Xp\OZreU[�\nm`X���m�ln\s[�\O��_4iªiUXz¹yUX�y�c!e lC��Á¦e+(nmpc�\s[)eq\Oc!iU��iUXp[F�q¡�ej­)yq\s[YiJVÊi7l�lQi±ZÀi�c)[Fgpiª��m`\^Xp[Fg&i���m`����e�c!eU\OZrm`X�i�[g`i�c!y }&yUlQeq[)i _4cAe _!��­)cY�JcYi�Z|g1_ * mpc!g`VÊ��_;© _&X�\s��eU��eU[i�Le7»Tg�\s[)iª��c)\~}&i�g`i¼lQi _4c/Zg`c!m`\s[YZ/�#��©si�Z!['g`i��Jiª��mpc�[F��_;©^eJcxc�\~};iUXp[���m`X�X�m`����c!iªg&i�Z�\ngpy�iLZAX�m�_}&iUlslQi�ZAi�[��©siLZY[�}&iJc/Z³�wg&iUX·��_;i�V�lOm�z¹\��1_;iU��iUXp[*V�­t_&\QiUXp[�lQijZªlQi�eJg`iLcxZ�g`iLZ§�\s��cYi�ZÆ��m�_�ce }�m`\�c�lQiÆlQmp\OZY\Qc¢g&eUX�ZA_&XÈiUX`}\QcYm`XpX�iq��iUXp[���m`\sX�Z cYyq��cYi�ZÀZY\O­*Vhg`i�g`m`XpX�i�cA_`X6iejZÀZ!\RZri�\sX�Z![)\^[C_`[)\nm`XpX�i lslQi�¨�lCi7_�c¼��m�_}&iq��iqXp[)V'g`i��`_`�`ln\niLcªg&ijZ�c!i }_;i�Z�iq[¥gpicYiJ�U_;iU\^lsln\OcÈgpiLZ¾­)m`X�g4ZÀ��ºÆmpc���\RZrV±[!cY�LZÈ��c)\n�U}&i���iUXp[)V�e _¿lQiUX�g&iU��e�\sX g&iÄlQe��m`X�Z!�p\ncYeq[�\nm`X°e7}&mpc�[)yJi¯g&i �1¤T�&� m % iUlslOiLZ�g`y��UlRe�c!iUXp[ @�_`��e7»Tc � iU[ Ç e�c)[�\^l3�qX � �@]K�B!EHGLGJIªGTExG���K]I IsIJV�lOiLZAe7_&[)mpc�\s[)yLZ���c)\^[*eUXpXp\n��_�ijZFX�©siUXp[)c!e }&iqXp[���ejZ'lQijZ«e��q[�\~}\s[)y�Zg`iLZFm`�p��m�ZxeqXp[YZFg`i¢lQ©sWH��eq���`�oe¢��cYm]��\^��\s[)y¥e7}&i��§�wg`iqX�Vd­)eq\s[�g&i lQe�º¼_!(ne�cY\~»J»Teg`©Q��¡p��e�g * _�´ � �UX�V¢_&X�iÉ��eLZxiÈ��e�c)[�\n� _ln\��Lc!iU��iUXp[�eJ�U[�\~}&i g`i�lO©sm`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X����}�i��·g`i�Z �Jm`����eU[)c)\�m`[*ijZ g`i·c!iU[)m`_;cÉg&©syU��\~z&cxeU[]\�m`X�V���i ls_&\ � ��\±» m�_�}�cYi O¨� ¡`_&�p¡��UX��Ê_&X�iFy���m�lQi�����mpg&i�c�X�i��j�

������� ����� ��� �7��3

��}�i��¼lCiLZ�}&iL�q[)iU_;cHZA¡`_&��eU\sX�ZrVblQi�Z|yJ�Lc�\s[YZ|g&©^eq��mpcYg&VblQe�cYeJg�\nm¯iqX�Z�_&\s[)i�m`Xp['��c�\CZ��e�c)[�¨¯lQeÈ�U\QcY�U_lQeU[�\nm`X gpiLZ�\ng&y�i�Z¦iU[³¨�lQe ��c�\CZx[)e7l^ln\OZreU[�\nm`X \Qg`yJm�lOm�z�\O��_4iÉg&i�Zm`�p��m�Z!\^[]\�m`X�Z � ���� ²eUX�eJe�V�¨±��e�c)[�\nc�g`i ��¤ � � Vo_&X6i�cxi }1_4i�ZÀiJc�[ g`i§}&iL�q[)iU_;c�¨±lQ©^m`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X � � ���_;m`\n�¹_;i¼Zrm�_�Z�lCi�ZY[!c)\��q[���m`Xp[)c���lCi|g`i�lQ©sWx��eU��Vpi lnlQi¢i�Z![hg`\nc�\szyJi¢��e�ch_`X�lO\s��y�c!eUle��J��_`\CZ¦¨¯lO©sm`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X � � �Ã� �L�`[)yÈg`i$Z�_!(niU[xZ�[)c!��Z�zyqX�y�c!e _!�V�I � � ��P�`D�IÈI��!�

��� � EhYBZFI1I1^ 4LEJ^LK/<�:?<JI�<B4LPcK/C�R C P1;=EJ4LR CB}��';=C?K/EJDb4LChE�R E�4�6OGwC�Y�ZF^+;=E�4LK$R C?61EJ4 4L<BC?6hq?s�t Z�R C?6YBZF4LK/EBY�KA6SN+E�;=K/PQY�^#GwPc@B;=CJI�C�4LK�<BK�;=Z#PcK�6eE�l CBY$GwC$I�Z[^ l C�I�CJ4LK'R C?6]T�<JI�<J4LPcK/C?6S� Pk��;=CW6ePk4�69K/EJGcGH<�M y R C�4 f��E�Y�;=<BE�K�PcZF4jR C�GHE�� ,� 03&*8/M ���= 2 $� 146$'=#0�� � �0 $�4'8{CJ4 qBs�t|��I�EB;=mF^LC�^ 4jK/ZF^L;A4+E�4LK$PpI1NLZL;=K�E�4LK fz��CI�ZF^ l CJI�C�4+K!R PH6 NLZL69C1R <?6�Z#;AI�E�PH6$R 8 ^ 4LC1YBZF4�69K/PcK ^LK/PcZ[47CBK!R#8 ^ 4il <B;=PcK/EJ� GHC1Z ;AD|EJ4LC1R CONL;=C?6`69C�X��� �� 4 1D G�. � 10�f?��8kE?6 69Z YBPkEBK/PcZF4�E{NLZF^L;�l Z YBEBK/PcZF4�R C$;=C�YJ^LCBP GcGcPQ;�GwC$6�Z[^LK/PcCJ4 R#CW6]YBZFI1I1^ 4LEJ^LK/<?6&:?<�I�<J4LPcK�CW6C 1?NLEBK/;=Pc<BC?6�f���C�6 ^ N NLZ ;=K�>APk4LEJ4LYBPcCB;'C?6�K R @?6&GwZ ;�6S63^L;=K/ZF^LK Y�U+EW>A<�PQK/CBX Y�C$m�^LP#4LC{I�E�4+mb^+C�N+EW6&R C$Y�;=<BCB;R C?6'K�C�4�69PQZF4�6&E�l CBYSGwC?6 � EJ:WR#PcK/C?6JfW� 8kE�;=;=P l <BC�R C*,�E�:b> E`Gw} / 6 GwEJI /A�L;=VJU��kI akmF^+PFNL;=CJ4LR1K/;=@?6�l PcK�CSGwCe4LZ#IR C�,�EJ:�> E�GH} 5�E�m#m NLZF^+;569ChR <JI�EB;=mb^+C�;OR Ci69C�6�>A;=@�;=C?6Eb=X >AP G/6OR C�GH8 PpI�E�I T�E�U#:WVBX!YBZF4�69K/PQKH^LC�N+ZF^L;Gw8kE?6`69Z Y�PkEBK/PQZF4h^ 4iEJN N ^+P�Pk4LC?6 NL<�;=<�f K1ZFI1I�<OM�GHE K���K/CORF^hI�Z[^ l C�I�CJ4LK/X�PpG�Gc^ P�ZL>=>A;=PQK�^ 4LCOE`^LRFPQC�4LYBC\SZL>=>APcY�PQC�GkGHCSd'�+C�EJ^LYBZb^#N1N Gc^L6 GHE�;ADFCSC�K+^ 41R <J� ^LK�R C{;=C�YBZF4 4+E�PH6�69E�4+Y�C{Pk4LK/CB;A4LEBK/PcZ[4LE�GHCbf� � � >)4LZ#K/E�I�I�C�4�K)E�GH} Pp4LC�X)q?s|n[u?X�mF^ P�R ZF4 4+C ^ 4 ;=CJGwCJl < mF^LE�69P�C 1?ULEJ^L6�K�Pw> R#CW6 ;=CJlb^+CW6 C?KNL<B;=PcZ R#PcmF^LC?6&E�:?E�4+K�YBPc;=YJ^|GH<$E`^�T�<JI�C�4�RF^ K1Z#;=R�CJ4LK/;=C1q�u�n �CBK!q?sFn?t+f?~)PcYJULC�G43�^LYJU�69Y�ULCB;=CB;=X R EJ4�669ZF4 � 034',�= &*532'4 $�=>0 C>$ C:D $�=�� ,� ;/(�$�H1538H�Sq?sbn�tFXz;=CBYBC�4�69C"GwE1N#Gc^ NLEB;=KSR C?6�;=CJlF^LC?6�CBKSocZF^+;A4LE�^41hPkI1NLZ#;=K/E�4+K�69XN ^ �#GwPc<?6�C?6`6�CJ4LK/PQC�GkGHC�I�CJ4LK�M y R CJ4�C�K�Ev^ � E�PQ;=C�X�NLEB;�GHCW6 E�YBK/CJ^L;�6�RF^OI�ZF^ l CJI�C�4LK�;=<?>AZ ;AI�PH6�K�Cbf� � / GS4L8kC 1bPw69K/EBPcK$EJGwZ ;�6"mF^L8 ^ 4 69CJ^ G oQZF^L;A4LEJGwX 1D G ��� I*0BX]Z ;AD|EJ4LChZ+>=>APcYBPcC`G�RF^ DFZF^Fl[CB;A4LCJI�C�4+K�R CJN ^LP/6q?s WX#f / G�E`l E�PcK{NL;=PH6OGHEi6A^LPQK/ChRF^joQZb^+;A4LE�G � *01 * N ^ � GcPQ<�NLEB;�GHCW6�21K/K/Z[I�E�4�6Jf�,�E�N ^ � GHPcYBE�K�PcZF4jC?6�KPk4+K/C�;=;=Z#I1N ^LC C�4�K/;=C�op^LPkGkGHC�KSq?s�tLq�CBK�ocEJ4 l|PQC�;$q?s?tWX�XLRFEBK/C�M$GHE�m�^LCJGcGwC{GH80/=I�EJI CJ4i>AE�PQK�^#4xPp4�69K/;A^ I�CJ4�KR CeGk^LK/K/C{Y�ZF4+K/;=C,69ZF4�ZFN+NLZL69PQK/PcZF4�CJ4�C 1bPkG+M y R CJ4�f� � y U I�E�R � y �LR E�GH} � E�U#ULE�� E�GH} � E�;��QKHULX�N+;=C�I�PQC�;�;=<BR EBY�KACJ^L; R#86 *D G��B$�� � 1D G"/ �� 101$"#"/ J�'RFPw>=> ^�69E�PcK69CW6OPkR#<�C?69X'C�4 I�E�;ADFC�R Ch69C�6 E�YBK/Ppl|PcK�<W6OZL>=>APQY�PcCJGkGwC?69X�R E�4�6OR C�6 I�Pw6`6=Ppl[C?6 E�R ;=C?6�69<BCW6169CBY�;=@BK/CJI�C�4+K�M,�E�4+E�EBX 3 EBC � CBK � ULE�I�EB;`f&,�^L;�GHC�; .FGHCSR 86 *D G��B$�� � 1D G"/ � *0 $"#"/ JXFYW>9f�,bEJGwCJIrCBK y �#�^]]PkocE`GHXLq?sFuFuFf

� �

A#IqD�ILGJPACA#I��`_&�`l�\Qi���iU_ ¨���iU_ gpijZÆy lQm�z¹ijZ¥}`\s��cxeqXp[YZ�g`iLZ�z&cYeqX�g4Z¥lOiJe�g&i�c/Z�gpilQ©~¡p\RZ![)m`\ncYiA��_�Z!_�ln��eqX�ij�1�oi«lQiL�q[)iU_;c�eq[�[)iUXp[]\R­��i _&[Ê»Ãg`yJ��c*» �p[!i�c�g`i�Z���c)\^[)\n�¹_;i�Z�¨��iU\sX�i�}&m`\~lOyLiLZh¨�lQ©^iqX���m`Xp[)c!i�g�_�[�\s[�_lOeq\ncxi�g¹_�[!cB�`X�iL�Tu+X �T¤T�`� eq��cY��Z�ZxiU_lQiU��iqX�[� � X`_`��yLc!m�ZxV�lQ©sWx��eU�¿��c!iUX�g���cYyU[*i#�1[)i|gpi�lOeA��y�X`_;c�\ni�g&i���eq�p\�iJc���m`X�Zry��7_&[�\~};ie _³��m`X�­Cln\^[h��m`X�g\ne l6��m�_pc�\sXp[)iJcxcYm`����cYiAlO©si �1��y�cY\QiUX���iL��� ©^iLZY[�ZriU_lCiq��iUXp[�g`eqX�ZlQ©si#�1\~lFeJg`iUX�\F��_pi�}&e���m;_}&m`\nc¥X�e � [)cxi³_&X�i±};y�cY\s[!eU�`lQi���cYiLZ7Zxi¦g`©sm`�p��m�Z!\^[]\�m`X � � VeU��c!�jZ�lO©seJcYcY\~}&y�i¥iqX �T¤1��� g`i�Z'g&iU_!�ªlOiJe�g&iLcHZ'g&i�Z��\^��c!i�ZU@�_&��e »�c � iq[ * _�´ � �UX����_È� eU\ncxi�VdlQijZ yq��\ z�cYyjZ m`Xp[F[)cY�LZ�}¹\^[!i�cYiJfU_�lO©~¡�m�Z!�p\s[)e ln\s[)y�g`© _&X�i§��eJc�[�\ni�g`iªlCe��cYiLZ/Zri OI��� �� � IUD�V¾I��� ����S P?InI I��� � IjKRI�S7PA,A#I iU[ I ����`I D�� I�� � � � iU[ m`Xp[ �p_g`yqX�m`X���iJcYVg`�LZ ��¤�� �1V�lCiLZÊ[*iLc���ijZ g`i+lQe��JcY\RZri+»Ty���yqXp\s[)ij���©sijZ![�lQ¨��¹_;i @w_&��e »jc �e�­*mpc���yJV�iqX ��¤T� �1V ��lOi��ocxiU��\niLc < eU[)eq\~l^lQm`Xj��OI�����oI I��OS7IFI����� ��������_&\&g`i7}`\niqX�g`cxe_ln[)yLc�\niU_;cxiU��iqXp[�lCi�zc!m;_&��i�g&i����oeh(Oi _&X�iLZ7ZxiFg�_���m`����eqX�g`iq��iUXp[#g1_ < \niUX ���&N�I�S ��S�I ��nIqD+K#S P3� ��sD�I � K �� �U�

�oi+��c!iU��\ni�chyU��iq[�[!i _4cÊcYeJg�\nm�g¹_j�|yq��iUX�X�©sijZ![#mp��y�cYeq[�\nm`XpX�i l;�¹_;i+lQi �+�X�m�}&iq����cYi ��¤T�`¬ �T�oijZh��c!m�z&cYeq����ijZ�Zri+lO\s��\s[)iUXp[#lQm`X`z1[)iq����Z�¨Ag`iLZ�yU��\OZÀZY\nm`X#ZcYi7ln\^z�\�iU_�Zri�ZAiq['¨��¹_;i7lC��_�iLZAyL�q¡�m�ZAg&i¼lOe�}\Oi�g�_���e7lOeq\OZ/�p�o©se _;g�\niUX��Li�i�ZY[we lQmpc/Zln\s��\^[*yLi�Vp\ ldijZ![Ê}pc!eU\6¨ ��� g`i¢lQe¢��m`�`_lQeU[�\nm`X��lOiLZ'��iU����c!ijZ'gpiAlOe ��m�_�c�iU[h_`X[)m�_&[���iU[�\s[�X�m`����cYi¥gpi�X�m`[)eU�`lQijZAZrm`Xp[hlCijZAZHi _`lCZ«¨���m�Z/Zry�g&i�cw_&X�c!y���iq�p[)iU_;c � + �u'X ��¤T�&� [)m�_&[)ij­*m`\OZxV �bI D POE �`ILGJI�I��wiUXp[*cYi�iqX���m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i���iqX���iJc���iU[�[*eUXp[�e _!���m`X�Z!�p\ncYeq[)i _4cHZ�g`©seqXpX�m`X���i�c¢lQe���mpc�[ g`i±lQ©~\^��eq� �|eU¡`»��iU[AlO©se7}&�UX�iq��iUXp[ g`iZrm`X¯Z)_p�L�JijZÀZÀi _4c�´n����g`e7l�lQeU¡-e l �tÇ e+� � cH�d� ��e�c)[�\OcFg`i �1¤�� �V��&I � I#I��� �� K]ITS � ��g�_��eq\�c!i (�m�_4i±_`X cB��lQi�\s����mpc)[)eUXp[ ��e _È��c)\���g`© _&X�i�Zxm�_&��\OZ7Z!\nm`X¾ejZÀZri+��yq[)cYm`\s[!ie _!�¥�Jm`X�ZY\~z�X�ijZX�ejZÀZxyJc�\niUXpX�i�ZrV�lQ©^m`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X�Zx© »�i[����c�\s��i�c!y z1_ln\O�JcYiU��iUXp[!�

²eUX�ZFZ�_;c)��c�\tZri�V`lQe���[)i��q¡pX�m�lOm�z�\ni¥cYy }�m�l�_&[�\nm`XpX�eU\ncxi�� ��_p\6e¢��\OZ�­�\sX¦¨�lQe��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni�ijZ![�g`m`X���}&iqX`_�i�e _ �|yU��iUX�V���m�_;cªlO©si�ZÀZxiqXp[�\Oi7lQVAg`i�lO©syq[Yc!eUX`z¹i�cx��o©siUX���eJg`c!iU��iUXp[�[YiJ�U¡pXp\n�¹_;i�g1_���m�_&��g`©~u'[)eU[wg`i ��¤T�]� i�Z![�lQi±­)eq\s['g`©sm�­Y­]\n�U\OiJc/Z\ncYeq®1\niUX#Z/�Ê�oe�lOm�z�\OZY[]\O��_�i�\�g&y�m�lQm�z�\O��_�i�X�i�c!iUlQ� };i���ejZ�g�_¾ZriU_l�X�eq[�\nm`X�e ln\OZY��ie�c!eU��i�X�eU\OZÀZxeqXp[)VpX�m`[)eU����iqXp[�iUX�WÀcYeq®��p�peJcYeJg`m]�e7lOiq��iUXp[)V��`_`\OZr�¹_;©~\~lhZx©se7z1\s[�g`i��m`����eq[�[)c!iÄ_&X c!y z\s��i �FcYi7lO\~z1\niU_!� �JV�i l�lQi>}\QiUXp[Èy7ze7lQiU��iUXp[ g&ijZ½a#cY�Lc!i�ZÁ�_�ZY_l���eqX�Z|g`©~ºÆejZreUX�e l �!< eqXpX�����_&\#}&m4\s[Fg`eqX�Z|��i �|yq��iUX�}`\niJc�zi�g&iª[)m;_&[!i\sX�­tls_;iUX��Ji±mp�L�q\�g&iUXp[)e7lCi�g�\ncxi��q[)i§_&XÈeq[�[�\ncYeqXp[A�U¡�eq���Èg`©si �1��y�c)\^��iqXp[)eU[]\�m`X�� � l �a�_;g`e »Jl¥e7l �tÇ e�c�[]\^l3�UX � (nm�_piÈiqX iL­Y­*iU[ª_&X c���lOi�[)m�_&[�¨É­*eU\s[���iqXp[)cYe7l¥g&eUX�Z�lCi

� � � ZF4LK&GwC?6eNL;=Pk4LYBPkN+E�^�1�Z ;AD|EJ4LC?6$6�Z[4LK � � 4/ *D G . �� *0BX+U+C��LR#ZFI�E�R#E�PQ;=C R Z[4LK�GwC NL;9C�I�PQC�;]4 ^#I�<b;�ZNLEB;=E �QK�M y R#C�4 GwCh�+q�Z Y�K�Z �L;=C qWs�tYX 6=^+;�R C?6 NL;=CW6`69C?6OC�4�>APp4 EBY�m[^LPw69C�6 NLEB;$GHC�I�Z[^ l C�I�CJ4LK [ MND G� 53& �3D�X?ULCJ�LR Z[I�E�R EBPc;=CBXbm[^[P#R @W6]q?s?t+u?XbR#C�lFPcCJ4LK+Gw8kZ ;ADFE�4+C�R C]NL;=C?6`69C�R C?6�T�<JI�<J4LPcK/C?6&��Pk�L;=C?6Jf� � y GH} � E�;=PQKHU 6�8kC?69K�>AE�PQK,YBZF4 4+E �QK/;=ChR @?6"GwC?61EJ4 4L<BCW6"K�;=CJ4LKAC�X]C�4 R <�4+Z 4�RBEJ4LK/X]R E�4�61\�51^L;=;=Pp:�:?EhE`G/}6 ULEJ�LV��1d ak� C � E�PQ;=C b'69ZF^�6 GwCeN�69C�^+R ZF4 :BI�C�R 8 \]^ 41T�<JI�<�4+PcK/C � <JGw<Sd�X�GwE�YB;=Pw69Ce:W<JI�<�4+PcK/C�f��'E�;=EBRF� 4 �cXq?sbn#u?X?N�f �F�#f��� � 8kPkI1NLZ#;�K/EBK/PcZ[4iR C?6�;=<BYBCBNLK/CJ^L;�6{E <BK/<OPk4LK/CB;=R PQK/C op^�69mF^L8kM$GHE5>�P 4iR C?6{E�4#4L<�C?6Oq?s|�:Z#f g]4 q?s|��s�X�ZF44L8kCJ4�Y�Z[I�NLK/EBPcK�m[^L8 ^#4LC�K/;=CJ4LK/EBPk4+C,6 ^L;�K�ZF^LK+GwC{K/CB;=;=PcK/Z PQ;=Cbf��� ��E ;=EBR PcZ 6�CB;Al PcKOC�4 >AE�PcK GwC?6�R C�^41�YBE�I1N�6Jf]��Z ;�6�R�^ Y�Z[^ N R 8kgSK/EBKOE�l Z ;=K/< R#C q?sb�F��X]Gw8 PkI�EJIy U#I�E�R XFEJl C�YeGwC,69ZF^+K/PcCJ4�R C1]]Pk:?E�RFU+X|Pp4�69K/EJGcGcE,69CBY�;=@BK/CJI�C�4+K+^L4�<JI�C�KAK/CJ^L;�M 5�EBocokEBX�GwCS�+E�NLK�Pw69E 1&7$'=�Q53&1 "/&1 �X�C�K�>�PcK+GcEJ4LYBC�;�R C]l Pp�L;=E�4+K�E�N N+C�G/6�MSE��+E�K/K�;=C,69ZF4 >A;=@B;=C�CBK�Y�ULEJGkGwCJ4 DFC�;'� y �+R E�GkGHE�U f

��¤

cYiqX`}&iLcHZriU��iqXp[Ègpi �|eq¡`»�� iq[¯lQ©sy lQeU��mpc!eU[�\nm`X g`© _&X ��mpg`� lQi·\^X�Z![)\s[t_&[�\nm`XpX�i7le ln[)iJc�X�eq[�\O­ � ���T�hm�_;che7l � ²1¡��U� � V&��©sijZ![ Ç eJc�[�\~l3�UX � V¹lQi¢Zri _l�¨Ae7}&m`\ncÊ��c�\OZ��Jm`X�Zx�q\�iqX#�Lig`i+lQe�X�yJ��ijZÀZ!\^[!yAg&i¢­)y�g&y�cxiJcd_`X�iAm`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X±�p\ni�X�[)cYm`����m`���;e�c)[�\s��iUXp[)yJi�V`��_;\ijZ![�lQiw}�y�cY\s[)eU�`lQi��'eJcY�U¡p\s[)iJ��[)i�g&iwlQe�c!y }&m�ln_&[�\nm`X�g`i �T¤T�&� � � 6)�

�#��� � �¥�����"����+��=>���� ��+��������()�#%�%+�h��*�/���"

Á�_&¡�eU����e�g @�_&��e »Tc � e ls_4�U\ngpiU��iqXp[�\sX`}&iUXp[*m�c)\�y$lQi�Z�cYeU\OZrm`X�Z�g`i$lO©syJ�U¡6i����m�ln\s[�\n�¹_;i g&ijZ��\s��cxijZÀ��u+lslQi�Z�­�_;cYiqXp[���\niUX ZYµ4c�lOi°­)eq\s[�gpiÉlQ©syU[!iqX�g¹_;i g&i�ZcYiLZ/Zrm`_pc!�LijZ���c!m`��cYijZ¦g&i¯lOe���m`X�e�cY�q¡p\ni �lOy7z\s[�\���\s[)y�cxi ln\^z�\niU_�Zri�V|��m`�`_�ln\OZ!��iJVeU�p�`_&\OZ'yq[)cYeqX`ziJc/ZxV�cYyq��cxijZÀZx\nm`X¦iU[h��eUXp\s�`_lQeU[�\nm`X�ZwiUX�[)m�_�Z�z¹iUX�cxiLZ9�Fiq[�gpi�lQiU_�cz¹ijZ![�\nm`X ij­Y­]\n��e��Li·��e�c¾ZÀijZ½c!iU��c!y�ZxiqXp[)eUXp[YZ½ZY_4����iLZ/Zr\R­!Z/��Á¦e�\OZ¾iUlslQi�Z½­t_�c!iUXp[y z¹e lQiq��iUXp[¯lRi>��cYmpg�_&\s[ g`i g`\R­!­)yJcYiUX�g�Z \sXp[)iLcYX�ijZ e _ ��m`_}&iU��iqXp[$iq[Ègpil?> \sX���m`X�Z![)eUX��Ji�g`iAZxiLZ�Zrm`_`[]\�iqX�Zhi �1[)yLc)\�iU_;c/ZÀ�

���������W��� ��-68�%4�/�(9�� �7����% �"���*���SN\����3535�!8�%L��� - �/% ��N 2 )!�/�,�!8�%

a#e��Ji e _!�¿�\^��c!ijZrV³lQe ��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni X�i ­t_&[�(neU��eq\RZ ��m`���`lQ�U[)iq��iUXp[g`yLZxeJc���yJij�`� ijZ'[)e7lOiqXp[YZ'��m�ln\s[�\O��_;i�ZFg`i¢lQ©~\^��eq� �|eU¡`»�¥iU[�g`iªZxm`X�­�\~lCZ���¡p��eJgX�© »ªZrm`Xp[Ê��eLZ�yU[)c!eUX`z¹i�cHZÀ�1�o©sWH��eq��VpiUX�iL­Y­)iq[)V�Zre }&eq\^[X�m`X�Zri _lQiU��iUXp[�c!yU��cY\s��iLc��eU\OZ y z¹e lRiU��iqXp[ �$­)eU\nc!i�g�_��U¡�eJc���ij�$�w²¹\hlQ©sm`XÈi#�eq��\sX�iÆlQ©s�LcYi�g&i �|eU¡`»�±i�[g`©Q��¡p��e�g �Æ��m`X����Jg`i @�_`��e7»Tc � V �wm`XÈZx©seU��iJcYfJm`\^[«��_p©se7_�X�m`����cYi�gpijZ ZÀi��Lc!iU[xZg`i>lQi7_�c ­)mpc!��iJV�g`i>lQiU_;c$��m�_}&mp\�c¾iq[ g`i>lQiU_;cÉlOm`X`z¹y }&\s[)yJV�\~l�» e �JiU[�[!ii#�¹��iU�p[]\�m`XpX�i7lslOi ��eU��eJ�U\s[)y�g&i���\CZxi iUX�Zr�L�UX�i���_;\d­C_`[#lQe�lQiU_pc!Vp�LiU[�[*i���eq��e��U\s[)y|¨��eUXp\s�`_lQi�c$lCiLZ>ZHiUXp[�\s��iUXp[!Z°iq[$lQijZ½��iUXp[)e7ln\^[!y�Z½��m`�`_lQeU\ncYiLZ·iU[ X�m`X ��ejZZri _lCiq��iUXp[¼lQiLZ±��c)\OZxm`X�ZrV+lQijZ�z�lQeq\^}&iLZ�iq[¼lQijZ&H1I�DFS7PsIJB�� 3� ����i ls_p\|��_;\Ag`\s[�lCi��m`Xp[*cYeU\nc!i¯X�i���m`XpX�e � [�c�\niUX ¨��Ji�cYm�»jeU_`��i��§_&[)eÀÅ�eU®�®1\~lO\s[)i¯Xp\ ¨ lQ©~¡p\RZ![)m`\ncxicYyJi lnlOiÂg`i ZreÂcYi lQeq[�\nm`X e }&iJ� lQi ��iU_&�`lQi�� � �C� � �jZ �¹_;i lQe ��c!i�Z/Z!\nm`X g�i�ZcYyL­)mpc)��\RZ![!ijZ�Zri¯­)eq\tZreU\s[�ZxiqXp[�\Oc!V|��¡p��e�g$��cYm`��i�[][)eU\s[�lQijZ�cxyL­)mpc���iLZ���_4i¯Zxm`X����c!i�cYiL­t_6Zxeq\^[!�1�hmpc/Zr�¹_;i)�|eq¡`»��|cYyU��cY\s��eq\^[*V�Zxm`X�­�\~lCZ���m`X�Zrm�lQeU\s[)Vp��cYm`��iU[][)eU\s[hiq[!V­)mpc)[�g&iÄZrijZ�[)e lQiUXp[!Z lQ\s[�[)y�c!eU\QcYijZ iU[-e�c�[]\tZ![�\O��_;i�ZÈiq[�g`i°Zrm`X �U¡�eJc�\tZ!��i � ��Vª\slZry�g¹_;\OZxeq\^[|��m�_;c���\�iU_!��g�\~}\CZxiJcH� � iq�`_p\OZ�Zxm`XÈzm�_}&iJc�X�mpc!eU[ g`i±v'eJi+�LV)Qm&%È\~l­tln\nc�[*i±� .U��i�e7};i��§lQ©~\ng`yLi�g&i�Zxi�­)eU\nc!i�c!i��Jm`XpX�e � [*cYi��Jm`����i�cYm`\k�¥\~l�z¹e z�X�i§lQe��m`X�­]\neUX���i½g`© _&X�i¾��e�c�[]\�i½g`iLZ�m`�p��m�ZxeqXp[YZ�g`i°Zxm`X¿���JcYi½iUX lQi7_pc�lOeq\OZ/ZreUXp[

� �� >9f y Gw} y U#4LEW>AX�~iZ[ULE�I1I�CBR X ZYZ:Z f

� �\e25^[P+P G+: Evl[EBPcK+^#4LC$ZFN NLZL69PQK/PcZF4�M y R CJ4LX C?K R CW6];=CJl C�4+R PcYBE�K�PcZF4�6]R#C,;=<?>AZ ;AI�C$M{Gw8kPp4LK/<B;=PcCJ^L;�[FZF^+P

PkG]: EJl|EBPcK]^#4LC�Y�;=PQK/Pcm�^LCBX ^ 4�I�<BY�Z[4LK/CB4LK/CJI�CB4LK{C�K{R CW6OK�;=E�YBK�61YBZF4LK�;=C�GH8kgSK/EBK=fkfkf�~iEBPw6 GH8kZFN NLZL69PQK/PcZF44L8kEJl E�PQK'E`^LYJ^ 4LCOZ ;AD|EJ4LPH6=EBK/PcZF4+X�C�K�GHCW6{Z ;=PQC�4+K/E�K�PcZF4�6{R C�69C?6{Y�U�CW>=6{EJGkGwE�PQC�4+K'R EJ4�6{K/ZF^�6eGwC?6$69C�4�6OaHfkfkf bvf��Z#;�6�m[^LC EvGw} � EB;=K/PkGcVJ4��+l Pk4LK�X�P G >�PcK'YBC m�^L8kEv^LY�^#4hT�<�I�<J4LPQK/C�4+8kE�l E�PQK�N ^7>�E�PQ;=C Ev^ NLEB;=E`l E�4LK � P G�^ 4LPw>APkE BGH8kZFN NLZ+6�PQK/PcZ[4 ��R PH6 NLC�;�69<BC M Gw8 Pk4+K/<�;=PQC�^+;SC�K'M Gw8kC 1bK�<�;=PQC�^L;�[#I�Z[4LK/;=EOE�^�1"NLEB;=K/Pw69EJ4�6{R C�GcEO;=<?>AZ ;AI�C C?KRF^hYJULE�4#D|CJI�C�4LK GHCW6 I�<�KHU�Z R C?6SR#8kE�YBK/PcZ[4xCBK GwC?6S;=E?6`6�CJI1� GHE�E�^i69CBPk4hR 8 ^ 4LC E`GcGcPQE�4LYBC$4LEBK/PQZF4LEJGwC�f|YBPcK/<CBK�K/;=E�R[^LPcK+NLEB;�EJGw} y U#4LEW>AX = ;

26$64�� � ^ �LEJ:W;��QX = ;

2 $64�

��N�f FtF} F� f���� C?>=>AE�;ADFC�X+q�sYXbs�X�N�f Fn|��} +uFq�XFYBPcKHEJ4LK ��EJ:WCBPk4+XLq?sb�F��X?N�f�X �C�K�63^LP l E�4+K/CW6Jf

��

iUXp[*iUX�g`c!i ��_;© _&X�i ­)m`\tZ e _ ��m�_}&m`\QcYVÈ\ l ��cxmp��yJg`i�c!e e _!� �U¡�eqX`ziq��iUXp[xZg`iq��eUX�g&yjZÀ�±�o©~¡�yU[)yJcYm�z¹yUX6yU\s[)y ¨>lQe ­)m`\OZ°Zrmp��\Oe7lOi iq[È\�g&y�m`lQm�z1\n�¹_;i gpi Zri�Zm`�p��m�ZreUXp[YZ�ls_&\�­)e��q\~lO\s[)e$zc!eUX�g`iq��iqXp[�lQe¾[����q¡�i�����i�c)[)eU\sX�ijZ eU�p��eJc�[)iqX�eUX���iLZ[)c!e�g�\s[�\nm`XpX�i7l^lRijZ��Jm`X�ZxiJc*};��c!iUXp[�iUX½iL­Y­*iU[�lQiU_pc¥��m`[*iUXp[�\ni l«gpi¦g�\^}¹\RZr\�m`X½�1_;i�lCi[)c��`X�i¼Z�_&[h[)m�_!(nm`_pcxZ'i �1�`lQm`\^[!iJcH����_��Jm�_pc/Zwg`i�lQ©seUXpX�yJi ��¤T��� V�e7lQmpcHZF��_;©^¨¼�wg`i�XlQijZA�\s��cxijZ �U¡�eL­)yU\s[)iLZA�6cYiUXpX�iqXp[Fg`iªlO©~\s����mpc�[*eUX��Li�Vg¹_È­*eU\s[Fg`iªlOiU_;c/ZA��m�»jiUX#Z­�\sX�eqX��U\ni�cxZxV�`l^_6ZY\niU_;c/Z�g&ijZ�­*m`X�g`eU[*i _�cxZ��Le »jg�\s[!ijZ���i _Æ¡�eU�p\s[t_;yjZ ¨ .U[!cYiAcxi7lOy7z1_;y�Ze _�Zri��Jm`X�g¼�`lQeUX�VcYiqXp[)cYiqXp[#¨wv�eJi+����m�_;c Zri�c!e lsln\niLcÊe _���c)\^X��Ji+¡�yJc�\s[)\�iJcH�

���������1� �G��3 8+N N\8 35��% �C3 ��% �"��� ��)��7�"�73W- � �4�/9�� �/- �!�"� ��� � R�9���3 � �-68�� ����% �73W- �

�oeª��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni±Z)_�c*}�y��U_&[ � i7lslCiª��e�c!��i��1_pi¼lQe±Zrmp��\nyU[)y¼»jyU��yUXp\s[)iªX�©syU[)eq\�[��ejZ iUX��JmpcYi �ªµ;cYi½��m�_pc�_`X�iËcYyU}&m�ls_&[)\�m`X m�_;V���e�cY�Ji°��_;i>ZxiLZ���c!iU��\OiJc/Zm`�p��m�ZreUXp[YZAX�i±Z)_;cYiqXp[�(neq��eU\OZ|��m`X���_;yLc�\Qc+_&X�iª��eLZxiª��m`�`_lQeU\ncYiA� @w_&��e7»Tc � V�lCilQi�eJg`i�c|g`yLf7_�g`iªlQe§��c!iU��\��JcxiÆz¹yUX�yJcYeq[�\nm`XÈg`©sm`�p��m�ZreUXp[YZrVÊ��iUX�Zri±��_;i���i�Zxm`Xp[Z)_pc)[)m`_`[#lQi�Z"�wiLcYc!iU_;c/Z�g&ijZ��Ê\s�6cYiLZ$� ��� ��_p\�m`Xp[)VpiqX���_;iUlQ�¹_;i¼Zrmpc�[)iJV`��cxyU�ª_&Xp\plCe��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni�g`© _&X�i��U¡`_&[)i��1_;i§lQijZ���yJ��m`Xp[)iqXp[)i���iUXp[!Z�eJ���7_`��_lCyLZ�g&eUX�Z|_`X6ilQe�c�zi'��e�c�[]\�iFg`i�lOe'��m`�`_lOeq[�\nm`X�e _;cYeq\niUXp[#g1µ±­*eU\ncYi¢Z)_;c*};iUXp\nc#�p\�iqX��`ls_�Z[��`[Y��oijZ�m`�p��m�ZreUXp[!Z��¹_&\�ls_&[�[)eU\QiUXp[���m`Xp[*cYi�_`XÄcYy z¹\���i�g`m`Xp[�lQe�lCy7z1\s[�\s��\s[)y¯yq[)eU\s[ijZÀZriUXp[�\Qi lslCiq��iUXp[Fcxi ln\^z�\niU_�Zxi�Zxi�Zrm`Xp[�yJ��eJc�[!yjZ g`eqX`ziJcYi7_�ZriU��iUXp[«g`iLZ¼Zr�U¡�yq��e�ZiU[|g&ijZ�c!yj­)yLc!iUX��JijZ�g`i�lOe���iUX�ZÀyJi±��m`�`_lOeq\Oc!ij�#��ijZÃm`�p��m�ZxeqXp[YZ¥e7_�[*cB�`X�i�m`Xp[m�_&�`ln\�yA��_4i � � � g`i+lQe+��m`�`_lQeU[]\�m`X�m�_��`ln_�Z}\^};eU\s[�lQm`\sX�g`iLZ���iqXp[)cxijZ_pc)��eU\sX�ZrVg`eqX�Z�lQ© _&Xp\~}&iLcxZAZ�» ����m�lO\n�¹_;i¥g`© _&X�i���e7»1ZreUXpX�i�c)\niª��m�_&��yJi¼g&i�[)m;_&[)i�\sX�­tln_;iUX��Li��mpg`iJc�Xp\OZ![)ij�`��lOmpcxZ���_;i�lQ©^Wx��eU� e }�eU\s[hZ�_;V¹ls_&\`��m`�p\~ln\RZriLcdlQijZh[!c)\^�`_6Z���m`Xp[*cYi+lQi�Z0¥[�[)m`��eqX�ZAiqX �'i �1�`lQm`\s[)eUXp[�lRi _4c+��iUX��q¡�eUXp['cxi7ln\^z�\�i7_!��iq[�lOi7_�c¢ZriUX�Z«e�c!eU��i�gpilQ©~¡�m`XpX�i _;c{��ZrijZ�m`�p��m�ZxeqXp[YZ�m`Xp[±­*eU\s[¼lQ©si�c!cYiU_;c�g`i���cYeqX�g�\nc�gpijZ�cxyj­*y�cYiqX��Ji�Z��mpg`iJc�X�iLZh�1_`\1lQiU_;cÊyq[)eU\niUXp[byU[!cYeqX`z�JcYijZ

4. 1948-1962 : DES OUVERTURES AVORTEES AUX ECHEANCES MANQUEES

uAZY[ � �Ji¼��eJcw_&X�iªc!y�e��q[�\nm`X�V���m`����c!yU¡�iqX�Zx\s�`lOiJV�¨ÃlR©sejZÀZxeLZ/Z!\sX�eU[�g`i§Zrm`X����JcYi¥��e�c��i7_!��g`m`Xp[|\ lwe }�eU\s[��Jc�_$Zr©/.U[!cYi�­*eU\s[|g`iLZ�eU��\OZ¥m`_��p\niqX$g�_ ­)eq\s[�g&i-Zre�ZriU_lCiX�eU[C_pc!i�V¥�¹_;©Q��¡p��eJg>ºÆeU� � g e7l ��� � X�V _&X�i¾­)m`\tZ e _ ��m�_}&m`\Oc!V }�eÉ[)c!��Z�}\s[!im�_&�`ln\�iLc lCijZ ��cYm`��i�ZÀZxi�Z g`©sm�_`}�i�c�[�_;cxi�V g`©~\nX�ZY[�\s[t_&[�\nm`XpX�e7l�\OZreU[�\nm`X iU[ gpiln\s��y�cYe7lO\OZ!��i³­*eU\s[)ijZÃ��_�i lR��_pi�Z|��m`\OZ|�`ls_�Z|[��`[¢�A�oi�Zx�JyUX�e�cY\nm���_;\�VhiqX �L� eUX�ZrV��m`X�g1_&\^[è Zre��U¡p_&[)i�V'¨¦��i lnlQi�gpi³lQe¦g¹»LX�eLZY[)\ni ­!m`X�g&y�i���e�c§Zrm`X$z¹cYeUX�g � ����cxi

���� >9f y Gw} ^ �LEJ:?; �QX�~h^ U+E�I1I�EBRh~hEJU I1�LR X]q�s#uW��X�MND G � 5*034' 1D �H3I14/ *D G)03 39� 1,'$"#"/ �3J �3$�� , 1D G 4 (3 � ,� 1D G

"/ �� 10�$"#"/ ?f ak��C?6&�LE?6�CB6'PQR <�Z[GwZFDFPkmF^LC�6]R CeGcE{NLC�4�6�<BC$R CSGHE�;=<Jl ZFGc^LK�PcZF4�:W<JI�<�4+PcK/C7b��'CJ:?;=ZF^LKHULX � V�;'EJGw}� E`_�R E�f

� �

Á¦eUX�Z)µ;cYV#iU[�¨ª�Ji l�lQi¥g`©~_&X�\s��eU��eq[��Le7»Tg�\s[!i��`l�_�Z«��_;i¥��\ lnlQyUX�eU\ncxiJV�X�©sijZ!['��iJc�[!i�Z��ejZFl�\sX�yJeU\ncYiL� � i�Z|m�_&}&i�c)[*_;cxiLZxVy���m`X�m`��\n�1_pi�ZrVÊg\s�`lOm`��eq[�\n�¹_;ijZ�iU[���m�ln\s[�\Q��_4i�ZcYyJi lnlOiLZh}&m`Xp[Ê��i7l6iU[Ê�p\niqX�.U[)c!i¢i �1�`lQmpcYyJijZ ��� V`��eq\OZ�i7lslOiLZh}&m`Xp[�Zr©se }&yJcYiLc�¨«lQe�­)m`\OZ\sX�Z�_�­!­�\OZxeqXp[)ijZrV"�w��m�Z!��yU[�\Q�¹_;ijZ,�±lQi��`l�_�Z�Zxm�_};i�Xp[)V�iq[�iqX¾g&i�c�Xp\n�JcYi�\sX�ZY[)eqX���iJV��m`Xp[*cYi � ��c!mpg¹_��q[�\~};ijZÀ� �oi ��iLcxZxm`XpX�e7zi g`©Q��¡���e�g&V ��e7lQe�g`i �U¡�c!m`Xp\O��_;iLV��mpc��p¡p\sX�m`��eqX�i�V���mpc!cYm`���`_ � � iq[�ls_&X�eU[�\Q��_�i�Vª��mpc)[)i$_`X�i$lQm;_;c!gpi ��eJc�[�gpicYiLZY��m`X�ZreU�p\~ln\s[)y�g&eUX�Z#lQe�g`y7zc!e�g&eU[�\nm`X�g`iAZxm`X�c!y z�\���iL��oe �¹_;ijZ![)\nm`X »jyU��yUX�\s[)i�V \Oc!cxyjZ!\tZ![�\s�`lOiq��iqXp[)V Zr©~\sXp[)i�c)X�eU[�\nm`X�e ln\OZrij� * \lQ©siUX`}\ncYm`XpX�iq��iUXp[|eJcYeU��i tZxeJm�_;g`\�iqX m�_ÈyUzT»L�p[�\ni�X��¥Xp\hlQi§}&m`\OZx\sXÈ��c�\s[)eUXpXp\n�1_�iX�iªZxm`Xp['Z)»1Z![)yU��eq[�\O��_�iq��iUXp[�¡�m�ZY[]\ lRijZF¨¢lQe���m`X�e�cY�q¡p\nij��WYlCZ'[)iUXp[)iqXp[�[*eUXp[��p\�i�X��_;i+��e l4g`©siUXp[*cYiU[*iUX�\�ce }&iL��lQ©^Wx��eU�Âg&ijZocYiUlQeU[]\�m`X�Zog�\s�`lQm`��eU[]\��1_;ijZ��Jm�_pc)[)mp\RZrijZHV}&m`\ncYi'��e�cx­)m`\tZog`i¢Z!\~z1X�iLcgpijZoe��J��m�cYg4Z � � �TÁ�eq\OZh\ncxcYy�Z!\RZ![�\s�`lCiq��iUXp[)V�lQi�ZoyL��_;\~l�\s�6cxi�Z\sXp[)i�c)X�ijZ g`©seU��mpc!g`V�i#��[)i�c)X�ijZ iUX�Z)_p\s[)i�V±}&m`Xp[ Zxi g`y z¹cYeJg`iJc ��+ � � i Z!\^���`lRi�Z\sXp[)c�\~z1_;iLZ¥gpi�Z)_��J��ijZ ZY\nm`X e _ Zxi�\sX g`i�lOe���eU\OZxmpXȺ�eq� � g�e l ��� � X¾Zri±� .UlQiUXp[g`yLZxmpc)��eU\OZ�\sX�i �1[!c�\n��eq�`lOiq��iqXp[�e _r(ni _³g`i�lQ©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X���mpg`iJc�Xp\OZ![YiL�`u'X���e�cxZ��¤�� � Vb´^����g`e lslQeU¡�V�Zrm`X���c!m`��cYi¼­*cY�JcYi�Vp[)iqXp[)i�e }�i���lQ©seU\ng`i g`i�lQ© _&X�g&i¼ZrijZ'g&iU��\ �­)c!��c!i�Z�iq[A�Ji lslCi�g`© _&XÈm�­Y­]\n�U\ni�c!V���¡p��e�g�e l � v�¡`_�l � »��Vhg`i���cYiqX�g`c!iÆlQi���m`Xp[)c���lCig¹_���e7lOeq\OZhg&iwvwe�i+�Aiq[#g`i�lQ©^y7}\sX���iJc � �H�WÀcYcYyLZY\CZY[]\^�`lRiU��iqXp[)VblQ©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X�y��7lOeq\ncxy�iª��i�c!g¯i�Z!��m`\ncAg`eqX�Z�lQijZA��iLcxZY��iJ�U[)\~}&i�Zg¹_ÉcYyj­*mpc���\CZY��iA��iUX ��¤�� £TVh_`X�i±z¹cYeqX�g`i���e�c)[�\ni�g&ijZ��\s��cYi�Z�i �1\~lOyLZ�¨-�wg`i�Xe�g&m`�p[)iw_&X�i�l�\~z�X�i�c!yU�`_&�`ln\O��eq\sX�i�i#���`l�\n��\s[)iq��iUXp[#cxy7}&m�ls_`[)\nm`XpX�eU\nc!i � �H��oijZ�eJ���Lc!mp�U¡�e z¹ijZ�iqXp[)cYi�lQi�[)c��`X�i¢iq[�lCijZo[Yc)\s�`_�Z�ZÀi��ª_&ln[�\s�`l�\QiUXp[)V&g`eqX�ZÊlCiA�Je�gpcxig`iLZ¥e7l^lQy7ziJeUX���i�Z [)c�\s��e7lOiLZ¥�UlQejZÀZ!\O��_�iLZ¥m�_;V �`ls_�Z�g`eqX`ziJcYi7_�ZriU��iUXp[*V�eq��cY�jZÃ��_�ig`iLZ eJ���Jmpcxg4Z g`©sejZÀZxmp��\neq[�\nm`X Zxm`\niUXp[ \sXp[)iJc*};i�X`_�Z e7}&i�� lQi�Z ­)mpc���eq[�\nm`X�Zg`©sm`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X��&iUX�g&y��JiU����cYi �1¤��1¤ V�lRijZ���m`X�­*y�gpyJcYeU[]\�m`X�Z�º �jZ!¡p\�g�iU[ < eU® � l6i�X

����{4�Z#;AD|EJ4LC�C 1b<BY�^+K/Pw> YBZFGcGH<�DFPcEJGwX 69Z ;=K/C�R#CS\SY�ZF4�6�CBPkG+R CW6 I�Pk4+Pw6=K�;=CW6 d C?69K�Y�;=<B<�f?~iEBPw6&PkGLC?69K�;=<W69CB;Al[<BX

M�NLCJ^jR C�Y�U+ZL69CW65NL;=@W69X]E`^�1)I�CJI1�L;=C?61R C�GwEh>AEJI�P GcGHC ;=Z[:WEJGcCbf y U#I�E�R NL;=CJ4LRj69Z Pk4jR Ch;=CBYB;A^LK/CB;mF^LCvGwm�^LC?6&ULE`^LK�6S>AZ[4LY�K�PcZF4 4+E�PQ;=CW6]YJULE?>A<�PQK/CW6Jfb� CW6&I�Pc6`6 PcZF4�6]R#8k<�KH^+R C$MSGw8k<BK/;=EJ4 D|CB;!69C{I1^FGwK/PpN GwPQC�4LK fbg]4g]Db:BNLK/C R 8kE��+Z ;=R X+N ^LPH6SM$N+E�;=K/PQ;!R#C�q?sb�YX�XLCJ4�3!Y�U+<�YBZL6 GwZFl EBm�^[PQCbfF��8k<BYBZF4LZ#I�PcC 698kZF^ l ;=C�M mF^LC`GHmb^+CW6NL;=Z oQC�KA6�4LZ[^ l C�EJ^�1 ��GHCW6 I�Pk4LC?6�R C�69CJG R C ,�E�G �H>AX?GwC{R <`l CJGwZFN N+C�I�CJ4LK�R 8 ^ 4+CSI�EB;=Pk4LC{Y�ZFI1I�CB;=YBPcEJGwC�f� �/=G�E NL;=E�K�Pcm�^L<jYBCjmF^LCj69C?6 R <BK/;=EBY�K/CJ^L;�6�E�N N+C�GQGwCB;=ZF4LK�GwE \]4LEBK/PcZ[4LE�GcPH69E�K/PQZF4 I1^LK/E`_$E�a�aFP GwPcK�C]dvX

698kE�N#NL;=ZFNL;=PQE�4LKSM�K/PcK�;=C1NLCB;�69Z 4 4+C�G'GHCW6 K/CB;=;=CW6 R C�6�C?6 ZFN NLZL69EJ4LK�6 R <BY�U ^�6�CBKSR <BK/ZF^L;A4LEJ4LK]GHCW6 �LPcCJ4�6E?>=>AC�YBK/<?6'E`^41 >AZ[4LR EBK/PcZF4�6';=CJGwP DFPcC`^�69C?6Jf� �� 8kE�K�K/PcKH^+R C R#C � ZF4LR ;=C?6{C�K'R[^ � EBPc;=C M�GH8k<`D|EB;=RhR C?6SZFN#NLZL69E�4+K�6e:W<JI�<�4+PcK/C?6el[EB;=PcCB;=EOE`^hD|;=<OR C$GHE

mF^LEvGcPcK/<$R C{GwCJ^L;�6&;=C�GHE�K�PcZF4�6]Evl[CBY{Gw80/ I�E�I CBK/XL698kE`DFPc6`6�EJ4LK R CW6 �&;�PQK/E�4#4LPcmF^+C�69X R C{Gw8 E�K�K/PcKH^+R C$R CSGH80/=I�EJIl Pw6�M]l PH6�R C?6'K/;=Pp� ^L6';=CJ�LCJGcGHCW6�R#CW6 NL;=Z K/CBYBK/ZL;=EBK�6&RF^ ,�^ R�f �{4LCSEJGcGcPcEJ4LYBC�;=<JDbPcZF4+E�GHC\a y ;=E��LPQC ,�EBZF^ R PcK/CBXT�<JI�C�4 C�K�g]Db:BNLK/C7bhKAZF^L;A4L<BC Y�ZF4�K/;=C GwE�PO;=EJ4LR C �';=CBK/EJDb4LC C?6�K�69P Db4L<BC C�4 E`l ;=PkG qBsb�YX#f � CBK/K/CNL<B;=PcZ R#C�C?6�K�KAZF^LK�R#CSI��JI�C�YBC�GQGwC�R#8 ^ 4LC�;=CJGwEBK/Ppl[C{ZF^Fl C�;=KH^+;=C,6 ^L; Gw8kC 1bK/<B;=PcCJ^L;�CBK�R CSGHE�YBZF4LYJGc^L69PcZF4�R CN GQ^�69PcC`^L;�6eK/;=EBPcK/<?6SR 8kEJI�PcK�Pc<�CBK�R C�YBZ I1I�CB;=Y?C �FE�l CBY$Gw8 � ]�, ,UaHq?sb�F�Cb=X#Gw8 y GkGwCJI�E�D�4LC�R C$GH8kg�69K�a�qWsF�YXCbCBK+GwE � ULPk4LCOa/q?sb�YX$CBK'q�s�� u"b`f� � g]4LK�;=C q?sF�|� CBK+GwE�;=<Jl Z�Gc^LK/PQZF4�R COq�sYX FXFZF4�R <J4LZFI��L;=CSNLE?6&I�Z Pp4�6'R#C�mF^LEBK/;=C{E�K/K�C�4LK�E�K�6&YBZF4�K�;=CSGwENLCB;�69ZF4L4+C�R CeGw8kPkI�EJIhf� � � CJ4 4LCB;=X�q?s:X X�X�N�f|qFq�� CBK�6A^ Pkl EJ4LK/C?6�[ � ZF^ D?GwE?69X q?sFubn�X?N�f q?u�X�} q?s +f� � � ZF4+K'GHCW6$K�C�; I�CW6�69ZF4+KSC21�N GwPQY�PQK/<W6 R E�4�6{^ 4 R Z YJ^ I�C�4+K'N ^#� GwPQ<1C�4jq�sF�(XxM y R CJ4�69ZF^�6SGHC1K/PcK�;�C\]~iE�K�V`GwPp�5EJGw}=6 ULEW� �1d ak��C?6'R#C�I�EJ4LR C?6�RF^ONLCJ^ N GwC7b`f

�1�

}\niUXpX�iqXp['i lnlQijZ � �r.U��iLZA¨�­)m`��iqXp[)i�cA�Jm`Xp[)cYi�lO©sW/��eq� + 6 � ��_;i lQ�¹_;ijZF��m`\tZF�`ls_#Z[)eJcYg`VFe _ ��m�_�cxZ�g`©~_&X°iqXp[)cYiq[�\niqX°�1_p©~\~l e }�eU\s[¥��m�_pc)[)eUXp[�ln_`\ �;� .U��i�Zxm�lsln\O�q\^[*yLVlQ©sWH��eq� ­*eU\s[�ejZÀZrejZÀZY\sX�i�c�lQi��q¡�iq\^®�¡ Z!_`��c?.q��i�g`i�Z'º �jZ!¡p\ng`Vpºª_�Zre » X¦e l � ��¡p��e�ciU[�Zrm`X ­�\~lCZxVAº�eq��\ng4�|��iU[�[*i�iUXp[)mpcxZxi���e#(ni _;cYiÈe7_]�½c!� zTlQijZ�g&i lQ©~¡�m�ZY�p\s[)e7l�\s[!y��m`X�g1_&\^[A�`ls_�Zx\niU_;cHZ|lCi�eJg`iJcHZ�[*cY\^��e7_!��¨±[)cYm�_}&iJc¥cYij­C_z&i�e _&��c!�jZ¥g&ijZ|�h\s��cYiLZ¥¨�wg&iUX��¿� iU[�[)i cYy7}&m�ln[Yi iLZY[ lQ©seUXp[]\��q¡�eU����c!i g&i [)m�_&[)i _&X�i ZxyLc)\ni gpi��eUXp\O­*ijZ![)eU[�\nm`X�Z�g`i|g`yL­�\neUX��Ji��1lQijZ�zc!�U}&ijZw��_p\�mpXp[O(nm�_;y«_&X¦cB��lQi|�LiUXp[)c!e l6g`eqX�ZlQe ��m`Xp[*y�i½iUX¿�p_&\RZ ZxeqX���i½g�_Â��m�_`}&iq��iUXp[�X�eU[]\�m`X�e7l�e _ ²�_;g ­*m`Xp[�lQi _6ceU�p��eJc�\s[�\nm`X�e _ * mpc!g`Vg`iLZÊ��eqXp\R­*ijZ![)eU[]\�m`X�Zog`iFc*_;i�iq[#g`iLZheq[�[)iqXp[)eU[YZoi#����c�\s��iUXp[_&X�g`yLZxe7}&iU_-��_4iÃlQ©sm`X�ZxiqXp[���cYyLZxiqXp['e _�ZriU\sX�g`i��JeU[)y7zmpc)\nijZ«g`i¼�`ln_�ZAiqX��`l^_6ZlQe�c�ziLZhg&iwlQe+��m`�`_lQeU[�\nm`X���yU[C_pg\neUXp[YZrV1��\ ln\s[)eq\�c!i�Zhiq[ÊZ)_pc)[)m�_&[�[!c�\s�`_�Z/�u'X°e7}&c�\~l ��¤ £ � VwlQ©~\^��eq� ��¡p��e�g¾iLZY[ƨ�X�m�_�}�iLe _$}¹\��q[)\^��i�g&© _`X6i�[)iqXp[)eU[�\~};ig`©seLZ/ZrejZÀZY\sX�eq[�¨�º¼_;g&e »Tg&ej���oi�Z���m`[�\~}&eq[�\nm`X�Z¦gpi¯lO©se7_`[*iU_pc�g&i lQ©seU[�[)iqXp[)eU[�X�icYi7lQ�U}&iUXp[���iLc)[)ijZ'��eLZFg`i¢lQe ��z¹cYeUX�g&i�����m�ln\s[)\��1_;i + �#��eq\RZ���¡p��e�g&VOO��_&\#e¥cYiTfU_�`ls_�ZY\Qi _�cxZ���e7lslOiLZ9��iLZY[�g&yjZrm�c)��eU\OZ�zc!eU��eU[*eU\ncYiL�¥WYl�g&m`\s[ OiUXÂmp�q[)m`��cYi ��¤ £ � ���m`X�­]\ni�cÉlQ©si�Z/ZriUXp[�\Qi l gpi Zxi�Z¾��c!yLcYm�z¹eU[�\~}&i�Z ¨ Zrm`X ­]\~ltZ < eJg`cH���ompcxZ½g`©~_`X��cYyJ��yJgpiUXp[¢Zry#(nm`_;c¢[�¡�y�c!eU��i7_`[)\n�¹_;i�g&i³Zrm`X����Lc!i�iUXÈWx[)e7l�\niJV < eJg`c¼Zr©syU[)eq\^[«g`y+(n¨­)eq��\~l�\neJc�\OZÀy½e }&iL�$lCi¾��m�_}&m`\Ocx��²�e$}&m�lQm`Xp[)y°gpi½cYyL­)mpc)��iLZÈiU[-g`©sm�_`}�i�c�[�_;cxi�X�m`[)eq����iUXp[¥iqX½g�\ncYiJ�U[�\nm`X½g&i³lQ©~uwz�»L�p[)i?�ªl�_&\FeU}&eU\s[¢}�e ls_ g`eUX�Z�_`X¾��c!iU��\niLc[)iq����Z±_&X �Li�c�[*eU\sX·X�m`����cYiÈg`i$Z)»L����eU[]¡p\�iLZ/��²�m`X·\sX���eq��e��q\^[*y�¨¯[)iqXp\�c�Zri�Z��m�µ&[)i7_�ZrijZ ��c!m`��ijZÀZxi�ZrV iq[ X�m`[)eU����iqXp[ ��iUlslQijZ ­)eU\s[)i�Z e _!� ��\~lO\s[)eq\�cxiLZg`©se7_�z���iUXp[*i�c¢lCi7_�cHZ�Zrm�lQgpijZrV lQ©se }&eq\^[ iUX�Z!_`\s[)i¦��m`X�g1_`\s[ g`eqX�Z�_`X�i�g&eUX`z¹iLcYi _6ZÀi\s����ejZÀZxiA����m�_pcF��e7l���iJcwlRijZF��\ lQ\s[)eU\ncYi�ZrV�\~lhe7}&eU\s[)V#e7_]��[)c�\s�`_�ZA�Liq[�[)i�­)m`\OZxV�}&iJc/ZÀyg`i¢Z)_&��ZY[*eUXp[�\Qi lCZ�ZY_&��Z!\Og`iLZ/�¹²m`X±���JcYi�V&eU��c!y z&iJeUXp[hZxm`X�}&m�»je z¹i�V`e7}&eU\s[iUXp[*cYiU��cY\CZZreUX�Z¥[)c!m`�¾g`i���yUX�e7ziq��iUXp[)V�gpi±lRijZÆcYy��U_&��yJcxi�cxV�iqX`}&iUXp\s��eUXp[¥Zri�Z�c!i lQeU[�\nm`X#Ze }�i���lOiLZ��4ls_�Z��4_&\OZ7ZreUXp[)iLZ��Jm`X�­)yJg`y�c!eU[�\nm`X�ZÀ�1�om�cxZÀ��_piJV�lCi ��¤ ZriU�p[)iq����cYi ��¤ £��¹V< e�g`c�Z�_;�L���Jg`i�¨ÈZxm`X·����cxiJV���mpc)[�g`iLZ�Z�_&\�[*ijZ¦g`i�lO©seq[�[)iUXp[*eU[�g`©se7}&c�\~l �¹¤ £ � V�`ls_�ZY\Qi _�cxZ���iq����cYijZwg`i�lQeA��cxiU��\n�LcYiAzyqX�y�cYeq[�\nm4X³g`ijZ��\^��cxiLZ�X�i���eJ�U¡�iUXp[��e�Z_&X�iA�Li�c)[)eU\sX�i�Zxeq[�\OZ/­*e��U[]\�m`X��¹²iU���`lQeUXp[#lOi7_�chg&m`XpX�iJc�c!eU\OZxm`X�V < eJg`c�Zr©�iq����cYijZ ZxiJV��e�cÊ_&X�iÃZry�c)\Oi|g`iA��ijZY_;cxiLZ ln\s��yLcYe7lQijZrVpg`i�ZÀi¢g&yU��e�c!��_4i�c�g`i�lQe«lQ\ z�X�iA��m�l�\s[�\Q��_�ig`i�Zrm`X°��cYyLg&y���i�ZÀZriU_pcx�FWrlÃg`yL�JcY�q[Yi�_`X�i�eU��Xp\OZx[]\�i���m�ln\s[�\n�1_pi�z&yqX�y�cYe7lCiJV+_`X6ilQe�c�zi¦cYiU��\CZxi�gpiLZ�gpiU[�[)iLZª�`_&�`ln\O��_4ijZrV�_&X�i�ZY_&��Zx[)eqXp[�\ni lslQi�eU_�z���iUXp[*eU[�\nm`X¾g&i�ZZre lQeU\ncYiLZ'gpiLZ���\~ln\^[*e�\�c!i�Z'iq[�g`ijZFZ�_&��Zx\ng&i�Z'e _!��[)c)\��`_�Z'eq\sX�ZY\nV�iU[�Z)_pc)[)m`_`[*V���_;© _&X�ieU��m�ln\s[�\nm`X Zrm�lQiUXpX�i lslRi g�_ cxy7z1\s��i°g&i�Z�m`[*e z¹ijZ + �����om�_;c�[*eUXp[)Vª��m`\sX�Z�g`© _pX6iZriU��eU\sX�i��`ls_�Z�[)e�c!g`V¼´^����g&e lnlOeq¡ e7l � ²e lsl3� l + � V¼Zrm`X·��cYm`��cYiÈ�q¡�ij­�g`iLZ�zeJcYg`i�ZHVX�m�_}&i lslRiU��iUXp[ÃeU�p��m`\sXp[)y�V'm�_}&c!i³lQi ­*i _½ZY_;cÃlQi���e lQeq\RZÆg¹_ (ni _&X�i�Zxm�_&}&i�c!eU\�X

� � � 8k<�l <J4LCJI�C�4LK&CW69K'YBZF4+4 ^769ZF^�6 GwC$4LZ[I R C�\ � ZFI1N GwZ#K'R C ,B^La�U 4LE]d?f � E�;=C�4+Y�ZF4+K�;=CO;=<�^#4LPcK'R#CW6I�CJI1�L;�C?6)R C?6)R C`^�1 Y�Z[4�>A<�R#<�;=EBK/PcZ[4�6�I�E�PH6h<JDbEJGwCJI�C�4LK�R C?6�I�PkGcPcK�E�PQ;=CW6�C�K"N Gk^�69PcCv^L;�6�I�C�I1�+;=CW6NLEB;AI�PFGwC?6 N GQ^L6�\!K�;=E�R PQK/PcZ[4LE`GwPH69K/CW6zd!RF^OI�ZF^ l C�I�CJ4LK�R C?6&��Pk�L;=C?6Jf� � ��8kEJ^LK/CJ^L;=X�^#4iI�PpGcPcK/EBPc;=CBX�EOl Z�^ Gk^�6�COl CJ4 D|CB;�R#CO4L8kE�l Z PQ;SNLE?6eN ^�6�C1;=CJ4LR ;=C1CB4 g]^L;=ZFN+C1NLZF^+;S:;=CBY�CJl Z Pc; GwC?6'69Z Pp4�6�I�<BRFPcYBE�^41,R#ZF4LK�P GLC?69K/PkI�E�PQKLEJl Z Pc; �LC?69Z Pk4 f� � y GwC 1bEJ4LR ;=ZFl X 8'4� 1D $ $cX q?sbs+q�f+=� 3!;=@?6169PkDb4+Pw>APcYJE�K/Ppl C�I�CJ4LK/X!� y �LR EJGcGHE�U E�GH} ,�E�GkGHV�G!Eh>AEBPcKeNLE�;=K�PcC�R C�GwE�NL;=CJI�Pc@B;=C�I�Pw6`69PcZF4 I�PkGwPQK/EBPc;=C>AZ ;AI�<BC�M �'E�DFRFE�R1CJ4xq?s��|�#f

� �

��_;© \sl�lQeq\RZ Zxi n��iUX�ZÀi � [ � \slc�'��m�_pc���mpc)[)V�iq[�­)m`X�g&i lRe¢��cYiq��\n��cxi�cxyq�`_`�`ln\Q�¹_;i�gpi�lQe��yUXp\sX�Z)_lOi��+cYeq�p\��1_;ij�

� �

CONCLUSION: LA REPUBLIQUE « INACHEVEE »

��}�i�� lQe°�q¡`_`[!i°g&i lQe°g¹» X�ejZ![�\ni º�eq� � g¿e l ��� � X�V��`ls_�Z g`i ��\~lslCiËeUXpX�y�iLZg`©~\s��eU��eq[��Le »jg�\s[)i¢��c!iUXpX�iUXp[�­]\sX��`uAZ![ � ��i�lQe�g&yj­!eU\s[)i g`© _&X Z)»1Z![!�U��i�m�_³g`iªZri�ZcYiq��cYy�ZriUXp[)eqXp[YZÀ��uAZ![ � �Jiªgpy#(n¨�_`X�i¼}¹\O�U[*m`\�c!i�g`i�lOe��7_l�[�_;cxiªcxyq�`_&�`l�\Q��eq\^X�i����oi�ZcYyq��m`X�ZxiLZÂX�i Zre _4cYeU\niqXp[ .U[!c!i ��m`X�m�ln\s[�¡p\O��_4i�Z/� < e�g&cYV ­�\sX�eqX���y ��e�c lOiLZ²e�m�_;g�\niqX�Z�iU[#lOiLZ < c)\^[*eUXpXp\n�¹_;ijZrV¹}�e�[)iUXp\Qc [�.q[!i���iUX�g`eqXp[#��cY�jZ g`i�¡`_p\s[eUXpX�yJi�Ze _!� [)cYm�_&��iLZ cxyU�`_&�`lO\n��eq\sX�ijZ iUlslQi�Z � � .U��i�Z g�\nc!iL�U[)iq��iUXp[ eU�p�`_»TyJi�Z ��e�clQ©se�c���yJi y7z�» �p[�\OiqXpX�ij�°�oe ��m`X�e�cY�q¡p\ni �JeU��eU�`lQi g`© _&X�i c!y�ZY\OZ![)eUX��Ji ��eLZZri _lCiq��iUXp[�e�c���y�iJV¢��m`Xp[)c!iÉe7lQm�cxZ���_;©siUl^lQi ijZ![±lQm`\^X g`©/.U[!c!iÉgpyq��m�_;c*}_;i$gpicYiLZ/Zrm`_pc!�LijZ +=� � < eJg`cAX�©^e���ejZ|¡�yJc�\s[)y�g`ijZ �Jm`Xp[)iUXp[�\Qi _!��g&i³Zrm`X����Jcxi±e7}&i��§lRi�Z[)c)\^�`_�ZÀ�·²e ��eq��e��q\^[*y ¨ lOiLZ ��m`�p\~lO\OZriLc ijZ![ g`m`X�� iqX���mpc!i lOeJc*z¹iU��iUXp[­)m`X��q[�\nm`XpX�i lslQij�p�#ls_�Z ZY\~z�Xp\R­)\n�JeU[�\~}&iq��iqXp[)VÊZxiLZAeq���`_&\OZ�X�i�Zxm`Xp[���ejZ|ZxiU_lCiq��iUXp[��[)cYeJg�\s[�\nm`XpX�i lCZ,�j� ��vwm�_�Z ��m`���p[*ijZ ­)eq\s[HZrV (n©�e7_;cYeU\OZ �6cYyL­)y�cxy < e�g&c e _!���\~ln\^[*eU\Oc!ijZ,�ÉZriÉZri�cYe�\s[ÆyL��c�\Qy ��¡p��eJg * _�´ � �UXÄg`i }�eUXp[ªlQijZ³cYe��J��m`_;cY��\OZ��1_�i��cYiqX�eU\niUXp[�¨ªZxiLZ�»Ti7_]��lCiLZ'��\~lO\s[)eU\nc!i�ZFe }&iJ� lRijZ'\ngpy�e7_!��g&ijZ��\s��c!ijZÀ��²1\^X`zT_`ln\n�LcxicYi7}&eUX��q¡�ij�²1\~z1X�i�e _6Z/Z!\�g¹_���e�c!e�g&m]�i±g&i§lQeÆ}¹\���[*m`\�c!i±g&i§lQe§k�yU�p_&�`ln\O��_;i��¹_;\X�©sijZ![�Xp\�e _�ZÀZY\j����m�ln\s[�\O��_;i��ÈXp\�eU_�Z/Zx\¥��m`�`_lQe�\ncYi¾��_�i�lO©~¡p\OZ![)m`\Oc!i$m�­Y­]\n�U\Oi7lslCi}&m�_;g`c!e>lQm�z\n�¹_;iU��iqXp[ÉlQ©sej­Y­]\nc���i�cx���oijZË� lQij­!Z·g&i>lOiL�q[t_�c!i g`©~_`X�i ��yJcY\nmpg`i­)m`X�g&eU[)c)\n��i¥g`i¢lQ©~¡p\RZ![)m`\QcYi¥g¹_r�|yU��iqX���m`Xp[*iU����mpcYeq\sX¯ZriÃ[*cYm�_`}�iUXp[�g`m`X��ªZxeqX�Zg`m�_&[)i°��m�_;c _&X�i°��m`XpX�i°��e�c)[�g&eUX�Z ��iq[�[)i·cYi7lQeU[�\~}\CZxeq[�\nm`X g`i lQe·g`yL­)eU\s[!i��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\n��_;ij� �o©sejZ!��i��q[ ¨ ��iJc�[)e�\sX�Z y7zeJcYg�Z ­)mpc)[t_&\s[ g&i lQe }\n�U[*m4\ncxicYyq�`_&�`lO\n��eq\^X�iAyJ� lQeU\QcYi+lQijZlOiqXp[)iU_;c/Zh¨�};iUXp\nchg`i+lQe���mpg`iJc�Xp\OZreU[�\nm`X���m�ln\s[�\n�1_piL�L��ilQm`X`z¦��cYmp��iLZ7Z)_�Z ��e�c�lQiL��_;iUl'�JiU[�[*i±��mpg`iJc�Xp\s[!y§}&e .U[)cxi�\sXp[)yLc�\nmpcY\OZxyLi���e�cA_`X6i��cYm`��mpc)[�\nm`X¾ZY\~z�Xp\R­]\n��eU[]\^}&i�g&i±lOe���m`�`_�lQeq[�\nm`X$iLZx[)V�iUX ��¤ £ �Vw­*mpc�[AlQm`\^X g&©�.q[)cxie��q¡�i }&y + � �p{¢X�iª­]m`\OZAZxeq[�\OZ/­*eU\s['Zxm`X�Zxm�_;�U\bg`i¢}&iUX`z¹i�eqX���i¥��m`Xp[*cYi¢lQijZ�}\nm�lQiUX��Ti�Zg`i�lO©~\s��eU� ��¡p��e�g`V�lQi¯��m`X�g`i�[)cY\s��e lÃijZ![�iUX6��mpcYi��p\�iqX·��iU_·eJ���¹_&\OZ�¨�lCe[)iJc���\sX�m�lQm�z1\niªcxyq�`_&�`lO\n��eq\^X�iJVÊZ�_4c�[)m�_&[�lQmpcHZH��_4iª�Ji lslQi � �q\ijZ!['g`yL­)iUX�g�_;i¥��e�c�g&i�ZyU[*cYeUX`z¹i�cxZxV`��mpc)[)eUXp[og`i¼Z)_�c!�LcYm � [dlRi ����eUXp[*e lQm`X��{¢X�i�lQe�c�zi¢��c!m`��mpc�[�\nm`X g`i�lQeZrmp�U\nyU[)yJVd}&e�g`m`X���¡�yjZx\s[)iJc¢e�\sX�Z!\�iUX���mpcxiªlQm`X`z1[*i�����Z�iqXp[)cYiªlQi�Z g`iU_!���JeU����ZÀ�u'X ��¤ £ ¬ V`��c!��Z�gpi¢��\sX���eUXpX�yJi�Z�eU��cY�LZ�lQe�c!y }&m�ln_`[]\�m`X�Vpe7_�� �«_;c�g&© _`X�iAz�_4i�cxcxi�U\~}\slQiAm&%ªlCiLZh[)c!e��U[*eU[�\nm`X�Z�iq[dlQijZ�cxiqX`}&iLcHZriU��iqXp[YZ�g`©se lsln\neUX��JijZ�Zrm`Xp[¨+lO©sy7}\ngpiUX��Li�`ls_�Z½� ln\OiqXp[)y ln\CZY[)iLZ½�¹_;©~\ngpy�m�lQm�z�\��1_;i�ZxV±lQi Zx\n� z¹i �¹_;ejZ!\�}¹\��q[)m�c�\niU_!�V���e�cÉlQi�ZcYm�»je ln\OZY[*i�ZxVg`i¼lQe���eq�p\^[*e lQi�g¹_-��m�_�}�m`\OcAcYyq�4_&�`ln\n�LeU\sX O²eUX�eqe�V#e lQmpcxZ|��_pi¼vwe�i��e }�eU\s[ÈyU[*yÄlQi g&i�c�Xp\niLc¾ZY\n� z¹i g�_ ��m�_}&m`\nc$c!m;»je lc�¾��m`Xp[)c!iÄlQ©syU[)iqX�g¹_;i g&i�ZcYiLZ/Zrm`_pc!�LijZo��m`X�Zri�c�}&yJi�ZÊ��eJcblQijZoe�g1}&i�cxZxeq\Oc!ijZog`iwlRe+k�yU�`_&�`ln\n�¹_;i + � �

+=� � >9fB4LZ K�E�I1I�CJ4LK � CJ4 4LCB;=X = ;�

26$'4�

XbN f|q?sb��} #uFf+ � � >9f?~iCB;AI�PcCB;=X ��CJl C�EJ^�C�K�,�K/C�Pp4 �LEBY�U+X�q?sbsFs�X ��C{T�<JI�C�4�Y�ZF4+K/C�I1N+Z ;=E�Pp4 [ � EB;=E�NLPQY�Z#X�q?sbs#u?X � PklFPQG69Z YBPcCBKH:,Pp41T�C�I�CJ4 � 3'ULCSN+ZFGwPQK/PcY�EJG C�YBZF4LZ[I1:,ZL> EBY�K/Ppl Pc6=I�Pp4�I�Z R CB;A4 y ;=EJ�LPcE�f+��`� >9f qBs u?s�X&51Pw6 V�;�,�EJ4�� E�8 E�f ,�ULEJULVBRFV�K+GcPQ8 Gw}AK/E�8k;��ka�U�f

� �

�oijZwg`iLc�Xp\niLcxZ'��m�_&��Z���mpc�[!yjZw¨�lQe�g¹» X�ejZ![�\ni¢º�eq� � g�e7l ��� � X l�_&\dZrm`Xp[ ejZÀZxyqX�y�Z��e�c�lQijZFeJc���iLZFcYiUln\~z\ni _�ZrijZ«��_;©^i7l�lQi¥e¢lOm`X`z�[)iq����Z���c)\ }¹\ lRy z�\nyLijZÀ�b��_���cY\sXp[)iq����Z��¤ £ � VO@�_&��e »jc � V�}&m�»jeUXp[�Zr©sij­!­)c�\s[!i�c+lQ©sejZÀZ!\RZHiªg`i¼lQe�c!yU�`_&�`lO\n�¹_;i�g&©Q´^����g`e lslQeU¡�e7l �²e lsl3� lQVd[*cYm`��m�ZY[)iqX�ZY\s�`lQiU��iqXp[AZxm�_&[)iqX`_piª��eJc+�oi³��eq\ncYi�Vg`yq��\RZÀZx\nm`XpX�i�g`i±Zrm`X��m�Z![)i���\sXp\RZ![)yJc�\Oi7lC���om�_;ch�¹_;i+lQ©^yJ�U¡�iJ�Ag`i�ZÊ�\s��cxi�Z�iU[g&i+lOi7_;c/Z�e lsln\nyjZh��\sl�\s[)eq\ncxijZrV� .U��i eU�p�`_»Ty�Z���e�c�lQe¢�`_&\tZÀZxeqXp[)i�e�c)��yJi¥y zT»L�p[�\QiUXpX�i�VpX�i¼Zri¥cYiU�6cYmpg1_p\OZriÃ��eLZ_&X�i�[)cYm`\OZx\n�U��i$­*m`\RZrV�eJ����m`����e7z1X�yÈg&iÉ�1_;iUlO�1_�iLZ���cYmp�U¡�iLZ Og`m`Xp[�lQi$­t_&[�_�cg�\nc)\ z�i�eUXp[bg¹_���e�c)[�\&I�����xB ���JN�V`´^����gªe7l � Á¦e ( � g�e l � @+e�X�g&eUX � + + �ÀV1\~l;g`yJ�U\ng`iFgpi+��e�c)[)\Oc¨ lQe cYi��Jm`X���_S.q[)i$g&i�Z�z¹cYeqX�g`iLZ�[)c)\s�4_�Z-g`i lQeÈ��y�c�\s�p¡�yJc�\Oi g`i ²�eqX�e�eL���+­�\sXg`©sy7}\s[)iLcÉlQijZ½iLc!cxi _�cxZ½g`i �Jm`���§_&Xp\n��eq[�\nm`X g1_ ��eLZ/Zry�V�\ l g`yJ��\�g&i ��_;i lCicYyJ��iq�p[)e��7lCi \ngpy�m�lQm�z�\O��_;i g&i lOe cYyJ��m`X��q\^lO\neq[�\nm`X iqXp[)cYi [)cY\s�`_�Z iU[����mpg`i�c)Xp\OZxeq[)i _4cHZ,�¾cYyq�4_&�`ln\n��e�\sX�ZxV�iUXp[)c!i Zxmp�q\ny�[)y¾c*_;cYe7lCi¾iq[�y7ln\^[!iÉ_;c���eq\sX�iLVZr©^eq�p��i lslQi�c!e¢Xp\��`ln_�Z�Xp\���m`\^X�ZF�JiU[�[*i¼­)m`\CZ'�¹_;i¢lQi�� ���oe�c)[�\�g&i � \niU_ � + ���;²�m`XiUXp[*cYiU��c)\tZri�cYy7_�ZÀZY\s[�lQe�c�ziq��iqXp[Y�h��©sijZ![���i7_&[ � .q[)cxi±��m�_;c¢�JiU[�[!i�cYeq\tZrm`XÈ��_p©s\~l�i�ZY[ejZÀZrejZÀZY\sX�y�VA��_;iUlQ�¹_;i�Z���m`\OZ��`ls_�Z�[)eJcYgp���he�}&\n�U[!m`\ncYi�gpiLZ�k�yq�`_`�pln\n��eU\sX�Z�ZriLcYe[)m�_&[�g`i|� .U��i�e7_�c!iUX�g`iL� � }&m;_�ZÀ�6� };i���lQe�g&y���i�XpXp\ni �T¤1¬ �1V`lQijZ'eq���p\s[�\nm`X�Z'gpilQe g¹»LX�eLZY[]\�i ºÆeU� � g e l ��� � X ��cYiqXpX�iUXp[ g`yj­]\sXp\^[]\ }�iU��iUXp[ ­�\sX��$�oi lOm`X`z��cYmp�JijZÀZY_�ZËgpi ��mpg&i�c�Xp\CZxeq[�\nm`X ��m�ln\s[�\O��_;i¿g¹_ ��e »�ZË��_;©siUlslQi¿e z¹m�_};i�c�X6y��iUX�g&eUXp[�[*cYm`\OZh��_;e�c)[YZog`i�Z!\O�J� lQi�i�Z![���m�_;c�[*eUXp[#iqX���mpcYi�lQm`\^X�g&©/.U[)c!i�e��q¡�i }&yL���iq[�[)i>\ncxc�_`�p[)\nm`X g`© _&X�i c!yU�p_&�`l�\Q��_�i g&eUX�ZÈlQi [�\OZ/Z)_ ��m`X�e�cY�q¡p\O�1_pi g`i>lQe��yUXp\sX�Z)_lOi �+cYeq�p\��1_;iÉX�i¯lQeU\tZÀZriÉ��ejZ�\sX�g`\O­Y­*y�c!i�Xp[YZ�lQijZ�Zxm`_}&iLcYeq\^X�Z�}�m4\OZ!\^X�Z ��oi�c!g`eUXp[!ZxV¯��eJc·cYm�»Te7ln\RZ![)iLZ·\^Xp[*iLc���m�ZryjZrV�g`i �LiU[][)i lOm`X`zT_;i ��m`X�­)c!m`Xp[)eU[]\�m`X\sXp[)i�c)X�eU[�\nm`X�e7lOiJV�lQijZ�²e�m�_;g`\niUX�Z�g`m`\s}&iUXp[oe����JiU�p[)iLc�g`i�ZY_;cx��c!m � [hgpi�}&m`\OchX�e � [)c!iLV�U¡�iL�¼lQi¼�pl^_�ZA��e7_}&cxi¼��eq\RZ�y z¹e lQiU��iUXp[�lQi¥�4ls_�Z|��i _&�`lQyªgpiÃlRi _4cHZ�}&m`\OZ!\sX�ZxV�_`XcYy7z1\s��iAg&m`Xp[�lQijZ�ZÀi _&ltZoyUX�m`X��JyjZ��Jm`X�ZY[]\^[C_�iUXp[�_`X6i+��iqX�e��Ji+\ng`yJm;lQm�z�\��1_;ij� � ��ZlQeí]\sX�g`iLZ�eqXpX�y�iLZ ��¤ £��1V`��e7lszcxy�lQi�Z���m`X�Z�m�­!­�\n�LijZ�eU�p��mpc)[)yjZ���eJc k�\~»je�g���m�_�c��iU[][)cYi�_&X�[)iLc)��i�¨�lQe�zT_piJcxcYi��q\^}\~lRi�V`_`X�i¥Z�_6ZY�p\Q�U\nm`X¦g¹_;cYeq�`lOi¥Zx©~\sX�ZY[*e l�lQi�iqXp[)cxilQijZ½g&i _!�¿}&m`\tZ!\sX�Z/��u�l^lQi ZÀi [*cYe�g1_&\^[È��eJcÉ_`X6i>lQm`X`z�_;i Zry�cY\ni g`©~\sX��U\ngpiqXp[YZ­)c!m`Xp[)e ln\ni�cxZ + ����oe¢[)iUX�Z!\nm`X¦eU[�[)iq\sXp[�Zxm`X���e�c!m]��»1Z!��i¥iUX ��¤1¤ ��e7}&i��¢lQe¼Zri���m`X6gpizT_piJcxcYi�g�_ ��m�lC­*ij�p�o©^eq[�[�\s[t_;gpiªg&iª²eUX�eJeªe7»TeUXp[�yU[*yª��m`X�Z!\ng`yLc!y�i���m`����i¥[)cYm`���cYmp�q¡�i�g&i���i7lslCi�g&i < e z¹g`eJg`V1��cY�LZhg&© _&X���\~lslO\nm`X�g`i'��\~zc!eUXp[YZ#»Tyq��yUXp\s[!ijZ�Zxm`Xp[i#���`_�lCZry�Z�g`©Q�wc!eU�p\OiJV`��mpc�[)eqXp[d_&X��Jm�_`�³cYi�g&m;_&[)eq�`lQi¢¨�lQ©^yJ�¹_&\^ln\s��cYi y���m`X�m`��\n�1_�i­)c!e z�\~lOi¦g`©~_`X¾��e7»1ZÆ��_p\�}\OiqXp[�[)m�_&[ (s_�Z![)i¦gpi���e�cx­)eq\�c!i Zre�c!yU_`Xp\O­]\O��eq[�\nm`X���u+X��¤1¤j� V¹lQewzT_�iJcxcYiA�q\ }&\~lQi * mpcYg � ²1_;gªg`m`XpX�iF¨�k�\~»jeLgÃ_&X�i+X�m�_&}&i lnlOiFmp�L��eLZY\nm`X�gpi��m`Xp[)c!i�c±lQ©^yq[)iUX�g�_;iÈg`i$ZreÈcYyU[]\O��iqX���iȨ¯lQ©^y7zeJcxg·g`© _&X �|yU��iqX cYyq�`_&�`l�\Q��eq\^X_&Xp\O­�\ny��'lQijZ �FZxmp�q\�e7ln\tZ![)ijZ,��g�_IJ�_�g`V|g`m`Xp[ªlQiLZ¦cYyj­*y�cxiqX���ijZ���m�lO\s[�\n�¹_;i�Z¦Zxm`Xp[��m�_;c�[)eqXp[)V`iqX±[]¡�y�mpc�\niJV�[)c!�jZ�y lQm`\~z1X�yJi�Z�g`iA�Li7lslCijZ�g&ijZh��c)\^X��LiLZ�Zre�m�_;g`\niUX�ZrV¹}&m`Xp[

+ + y YBKH^LCJG NL;=<?6�PQR CJ4LK�R CSGH8 �{4LP l CB;�6�PQK/< y Gw} /=I�VJ4�R ZF4LK+GH8kE�YBK/Ppl|PcK�<�ES<BK/<,6 ^�6 NLCJ4LRF^LC{E`^1GwCJ4LR CJI�EBPk4�R Cb6EBK/K/CJ4LK/EBK�6'R[^iqbq�f Zbs#f ZYZ#q+ � 3!E�:B:?Pk�LX Z:ZYZ f � 8kC?69K GHC�q,XO>A<`l ;=PcCB;!q?s(XF�$m�^L8kP G EJ4 4LZF4LYBCSGHE�YB;�<BEBK/PcZF4�R[^ \ �B$9�C MND)D (Sd?f+ � � >9f � CBK/E�GkGHC\ak<BR�f b=X+q?sbsFs#f

�`£

.U[*cYi¥e�\sX�ZY\iUX��Jm�_�c!e z¹yjZFg`eqX�Z+lQiU_;c/ZA­t_&z1\s[�\s}&ijZ'}&iUlnlOyq\s[)y�ZAZÀy��JijZ7Z!\nm`XpXp\OZY[)i�ZÀ�pÁ¦eU\CZlQeAcYeq�p\�g&i+}\n�U[)mp\ncYiAg�_ * mpcYgª�`lQe��Ji«_&X�i�X�m�_}&iUlslCi¢­*m`\RZlO©Q��cYeU�p\niAg&eUX�ZÊlRiA��eU���g`iLZÈ��iLcYg&eUXp[YZÀ� � ijZ eJ���LcYmp�q¡�e z¹ijZ¾­!c!m`Xp[)e ln\ni�c/Z¾Zri>��m�_;cHZ!_`\s}&cYiqXp[ÈiUX�Z)_p\s[!i(~_�ZÀ��_p©siqX (^_&\sX �¹�������Ä� lQe Z)_;c��6c�\OZÀi g`© _&X6i \s����iqX�Zxi ��e#(nmpc)\^[*y gpiLZm`��Zri�c*}�eU[)i7_�cHZrV�lQi �|yU��iUX g`©�´^��l � ´^����g&e lslQeU¡ ²`e7l � ¡ Zx\~z�X�i�¨ � (�iJg`g&e�eU}&iL�lQ©Q�wcYeq�p\ni g&i¾adeq¡�g WH�pX ����gpi7lQe+��\�� Wx�pX ²�eL´¶µ�g>_&X Z!��i��U[*e�� _&lQeU\ncxi¾e��J��mpcxg�p\~lQeU[)yJcYe lQV�\sX��7l�_;eUXp[hlQe¼g&y ln\s��\s[)eU[�\nm`X-g`ijZA­*cYm`Xp[�\n�LcxiLZxV���_&\ÊZÀiq���`lQiÃ��iq[�[)cxiª­�\sX-¨_&X�ZY\n�J� lCiFg`iAZ�_�Z!��\n�U\nm`X����}�i���lOi�[*m�_�c�X�eqXp[g¹_�� ����� � Zx\n���UlQi�V1lOiLZ�cYiU[*m`����yLijZ�c!y z\nm`X�e lQiLZ�g`i�lQeA�U¡`_&[)iAgpilQe�g1»LX�ejZ![�\ni+ºÆeU� � gªe7l �*� � X�ZriU���`lQiUXp[beU\sX�ZY\!.q[)cYiAiqX�­�\sX�g`yq��ejZÀZxyJijZÀ�

� ¬

REPERES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES

´^����g¿e7l �RÇ e l � V±Á�_&¡�eU����eJg`V ��¤��¤ V �`IjGJIJI ���)P!��s@�ECF��x@�K"IO@QVÆ�oeJc�\OZ �!< i »jcYm�_&[�¡6VuFg�\O­)c!e�V1[)c!e�g¹_;�q[�\nm`Xª�#_;� < e lQg�\s[Y�

���`µ �¥¡��UXp\s��V�a#e�g¹l´Q� l � ��¡p��eJg`V ��¤�¤ ��V � � � I1S �!�~I ��I � ���D I � � I �LP3� ����hIqD�ILGJV=^�oe[)c)\^�`_Æiq[�lQ© u'[)eq[#e _ �|yU��iqX��Ê�oi���eq\ncYi�V � �JcÊe l � ��eUX��JcYVg`i7_!�¢}&m�ls_&��ijZÀ�

��l � ��¡pX�ej­*VdÁ¦m`¡�eU���Æe�g&Vd��1���r����l � a�_�g¡�e »�l e l �OÇ eJc�[)\~l3�UX � Vb_&XÉ��lsz&y�c)\OiqX�e7_�|yU��iqX�� lQi�c���lOi�g&ijZÆaÊc!��cxijZÆÁ³_6Z�_&ln��eUX�ZÆg`eUX�Z¥lQe�k�yU}&m�l�_&[�\nm`X½g&i ��¤T�]� �JV�h¡�c!m`Xp\���_4ijZ,�¢yq��yUXp\s[!ijZ t£ �Y¬ �ÀV ��¤¤��j�/��¤1¤¤ V²eUX;e�eJV;� abu��|V���� ��¤T� �1¤ �

��lQi �eUX�g&cYm�}�@7I;I�� PsP^V ��¤1¤� V��#I � K7��pNAI � ���oIUD�IjG«I���sDGF � �JB�P�K���� �� ��������`�Snºª\tZ![)m`\ncxig¹_ �|yU��iUXË��m`Xp[*iU����mpcYeq\sX�� C��m�lslOiJ�U[�\O­�g&©^e7_&[)iU_;cHZ�Zrm�}&\�yq[�\O��_4ijZ��ÀV+[)c!e�g1_p�q[)\�m`XiUX�eJcYeq��i+Á�_&¡�eU����e�g�´^��l � e l �!< eq¡�cYV��oi���eq\�c!i�V1Á¦eU®1[*eU��e+Á¦eJg��`µl � �

��l �|eU¡`»��JV`²e »�­e l ��� � X�²e�´ � g&V ��¤z� £TV��bI � K ��pNAI���CS7I�� InNJI�I � � � I�B7�pILK�PA,A#IAI��� � P�K � PACAbIP!��� � ����hIqD�ILG � P3� �� �jI�I�K]IªD�PQG��������P!����������V��ºª\CZY[!m`\ncYi�g&iÆlQeª��\OZÀZY\nm`X���\^ln\s[)eU\ncxi\ncYeq®1\niUXpX�i�e _ ��yq��iUXËg`i ��¤�� �Ȩ ��¤T� � ��� ²e lCZÀe lQe�e7l � [�¡�eJ�'�j­)e�e7l � ´ eLZY®eJc�\~»�»je�VX�� ¤�� iq[ ¤�� e��YV²eUX�eqe�V � ��©~\ncYe+[*e�g`c � ���ª_pg\nc�\~»L»TeFe l � [)eU[OÅ � cÊe l � ��\s[)e7l � �

�wc!iUX�g&m`Xp®Vb� e�c*l6}&eUX�V ��¤ £��1V`?A@CBQD �)SYFSInBQDJ@B�1� P~D�IUD�I I �qIJP?D PEIO@I F�� �OD'@�GJV`�hiU»jg`iJV< c�\~lslt�

��¤1¬z� V �¦B�K �jK ��I ��I�InN � � P I � ��InNJI ��K]I�I ��A#IUD�IjGJPA,A#I �SO²iJ��cYiq[xZhiq[#g`m�� _&��iUXp[!Z�g`i+lQecYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`X�»Tyq��yqXp\^[*i��ÀV=t��m�lslRi��U[]\R­��ÀV < iU»Tc!m�_&[�¡�V � ��che7l � ´ e/Å g`e � ²�eqX�e�eJV � ��che7l �®e7l�\s��eL�

��l � ´^�x����V * e+��\s¡ Á�_;©se »J»T\�g&V �T¤&� � V �bP^N � I � �$S7P!��� DÂI �� � I�K]I�S PACA#I I���nB�I � �EDqI � ��m�»Te z¹i�iqX³�wc!eU�p\ni+¡�i7_�cYi7_�Zri��Ê�om`X�g&cYi�ZrV�a#eJg�\1�ocYijZÀZrV�g&i _!�\n�U��i�yJg�\s[)\nm`X��

< e lQg`c�»TV ¸ m`¡pX�V ��¤'�T� V��i0¥X�i¯¡`_&X�gpcYiJgË»ji�eJc/Z¦m�­j�|iU��iUXp\|¡p\tZ![)mpc�»�� � ����¤T���¤T�'� !1V·\sX �h¡�i ln¡�mpg`V ¸ m�Zxiq�p¡�VË? � ��K]I�S7P�@ D F ��FSDqV }&m�ls_&��i �V �oe�c)\RZHVÁ¦eU\OZrm`XpX�i _};i�iU[��heJcYm�Zri�V1���£ ¤T�x�1�1� �

��l �!< e�cYeJg�µ&X � V�´^����g&e lslQeU¡�V ��¤1¬�� V �PsN�� IN� �3� ��nB�N�P�� K�I ��A#IUD�IjG�� I D��~D ��I�N�I�D �EInN�V ��m�»Te z¹iªg&eUX�Z'lQe¼��mpyjZ!\niûjyU��yUXp\s[)iJV#eUX��U\niqXpX�i�iU[���mpg&i�c�X�i?� < i »Tc!m;_&[�¡�V � �Jce l � ´ e/Å g`ej�

��l �!< e�cB�ÀÅ � V�k��LZY¡�\ng`V ��¤��&� V � ����hIqD�ILG ��I � ��nP�G P!��TS�I���nI��pN ��K �`s�hi��|yU��iUX�iU[�lCig`iJc�Xp\niLcÊ�Jm�_&��g`©~u'[)eU[A��hiA��eU\nc!i�V1Á¦eU®1[)eq��e�e7l � X�e7¡�g`eFe l � ��ejZrc�\~»�»jej�

� �

< m`XpX�iUX�­)e7Xp[)VÊ�oe _l7Og�\ncH� �ÀV ��¤�� �VÊ?FI@ ��GJP�GJB7F%�s@ � K]I�S P F�@ D � I FBH`E"F�K"D � N5FLPsVo�eJc�\OZrVuFg�\s[�\nm`X�Zog¹_�� * k�²�Vg&iU_]�|}&m�ls_`��iLZ/�

< m`[�\~}&i�e7_pV < iJc�X�eJcYg`V ��¤1¤¬ V$�1�|yU��iqXÉ�6��m�ln\^[]\���_4ijZ�lQy z�\tZ)lQeU[�\~};ijZ�iU['�ª_&[)eU[�\nm`X#Zg`iAlOe � _`ln[t_4cYi (s_;cY\�g\O��_�i���V��NjK!EHGJP F�@CB � �tD ��GJPEIO@CB ���/� ���JV� �1� � �ÀV�²eUX�eJe�V���a�u��|V��� � � �1�x�1�T� �

< _pc�zeq[)V¾a#cYeqX�f�m`\OZ iU[ � eU����i�c�ln\^X�V$Á¦eJc�\ni�V¾��1���¹V ��k�yU}&m�ls_&[�\nm`X�V$��mpg&ig`©siq���`lOm`\p�6Á³_&¡�eq����e�g�Á�eq¡p�ªµ;g�e l � @�_&��e »�c � iq[wlQi�Z|iLc!cxi _4cHZ g`iLZ��\s�6cYijZ,�JV�NjK!EHGJP F�@CB � �OD ��GJPEIO@CB � ��� � VS ¤ �ÀV²�eqX�eqe�V`�huFao�w²V���� � � ¬T�x�1� £1�

��eJcYeU�p\n�JmpVd²1¡�iq\ lQeJV �T¤1¤�� VÊ�h\~}\sl�Zrmp�U\niq[*»Æ\sX��¢iq��iqX��pv�¡�i¥�pm�ln\s[�\n��e loiJ��m`X�m`�ª»m�­#eJ�U[�\~}\OZ!� \sX���mpg`i�c)X³�wc!eU�p\ne�V`��eq����c�\ng¹z¹i�V`��eq����c�\ng¹z¹i+{|Xp\~}&iLcHZx\s[t»F�ocYijZ Z/�

��iqXp[)cYi�g�> u'[t_;gpijZ iq[�g&i§k�i��q¡�iLcY�q¡�ijZi�|yU��yUX�\s[!ijZrV ��¤�� �V�#NJI ��K�I�I ��� ���ÊI � �D � ����D �I � �sD�I�B �QK]I���I��!��sDF�� I InN�P�K � I ��^�oe¥cYy7}&m�ls_`[]\�m`X�g&i ��¤T�&� �;X�eU\OZ/ZreUX��Ji�V�g&ijZ![)\^XiU[bij­Y­*iU[YZ���²eUX�eJe�V�� iUXp[)c!i�g+> u'[t_;g&i�Zhiq[#g`i'k�iJ�U¡�iLcY�q¡�ijZ,�|yU��yUX�\s[)ijZÀ�

�h¡�i7l�¡�mpg&V ¸ m�Zxiq�p¡�V �T¤��T� Vª?�� � K]I�S P�@ DWF �+FSD ��NJP^B"ICEYP�K)@�@7I�MOP �!P!� PsB�I InPOExGJVÆ�oe�c)\OZxV�oe�c!m�ZxiFiU[�Á¦eU\OZrm`XpX�i _&}&i�V � }&m�ls_&��ijZÀ�

� ij­!­)eJc*z¹i�V��ÊlQe _;g`i°iq[�v'c!mpi lnlOiJcYV ��mpcYg`\neUX�V ��¤ £ ¤ V �|yq��iUX £L� � £ ¤ �Æg`i lQecYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`XqZxe7_�}�e z¹i��¨�lQe+[)c�. }&iFg`ijZ#zT_piLc!cY\ni�c/ZrV��oeJc�\OZxV��oej­!­)m`Xp[Y�

� iU[*e lslQi�Vhk�iqX�e _�g Oy�gp� �HV ��¤¤1¤ V �@�GJB�POEHGJBAP�G � K]ITS7PsI�� �#NL@ �`I FSD P!����@OD'@�GJP � I5F%� I� P�GL@CV < eJg`iUX �!< e�g&iUX�V * m`��m�ZÀ�

� iU[*e lslQi�Vhk�iqX�e _;g`Vh��� � �wadc!m`Xp[�\n��cxiLZ¥i#��[)i�c)X�i�Z�iU[|g`y7ln\^��\s[)eq[�\nm`XÈ\^Xp[*i�c�X�i�g�_�|yU��iqX uAZÀZxeq\A��eJc�[)m�z¹cYeq�p¡p\n�¹_;i�iU[¥�p\s�`ln\�m�z�cYeU�p¡p\n��_�i���V �ÊNLK!EHGJP F�@CB�� �OD ��GJPEIO@CB� ��� �TVS � �ÀV²eUX�eJe�V��huFao�w²V1� �1�1� �H� � � �

� m�_z�lQeLZxV ¸ ���oiq\ z�¡�V �T¤��¬ V �bNj@ � K�@]@ ��@OD+@]GªDFE �À@OD'@�G�I ������ �� ��� � � < i7»Tc!m�_`[]¡�V����iJcY\n��eUX�{|Xp\~}&i�c/Z!\s[t»|m�­ < iq\nc�_`[!�

� cYiLZx�q¡�V§�oe _lQV �1¤1¤�� V �ÊK]POSU@CB � ��E��x@�K)GqD+@�G�I³IjG�D½NJPsB'ICEHK A P�G ��@QD+@�GJV 0j�`­*mpcYg&V�ÊlQe�c!iUX�g&m`Xª�hc!ijZÀZ/�

� _&��cYiq[)V < e _;g&m;_&\sX�V �¹��� � V5�w²�»1Z![!�U��ijZ��Jm�_&[t_p��\ni�cxZxV���iUXp[*cYe ln\CZY��i (~_�c)\�g\O�1_�ig`i¾lO©~u'[)eq[�iU[�_�Zre z¹ijZ g1_ g`c!m`\s[S��V�hNLKYExGJP F�@CB � �OD ��G PEIO@CB � �����TV= � �HV±²eUX�eJe�V�huFao�w²V1���£ ¬T�B� ���

� ¤

a#e »jiU\sX�V��ÊlQe _;g�\ni�V ��¤���� V �FGL@ � K�ILG��)IJPsB�@�D �7D�@�MnP�G I5F � �OD'@�GJV±�heJc�\OZrV³k�iUX6y¸ _lnl�\neJcYg4�

a#mpm`[���eUX�V � e }\ng`V ��¤z� £TV � G�ICExGJP�G�� @RB�B�@6E � � D�@�GJVL�hm`X�g&cYiLZxV1Á¦e��q��\^lslQeUXª�ocYiLZ/ZÀ�

º�e7»L®i7lQV < i�c�X�eJcYg&V ��¤1¤�� V{����l � ²1¡�eÀÅ¢®'�qX � eqX�g�[�¡�i ¸ _4c�\tZ!��c*_;gpiqXp[�\ne lh{|Xp\s[t»�m�­�|iU��iqXj��V1\sX ������� £ ¬ V � �QD+@�G �* oI�B�B �6@7I7 hK �CB�@�G�I�D�@ �*� F�GJPEI �OV1��� � �1� £ � �

º�i7lC­)cY\s[��LV1º�eqX�ZxV ��¤ £ � V�?�� ��K�ITS7P�@�NL@�F�K)@�FLB�@CVS�[)c!e�g1_`\s[#g&iwlQ©se lslCiq��eUX�g¥��e�cʲ`��iU[ ���g`i��oe lQ�UX�i?�Ê�oe�c�\OZrV;��ln�p\sX�Á�\n�U¡�i7lt�

¸ eL� � ��V�Á³_&¡�eq����e�g°´n����g e7l � k�eU¡ � ��V ��¤z�1� V��«��g�Å �J©Ae l3���ª_p�'�ÀÅ�eU��e�e7l �@'e�c��UXp\n� l�\ � X`_�­Cµ;g�¡ e l � \^� �q� �|eU¡`»�� ­ � © l � v�\s¡��U��e���V ^�#_&��\n��cYiLZ Z!_�clQ©sm`�p��m�ZY\s[�\nm`X�g`ijZ @+eJcB�qXp\��¦¨¼lQ©^e7_&[)mpcY\s[)y�g`iªlQ© \s��eU� �|eU¡`»���g&eUX�Z�lQe¼v�\s¡��U��e��� ����hIqD�ILGFI���H1I�D �EDqV�(~_&\^X � (~_&\^lslQiU[)V1��� �`�L�x¬ £1�

¸ eL� � ��V Á�_&¡�eU����eJgÉ´^����g�e7l � k�eU¡ � ��V ��¤���� VÊvweU��eJcYc*_;g¯ºÆe#(/(neªÅ�e��p\�g!� »je\sXp[�\O­��Jg`eªº �LZY¡p\ng � � �he�cxy7}&m�ln[)i�g`i�º�e#(�(ne�iU[+lQi�g&yU�`_&[Fg�_ÈZxm�_lR� }&iq��iqXp[�g&i�Zº �LZY¡p\ng � � � ���oIUD�IjGFI���H1I�D �EDqVSt£|��Zxiq�p[)iU����c!i�V1��� �1�T� � � � £1�

� _;�+�U»LX�Zr®1\nV �h\~ln\neUX�iJV ��¤���� V �q�oi�Z (^_&\O­YZ g¹_ ��yU��iqX � eU�p��c!mp�U¡�iiU[]¡pX�m�lOm�z�\n��_�i"!�\^XÈ�h¡�iUln¡�mpg`V ¸ m�ZriU�p¡�V�?�� � K]I�S PQ@UD F ��FSDqVb}�m�l^_&��i � Vd���6� ¬¬T�� ���&�

�oe�m�_�Z![)V1º�iUX�c)\nV �T¤&� � V�?A@CB�B�MQN�PsBtD'@CB4D IjGJB �*� �xB7� IUD�Vj�oe�c)\RZrV��oe »Tm`[!�

Á¦eUX���µ�ZY¡�V�v�¡`_4cYe7»�»TeJV ��¤�¬�¤ V ��I D��JA�� InI � K � �pNJPACA#I���I��jP��K]PACAbI����3� ����hIUD�IjGJV�^��iLZ��_;i�ZY[�\nm`X�Z�¡p\OZ![)m�c�\O��_;i�Z�iq[�\ng`yJm�lOm�z¹\��1_;ijZ�e _ �|yU��iqX�� < i7»�cYm�_&[�¡�V � �Jc�e l �´ e/Å g`ej�

��l � Á�eJ�'� ln\s¡�Vb´^����g�e l � �x� � �LV �1¤��z� V���P�G I��� � �jG���G P!�'� � � ��InNJI ��KCIj����P�K ��� I � � ��I InN�� � P S7PED��JA���I�I ��nN�IjKRI �pI I������I InIjGJPACAbI����3� ��A#IqD�ILG �` � ijZ¾�`lQeU\sXp[)iLZ½¨>lQe cYyU}&m�ls_&[)\nm`X���oi��q[*_;c!i¼gpiLZFg`mp�7_`��iUXp[!ZFg`ijZFgpyq�`_&[YZFg�_���m�_};iU��iUXp[�X�eU[]\�m`X�e7le _ �¢yq��iUX��< i »Tc!m�_&[�¡�V � ��cÊe7l � ´ eÀÅ�g`eL�

Á¦e�c)®e+� e7l � g`\ncB�LZ?�q[¾Å�eJ© l � �`_&¡pµ`[]¡ e l � »TeU��eqX � OyJg4� �ÀV ��¤��¤ V ��PsB7�LK �&IjG�� � � ��`NJI�N�� D ��I � P3� � ��I I � K ��pN�V ^�oi Z!\O� z¹i g&i ²�eqX�e�eL� �oijZ [)yq��m`\ z�X�e z¹i�Z gpilQ©~¡p\RZ![)m`\ncYi?� � eU��eLZxV � �JcÊe l � ­�\s®c!Vg`iU_!�¢}&m�ls_&��ijZÀ�

Á¦i�c)�±\ni�c!V�a#c!eUX��U®¹V �¹¤�¤1¬ VÊ�hi��U¡�iU\n®1¡Èg&i§lQe§X`_;\^[!�²�eqX�e�eA�mpc*z¹eUXp\OZxeq[�\nm`XÈg`iLZZrm�_`®&Zhiq[ÊZxmp�q\Oyq[)y��q\^[*e�g�\sX�iJV��oeJc�\OZxV²1\sX�g���eJg4�

� �

Á¦i�c)�±\ni�c!V�aÊc!eUX��q®V��oiU}&i�e7_;VÃk�yU�ª» iU[�²1[)i�\sXp��e��U¡�V|{�g&m OyJg4ZÀ� �HV ��¤¤1¤ V�?|@� �OD'@�GAM]EHG�IO@QD% �EHK]I�P�GJVj�oeJc�\OZxV � e�c)[�¡�e lQeL�

��l � Á³_4�1�p\ l � V º¥_�Zre »LX Á�_&¡�eU����eJg`V ��¤�� £TV � FSD N�I�� �pPQK ��I I �� � F S P!�'�sV�Á¦yU��m`\ncxiLZhg&©^e7l � Á�_��1�p\~l � �HV � eq��ejZrV � ��cÊe7l � ­]\s®cH�

��l � Á³_4�1¡�ej­ � V�Wx��cB�U¡ � � ��¡p��e�g`V�������V � F �H�I�D I � �CS F%� D �jG ��I � � � ITS � � P!��I ��A#IqD�ILGJPACA#IJV � \��q[�\nm`XpX�eU\ncxi�g&ijZ�[*i�cxcYm`\ncxZ'iU[�g&i�Z�[)cY\s�`_�Z�»jyU��yqXp\^[!iLZ9�F²eUX�eJe�V � �Jce l � ®e7l�\s��eJV¹� [)m`��ijZÀ�

Á�_&[)eU¡�eJcYV ����g e l � � eJc � � ���É��¡p��eJg`V ��¤T�`¬ V � ��K]I I I ��nP~D �qD �oI�NJA�� S �� FLN�IqD�D�I D���IUD �ED�I � ��� �QGJV� < \nm�z¹cYeU�p¡p\ni�g`i§lQ©~\�� �q� �|eU¡`»�§���#Á�_&¡�eU����eJgº�eq� � g�e7l �*� � X���Á�_&¡�eU����e�g-� ��ZÀZxe¥²e lQeU¡p\ne OyLg��ÀV]�|e�c)��m�_`®¹Vb{|Xp\~};i�cHZr\^[*yªgpi�|e�c)��m�_`®¹V¹� [)m`��ijZÀ�

0¥��i�c)��iU»TiJcYV ��y�cYe7lCg&V ��¤z� � ��Ê�oe�­)mpc)��eU[�\nm`X g`i§lQ©sWx� �U��eU[|iq[Ag&i§lQ© u'[)eq[|e _�|yU��iqX��W Z)lQeU� iq[|� _ln[*_;cxi���m�ln\^[)\n�¹_;iL�+��\sX < m`XpX�iqX�­)eqXp[)Vd�e _lQVd?FIB ��GJP�GJB7F%�s@� K]ITS7P F�@�I FBH&E"F�K'D � N FLP �1�oe�c)\RZrV1uFg�\s[�\nm`X�Zhg1_�� * k�²&V1[)m`��i+�VT��� �&�L�)� £1�

��l � k�e7»L¡��UX � V6��� � X�V�ZÀ� g4� V � F%��� ��I �� ���K]I�S7V$s�hiLZ'c!m`\RZ�gpiLZ«�wc!eU��iLZ9�ÀV < i »Tc!m;_&[�¡� � ��ce l � (�e7»�lQV ��¤ £T��V ��� y�g4�! ��� y�g�\s[�\nm`X�iqX ��¤ £T�#�HV¹� [)m`��ijZÀ�

k�iUX�e _;g&V`u+[]\OiUXpX�iJV ��¤��T� V&��º�\OZ![)m`\ncxi¢g&i«lQeA��iUX�ZÀyJi¢c!iUl�\~z�\Oi7_�Zri¢e7_ �¢yq��iqXj�A\^X�h¡�i7l�¡�mpg&V ¸ m�Zxiq�p¡�Vw?�� � K]ITS7P�@ DWF �+FSD ��N�PsB'ICE!P�K�@¥@7I|MQP �!P!� PsB�I InPOExGJV+[)m`��i��¹Vw�oe�c)\RZHV�oe�c!m�ZxiFiU[�Á¦eU\OZrm`XpX�i _&}&i�V1��� �1¬T� £ � �

k�m�_pe7_;g`Vw��lQeU\sX�V ��¤'�T� V ����l � Á�_&[)e/Å eU®1®�\^l'´^��l3��� l^lQeq¡ �|eU¡`»��JV�­)m`X�g&eU[)i7_pc|g`_�|yU��iqX���mpg`i�c)X�i��JV1\^Xª? � � ��K�P F�@�@ I �*� ��B�P�@pDFE DJ@tK]GL@CB �&X�� �L�`� V1��� � £ �Y¬�� �

²e lQiU��V#²e��Qg�Á�_�ZY[*ej­��JV#iU[«���`µ�k�\A(ne lQVo��l � ��¡p��eJg`V ��¤��z� V �¯I H1I��� I II �� ��P �`D�II���AbIUD�IjGJPACAbI ��I¥N�ILK�I��pI¥I���nPsB ����N �LP<� ����hIqD�ILGJVO^�oe¥cYi }_;i¥I��� ��P�4D�I¥I���A#IqD�ILGJPA�A#IiU[�lQi±��m�_}&iq��iqXp[|cYyL­)mpc���\OZ![!i�e _ �|yU��iUX���²eqX�e�e�V���iqXp[)cYi�g&©~u+[C_pg&ijZÃiU[|gpik�i��U¡�iLc!�U¡�iLZ$�|yU��yUXp\s[)iL�

��l � ²e lsl3� lQV¯´^����g&e l�lQeq¡ @7I�I �~PsPsV ��¤�� � V��#NJI ��K�IÂI�����hIqD�ILGÂI����D FLB'I��jK]PACAbI�V�^�oek�y }&m�ln_`[]\�m`X ��m`X�Z![�\s[*_&[�\nm`XpX�i7l�lQi±g�_ �|yU��iqX��¥²e�X�e�eJV���iUXp[)c!i±g&©~u+[C_pgpiLZ¥iq[Agpik�i��U¡�iLc!�U¡�iLZd»jyU��yUXp\s[)ijZÀ�

²i�c�(�iJeUXp[)V�k�m`��iJc�[ < � V ��¤¬1¤ V �Uv�¡�i��|iU��iUXp\��ompiU[É��l � @w_&��e »jc � eqX�g ¡p\CZ�om�lQiU��\n��e7zeq\^X�Z![�[�¡�i @'eU\ng � Wx� �U��Z2!1V � K]ILS7PsILG ��I FSD P�@CB��|V1��� ��¬T�x��� ���

²i�c�(�iJeUXp[)V1k�m`��iLc�[ < � ViU[�� i/Å��Jmp�U®Vk�m`X�e7lQg OiJg4Z7� �ÀV ��¤�� � V �`IjG���� I � � G ��K�ITS7PsIjG�xB��~IqD�P�M �ÊPEIAbV��om`X�g&m`X�Vjv�¡�i Ç mpc�lQgªm�­#W7Z)lOeq�Âa#ijZ)[�\~}&e7l�vwc*_�Z![Y�

�`�

²1¡�eU¡�c!e�V1º�eq� � g§��¡p��eJg`V ��¤1¤�� V ��IJB�K]I �!I���nPOS�InPsB7�7D�I��B7F �SID�I�B�NLK7� �!I � ��D I���� I'I���PsB ���UD�PA�A#IQ� �<� ����hIqD�ILG � ���� �.������ � � � ^�o©sejZÀZxeLZ/Zx\sX�eq[�g&© _&X½Zxm�_;cY\ncYi��ÊlQe��U¡`_&[!i�g�_��cYm](niq[�g`©~u'[)eq[�\OZ�lQeq��\��1_;i e7_ �¢yq��iUX�� ²�eqX�e�eJV���l � ��e�c)®e+�Ëe l � »TeU��eqX � ln\�© l �g�\nc��jZW�U[#e7l � \OZ![Yc��U[ � (s\^»J»TeL�

e l � ²1¡��U� � VªÁ�_&¡�eU����e�g ��¡p��eJg`V ��¤z��� V �bPA���N½I����InI �TNJA��QK �LP!�#����hIUD�IjGL� s�hiLZ}&iqXp[YZhg1_Æ�U¡�eUX`z¹iU��iqXp[#e _ �|yU��iqX��h��q��i�y�g\s[�\nm`X�V < i »Tc!m�_&[�¡��

��l � ²1¡�eU��� �q¡p\�Vh´^����g`e7lslOeq¡É´^� l � V ��¤�¬ �¹V�� �� �hIUDwIjG �ÊI���nP�GJB7�LG ��I��#��nN�I�D ��K]I�V�^�oi�|yU��iqX���¡�m`����iLZhiq[#�U\~}\~ln\OZxeq[�\nm`X��ÀV��oi���eq\�c!ij�

��l � ²1¡��/Å � V�vwe/Å¥­�\n�V �1¤1¤z� V���PsB � IjK)G¥D�P�G�I � � � IqD�I ��I ��nP^B��'�qD�P�� �{|X�g`iq��\ � ZY\n�L�7lCig`i'��\~l�\s[)eqXp[�\OZY��i'\tZ)lQeU��\O��_;i��HV��oiA��eU\QcYi�V � eJcÊe l � Z!¡`_pc�µ��`�

²1[)mpm`®i7»TV�k�m`��i�c�[*V �¹¤�¬1¬ V ��@CD+@�G � InNj@ �E<� PEInP�MOB�E � InNL@���@QD+@�G � K]I�S �Ê@ PF1S � P�MQV< m�_�lQg&i�c�C��m�lQmpcYe�g&m �ÀV Ç i�Z![���m`\sXp[��ocYiLZ/ZÀ�

²1[)cYm`[]¡p��eUXpX�V�k'� V �T¤1¬�� V ����l � @+eq\ng�\^»je��JV �¥GLM AM �nE  @ DqPsI¢E � �xB��~IqD �¹��� ����¤ £ �x�1�1¤�� �

²�_&X�e »Tg!��c!V+e7l � ´^��� � ²e7l � ¡�V ��¤1¤z� V � ���InIjK � P!�'��� ��nN F�K)K]PACA#I � ^�oi��U¡�iq��\sX$}&i�cxZ¼lQeln\s��i�c�[!y?��²eUX�e�eJV � ��ce l � ��ej´ eJc�\O­)eL�

vwe »�» \s��V·����g`i ln��e7lO\s®V¾���1�1V �'Á�_`¡�eq����e�g Á¦eq¡p�ªµpg @w_&��e »jc � iq[ lCe­)m`X�g&eU[�\nm`X�g1_��e�c)[�\�g`i � \ni _ �JV`[)cYeJg¹_;�U[)\nm`X��&iU[��m`����iqXp[)eU\nc!ijZ�g`i|aÊ� < _;c*z¹eU[*V�NjK!EHGJP F�@CB � �OD'@�GJPEIO@CB ���� �/� ���1VSt£ �r¬ �ÀVs²�eqX�e�eJV;�oa�u��|V1���^£ �1� £ � �

v�¡�ej´w� lQeU� � V�´n����g e7l � ´^��� � �LV �T¤1¤1¬ V � � �OK]PsN�� IÂI��'�AbIUD�IjGJPA�A#I � �� I ��N5FLB'I FLB �� �F � I��1S7P�K �� ���V$^�oi�}&m�»Te7zi�»Tyq��yUXp\s[)i�� � ��e�m�µ&[ �À�L� mp�q[)m`��cYi ��¤ � � � < i »�c!m�_`[]¡�V� ��ce l � z1¡�eJc���e7l � \OZ)l=�q� � �

��¤�� � V �bN�I �'��InN ��I InN � � P � I�K]I�S PACA#I � ILG*InN�I���K]I ���� �jV ^vwcYm`\OZwg`mp� _&��iqXp[YZ'eJcYeU��iLZZ)_pc>lQe c!yU}&m�ls_`[)\nm`X g`i ��¤T�'� � < i7»TcYm`_&[�¡�V � �Jc e l � ´ e/Å�g&ej��� ��l � ²1¡�eU®eL´~eqVÁ�_�ZY[)eL­��JV � F �TN �qD�ILK7��I�D�P^B)K7� � ��D�I H/��NJP!�¦I�����oIUD�IjG ^�oiLZ·e }�iUXp[t_4cYijZÄg`© _pXy zT»L�p[]\�iqX�g`eqX�ZhlCijZ�[)iLc!cxijZ�\sX�i#�1�`lQm�cYyJijZ'g1_ �|yq��iqX�� �6��l �!< eJcB�ÀÅ � V`k��LZY¡p\ng&V�� ��P�G P!�'�TS½I���nI �pN��QK ���3� ����hIUD�IjG ^�oi·g`i�c)Xp\niLcÉ�Jm�_p� g`©~u'[)eU[�e _ �|yq��iUX�� �¦� l �Ç e�c�[]\ l3�qX � Ve7l � a�_;g`e7»LlOV �bI K ��K � IjGFI ����hIUD�IjG��k�eU�&��mpc�[ÊZ)_;cblQi��|yq��iUX��7�

Ç iUXpX�i�c!V�Á�� Ç � V ��¤ £1£jV �ÈE DJ@�K)G ��@OD+@]G � �� �� ���� ���1� < e ln[�\s��m�cYiJV ¸ m`¡pXº�m`�p®�\^X�ZÀ�

@'eU®eJc�\ne�V³��¡p��eJg Ç ejZÀ­�\nV �T¤�� £TV �bPsN�� I I���P!��� � � ���oIUD�IjGJV��Á¦m`X }�m�»Te z¹i°e7_�|yU��iqX�� � eU��eLZxV � ��c#e7l � ­]\^®¹cH�

� �

��l � @+\sX�iJV ´n����g`e7l�lQeU¡ �|eq¡p\�eJV ��¤1¬'� V � i �|yU��iUX iU[ Zri�Z ��m�»jiUX#Zg`©~\sX�­)mpc)��eU[�\nm`X���yq[t_;g`i�¡p\OZY[*mpc�\O�1_;i�V���m�ln\s[�\O��_4i�V{(s_pc)\Og\��1_;i�VdZrm��q\ne lQiªiq[��JcY\^[]\O��_�iJV� �1¬ � �x��¤¬T� Vp� lsz&i�c!V�² * u � �

��l � @w_&��e7»Tc � V`Á�_`¡�eq����e�g�Á¦eU¡p�ªµ;g`V ��¤z��� V�� ��nDGF�G�InI � I � I�I ��OGJI �qILK]PA,A#I � ���jP��KI����InNJI ��K�IÂI���AbIUD�IjGJPACAbIj� ^�oijZ°��eLZxiLZ°\Qg`y�m�lQm�z�\O��_;i�Z·g&i lQe ��iUX�ZryLi¿g`i lCecYy7}&m�l�_&[�\nm`Xª»jyU��yUXp\s[)i?� < iU»TcYm�_&[�¡�V � �JcÊe l � ´ e/Å g`ej�

Naissance de la dynastie Hamîd al-Dîn (1900-1948). ������������ ������������������������ �!�"�!�$#&%'�!��(*)�+,%.-�/����0�0�1�3254!6��!/798;:<�!�>=?�@�!�$#&A>=B�C4�����D�EGF HI-����KJ@LM�����0�!�N6��!/798�2O4P%Q-�/R�!�0�0�1�S:<�!�<=T�U�!�$#&A>=B�VF&W1XZY\[]#�W1X^[�_!J<(`-aIa1 1���cbQ(ed��gf� �+h�c�!�B#%'�!��(*)�+�4���O�\�iEGF$j�k'dRa!�&d�2�+`�lJmLn�0�&+o�!���qpQ���0A0�\r�r �!�s�����t+e���$�06�p����!�u�!�mve(o�&�!��2-��w�1a1aId�+e����b��������0�!�x6���/798����(ed�-]����+o�!�������qp;�q���0fRd�+e�����B�y���z(*fR��+o���{-R�!���$��(`-�+U����a1d�<�>-�����-��qp;|I��7^�K���q���}-~6�p�� �!�54���O����E\A0�!��(,����fR���!�����ya1dK�&�$ !+e�!�Z%.-�/R�!�0� �1�@�!�$#qve�K+*=?(l(*=aId��O�}-����C���;+ep���d����q�;a!d����&+e���$�1(n�>�&�&d��0�!��(�4���O��D�E�FTXm�0�!+e({Jn�nd���������&�Bd��>�!���Z�Bd�#{�{-�+e�^-� � 6 ������p������0���&�!�&�$d����]�I(n��+`d����&�$ !+e�1(�4���O��DR�!�!�O���0E�����-��&+o�!�����qp �}-U6mp!���!���K�!��(m�$� aId��O�&�����;� d���K���!���z�0�!���Z+ep>���0�q�!�R�&�!�&�����>2R+o���&�!�����B�^-�0���<�T�+o�!�����B�!+,bi����a���-(e�y���1(M������$p1(�4Z��d��R�&+o���$�;2�+o���&�!���R�$�\-R��(`-�+P�B�I(na1��q�1(,���i���;�0�!+,�ndK-K�]�\4���O�!�0E,F{k ��-��$���B�!�TJ�L��I(3�>�&�qdK� �!�O(3�!�i�B��-�+e(m�!�����BpI(y7Zp!��p!�R���q�1(�fR+e���R�R���R�wLM�!/��M���;���]�!�Oa1�!���y�����K��+h�Ia!�&�$dK��K��3���!�54���O�!�0E\Ln�1(��>�t�qdK�0�!��(w+o�!���*dK+ea1���R�P�B��-�+e(��1�*�q�Ia��&�B�q(wbiLM�!/���4Z%'�!�B(w���y+ep���d���q�m�}- : �I�K���!|3���z�����B(ld��B���������M�}-6�p������<fR��+,+o��f�fRd�+o�O��-�+e�I(o�q�;�������B�!�0fR��+e�������&�q�����ObG�>�!�]�$��-�+h(�fR+ep!�q�����&�BdK�O(n(*-�+,�B�y�\-R��4���O�!�0EIL,�����0�!��6y�!/�798y�&d�+o� �y(edK�<fR+e���0�B��+P�}d�-]���!+q�O�!� ���R�o4���O�!�0EyF$��d����!�<2�+e�eJ>�fR+e I(0���U��p1���!���q���!�B�$�!�0�!�������;�����B�0�!��6y�!/�798U���R�&+`���K�!��(��}�!�R�!�U�!�<p!�q������(ed���-��qd�+o���qpy(*-�+,�������R�qp��^+o�!�����qpy���1(,/���-��q�I(,�q��+`+e�I(�41Ln�1(wve�}+`�$(e(o�T���1(h�]�!�$��p1(,f��!+,�B�I(P�G+o���&�!�R�R�$�\-R�1(h�]f�+h���R�O�!���CfRd�-�+�B��-�+,f��!+o���$��aIdK�R�{+e���B�y�K�;���� G��/R8!�0�;��-R(e�^-���b;:~-R�K��7^�K�\4���O�!�0E\A�p�fR�!+o�z�K�1(n�>�{�qdK� �!�O(�4]¡;�O��fR�!+*�&�B�y�����{+hd�-�fO�1(,(e��+o�z����2R�1(l��b;�����1�K� ���R�$(o�&+o�!�&�Bd��0���;���Bv*� �!�.46��!/798U��p!�Rd��a!�'���¢aId�������R�&�$dK�£����W1X�W�[u�!�~�q���R�q�'�K�Ua1dK�O�\-Rp!+o��+0�B�I(0fR+edK�q�1a��qd+o���q(02�+`���&�����R�$�\-R�1(���������+o�!2��B�y�}->�^-R��4¤ +e�!�0�B �+e��+ep�2��!�����$d����������;�&+o��2�-<:<�1(o/=?�<�K�!�O(P���;+ep��Z�$d�� ���i:<�!�����\4���K�O�0ECLn�Qa�/�����¥Z/����1(~:<�1(h/�=?��(l��+o�!���$�B�cbQ���Bp!�0��+o�!�m�$�K+`�$(e(o�$���Q����:�-���7^�K�\4CLn�1(>�qd�+eaI�1(<(o�1d�-�K�$�!�����1(dRaIa�-�f������C�B���Rd+e�¦�}-�r �(*=$+�4���K����E�F{§�p��]+o�$�!+&J5L��I(5���^���!�B(�+h��f�d�-(e(l�!���C�$�1(,����a�-�+e(o�$d��R(n���i���$vo�0�!�¨�K�!��(��B�I(PfR+`d�q�!a!�qdK+o�!�q(�4���K���R�!�!�K��©'E ¤ ��-�(h�B��-�+e(w�&+`��2�-R(w|1��7^�K���q�1(��}- ��d�+e�0(edK�R�O+ep!f�+`��� p1�I(wfRdK-�+n����d��+,+e�1�ª-(epm���m(h�B���R+e��B�!+n�K�!�O(���i��dK-K�������B�i�!+o��pI���������Bvh� �!�.4

� 6S� E 69C�YBZF4LR#C�Z YBY�^ N+E�K/PQZF4hZ KAK/ZFI�EJ4LC 698k<�KACJ4LR�R C�q�ubn F}�q?s#qbu�CBK GwE�YBZFGHZF4LPw69EBK/PcZ[4 �+;=PcK/EJ4 4LPQmF^LC$R Cq�uW�Fs�} qBsYXbn#f

� �

���K��D�E\�Gp���d����q�y���1(P�&+o��2�-R(n�}-;H\���¦�z���P�K���!�B#ª�G��7Z�K8!�Z+ep!f�+o����p1��f��!+�r �2O�K�!�����!/ �!�$#����!|!=B+�4Ln�1(n�*d�+oa1�1(w�������$vo�0�!�¨dRa!a�-�fO�!���C�$�yr 3(*=$+�4���K�O�0E�FT(e�!f��q���<2R+e�oJP�aIa1dK+e�<�K���!� ���&�Bp;�������ia1d��>����+`a1�������1ai���$vo�&�!���$�\4���K�O���!�!�K�R���ZL,�Bvo�0�!�"���������}�i�B�I(P�q�!+o+o���&d���+h�I(,�$�K+`�$(e(o�$���1(n���za!d����&+o���$�;�!����(o�K�qdK-��q������ G��/�8!� �\4���K�O��EKL,����� �!� 6��!/�7\8m��dK�0���@(edK�U�&���B( ¤ +o����aI�m/Op!+o���&�$��+`�O�������R�&+odR�}-����n�!�$d�+e(i�B��;f�+o����a���f��~�}71�R�1(h�&�B�^-���!���}p��R !+e������/�d�(o�&�������qpy�K��-�����f��!+q�&�$����������a!���1(e(e�y���1( ��� ��������4F&W!j@� �!� J ¤ +e��� �$ !+e�yp1�K���&�$dK����� ���������! #"mF$�iLM�y§�d�%!Jo�]d+*�^�����idR�q���Ba��B�!���}-~�]dK-K���!+o�����������O�<-��&���3�!¥Z¥K�������q�\4Ln� a�/�����¥Z/�%.-��&���1��FT���1(0:<�!���K�!�]J0�!��+ep���d���q�������!���~�`��-s(o-�+<���¢���'&I�1��� ���.A08!+<�1�$#q�}�!�1�K�Ud)(u+ep1(l�B������$vo�0�!�Q4���K�O���!�!�K�R�.ECA �!�O(@���> G��/�8!� �!�,��� +ep���d����q�����0���0�&+`��2�- (o/��1�qp!���q�����1(*��!+o8!��=T�U�1(h�;� �!�qpI�<f��!+¦�}��7^�y�!�$#ve(o���!� �/�� �1�K�]�����$(n���i������� �!� 6��!/798�:<�!�>=?�~�!�$#&A>=B�54���K�O���!�!�K©�D�EZ�Gd���������5�ª��+`+o���ªd+`���!�]�����1ai����m+o�!2R�$��(o�1d�-�K���q����- (*-��B�!�P�}-�r �(`=B+n�!�C���i���$d��1(o�$(n�����0�!��+o8!�C4���K�O�0E�F{§�p��]+o�$�!+&J5�Gd��<2��!+h�����������q(P2R+o���&���R���B�^-�I(n(*-����q�i��-)�¦���Oa�-�+e(o�Bd��(n���I(P�&+edK-�fR�1(n�������Bvh� �!�.4F$��dK�����02R+o�1#q��pIa1���02�+e�eJ,�]�Ia!d��O����+ep��]d����q�����I(+*��!+o8!��=?�4F$A�p1a1���02�+e�eJwE! �+`�!���qp��K�����0���&�$p����C���;a1dK�0����+eaI�;�����Ia�����¡;�G�K��4���K�O���!�!�K©R��EP�Gp�2��!�����$d��s���I(~�&+o��2-(<���I(~+ep��Z�Bd��(<�}-�H1���~�3�!�3�}-�%'�1(o/R+*=T�uF�,�(h�TJ�4nr y2��K�!�����!/u�!�$#����!|1=$++ep�-R(e(o���O-��O�;�Rd�-]���!���$���*d��$(,b;+ep!�&�!2�����+,�B�;aIdK�R�&+`��B�y�������$vo�<�!�.4���K©P�;EIL,�����0�!� 6��!/�7\8�a!d����&+o���$�;�$�1(,+ep��^�$d��O(n�}-.-m/R���3��8!�R�������}��+��38!/��!�O%'�!��+o��2���������-�+hpI�1(���-R(e�\-����I�Bd+h(��-��qd���dK���1(�41 n+o�!���qpy�K���!�0���&�$p;�����1a����Bvo+o�!¥Z�KfR+o�!�0�B�!+PfR��7Z(P�!+o�!2��ib;+`�Ia1dK�R����=B�&+e�����Bvo�0�!�Q4���K©�©<E ¤ �1a!�$�&�$a!�!�&�Bd�����I(,+op��Z�Bd��(n�}-<� d+e�]#/,�(o�,FT�\-R�{7\8!�R�Z���!2R�!�}�G�!+o�!�z�������!2R�!�K�!�B#ª�(��@�1�\J�4F$%'�!+e(&J5 G+o�!���qpy�K����� ���&�Bpi�����1ai���i: d������!�����^4���K©�D105F&WZW<�qp��]+o�B�!+&J� G+o�!���qp<�K���!� ���&�Bp0FT�}�!�R�!�eJ������&+e�3���Bvo�>�!� �!�w�B�@�]d�-]����+o����-�+m�K� ������C4KL��I(�6mp!��p��R���q�I(+e�!�OdK��a1�����CfRdK-�+n�^-��!+o�!�R�q�i�!��(�b��qd�-��q�i+e���������K�$a!�!�&�Bd��(`-�+,�$�1(wfR+ed��q�!a��qdK+o�!�q(n�}- (*-R��4Z�Gp!�&�!2����$(�(e�������R�z�}-a1d�<���!+ea1�������1a���������]�����q�!+e�K���C����f�-��B(iW1X32}j�4F�y�]+o��� Jw3�q��+edK�R�q�����!���q(w7Zp���p��RdR#q(h�1dK-R�K�B�!�O(�byfR+`dfRdR(����m�0�!��+o8!�'���n�}- r 3(*=B+�4}L��I(;�&d�+ea1�I(�(o�1dK-R�K�B���R���I(fR+e���������R�O:~-R�K��7^�K�y�!�O� �!��+o8!�C4F$j]YS�0�!� J> G+o�!���qp ���c �8!���B�h4,Ln��6mp!�����s+e���Rd��Ra1�¢bQ+e�l���!�O�K�B�^-��+ �$�Sr 3(*=$+����3�0�!��+o8!�C4PLn�1(��}�1dK-R�K�B�!�O(p��K�1a�-R�!�R�5:~-�K��7Z�K���!�5����a!��q���!��a��B���R�O���������C�B�K+o�$(e(o�B���^4���K©O�0E ¤ +e�!�0�B !+o�;�0�B(l(o�Bd�~7^p�� p!�����q�;���y�&d�+*� �!�&�$d��<�0�������&�!��+e�y�!� vh+`�!¥4�w+ep!�!�&�Bd�'b��}�!�R�!�<���I(�����-%�Qf�+e�!�0�B �+`�I(mdK+q�Z�!���B(o�!�&�$d���(i+ep1�*d�+q�0�B(h�q�1(o�54�� �6� �87+�����$"8�$�9 ��C��� :;�87$ �7+�����<:;=#�>� �+?'@?4�w+ep!�!�&�Bd��b A>/�-�2R/R�!�SfR�!+��/��0�1���<-Or �08!�u���0���'FBAC�#��D������E�����$��?'�<����+�oJ3����-��������1( fR+e�!�0�B �+e�1(~p1aId��B�I((epIa�-����B �+e�1(,��dR����+q�O�1(,��-~6�p����!���Z�!���O(o���\-R���K��-��.�ma1��+ea��$�����i���;+epI�&d�+o���F¦FHG� #�9@%���I�������H �?eJ�4 G+o�!���qp�����f��!�B�<���z�K���!�0���&�$p;�����Ia����H,;�&/R�$dKfR�$�\4F$��dK�����02R+o�eJ5�aIa1dK+e�<�{+edK�R�&�!���B��+n�!���&+e���n��79�1�<���C�Z�!���!�\4���K©O�0EOm+`+e�I(o�&�!�&�BdK�u�K���/��0�1�U�!�$#&%.-��&8\rnF$�B�!�1����+¦���J4�� �6� ��7K�����$"8�$�� �� J@f�-��B(~�K��m/R�0�1�U�>-Or �08!�C4OL,��2�p�+ep!��>-�r � 8!��(o�B���]���$�;��- �w�!��+e�^4F�y�]+o��� J�E1 n+o�!���qpy�K���!�0���&�$p;�����1a����m§R+o�!��aI�\4F$A�p1a1���02�+e�eJwE! �+`�!���qp�����fR�!�B�<���z�K�����0���&�Bpi�����Ia;�����������Z�B�}-R�\4

�1�

���K©O�0E\�<-Or �08!�<�1�K+e�1(e(l�;��- ¤ +o���Oa1��/Rp�+o���&�B��+P-��>fR��� f�/��B�!�,F ���I� � "#"�� ���I���!�H ����,L,�;f�+e�!�0�B �+e��fR���!���R�q��eJ�4F�3dK)��TJCL,�������0�����B�i�!�B#����!|I=B+n�I(o�z��p1���������&�����!���!���zp!a��!+`�qpI�;�}-<fRdK-K��d���+�4F$A�p1a1���02�+e�eJ5L,�!�Ra1�!�����R�C���i����+e���Z-R��F�����<4 �����!��������+�8�!�#"8����+� �\4���K©O�E����-K���!+o�{-�+h�y�������;fR+e���0�B !+e�;pIa1d�B��fRd�-�+n�������$�1(�4���KDO�0ECF$%'�!+h(�J��+o+o����pI�@��- �n�!��+e�¦���@%.-�/R�!�0� �1�c% �!/��>)R���!�B# *w-�2R��79+*=$���1aIa1d� f����^���!���;r �2��K�!�����!/'�!�B#���!|!=B+�43FT�K�!f��q�!�<2�+h�oJcm�B# *G-�2���79+*=¦��� �>-Or �08!� a�+hpI���R� ���I��� ��7$@��9�C���I���!�H ��y-��O�S�1(e(edRa����!�&�$d���+ep1�*d�+o� �$(o�q�+e���Z+edK-�fR�!��� ���I(S6�p���p��R���ª�I(u�}- �w�!��+e�\4,;���$��(e�!+o�£�I� a1d���&�1a!�U�����Ia �$�1( §R+e !+e�1( �<-R(*-����0�!��(�f��!+���������q�!+o��pI�K���!��+h�y�K���!�$#o§�-R�K��79�K�!�B# ���!+o�&����8!��={4���KDP�;E�F{§�p��]+o�B�!+&JP�>-�r � 8!� �^-����&�q�i�B�;�w�!��+e�ifRdK-�+P������54F HI-������$�!�TJ,���!�qdK-�+n�K���!�$# *w-�2R��7\+*=�b��}�!�R�!�ifRdK-�+,f�+hpI(e�!���q��+n(od����9�#D�"� 8� �� F$fR+ed��^+o�!�0���i���;+op1�qd+q���1(�f�+hp�fR�!+op�����Ia;�$�1(,��dK-K�����������q(,+`pI�qd+q�0�B(o�q�I(n�}- �w�!��+e�;�!�C���y�Z�����!�eJ,b;���Bvo�0�!�0�]�\-��K���B��� f�+o�B(ed�����\4L�� vo�0�!� ���R�q�!+*+edK� f��,���mfR�!+*-��&�$d��'�K� �����<4 �����!� ���I��+�8�!�#"8�� �+���Rf�+ep��q�8�]�&�!���,���mf�p!�-�+o�$�y��d�R�K���!�B�@���mf��!fR�B��+�4���!���;�B�ya1dK���&+`�!���R�Ob����!��+e���������!���������Ia ���I�����K #"14F$A�p1a1���02�+e�1#����!���K�B�!+&J��m���9-R�y�K���!+o+e�1(o�&�!�&�$dK��(n�����iLM��2R+`�I(�K4���KD�©�E��<+o�!���K�y�&�!�0�����^4!L,��vo� �!� +e�1�{-R(e�y�K��dK-K�]+o��+n(e�I(,+ep!(e��+q���1(,fOdK-�+z�1(l(o�B(o�q��+,�B�I(,��pIa!�1(e(h���q��-)�R4���KD�D�EyL�� �]dK-K����+`�O�!���!���.+hpIdK+*�^�!���B(e�g�$�1(��K�����B(l�Bd��(��1�K� ���R�$(o�&+o�!�&�����I( ��- fR��7^(SfOdK-�+ �&�1a����$���q��+ (ed�a1d���&+e���B�i(*-�+,�$�1(w�K�B�q�*p!+e�!���q(w�K�B(o�&+o�$a!�q(,�!�O�1�*�&�!��2�����+,����aId�/�p!(h�Bd������1(P�&+o��2�-R(�4F$%'�!+e(&JPA�p��qp�+`�$d�+o���&�Bd��0���1(,+o�!���!�&�Bd��O(n�����&+`�i�B��f�+`����a!���/��0�1�<�!�O�B�I(PL,��2�+`�1(h���^-��K��-���p!�&�!�B���R�C�!�&�&�1a�/Op1(�4F HI-����]J,�>-Or �08!�����z�!�$# *w-�2R��7\+q=R�^-����&�q�!�R�5���ma1dK-�+G���� G�1��|�fOdK-�+P��������R�� 1(��Bd�+e(�f����$�m�K���$��p1�1(�+ep1�&d�+o�0�B(o�q�I(�!�y��dR�K�!+o�R�$(o�q�1(@�����Ia0��dK�&�!�0� �!��������a�+hp��!�&�BdK�u�}- ¤ �!+`�&�n���I(�6�p!��p!�����q�1(�L,��2�+e�1(�4z�Z�$�!��(`-����;-����>�]���\-���K���!+o+e�1(h�&�!�&�Bd��O(n�K�!�O(,�B�I(,f�+`���Ra!��fR�!�B�I(P�]�$���B�1(w�K-~6�p������C4Zvq���q�!+e�K�Ba��&�$d������ : ��7$ �7 ���I� � ����@�D��;���za1d���&+h��B�yp��&+`d������i����aId�+q+e�I(ofRd��O�K�!�Ra1�\4F HI-������$�!�TJwLn�1(w�n+o���&�!���R�$�\-R�1(���-��qd�+o�$(e�!���,���BdKf�fRdR(o���&�Bd������2Op!+o�!�B�@�8�]���BpI�mbm+e�1(o�q��+nby3�����R��b3a!d����K���&�BdK�'���y���fR�1(w��p!f��BdK79��+n�K���1a��&���]���qpif�d�����&�$�\-R�i�&+`d�f>���R�q���O(e�\4FT�K�!f��q�!�>2R+e�oJ5LM�$vo� �!�"�&�!���C�!+o+��!�q��+z����-������i(e�1(w�&���$(o��ve(o�0����=B�T4���KDO�0E�L,���1aIa1�1(l(o�Bd�Nb"����������p�f��!�O�K�!��aI� ���"��dK�02�+e�l-%� f���7^(V�!+o�!2��I(o� aId��R��-]�}-pI�"b ���"fOd������&�T�\-�����1(hf�d��&�$�\-R�y���;���Bv*� �!�0�K�1a1a�+edK=$���$�;�0p1a1dK���q���R�q�������R�C�!���B�I(,+e���������K�$a!�!�&�Bd��(w�]�i+`pI�qd�+*���I(�4,;�&�!2����B(l(e�!���!�������i����LM���9-R�i�!+`�!2O�;��dK�R�O�$��6�p����!�0�1(o��-�� � ���<2R+e�;�*d��O�K���q��-�+�4A��1(n�^-R�!+e�!���B�1(������q�!+q�O�1(Pf�+hd���dR�^-R�!���C�$��+e�!�&dK-�+,��-¦6mp�����������fR��-(h�B��-�+e(PL,��2�+h�I(,|I��7^�K���q�I(�4���KDO�� �! H\�!���]�$�!+&J,�w+hp��!�&�BdK�0bw������ ���;���"�<+o�!�����G�(e(ldRa!���!�&�$d��>6�p!��p��R���q��F#�~;6�J�4F&WZWy���]+o�$�B#�j%$~�0�!� J���$(e���q�yb;3���!�Q�}- f�+o����aI�i�/��0�1�>f�d}-�+Ga1d�R�{+e�!+n����a�+ep!�!�&�Bd�Q���y���&�~y634]vo���!���Rd��Oa!��!�Bd+e(n(o����d��Bd�R�qp;�K��d�-]���!+o�{-�+e�^4F$[3�0�!� J��G�1a!d���R�!�$(e(o�!��aI���K��fR�$d��0�!�&�B�^-�y���;������� �!�0�!��7^p���p!�R���q��fR�!+P�B�I(+,;�&���q(e#h¡;�R�B(�4F$2�WydRa!�&d�2�+`�lJ ¤ +h��� �$�!+P��-�� p!+ed<���' �)( 7����I�#* �8�!�#"���d+q�Z�!�O���������+���634F$j]Y���dK���!�<2�+h�oJw�Z��7Z�C�!�$#qve(o��8!�¨vo2�+o8�/=B� �{-����z�}�!�R�!�y����+e���$d������C�B�I(PL,��2�+e�1(�bw������C4���KDO�0E�F H1-������B���TJ,� dK-K�������B�i�0�B(e(o�$d����K�BpI�}-a��!�&�Bd��>��-¦L,��2��!�����P��� ,��\71f��q�\4F&W'2��1dK)��TJ,�G���Oa1dK�R�&+o�������t+e�F���!+o�&����8!��=R�!�O�$�1(PL,��2�+e�I(n�}-��w�!��+h�^4F$2ZY@(e�!f��q��� 2�+`�eJ53�K/�pI(o�BdK���}-~6�p������0��-)�¦�0�!�&��d���(�¡;���B�I(�4

� �

F&W1��+,�RdK�����<2R+e�oJnv*�R��-K�\-�+o�!�&�$d��0b��Z�!���!���������;+o�1�K�Bd�7^p�� p��R���q�^4F$��dK�����02R+o�eJ~:<�1(o�!�g�!�B#ª�G�!�R��8!�G�*d����K�!�&��-�+<���1(0§�+h �+e�1(@�<-R(*-����0�!��(o���1(o�m�Od��0��pc+`��fR+`pI(e�!���&�����3����������6���-�f�+h I(,���;���wLM���9-R�i�!+`�!2O�����C�K����-��&+h�I(,d�+*�Z�!�R�$(o�!�&�Bd��(,2��1(ep1�I(,��- �w�!��+e�\4���KDO�0E�F&W $3�*p��]+o�B��+&JP�(l(o�1(�(h���R�!�P���;�������0�!� 6��!/�7\8\49��p���d���-��&�$d���a1d��O(o�&���{-��&�BdK���������B�y�^-�������(o�&�!���B��r m2��K�!�$���!/�!�B# ���!|I=$+,��-�fOdK-K��d���+�4F&W'2�� �!+e(&JPm/R�0�1�K�K�!�B��py���;�&+o��2-(w|I��7^�����q�1(o���!���&+e���K�!�O(,�Z�!���!���!�Cf�+e�!�����B�if�dK-K��d��+�4^�}�1ay���y���i�]�$���B�ifR�I+�B�I(<�&+o��2�-R( ���s+e��f�+hpI(o�!�����B�I(<��-s(ed�-��&�$�!���!fRfOd�+o�qp�f��!+<����fOdKf�-����!�&�$d�����-sa1d�-�f �K�>,i�&�!�q4PL,� a!�!f����&�!�$� �I(o���p!f����1aIp1�ib� G�\r ��|1|}4FT_m���K+`��� J+,F��p1a�-��&�$d�� ����r �2O�K�!�����!/ �!�$#����!|!=B+�4F&W\km��p1a1���<2R+e�lJ ¤ -�2����Ba��!�&�Bd� bw3���!� �K�������B: = � � ���K�RdK-K���!��d�+*�Z�!���y����f�+e�1(e(l���}-~��d�-]�����������z�K�1(PL,��2�+e�I(�4

��_!�ªZrm�_pcx�JijZog`i�lOeFcYyU}&m�ls_&[)\nm`X�cYyU�`_&�`ln\O�JeU\sX�i�e7_ �¢yq��iUX �� �T{ * ��0¥{N� 0�Wxk * � v'W#0 * � �oW/²�v�u�V1k�u+�oW ��WHu'{��½uwv �wW/²]0��u � �� � � �j�oiLZhg\��q¡�m`[)m`��\nijZog�_j��v�\s��iU[#g&iwlQe+��iJcÊcYm�_z¹i�� �� � �&� * eq\OZ/ZreUX��Ji�iU[6��yU[�¡�mpg&ijZog`i�­*m`X��U[�\nm`XpX�iq��iUXp[#g&© _&X�i'��m`X�e�cY�q¡p\ni�eU��Zrm�ls_;ij� �� � �`� � �L�o© ¡�yJc�\s[)e7zii�Le »Tg\s[)i���iUXp[*cYiwlQy7z\s[�\s��\^[!yFcYi lQ\~z\ni _�ZÀi�iq[���y�c)\s[)mp�LcYeq[�\nij� �� � �`� �`� � \~}\OZxiLc#��m�_pccYy7z1X6i�ch�jlQ©si#���`lOm`\s[)eq[�\nm`X�g`iLZÊ¡p\ny�c!e�c!�U¡p\OiLZ�Zrmp�U\ne7lCijZ �� � �`� � � � _`[*mp�LcYeU[]\RZ!��i�V ��iUXp[!c!e ln\OZxeq[�\nm`X iU[ ��cY\sX��U\s��i g¹» X�ejZ![�\O��_�i m�_ ��lQ©~¡�y�c�\s[)e7z&ig`yq[)m�_;c�X�y��L� ¬� � �`� � �L�oijZ��yj­)eq\s[YZhg1_Æ��m`X�ZriLc*}&eq[�\OZY��iFiU[#g&iwlQ©~\tZÀm�lQeU[]\�m`XpXp\OZ!��i �

�`�L��� �¥uF²�v���vwWF0 * � u�²ª��0 * v�uF²�v«� v'WF0 * ² ��&� � ��{|X�i�Zry�c)\ni�g`iFcxy }&m�ln[!ijZ���[)cYeJg�\s[�\nm`XpX�i lnlOiLZ$� � ¤�&� � �$­)c!e z�\ lQ\OZxiqXp[ lQe·��eq��e��U\s[)y g`i·cYyJe��q[�\nm`X g¹_ [)c��`X�i·¨Ë_&X�i ZÀyJc�\Oi·g&©^m`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X�Zi �1[)iJc�X�ijZ � � ��&� � �Éiq[#e��J��y7lO�Lc!iUXp[�lQe�����mpg&i�c�Xp\OZreU[�\nm`Xj�Fg`iLZh�Lm`Xp[)iLZY[*eU[�\nm`X�ZÀ� �1�� �¢��0¥khv�u'u u�v �oWHÁ¦WYv�uF² � { Á 0¥{ �|uFÁ�u * v k�uFa50¥k�Á�WÀ²�v�u ��¤ � � �À��¤T�]� �

�1�� � � �d�o©syU��iJc*z&iqX���i�g&i�Z ���Ê\s��c!i�Z¢»Tyq��yUX�\s[)ijZ,��i�[�lQe±��m`Xp[)yJi�g¹_���m�_}&iU��iqXp[AX�eU[�\nm`X�e7l��mpg&i�c)X�i��LlQi���m�µ&[#g&iwlQe�g\~}&i�c/Z!\s[)yj� �1�� � � �|\OZ!\s[Yi7_�cxZxVÂyU��\szc!y�Z iU[ }&m`\OZx\sX�Z eJg`iqXp\tZ�� ��yJg�\neU[)i7_�cxZ iU[ }&iL�q[)iU_;cHZ g`i lQe��mpg&i�c)Xp\RZreU[]\�m`X �L�� � �`� � � �A\OZ!\^[!i7_�cHZoiU[6��\RZÀZx\nm`X�ZoyU[)c!eUX`z¹��cYi�Z �L�� � �`� �`���wg&iUX�V�lQijZ��\ z¹cYeqXp[YZoiU[�lQijZoyU��\OZ7ZreU\ncxiLZ � £� � �`� � �TÁ¦y�g�\neLZ ��¬

� � � �j�oe�lOm`X`zT_;i+��eJcY�U¡�iFg`i�lO©sm`�p��m�Z!\s[�\nm`X ��¤� � � � � �L�oe+��m`X�e�c!�U¡p\ni�iqXp[)cYiFcYyq��cYijZ ZY\nm`X�iU[6��eUXp\s�`_lOeq[�\nm`X ��¤� � � � �`�L�oijZom`�p��m�ZxeqXp[YZhiqXp[)cYiFy ln\s[�\OZY��i'¡�e��q¡�yU��\s[)iAiU[bi#��J�jZog`i+��mpg&i�c)Xp\RZ!��i ��

� � �T¤T�]�T�x��¤ £L�ª� � u�² 0�{ �«u�khv�{|k�uF² �Q�j0¥khv�u+uF² ��{�� uA��º�u�� * ��uF²Á�� * �¥{�u'uF² ����0 * �Ê�{�²W#0 * �L����k�u��{ < �oW �¥{�u��wW * �+�hºªu �«u�u ��� �k�u��u'k�uF² < W < �oWF0 �¥kF� �ʺÆW �¥{|uF²±� ¬* eU\OZ/ZreUX��Ji�g&iwlQe�g1»LX�ejZ![�\ni+ºÆeU� � gªe7l �*� � X� �T¤ �� �x��¤j� � �7� � �

� £