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Autonomous Vehicles: What’s In Store for parking operations, and how are you to prepare? Paul Godsmark, CAVCOE

DON’T PANIC (& CARRY A TOWEL)

Credit: Kimberley Boswell

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Automated Vehicles

Connected Vehicles

Electric Vehicles

ACE Vehicles

Sharing Economy

Huge Impacts

•  Safety - 2,000 fatalities – save 80% (3.9% GDP)

•  Time – save 0.5 Bn hrs •  Shared TaaS •  Savings $65bn/yr1

•  Money flow >20%GDP?2

1Morgan Stanley est. $1.3Tn/yr for US 2CAVCOE estimate

1st AV Service on an Industrial Site, EDF Civaux

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6 shuttles, 2k people save 20-25min & €3M/yr

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When? (2019-2021)

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GM’s Cruise Automation – 2018?

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GM – Cruise Automation

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GM – Cruise Automation

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Cruise: Lights Out at 6-Way Intersection

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Cruise: Human Controls at Road Construction

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Waymo (from Google’s SDC Project) – 2017?

14 Credit: Kyrsten Sinema

AVs won’t just transport

People Goods

But we will see a massive increase in the transportation of

Services

We have never had a product like this…

When certified safe to drive unmanned:

can do work

make owners money

rapid market penetration

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Transportation-as-a-Service (TaaS)?

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AV manufacturers won’t sell the goose that lays the golden eggs. Long term TaaS profits will be far more profitable. Average Canadian family will be $3,000 better off by not owning car, but using TaaS.

Compelling Business Case

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Shared Automated Taxis (TaaS)

Taxis

Car Rentals

Car Share

Ride Share

Disabled, Seniors, Young, Poor etc.

Entrepreneurs

TNCs

Business Models &Policies will steer outcomes Tr

affic

/ Pa

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g / E

mis

sion

s

2016 2021 Time

Conventional

Traf

fic /

Park

ing

/ Em

issi

ons

2016 2021 Time

Dystopian

Conventional

Business Models &Policies will steer outcomes

Traf

fic /

Park

ing

/ Em

issi

ons

2016 2021 Time

Dystopian

Conventional

Utopian

Business Models &Policies will steer outcomes

Why a big deal? •  An AV will do work moving

people, goods, services •  An AV will make money for

owner •  AV Demand > Supply •  Rapid Market Penetration •  Disruptive

Autonomous Vehicle Zones (AVZs)

§  Remove human drivers = Maximum Benefits ASAP §  Improve quality of life ranking in all categories §  Promote walkability and active transportation §  The ‘forgotten 30%’ – unlicensed, disabled, seniors etc. §  Being discussed in LA, Singapore, Helsinki

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LA Mayor, Eric Garcetti, wants LA to be the first major city with a ‘driverless car neighbourhood’

Concept drawing of Landsdown Park in Ottawa. Copyright/Courtesy OSEG, Barry Hobin and Richard Brisban Architects, Canon Design and General Motors for the EN-V pods

Pick-up & drop-off zones are the new

Parking

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Opportunities & Challenges for Parking:

§ Can existing parking facilities be re-purposed?

§ Future-proof infrastructure design § Fleets will need downtown bases

– Fuel/recharge, maintenance, cleaning § Plan for pick-up & drop-off zones

These technologies are coming like a freight train. If we’re ready, great. If we’re not, tough. They’re coming anyway. - Paul Godsmark

City of Calgary – Parking Thoughts in an Autonomous Vehicle World

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Presented by: Chris Blaschuk Manager, Transportation Strategy City of Calgary

Traditional Parking Options

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Future Parking Options with AVs

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Potential Parking Outcomes from AVs

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•  Cars drive until they find the nearest spot that balances response time (when summoned) with cost – could be in surrounding neighbourhoods

•  Cars drive all the way home after drop-off •  Cars circulate looking for trips (i.e. for hire)

or waiting to be summoned by owners •  Cars continue to use existing parking

supplies

Common issues

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•  Huge drop off / loading demands •  How to accommodate? •  On street and/or off street? •  Building design will likely need to adapt

•  Additional vehicle trips from empty vehicles •  Congestion impact

•  Price reductions in existing parking facilities •  How to make up lost revenues? •  Shift to loading charges?

•  Opportunity to significantly improve customer experience

Potential Strategies for Cities

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•  Consider broader on-street parking management initiatives •  May need to control all on-street parking,

rather than just congested areas •  Consider the future flexibility of new parking

facilities, and scrutinize the need •  Could use adaptable designs, or consider

short / interim solutions that can be replaced

•  Consider the potential for parking developments as part of land use planning in non-traditional (i.e. periphery areas)

Calgary Downtown Parking Strategy

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•  Previously: new developments build 50% of parking requirement on site, pay City remaining 50% to build public parking in surrounding area

•  Development community desired to build 100% of parking requirement on site

•  City agreed to this, with provision for relaxing the requirement if a contribution to broader area infrastructure is made

Calgary Downtown Parking Strategy

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•  Important component of the new approach was the risk to the City of an obligation to build future parking facilities if not warranted / economic •  Industry better positioned to respond

•  Biggest risk to City of the new approach – foregone future parking revenue (if AVs don’t / are slow to take hold)

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Autonomous Vehicles: What’s In Store for parking operations, and how are you to prepare? Brett Blain, EIA

Canadian Airports Funding

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•  Non aeronautical revenue is an integral component of Canadian Airports

•  Parking is the largest source of non aeronautical revenues for most airports

•  Loss of this stream would require replacement with other fees for airports to continue operating

* Source – Canadian Airports Council

Airports – Early Adopters

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•  Self driving buses and people movers already in airports •  Christchurch Airport, New

Zealand •  San Jose Airport, California •  Heathrow Airport, London

•  Parking garage redesign •  Elimination of drive aisles

•  Car rental companies will embrace early

Next Generation Autonomous

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•  Autonomous aerial taxi commenced at Dubai International Airport

Airport Business and Sociological Impacts

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•  Airline impacts – passenger and freight •  Transit impacts •  Road network not designed for future traffic

demands •  Legal and insurance impacts •  Transportation business employs 20% of all

Canadians •  Unemployment and re training

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Autonomous Vehicles: Autonomous Mobility and the Future of Parking Nick Spensieri, Metrolinx

Context

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§  A number of possible scenarios for AV adoption could produce significant changes for land-use, VKT, and parking needs

–  Outcomes depend on the level of automation, ownership model and % of AV uptake

–  Impacts on parking will be largely influenced by the ability of vehicles to fully self-park

§  General expectation exists that use, supply, location and configuration of future parking will be affected

–  Estimates that 90% of surface parking could become surplus but it is unlikely to disappear altogether

§  Given long capital planning cycles it is important to entertain the notion that the current parking supply may no longer be needed

Autonomous Vehicles and Parking

Source: University of Toronto (2016) Driving the Future. Report by Banks, I., Rizvi, H., Malik, A., Nogiec, H., & Kearns, M.

Parking Needs based on Ownership Model vs Percentage Uptake

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Expectations and characteristics Usage §  Vastly increased Pick-up and Drop-off (PUDO)

activity should be expected both curbside and at stations

§  Potential for increased EV charging given technological convergence

Supply §  Significantly lower levels of overall parking need

due to increased PUDO, shared vehicles, and private vehicles that return home

Location §  Parking may no longer need to be located within

walking distance of destinations Configuration §  Automated parking may allow for the size of

surface spaces to be reduced, smaller structures with lower ceilings, and off-site locations

Autonomous Vehicles and Parking

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POTENTIAL street and station level considerations

Consider now §  Design stations and curbsides with expectation of much

higher levels of pick-up drop-off activity §  Re-evaluate expensive capital expenditures for parking

and design to maximize flexibility, redeployment and/or future adaptability

–  E.g. Use modular structures or design permanent structures with flat floor construction, outboard ramps, increased ceiling height and live loading capacity

§  Develop real-time, connected, parking inventory to alert vehicles about availability of PUDO and parking spaces

§  Pilot automated robotic parking enforcement Consider in a future state §  Re-evaluate location of parking with local context and

redevelopment in mind §  Design purpose built AV parking and structures to

drastically increase efficiency including Automated Valet Parking

Autonomous Vehicles and Parking

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Autonomous Vehicles: What’s In Store for parking operations, and how are you to prepare? Ralph Bond, BA Group

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