autonomous systems, from science fiction to commercial solutions

Copyright (c) 2016 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights reserved.

Autonomous Systems

fromScience Fiction to Commercial Solutions

Adrian Bowles, PhDFounder, STORM Insights, Inc.

[email protected]

Image Credit: Huffington Post Canada, 7/2/2013

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systems

Autonomy is about Control


Robocop is cool, but…Roomba is Real


(c)

From Humble Beginnings


Autonomous: The ability to make one’s own decisions.

Automatic: A system that responds to environmental input with pre-programmed responses.

Semi-autonomous: A system capable of making [some] decisions based on context, and relying on human intervention or override for others.

self-control

A single system may have multiple modes.


9/7/2016


BigDog is a dynamically stable quadruped robot created in 2005 by Boston Dynamics with Foster-Miller, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Harvard University Concord Field Station.[1] It was funded by DARPA, but the project was shelved after the BigDog was deemed too loud for combat.[2]

BigDog. (2016, August 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:15, September 7, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BigDog&oldid=735286400

MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned Areal Vehicle (UAV/Drone)

Sometimes, a little autonomy goes a long way.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadruped

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Dynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster-Miller

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Concord_Field_Station

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BigDog&oldid=735286400


Sometimes semi-autonomous

isn’t enough


AutoSys

Decision-making… Does it plan? Generative planning?

Use feedback? Coordinate?

Can it: move? in the air? on land? on/under water? see? hear? smell? taste? feel? learn?

Classifying Autonomous Systems

Autonomous Systems


Robots

Semi-Autonomous

Robot/automaton/androidMachine that performs one or more physical tasks determined by preprogrammed instructions or determined by autonomous reasoning.

Autonomous Systems

Autonomous Systems


Consumer

Enterprise

Robots

Home CleaningEldercare

Semi-Autonomous

Automobiles

InfoRetrieval


Autonomous Systems

Autonomous Systems


Consumer

Public Sector Robots


Semi-Autonomous

UAVs

Automobiles

Buses

Trucks

Multi-peds

InfoRetrieval


Autonomous Systems

Autonomous Systems


Consumer

Public Sector

Enterprise

Robots


ManufacturingSemi-Autonomous

UAVs

Automobiles

Buses

TrucksInventory Mgmt

Multi-peds

InfoRetrieval

Cog

nitiv

e C

omm

erce

App

s


NetworkMonitoring

Autonomous Systems


• A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

• A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Isaac Asimov - Three Laws of Robotics

“Handbook of Robotics, 56th Edition, 2058AD”in

Runaround, a 1942 short story


Google Patents Emergency Vehicle Detection for Autonomous Cars

9/6/2016


OlliSelf-driving 12 passenger bus Designed by Local Motors With “passenger experience” improved by IBM Watson (speech to text, natural language classifier, entity extraction, text to speech, and vehicle sensor analysis)

OlliIn tests now in DC


9/7/2016 homeai.info


OrientAct

Observe

Decide

World Model

Formalizing the Decision Process

Boyd’s Loop John Boyd (1927-1997)

Decisions Under DuressMultiple sensors & Effectors


OrientAct

Observe

Decide

Small Model

Formalizing the Control Process

OrientAct

Observe

Decide

Small Model

feedback

Sensor

Sensor

Effector

Effector

Copyright (c) 2016 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2014 by STORM Insights, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Perception/Language

Autonomic

Problem Solving Reasoning & Learning

Simple: deterministic,

retrieve/calculate

Complex: probabalistic

hypothesize, test, rank, selectCreative:

discover, generate

Mem

ory

Stimulus/Sensor

Response/Effector

Input Class/Type Visual Text Image Aural Speech Music Cues Noise Informative Touch Temperature Tactile Texture Taste Smell

Response Types Visible (to the environment) Verbal/NL Text Behavioral (system changes) Haptics/Touch/Proprioception

Invisible Memory updates/ Feedback


Key approaches to

reinforcement

MachineLearning

unsupervised

supervisedThe system is taught to detect or match patterns based on training data. Learning by example.

The system learns/develops strategies based on performance feedback.

An unsupervised learning system discovers patterns based on experience.


Control & Complexity

Low High

AutonomyAutomatic/Reflexive Autonomous

Independent InterdependentIntegration

World Model ComprehensiveNone


Autonomous Systems Artificial General Intelligence

MachineLearning

Cognitive ComputingThe Internet of ThingsUnderstand

Reason Respond

Learn

Domain-independent problem solving

Connectivity

Control

Autonomous Systems in Context

Ethics&

Issues

“I’m sorry Dave, I’m afraid I can’t do that… This mission is too important for me to allow you to jeopardize it…

I know that you an Frank were planning to disconnect me and I’m afraid that’s something I cannot allow to happen.”

HAL, 2001 A Space Odyssey

For more information:


[email protected]

Twitter @ajbowles Skype ajbowles

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