Automotive

Connectivity & Telematics

James Vera 2015

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Table of Content

1. Introduction. ………………………………………………….…………………..………….3 2. Advanced Driver Safety………………....…………………………………..………….....…4 3. Autonomous Vehicles…...……...…………………….….……………………….…...……..7 4. The Connected Car…….…………….…...………………...……………….…………….….9 5. Conclusion.……………………………………………………………………...……….….11 6. References…………………………………………………………………………..………12

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Introduction The advancements in automotive technology have kept the industry abuzz with an explosion of innovative infusion. This evolution in the automotive sector has given rise to advanced driver assistance systems, autonomous and connected vehicles, security protocols, in-car infotainment, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, EV and hybrid powertrains, natural aspirated turbocharged engines, and advanced GPS systems. This is surely an exciting time for the industry, for the engineers, and for the consumers alike (Muli, 2015).

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Advanced Driver Safety Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are technologies that provide a driver with essential information, automate difficult or repetitive tasks, and lead to an overall increase in driver safety (Laukkonen, 2015). Driver-assistance safety technology systems may include collision warning, automatic braking, adaptive cruise control, blind-spot detection, night vision, and lane-departure warning. Currently, the main security concerns regarding these driver safety advancements are the threat from electronic hacking and governmental or private tracking. The following ADAS are all available in production models from a variety of OEMS (Laukkonen, 2015): 1. - This Adaptive Cruise Control

ADAS is especially useful on the highway, where drivers otherwise have to constantly monitor their cruise control systems for safety reasons. With advanced cruise control, a vehicle will automatically slow down or speed up in response to the actions of the vehicle in front of it.

2. – This ADAS Adaptive Headlamps

is designed to aid drivers with their overall sight in dark conditions. This advanced driver assistance technology allows the headlights to swivel and rotate to better illuminate the roadway through corners, and in vehicle inclines and descents.

3. – This ADAS is designed to reduce the severity of high-speed collisions Automatic Braking

in the event of a lapse of driver reaction. Several OEMs offer automatic braking systems that can actually bring a vehicle to a halt, whereby preventing a collision.

4. - Parking assist systems vary from one OEM to another, but most of them are Parking Assist

designed to help a driver parallel park. Several OEMs offer systems that can actually perform the entire job automatically, and others simply provide guidance so that the driver is made aware when to turn the steering wheel and when to stop.

5. – This ADAS utilizes a variety of sensors to alert a driver when an Blind Spot Detection

adjacent vehicle is within his or her blind spot. Several OEMs provide systems that will either illuminate a visual warning or sound an alarm if it senses the presence of an object within a blind spot, and other systems may include cameras that can transmit an image to the head unit.

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6. – This ADAS utilizes a variety of sensors to determine Collision Avoidance Systems whether a vehicle is in danger of colliding with another object. These systems constantly measure the proximity of other vehicles, pedestrians, animals, and various roadway obstructions. When the vehicle is in danger of colliding with another object, the collision avoidance system will immediately alert the driver. Several OEMs offer systems that can also take other preventive actions, such as pre-charging the brakes or applying tension to the seat belts.

7. - Driver drowsiness or awareness detection systems monitor Driver Drowsiness Detection

whether a driver’s attention is starting to wander. Several of these ADAS systems monitor the actions of a driver’s head, and others use technology similar to lane departure warning systems.

8. - GPS navigation systems have become the most utilized ADAS amongst GPS Navigation

drivers. Advancements in GPS systems provide vocal directions, live traffic data, and real-time weather.

9. – This ADAS makes Hill Descent Control

it easier to descend steep inclines. These systems typically work by activating the brakes to automatically slow the vehicle, which works through the same basic mechanism that allows ABS, TCS, and other technologies to function.

10. - This ADAS Intelligent Speed Adaptation

utilizes GPS information to assistance a driver in maintaining a legal speed limit on highways and local roads.

11. – This ADAS utilizes a variety of sensors to assure that Lane Departure Warning Systems

the vehicle doesn’t leave its lane accidentally. If the system determines that the vehicle is drifting, it will alert the driver to take a corrective action in time to avoid hitting another car or running off the road.

12. – This ADAS allows drivers to see things that would otherwise be difficult or Night Vision

impossible to make out at night. OEMs utilize either active and passive night vision systems. Active night vision systems project infrared light, and passive systems rely on the thermal energy that emanates from cars, animals, and other objects.

13. – This ADAS provides the driver with information regarding the Tire Pressure Monitoring

pressure level of each tire. It will alert the driver of a slight or sudden loss of pressure that could inadvertently affect the driving characteristics, or place the driver in immediate danger.

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According to a study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group, new auto safety technologies such as automatic braking and sensors, that keep a car in its lane, could prevent almost 10,000 U.S. road deaths a year and save $251 billion if they were more widely available. According to the Boston Consulting Group, more than a quarter of all car crashes in the U.S. could be avoided if automakers and new-vehicle buyers adopted ADAS (Naughton, 2015). The ADAS technologies are not only keeping drivers safe, but are also helping pave the way for autonomous vehicle technology. According to the Boston Consulting Group, the widespread use of autonomous vehicles, equipped with advance ADAS, are capable of eliminating 90 percent of auto accidents. Automakers are pouring billions of dollars into developing such cars as mobility is being redefined by a new generation of drivers. Secure vehicle communication provides endless opportunities for a safer driving environment. Advancements in vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V), along with our current vehicle to infrastructure network, provide the greatest benefit for improving public safety. V2V technology

employs a small radio transmitter and receiver on each vehicle that broadcasts information about its location, speed, and direction to other vehicles within several hundred yards. Unlike current radar, camera, and other sensors, it can measure and determine what oncoming vehicles are doing, as well as determine the actions of vehicles around the corners and out of sight. The idea is to use this information to help electronic safety systems work more smoothly and safely (Csere, 2015).

“Security is an aspect of V2V that can’t be ignored,” said Bruce Belzowski, Director, Automotive Analysis, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI). “The current tests show V2V security is robust, but we’re working as fast as possible to make it more secure.” The evolution of ADAS and V2V will bring challenges to overall advancements and innovations throughout the industry sector, and among the various OEMs. However, the adoption of such systems must be fairly regulated, implemented safely, and made secure in order for our society to benefit from its promises.

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Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a breakthrough innovation for the automotive industry, however the potential impact with respect to its widespread debut, adoption, and market penetration remains skeptical. While high levels of uncertainty currently surrounds the issue, the ultimate role that AVs could play regarding the economy, mobility, and society as a whole could be profound (Bertoncello, 2015).

There are a number of unanswered questions regarding autonomous driving that still need to be answered. Who is at fault when autonomous vehicles are in car accidents? How do you keep drivers engaged, and under what circumstance do you hand control back to them? How do you keep drivers from getting carsick? Will driving still be a fulfilling experience? Finally, there is also a risk for automakers that autonomous vehicles will change our relationship with our cars and have us rely more on car-sharing services. If that should occur, profit margins will shrink as automakers sell fewer cars (Lardinois, 2015).

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Driverless car technology is already being developed by the likes of Lexus, BMW and Mercedes, while Audi has even tested it on the Nürburgring racetrack. Google is developing its automated technology in the wild, and Apple is rumored to be working with BMW on its own – probably automated – car (Moldrich, 2015). Although autonomous cars will need an enhanced connected infrastructure to function effectively, they still face a larger, more unpredictable factor – us. Humans present problems for autonomous cars as both drivers and pedestrians, and dealing with our unpredictable behavior represents a significant challenge for the emerging technology (Moldrich, 2015). Despite human drivers representing a hazard for autonomous cars, the way they interact with pedestrians raises difficult moral and ethical questions for car manufacturers. In fact, with each car manufacturer racing to develop its own self-driving solution, the behavior of autonomous cars is becoming more and more fragmented. If this problem is not addressed effectively, autonomous cars of the future will be dangerously temperamental to pedestrians (Moldrich, 2015). A second concern surrounding autonomous vehicles is the level of security. Autonomous cars will encompass an increased range of systems than make it vulnerable to hackers. Although it may seem like an issue for the future, car hacking is already occurring. Recently FCA had to recall 1.4 million Jeep Cherokees after it was discovered to be vulnerable to hacking. Security experts Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek were able to wirelessly control functions like acceleration, windscreen and radio, rendering the driver powerless. In an autonomous car, which relies entirely on computer systems, the effects could be devastating. Autonomous vehicles must have an appropriate level of security built into them to manage any risk of unauthorized access. Until these problems are addressed, fully autonomous vehicles will pose a dangerous risk to our society. At the moment, driverless cars are only truly safe when tested and operated around other driverless cars in a controlled environment (Moldrich, 2015). There is no doubt that the rise of autonomous vehicle will have a profound impact on society. Defining how to shape the AV landscape effectively represents a significant strategic challenge for the industry and regulatory authorities in the coming years (Bertoncello, 2015).

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The Connected Car The importance of data connectivity in automobiles cannot be overstated. Connectivity as an enabling technology is no longer a feature, it’s a given on most vehicles. The challenge is to define what kind of benefit it brings to the driver and how connectivity can provide a societal value and a heightened level of experience (Bongard, 2015). Developing a connected car involves a number of technical challenges that must be considered in order to meet consumer demand. Impeding challenges associated with driver distraction and app integration must be implemented in ways that mirror the needs of customers who want to carry their technology from their smartphones to their cars. As more features and functions are integrated into HMI systems, there is a need to integrate a driver’s lifestyle without impacting safety (Costlow, 2014). “With satellite radio, AM and FM, cellular, telematics, and Internet radio, you’re getting more pipelines into the vehicle, and they’re all getting faster,” said John Robb, Senior Manager, Electronic Systems Development at Hyundai American Technical Center. “They are more than connections; people expect the vehicle to be an extension of their living space.” This point is prevalent with the millennial generation. This new generation of car buyers possess the largest purchasing power and influence since the Baby Boomers (Costlow, 2014). Subsequently, OEMs must acknowledge the dynamic change within the car buying experience. Growth in the automotive industry’s highly integrated and highly saturated connected car systems will yield approximately $14.5 billion in revenue from automotive data assets by 2020, according to a connected car study from IHS Automotive. In addition, IHS forecasts there will be 152 million actively connected cars on global roads by 2020, a fraction of the estimated 18 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices on the planet (Boyadjis, 2014).

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IHS Automotive estimates conservatively that more than 480 terabytes of data will be collected from the OEM connected car landscape in 2015. At present, the majority of connected car data that is collected is used internally for diagnostics, location, speed, and vehicle status. By 2020, the IHS Automotive study expects four core categories of data to be most important to automakers, suppliers, third parties and end-users: • Diagnostics, • Location, • User experience/features, and • Adaptive driver assistance

systems/autonomy data. “The most important challenge this industry has in front of it is organizing systems and defining roles in Big Data from the connected car. Who owns the data, the pipe, and the analytics is still yet to be determined, and will have to be before connected car data can be put to work efficiently.”

Mark Boyadjis, senior analyst of infotainment and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) at IHS Automotive

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Conclusion Automotive OEMs must work in fundamentally new and different ways to deliver the Connected Car that consumers so clearly desire. Automotive OEMs need to become more attuned to consumers and more willing to expressly match products to consumer preferences. Although there may be many challenges ahead, one key component to the success of the Connected Car is collaboration between the OEMs. Collaboration is essential in order to control overall cost, prevent redundancy, and most importantly, provide impenetrable safety and security.

~ James Vera

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References

• Bertoncello, Michele. (2015). Ten ways autonomous driving could redefine the automotive world. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved October 14, 2015, from, http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/automotive_and_assembly/ten_ways_autonomous_driving_could_redefine_the_automotive_world.

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October 13, 2015, from, http://www.automotiveit.com/daimlers-digital-car-boss-says-connectivity-is-a-given/news/id-0010878.

• Boyadjis, Mark. (2014). New HIS Automotive study forecasts more than 150 million connected cars on global

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• Lardinois, Frederic. (2015). Autonomous Cars Are Closer Than You Think. Techcrunch.com. Retrieved October

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