automatic facial skin detection using … · automatic facial skin detection using gaussian mixture...
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International Journal of InnovativeComputing, Information and Control ICIC International c⃝2012 ISSN 1349-4198Volume 8, Number 2, February 2012 pp. 1135–1144
AUTOMATIC FACIAL SKIN DETECTION USING GAUSSIANMIXTURE MODEL UNDER VARYING ILLUMINATION
Md. Foisal Hossain1, Mousa Shamsi2, Mohammad Reza Alsharif1
Reza A. Zoroofi3 and Katsumi Yamashita4
1Department of Information EngineeringUniversity of the Ryukyus
1-Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, [email protected]; [email protected]
2Faculty of Electrical EngineeringSahand University of TechnologyNew Sahand Town, Tabriz, Iran
mousa [email protected]
3School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Tehran
Tehran, [email protected]
4Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Prefecture University
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, [email protected]
Received October 2010; revised February 2011
Abstract. Recently, skin detection methodologies based on skin-color information as acue have gained much attention as skin-color provides computationally effective, robustinformation against rotations, scaling and partial occlusions. Skin detection using colorinformation can be a challenging task as the skin appearance in images is affected byvarious factors such as illumination, background, camera characteristics and ethnicity.This paper presents a method of facial skin extraction by estimating varying illuminationof the image and using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) of facial images. For illumina-tion estimation, two skin models are used. One is under normal condition and the otheris under bright illumination condition. If the estimated illumination is very far fromthe normal image, then the given image is illumination compensated and feeds again toGaussian Mixture Model for segmentation, which automatically segments the skin por-tion. Experimental results on frontal and lateral color images show the efficiency of theproposed method compared with the conventional skin color segmentation method basedon GMM. Experimental results show that this method is highly applicable for practicalpurpose such as surgical planning.Keywords: Facial skin detection, Gaussian mixture model, Varying illumination, Skinmodels
1. Introduction. Nowadays, facial skin detection has been an active research area forpurposes, such as intelligent vision based human computer interaction, face tracking, facerecognition, facial expression analysis, human emotion recognition system, content-basedimage retrieval (CBIR) systems and facial surgery. Recently, skin detection methodologybased on skin-color information as a cue has gained much attention as skin color providescomputationally effective information. Recent advances in Digital Human Technologywith broad availability of high performance computer graphics have created a unique
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