automatic doors (font 20[2003])

7/31/2019 Automatic Doors (Font 20[2003])

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Group member:

WAN MUHAMMAD HADI BIN WAN ROSLEY

WAN NUR AFIFI BIN WAN RUSLAN

YEO CHIN CHENG


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DEFINITION:

Doors that can open and close independently without the need of

users contact, which utilizes the use of controlling devices, moving

parts andnsensors.


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Types of Automatic Doors

- Swinging type, sliding type,

folding type, revolving type

and etc


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How They Work

To operate, every automatic door requires a Door Control System

that can sense certain conditions in and nearthe doorway. In the majority of todays applications, the sensing tasks are

performed by various combinations of two devices:

(1) Motion detectors

(2) Presence detectors


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Motion Detectors Presence Detectors

Motion detectors are used

to determine if a person hasentered the Activation Zone.

Once motion is detected, an

open command is sent to

the doorwhich then

automatically opens thedoorway.

Presence detectors are

used towatch a given area to

decide if,

due to safety concerns, there

are any reasons the door

should not beopened or should be kept


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The mechanism of automatic

doorsA person approaches the Activation Zone

His motion detected by the motion detector

The controller sends signal to open the doorand the presence sensor is triggered at the

same time

The presence sensor detects the presence ofthe person and the door is kept opened

When the presence sensor no longer detectsthe person, the controller will give instruction to

close the door


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Motion Detectors Motion detectors are devices that contains physical mechanism or

electronic sensor that quantifies motion that can be either integrated

with or connected to other devices that alert the user of the presence

of a moving object within the field of view.


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Motion DetectorsCombination of the 3 sensors:

Passive infrared Sensor (PIR)

Microwave Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor


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Motion DetectorsActive motion sensors

Emit energy into the surrounding and detects thechanges in energy after being reflected by thesurrounding

Example: Active infrared, Microwave, UltrasonicSensor

Passive motion sensors Do not emit energy but only detect energy

emitted by the surrounding

Example: Passive infrared Sensor


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Presence Detectors Presence sensors are switching devices that

respond to the presence and absence of people in

the sensor's field of view.

The system consists of a motion detector, an

electronic control unit, and a controllable switch

(relay).


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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) PIR is a type a pyroelectric sensor that detects the rapid changes in

the overall amount of infrared light in a scene

PIR does not detect motion, but only focuses on the difference of

temperature


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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) Slow, overall changes in the amount of infrared light,

such as would occur when the sun goes behind a

cloud or a room heats up, should not trigger the

sensor

The sudden change caused by a human being

entering the sensor's field of view should trigger the

sensor.


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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)Case 1: PIR

A passive infrared motion detector has been installed and it is ready

to monitor an activation zone. The average room temperature of the

area being monitored is 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Now imagine that aperson with a body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit emerges

the scene. The passive infrared motion detector will pick up on the

sudden increase in temperature and in doing so will trigger the

system to open the door.


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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) Basically, when a person emerges a scene, the

changes in temperature is an indication that there

are motions going on in the surrounding


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Microwave Motion Sensor Microwave motion detector sends out pulses of

wave into a surrounding to detect motion.

It monitors for Doppler shifts in wave energyreflected from the scene.

A Doppler shift is a change in frequency of a wave

that is reflected from or emitted by a moving object

or is measured by a moving observer


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Microwave Motion SensorAs in the motion-detection case, the detector is

stationary, any frequency shift in waves reflected

from the scene must result from the motion of

objects in the scene.


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Ultrasonic Motion Sensor Ultrasonic motion detector uses sound frequency

in motion detection.

Sounds that cannot normally be heard aretransmitted into an area: when motion occurs, it

disturbs the frequency of the sound waves and can

be identified by the sensor


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There are three important parts in the passive infra-red sensor

which is:-

Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor,

Infrared Fresnel lens

Machined enclosure for mounting our Fresnel lens


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Pyroelectric infrared

sensor


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Pyroelectric infra-red sensors The pyroelectric sensor is made of a crystalline material that produce

infrared radiation.

When the amount of radiation changes, the amount of charge also

changes and then be measured with a FET device built in the sensor.

The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation so a filter window isadded to limit incoming radiation.


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Infra-red fresnel lens


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A Fresnel lens is a Plano Convex lens that has been collapsed on

itself to form a flat lens.

The Fresnel lens is made of an infrared transmitting material that has

an specific IR transmission range.

It is designed to have its grooves facing the IR sensing element sothat a smooth surface is presented to the subject side of the lens.

Infra-red fresnel lens


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Ultrasonic Sensor Structure

1. Sensor Body

2. Front Cover

3. Spring Clips for installation two clips a and b

4. Wires Connector


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Principle of operations of

Ultrasonic Sensors Ultrasonic sensors activate a quartz crystal that emits

ultrasonic waves.

The sensor then senses the frequency of the reflected waves.

If there is motion, the reflected wave's frequency will shift

slightly. Ultrasonic sensors operate at frequencies that are above

human sensitivity.

Ultrasonic sensors are very sensitive to

movement.


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Microwave sensor


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Doppler motion detector units, or microwave sensors, operate at

frequencies of 10 Mhz.

They utilize a doppler radar signal which bounces microwaves off of

an object, then measures the frequency of the returning microwaves.

If an object is moving in the sensor's field, the returning microwave

will be at a different frequency, higher or lower than the original

signal transmitted.

Microwave sensors offer a greater distance of coverage and are

more reliable at greater distances. Microwaves can also penetratewalls which means these security sensors can be placed behind

objects.

Principle Operation Of

Microwave Sensor


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CIRCUIT OF ULTRASONIC

MOTION DETECTOR POWER SUPPLY

9 volt battery,B1 provides power for some sections,also connected to

a 7805L regulator,IC3.

5 volt-DC power source provides power for other sections of thecircuit.

Transmitter Section

Basically a crsytal-controlled relaxation oscillator built around a 4049

hex inverter,IC2

One of the 4049 sections,IC2-c,along resistor R21 and R22,andcapacitors C11 and C12,pingsthe 40 kHz crystal into sustained

oscillation

Linear buffers,BZ2,to drive 40 kHz ultrasonic transmitting transducer


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MOTION DETECTORRECEIVER SECTION Made up of four AC-coupled stages

Each one built around one of four sections of LM324 op-amp

First Stage

The input voltage developed across R1 and R2 is modulated by 40kHz,ultrasonic receiving transducer,BZ1,and is then fed to IC1-a

The receiving transducer detects any reflected sound produced bythe transmitting transducer,BZ


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MOTION DETECTORSecond Stage

IC1-b,recovered signal is again amplifier

The output of the second stage is a DC level that represent the

strengh of the envelope If there is movement,the envelope will reflect it in form of a positive or

negative signal.

Third Stage

A differential amplifier built around IC1-c,there are two diodes,D2 andD3

They detect negative and positive signal.


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Fourth Stage Fourth Stage

Built around IC1-d,is step up as monostable flip-flop

Converts any signal that gets through the filter into a pulse

substantial enough to turn on transistor Q1 When Q1 conducts,LED1 turns on and an output signal is provide to

drive a separate relay or any other device connected to the circuit


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PIR This motion detector circuit will both detect motion and indicate

direction that an infrared emitting body is moving.

Potentiometer R10 is a sensitivity adjustment to vary the detection

range

The first single shot to receive a trigger input from IC1C or IC1D will

turn its output on to indicate the direction of detection and will also

inhibit the other single shot

Potentiometer R15 adjusts the amount of time that an output reminds

on after motion is detected


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ADVANTAGES Sensors afford certain inherent advantages over other competing

detection methods.

High sensitivity

Low Cost Stable against electromagnetic inteferrence


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DISADVANTAGES PIRs do not detect motion,but relatively rapid changes in the overall

amount of infrared light in a scene.

PIR sensors fail to detect intruder movement that is primarily towards

or away from the sensor, rather than across its field of view.

PIR sensors can fail to detect intruder movement that is slow.


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APPLICATIONS Car Alarm System Use Microwave Sensors

-This device will detect movement inside the vehicle by means of

transmitting a very low power microwave signal.

- The signal being emitted will be balloon shapes and horizontal indirection which makes this device suitable for all types of vehicles

especially convertibles.

Infrared Motion Detector Alarm

-Motion detector alarm uses a passive infrared technology to

protect a room from intruders.-Producing an infrared 80 degree angle of coverage, the motion

alarm creates an unseen barrier that's impossible to penetrate

at up to 30' away without setting off the 80 db alarm siren.


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CONCLUSION In the appliance of automatic door sensor,it use two types of sensor

which are motion detector and presence detector.

Inside motion detector there are three types of detectors which are

passive infrared sensor,motion sensor and microwave sensor.

All the types of sensor has different characteristic in the application

for automatic door sensor.


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Reference Page 2,3,4,5 www.mssedco.com/door.html Page 7,8,9,12

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detector#searchInput#searchInput

Page 10http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.html

Page13,17http://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.html#66099#66099

Page 11,15,16

http://www.espionageinfo.com/Lo-Mo/Motion-Sensors.html
http://www.mssedco.com/door.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://www.mssedco.com/door.html

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