autocad and computer introduction for beginers

Chair of Computer Aided Design and Geo-Informatics

COTM2043 - Year Group II - Semester I

Lecture on: Introduction to computers, Microsoft Excel and AutoCAD

December 18, 2012

Objective of the course:

Course Objectives/Course Contents: >Introduction to computer hardware, software, operating systems and application software. Advanced Data Analysis with Ms-Excel: using built-in functions and user-defined formulae, creating and using databases, Solver options, creating professional looking charts. Introduction to graphics software.

>The AutoCAD window elements; Using coordinate entry methods; Controlling Views: the zoomcommands, pan; Drawing Objects: the line family, polygons, arc, circle etc; Drawing Aids: the Ortho command, Object snap and tracking, grids; Editing Objects: selection methods, modifying tools; Layers: Controlling layers: Locking unlocking, On /Off, Freeze; Modifying: Changing and matching object Properties; Hatching, Dimensioning, Adding texts to drawings; Plotting: Units and scales, selecting paper sizes, plotting;

(beginning

class 1)

Introduction to computers

Introduction to computers(beginning

of class I)

History of computers: •Nearly 5,000 years ago the abacus emerged in Asia Minor. Ancient Counting Machines. The Abacus (base 5) (in ancient Babylon, China, Europe)•The Roman Numerals I II III IV V VIVII VIII IX X•The Arabic Numerals (base 10) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9What is computer ?


History of computers: •The Pascaline is a mechanical calculating device invented by the French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642.•The Leibniz Wheel was invented by the famous mathematician Leibniz in 1673.•Punched Cards were used by the French weaver Joseph Jacquard in 1810. The cards carried weaving instructions for the looms, later this idea offered a great use for storing info.What is computer ?

> is a devise that performs tasks that are ordered through set of instructions called program

Pascaline


History of computers: •The real beginnings of computers began with an English mathematics professor, Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage designed a “Difference Engine” in 1820 with a massive calculator designed to print astronomical tables•This device had mechanical problems similar to those that plagued Pascal and Leibniz. What is computer ?> Is a devise that performs tasks that are ordered through set of instructions called program

Uses of computers (how do computers affect human lives?):

Difference Engine


History of computers:

•Initially discovered by Thomas Edison, the vacuum tube formed the building block for the entire electronics industry. 1983•Vacuum tubes were later used as electron valves in the 20th century to build the first electronic computers. (1983)What is computer ?

> A computer is an electronic machine that accepts information (Data), processes it according to specific instructions, and provides the results as new information.

Uses of computers (how do computers affect human lives?):

People use computers almost in every walks of their lives:>management>production>medical practices>communication/ network >entertainment >education, etc.


History of computers: •The US census of the 1880 took 9 years to compile and led to inaccurate figures. To solve the problem, Herman Hollerith invented a calculating machine that used electricity•along with punched cards instead of mechanical gears. •Hollerith’s machine was immensely successful. The general count of the population, then 63 million, took only 6 weeks to calculate!•Based on the success of his invention, Herman Hollerith and some friends formed a company that sold his invention all over the world. The company eventually became known as: International Business Machines IBM. (1888)



•A partial working model of Babbage’s Analytical Engine was completed in 1910 by his son… used punched cards to store numbers. The design was no more successful than its predecessors. 1910•Over the last three years, people realized that they didn’t need big computers: a device as small as a mobile phone could do the job effectively.

What is computer ?Uses of computers:

How do computers work ?Hardware: CPU, input devices, out put devices, busesSoftware: programs that run the computer(system software and application software)

Input >processing > out put> storageInput devices: keyboard, mouse, light pen, scanner, remote source Do you know any other input devices?



•MARK I was built by a team from IBM and Harvard University. Mark I used mechanical telephone switches to store information. It accepted data on punched cards, processed it and then output the new data. (1943)

What is computer ?Uses of computers: How do computers work ?

Input >processing > out put> storageProcessing: central processing unit (CPU)/ micro-processor


History of computers: •The ENIAC was the first US-built all-electronic computer built to perform ballistics calculations. (Away from IBM)(1943)•It was 1000X faster than Mark I, but it drew a lot of power that dimmed the lights of Philadelphia when it was switched on due to the use of Vacuum Tubes.• Mark I: 5 Additions / sec.•ENIAC: 5,000 Additions / sec.•ENIAC was made of 18,000 vacuum tubes. (1946)


Input >processing > output> storageOut put devices: monitor, speaker, printers(2d and 3d), lesser cutter Do you know any other output devices?


History of computers: •World war II…•the German Navy developed a cipher machine named Enigma. The Enigma machine could automatically encode a message in such a way that only another Enigma machine could read decode it.•In 1938 the Polish Secret Service managed to steal an Enigma machine that was smuggled to England. (1938)


Input >processing > out put> storageStorage devices: hard drive, internet storage, removable drives, rom Do you know any other storage devices?


History of computers: •Secretly the British developed a computer named Colossus that could decipher as many as 2,000 messages per day. That computer used Vacuum tubes and was the world’s first entirely digital computer. Surprisingly, though Colossus presented a similar technology to that of ENIAC, it had only 2,400 compared to 18,000 in ENIAC. (1938)•In1990, Microsoft introduced Windows 3.0.•In 1992, Microsoft introduces Windows for Workgroup. •In 1993, Microsoft unveils Windows NT. •In 1995, Intel introduced the Pentium Pro chip •From 1995 to 2006, the world saw the rise of the Internet era.•Between 1996 and 2006 software (and data) moved away from people’s computers, and ended up in the “cloud”

What is computer ?Uses of computers: How do computers work ?Types of computers:>Analog

• An analog computer does not store information digitally.• Values are stored as voltage levels.• Analog computers are particularly useful solving nonlinear simultaneous differential equations.• An electric circuit can be defined by an equation. An analog computer is programmed by creating a circuit that follows a desired equation.


History of computers: (invention of Transistor and Integrated circuit) The Transistor•The most significant single invention of the modern era. It was invented by three scientists at At&T’s Bell Labs.•One of the first overseas companies was a Japanese company called Tokyo Telecommunications Laboratory. The company had troubles paying the license fee ($25,000), that company became in 1956 what’s called now Sony, it replaced the Vacuum tube. •Transistors are smaller (sometimes microscopic)•Fast and don’t need to warm up (1946)What is computer ?Uses of computers: How do computers work ?Types of computers:>Analog>Digital Computers Almost all computers to day are digitalDigital computers are computers are……Types of digital computers: Mainframes, Personal computers, Tablet PCs, Media Centers, Personal digital assistants(PDAs)Do you know any other digital computers? >Hybrid computers These are machines that can work as both analog and digital computers



What is computer ?Uses of computers: How do computers work ?Types of computers:>Analog>Digital Computers>Hybrid computers

Main Frame Personal Computer Tablet PCs PDAs


History of computers: The (IC) Integrated Circuit•The IC revolutionized the entire electronic technology. Ex: The Pentium Processor contains 3.1 Million Transistors in 1.5 inch square (1961)

Introduction to computers(end of

class I)


Prepare a five to ten page pages research on excel software?

>History>use>technology

Submit your material on next week class

Excel (beginning of class II)

Start > All Programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Excel

Excel

History of Excel:

Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications

Excel created business for different people : >as excel is easy to use, run simulations , Etc. people were empowered to start business .

Excel

History of Excel:

Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications Excel created business for different people : Excel collaboration and social net work :>group of people on different part of the planet can work on a single spreadsheet. .

Excel

Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications Excel created business for different people : Excel collaboration and social net work :Excel as part of a package: >currently excel is presented to the market by Microsoft both individually and as part of a package called Microsoft office .

History of Excel: •Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982, which was very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3•This promoted development of a new spreadsheet called Excel which started with the intention to 'do everything 1-2-3 does and do it better'.

Excel

History of Excel: •Multiplan was an early spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft. Known initially by the code name "EP" (for "Electronic Paper"), it was introduced in 1982 as a competitor for VisiCalc.•Multiplan was released first for computers running CP/M; it was developed using a Microsoft proprietary p-code C compiler as part of a portability strategy that facilitated ports to system.•Despite the release of Microsoft Chart, graphics companion software, Multiplan continued to be outsold by Lotus 1-2-3. It was replaced by Microsoft Excel which followed some years later on both the Apple Macintosh (1985) and Microsoft Windows (1987).Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools,

pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications Excel created business for different people : Excel collaboration and social net work :Excel as a part of a package :Excel is used to:>make spreadsheets, tables, lists and charts >manage financial information >perform mathematical calculations >track data base information

Excel

History of Excel: •The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987. •Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by 1988 Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve the position of leading PC software developer.•This accomplishment, dethroning the king of the software world, solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of developing graphical software.

Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications Excel created business for different people : Excel collaboration and social net work :Excel as a part of a package :Excel is used to:>discuss and compare spreadsheets, tables, lists and charts

Excel

History of Excel: •The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987. •Microsoft Excel is a non-Microsoft Excel is a non-free commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has almost completely replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office. The current versions are 2010 for Microsoft Windows and 2011 for Mac OS X free commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.

Microsoft Excel is an application software that features: calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications Excel created business for different people : Excel collaboration and social net work :Excel as a part of a package :Excel is used to:Excel: the big picture Excel Interface Discuss the fallowing parts of the excel interface>work book (column headings, row headings, cell), work sheet, formula bar, the name box, ribbon, menu bar, slide bar, sheet tab

Excel

History of Excel: •It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has almost completely replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office.

Ribbon

Cell

Name Box Formula Bar Column Letter

Office Button Office Button

Sheet Tab

Row Number Scroll Bars

Excel

History of Excel: •The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987. •Microsoft pushed its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > opening a file >file>open>name of file or folder

>open>

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 1.0, 1.5, 2.x•Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets (fonts, character attributes and cell appearance). It also introduced intelligent cell recompilation, where only cells dependent on the cell being modified are updated (previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command). Excel has extensive graphing capabilities, and enables users to perform mail merge.•From its first version on Excel supported end user programming of macros (automation of repetitive tasks) and user defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In early versions of Excel these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.)

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > saving a file >file>save>name of file or folder

>save/save as >

>default location of saving is ‘documents’

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 5.0•With version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA is a powerful addition to the application and includes a fully featured integrated development environment (IDE). Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, thus allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the creation of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The language supports use (but not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's; later versions add support for class modules allowing the use of basic object-oriented programming techniques.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ home tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 5.0•The automation functionality provided by VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / home tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/home tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 95•Internal rewrite to 32 bits. Almost no external changes, but faster and more stable.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ insert tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 97•Major upgrade. Introduced the paper clip office assistant. Standard VBA used instead of internal Excel Basic. Includes now removed Natural Language labels.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / insert tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/insert tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2000•Minor upgrade. Clipboard can hold multiple objects at once. The Office Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became less intrusive.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ page layout tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Excel XP•Released about 2001. Very minor enhancements.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / page layout tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/layout tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2003Minor enhancements, most significant being the new Tables.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ formulas tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2007•This release was a major upgrade from the previous version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon menu system. This is different from what users are used to, but the number of mouse-clicks needed to reach a given functionality is generally less (e.g., removing gridlines only required two mouse-clicks instead of five). However, most business users agree that the replacement of the straightforward menu system with the more convoluted ribbon dramatically reduces productivity. •Also like other office products, the Office Open XML file formats were introduced, including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without macros.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / formulas tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/formulas tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2007•Specifically, many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the number of rows was now 1,048,576 (220) and columns was 16,384 (214; the far-right column is XFD). This changes what is a valid A1 reference versus a named range. Other features included an improved management of named variables through the Name Manager, and much improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which now allow (x, y) coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight. Several improvements to pivot tables were introduced. This version made more extensive use of multiple cores for the calculation of spreadsheets; however, VBA macros are not handled in parallel and XLL add‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-safe and this was indicated at registration

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ data tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2010•Minor enhancements

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / data tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/data tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Excel 2013•To be released late 2012. Minor enhancements. As with all of Microsoft Office, smoothness of the user interface in selecting, typing, and the display of graphics is a refinement in appearance of Excel 2013.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon/ review tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Microsoft Windows•1987 Excel 2.0 for Windows, 1990 Excel 3.0, 1992 Excel 4.0, 1993 Excel 5.0 (Office 4.2 & 4.3, also a 32-bit version for Windows NT only on the x86, PowerPC, Alpha, and MIPS architectures) This version of Excel includes a DOOM-like game as an Easter Egg. •1995 Excel for Windows 95 (version 7.0) included in Office 95, 1997 Excel 97 (version 8.0) included in Office 97 (for x86 and Alpha). This version of Excel includes a flight simulator as an Easter Egg.

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / review tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/review tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: Microsoft Windows•1999 Excel 2000 (version 9.0) included in Office 2000 ,2001 Excel 2002 (version 10) included in Office XP, 2003 Office Excel 2003 (version 11) included in Office 2003 , 2007 Office Excel 2007 (version 12) included in Office 2007 , 2010 Excel 2010 (version 14) included in Office 2010 •Note: No MS-DOS version of Excel 1.0 for Windows ever existed: the Windows version originated at the time the Mac version was up to 2.0. •Note: There is no Excel 6.0, because the Windows 95 version was launched with Word 7. All the Office 95 & Office 4.X products have OLE 2 capacity — moving data automatically from various programs — and Excel 7 would show that it was contemporary with Word 7. Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon

>ribbon/ view tab left

Excel

History of Excel: Apple Macintosh•1985 Excel 1.0, 1988 Excel 1.5, 1989 Excel 2.2, 1990 Excel 3.0, 1992 Excel 4.0, 1993 Excel 5.0 (part of Office 4.X—Motorola 68000 version and first PowerPC version) ,1998 Excel 8.0 (part of Office 98), 2000 Excel 9.0 (part of Office 2001), 2001 Excel 10.0 (part of Office v. X), 2004 Excel 11.0 (part of Office 2004), 2008 Excel 12.0 (part of Office 2008), 2011 Excel 14.0 (part of Office 2011)

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the ribbon>ribbon / view tab right

>open a template spread sheet and study the ribbon/view tab with your teacher

Excel

History of Excel: OS/2•1989 Excel 2.2, 1990 Excel 2.3, 1991 Excel 3.0

Excel: the big picture Excel Interface > the sheet tab >excel file can contain several sheets and we can switch between these sheets by making use of the sheet tab

Right click here to rename, insert new sheet, delete, color tab etc. Right click here to rename, insert new sheet, delete, color tab etc.

Sheet scroll tabs Sheet scroll tabs

Excel

History of Excel: •The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987. •Microsoft pushed its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so.

Excel: working with excel Selection:Do the following activities (since you have an excel introduction background in high school, this would help you to revise how selections are done in excel work book) >a selected cell or range of cells appear shaded >select cell A1 and type the letter ‘A’ See the change in the name book and formula bar. The button on the formula bar becomes active (selection of a single cell)>click the column letter ‘A’Discuss the change (selection of an entire column) >click the row number ‘1’Discuss the change (selection of an entire row) >click cell A1 and while pressing shift click on cell B3Discuss the change (selection of cell range)

Excel

Facts Excel:•Excel automatically changes all the digests that come after the fiftieth digit in to zeros if one inserts a number that has digits bigger that fifteen digits•To avoid the above occurrence one needs to format the cell one is using. To do so: Right click on the cell>activate number tag>select text

Excel: working with excel Selection: (cont’d) >click the select all button at top left corner of the work book. That is at the top of row heading 1 or to the left of column heading A. (selection of all cells)Discuss the change.Other ways of Selection: >Home> Find and select> (go to or find special or ...)Do you know other selection methods? discuss them:

Excel

Facts Excel:•Excel by default aligns text entries on left side of a cell •Excel default aligns number entries on the right side of a cell•All formulas and functions in excel begin with ‘=‘ sign

Excel: working with excel Selection: Other ways of Selection:Entering Data:>type text and number data directly to the cells. Enter data by making use of the formula bar ( click on a cell and type enter a data in to the formula bar) >enter data by making use of the auto complete and auto fill (discuss)

Excel

Excel exercises:

Exercise 1. Using Excel’s AND, OR, and NOT Functions :A. Write an AND formula to determine if A2>A3 and A2<A4 is a true or false statement.B. Write an OR formula to determine if A2>A3 or A2<A4 is a true or false statement.C. Write a formula that expresses that A2+A3=24 is a false statement Excel: working with excel Selection: Other ways of Selection:Entering Data:Editing Data :(discuss)(delete, move, copy, redo, undo, find and replace,etc.)

Create a work book by making use of templates: (one can get templates from storage on ones computer or from the Microsoft web site)>File>New>Templates Create a work book from scratch:>File>New>blank workbook (CRL >N)

Excel

Excel exercises:

Excel: working with excel Selection: Other ways of Selection:Entering Data:Editing Data :

Create a work book by making use of templates: Create a work book from scratch:Special data in excel? Dates: (discuss) >data entered for dates in excel are interpreted in a different way that normal numbers: enter ‘12-13’ in a cell will displayed as ‘13-dec’ in formula bar will be displayed ‘12/13/2012’ Do you know any other special data? (discuss)

Excel exercise:Exercise 2. Using Excel’s IF Function

A. Write an IF statement so that if the number in Cell A2 is less than 100 the formula displays the text “Within budget”, otherwise the formula displays the text “Over budget”. B. Write an IF statement so that if the number in Cell A2 is 100 then the formula sumsthe range B5:B15. Otherwise, the formula returns a blank (empty text).

Excel

Excel exercise:Exercise 3. Exercise 3. More Practice with IF Functions

A. Write an IF statement to assign a letter grade to the score in Cell A2.B. Write an IF statement to assign a letter grade to the score in Cell A3.C. Write an IF statement to assign a letter grade to the score in Cell A4

Excel: working with excel

Exercise: Open a new Excel worksheet and prepare a table that has columns showing items, rate, quantity, price for the following information ( make the table more visually interesting by making use of different techniques):

A restaurant purchaser bought 5kg Cabbage, 25kg Potato, 9kg Carrot, 15kg Tomato , 45kg Meat, 5kg Garlic, 10kg Butter and 2kg Ham, with a market price 10 birr, 5 birr,18 birr,15 birr,90 birr,60 birr,145 birr and 250 birr respectively

Conditional formatting, cell styles

Excel

Excel exercise:Exercise 4. IF Function Practice (from the Proficiency Exercises)Olive oil can be purchased according to this price schedule:Write IF statements to calculate the cost of the quantities of olive oil listed in Cells A5,A6, and A7 .A.Write a formula to find the cost of 483 gallons. B. Write a formula to find the cost of 500 gallons. C.Write a formula to find the cost of 1,600 gallons

Excel: working with excel Exercise: does your table look like this?

Conditional formatting, cell styles

Excel (end of class II)

Excel: working with excel Exercise: home reading

>formulas and functions >charts, graphs

Excel exercise:Exercise 5. Building & Using a Nested IF StatementWe’ve modified the olive oil price schedule to give an additional price break forquantities over 1,000 gallons. The new pricing schedule is Write a formula to find the cost of 483 gallons. Write two formulas using nested IF statements to calculate the cost of the quantities ofolive oil listed in Cell A6 (483 gallons) and Cell A7 (2,001 gallons)

Excel (beginning of class III)

Excel exercise:Answer for the exercises:exercise1: A. =AND(A2>A3, A2<A4) B. =OR(A2>A3, A2<A4) C. =NOT(A2+A3=24

Excel: working with excel Formulas and functions: >+ add, - subtract * multiply, / divide, < less than, > greater that, etc.>Formulas V function ( = A1+A2+A3+A4 V =sum(A1:A4) )>revise what you have discussed while studying the ribbon under the tab formulas >using functions is more efficient that using formulas in case of calculating data in a very large sheet >insert function tool helps to implement functions and formulas very easily.>formulas tab>inset function tool> . . . Using the insert function tool:

Excel

Excel exercise:Answer for the exercises:exercise2: A. =IF(A2<=100,"Within budget", "Over budget") B. =IF(A2=100,SUM(B5:B15),"")

Excel: working with excel Using the insert function tool: Relative references:>when copying a formula from one cell to the other excel uses the former cell to come up with references for the new cell Absolute references:>when copying a function from one cell to the other excel retains the former cell reference

Excel

Excel exercise:Answer for the exercises:Exercise3: A. =IF(A2>89,"A",IF(A2>79,"B", IF(A2>69,"C",IF(A2>59,"D","F")))) B. =IF(A3>89,"A",IF(A3>79,"B", IF(A3>69,"C",IF(A3>59,"D","F")))) C. =IF(A4>89,"A",IF(A4>79,"B", IF(A4>69,"C",IF(A4>59,"D","F")))) Excel: working with excel Exercise:

>Use the excel sheet you prepared for the last exercise: •Calculate the total sum of money spent for the whole purchase. •What is the average value of the rate price? •How many items cost bellow average, use formula? •Level items that cost below 350birr cheap and above 350 birr expensive, use formula. •Sort the items by quantity bought. •Rank the items, in their total price ascending manner.

Excel

Excel:Answer for the exercises:Exercise4: A. =IF(A5<=500,B1* A5, 500*B1+(A5-500)*B2)B. B. =IF(A6<=500,B1* A6, 500*B1+(A6-500)*B2) C. =IF(A7<=500,B1* A7, 500*B1+(A7-500)*B2) Excel: working with excel

Charts:Graphs:>Revise charts and graphs and prepare different kinds of charts and graphs for the last exercise >select the sheet> insert tab> select any style of chart is appropriate

Bar chart

Excel

Excel: Answer for the exercises:Exercise5: A.=IF(A6<=500,A6*$B$1,IF(A6<=1000,(500*$B$1)+(A6500)*$B$2,(500*$B$1)+(500*$B$2)+(A6-1000)*$B$3)) B. =IF(A7<=500,A7*$B$1,IF(A7<=1000,(500*$B$1)+(A7-500)*$B$2,(500*$B$1)+(500*$B$2)+(A7-1000)*$B$3))

Excel: working with excel Charts:Graphs:>Revise charts and graphs and prepare different kinds of charts and graphs for the last exercise >select the sheet> insert tab> select any style of chart is appropriate

Pie chart

Excel

Excel:

Excel: working with excel Charts:Graphs:>Revise charts and graphs and prepare different kinds of charts and graphs for the last exercise >select the sheet> insert tab> select any style of chart is appropriate

Graph chart

Excel

Excel:

Excel: working with excel Printing from excel:>to practice printing from excel open a sample book (sales report 1) from you computer >file>new>sample templates>sales report 1

Excel

Excel:

Excel: working with excel Printing from excel:>to practice printing open a sample book from you computer >file>new>sample templates>sales report 1 >the sample book you opened has four sheets. Look at the sheet tab and practice switching between the sheets >try to print the book to pdf. Follow the following instruction >file>print>change the printer to nitro pdf creator > change the setting to print the entire work sheet >order the print>when a window pops up select an appropriate place to save your pdf print out and a name for the file.

Excel(end of class III)

Excel:

Prepare a five to ten page pages research on AutoCAD software?

>History>use>technology

Submit your material next week

You will be revising excel when you are studying relation ship between AutoCAD and Excel

Start > All Programs > Autodesk > Auto Cad

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)-AutoCAD in drafting and annotation setting

History of AutoCAD• 25 years ago, nearly every drawing produced in the world was done with pencil or ink on paper. CAD has fundamentally changed the way design is done.

Information center

View cube

Navigation bar

Model and layout tabs Command line

Annotation tools

Ribbon/Panel

Application button

Snap tools

Menu bar

Application bar

AutoCAD(beginning of class IV)

Slide bar

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)-AutoCAD classic setting (from the work space control you can shift between the different AutoCAD settings)

History of AutoCAD:•First Drafting systems started in 1957 by General Motors and 1960 by McDonnell Douglas Automation Company• Autodesk started their first CAD system AutoCAD in 1982 Autodesk started their first CAD system – AutoCAD in 1982 •

View cube

Tool bar

Model and layout tabs Command line

Annotation tools

Priorities panel Application button

Snap tools

Menu bar

Application bar

AutoCAD

Tool bar Tool pallets

Information center

Slide bar

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)Classic menu bar :> Most of the tabs on this bar are common to most software you already know. Exercise on them and discuss.

Facts AutoCAD:• In early days AutoCAD was used as a drafting tool In early days AutoCAD was used as a drafting tool• Through the years and many releases it become a design tool •design tool‘Icon’ based environment - icons grouped in toolbars

Information center:> Should you need any information about your AutoCAD software either from your directory or from the internet , information center is the right place to seek for it.

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)The ribbon:> The ribbon is displayed automatically when you create or open a file, providing a compact palette of all of the tools necessary to create your file.

Facts AutoCAD:• AutoCAD screen contains two parts: graphical screen and textual (command) line ()•AutoCAD saves files in .DWG format but can import and export different formats (DXF,IGES)and export different formats (DXF, IGES)•Model (2D) is made in a ‘MODEL SPACE’ drawings are generated in ‘DRAWING SPACE’

AutoCAD

>Shift around the tabs of the ribbon and learn the different panels.>under the home tab we have: draw, modify, layers, annotation, block, properties, groups utilities and clip board panels >under the insert tab we have: block, block definition, reference point cloud, import, data, linking and extraction, content panels>under the annotate tab we have: test, dimension, leaders, tables, markup, annotation scaling and drawing view


Facts AutoCAD:There are two main domains within an Autocad,MODEL space and PAPER space. MODEL spaceMODEL space>All drawing or 'modelling' is done in here>It is the main ‘modelling’ area in Autocad

AutoCAD

>Shift around the tabs of the ribbon and learn the different panels.>under the parametric tab we have: geometric, dimensional and manage>under the view tab we have: navigate 2d, views, visual style, view port, pallets and windows>under the manage tab we have: action recorder, customization, applications, cad standards>under the out put tab manage we have: Plot, export to DWF/PDF, Auto desk seek

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Facts AutoCAD: PAPER space> It is an area used to plot (print) the drawing created in the model space >It is actually a blank sheet in which a real object drawn in model space can be represented as a printable drawing . Model space 1:1; Paper space ,any standard scale

AutoCAD

>Shift around the tabs of the ribbon and learn the different panels.>under the plug-ins tab we have: explore and edit in fusion panels >under the on line tab we have: up load, content and share panels>under the express tools tab we have: blocks, text, modify, layout, draw, dimension, tools and web panels

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)Quick access tool bar:>Display frequently used tools with the Quick Access toolbar.>The Quick Access toolbar displays options to undo and redo changes to your file. To undo or redo a less recent change, click the drop-down button to the right of the Undo and Redo buttons.

Facts AutoCAD: layersA layer can be thought of as a large piece of clear plastic on which a part or whole drawing is made Layers are controlled by the layer properties manager button located on the object properties toolbar

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : the big picture (Inter face)Application status bar:> The application status bar displays the coordinate values of your cursor, drawing tools, navigation tools, and tools for Quick View and annotation scaling. You can view the drawing tool buttons as icons or text. You also can easily change the settings of snap, polar, osnap, and otrack from the shortcut menus of these drawing tools

AutoCAD

Facts AutoCAD: Tool BarGives us the ability to customize our interface according to our needsIt is the collection of icons where each of the icons represent a specific AutoCAD command

AutoCAD : InterfaceKnow your way arrowed AutoCAD :>Hide and redisplay the command line by doing one of the following: 1>Click Tools menu Command Line. 2>Press Ctrl+9>right click on the ribbon>from the drop down list use show tabs and panels to turn on and off components of the interface (this is only one of the several ways you can do so) >in AutoCAD classic setting By default, the command window is docked. The docked command window is the same width as the AutoCAD window. If text that is entered becomes longer than the width of the command line, the window pops up in front of the command line to show the full text of the line. Undock, or float, the command window by dragging it away from the docking region. The docking region is an edge of the AutoCAD application window that allows you to dock a toolbar, palette, or the command window. You can move the floating command window anywhere on the screen and resize its width and height with the pointing device. Dock a floating command window again by dragging it to the docking region of the AutoCAD window.AutoCAD

Facts AutoCAD: Tool Bar cont’d Gives us convenient access to the commands we use mostToolbars can be moved where ever the user wants it to be, so that to assist us in drawingsToolbars can be turned on or off

AutoCAD : Inter faceCustomize interface :Provides an interface for customizing workspaces, toolbars, menus, ribbon panels, shortcut menus, and other user interface elements. *When the Customize User Interface Editor is displayed using the Customize Commands option from the Tool Palettes window or the Customize option from the Quick Access toolbar or a toolbar, the Customizations In pane is collapsed and the Command List pane is expanded.

AutoCAD

Facts AutoCAD: Command Line:In command line everything must be entered through the keyboardAfter launching a command through any means command line will prompt you what next step should be taken to complete the command

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : Inter faceCustomize interface :>Displays a tree structure of user interface elements that can be customized, such as workspaces, toolbars, menus, ribbon panels, partial CUIx files, and so on.>To open the customize user interface:Go to the ribbon under the manage tab>go to the customize panel>click on user interface>List box Displays a list of CUIx files that are loaded and an Open option. >Available Customizations In toolbar Contains Load Partial Customization File and Save All Current >Customization Files buttons. Load Partial Customization File Loads a CUIx file that you can add to the acad.cuix file. >Save All Current Customization Files Saves changes to all loaded CUIx files. >Tree View Displays the current customization file in a structured view so you can add and modify the user interface elements.

Facts AutoCAD:

Palettes:A dialog box of featuresThey combine the functionality of a dialog box with the flexibility of a toolbar

AutoCAD : InterfaceCustomize interface :Class exercise: practice on changing/customizing some of the components of the interface and discuss

AutoCAD(end of class IV)

Facts AutoCAD: Enter Commands:By clicking Menu itemBy clicking Toolbar iconBy typing in Command line

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD How to open document :>To open a document >application>open >the desired file >use the open document list to view the currently open documents>To create a new document >application>new>select a template from the window that pops

>discuss the open documents and recent documents command

AutoCAD(beginning od class V)

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD >The right click : while we are beginner users of auto cad, right click in the working area is usually our important helper >You can display different shortcut menus when you right-click different areas of the screen. >Shortcut menus typically include options to •Repeat the last command entered •Cancel the current command •Display a list of recent user input •Cut, copy, and paste from the Clipboard •Select a different command option •Display a dialog box, such as Options or Customize •Undo the last command entered •You can customize right-click behavior to be time-sensitive, so that a quick right-click acts the same as pressing Enter, and a longer right-click displays a shortcut menu.

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD >The right click : while we are beginner users of auto cad, right click in the working area is usually our important helper >the key board short cuts: but since we need to become efficient users of the soft ware you are always recommended to study the keyboard shortcuts >as almost all keyboard short cut in AutoCAD are words that start with an initial of the command we want to commit, it is easy to remember the keyboard short cuts. For example if you want to initiate a command for drawing line you type ‘L’ in the command line. >see the list of the keyboard short cut on the next page.

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD >the key board short cuts: since one needs to become efficient users of the soft ware you are always recommended to study the keyboard shortcuts

AutoCAD

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD >now it is time to revise the tabs on the ribbon( if your setting is drafting and annotation) or the tool bars (if your setting is AutoCAD classical). This time you should work on them with exercises >study the view tab (navigate 2d, views, visual style, view port, pallets and windows) it will help to navigate around the working area.

>under the home tab we have: draw, modify, layers, annotation, block, properties, groups utilities and clip board panels Layer: isolate, freeze, turn on and off, name and rename …This tab is very important to create an organized drawing. If a drawing is implemented with out layers, it is very hard to control the drawing while making it and editing it for future use. >create layers >how to name and rename layers appropriately >how to isolate, freeze… layers Practice and discuss

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD

>UCS ( User Coordinate System )This tool will show the orientation of the object on drawing window. The coordinate system in 3D is base on X,Y,Z axis. Simple in words, if you draw in 2D you only need X,Y axis and if you draw in 3D you need X,Y and Z axis. Z is for object depth. UCS is show on the left bottom of drawing windowDRAW: Line, poly line, circle, ellipse, hatch, etc.In order to draw this elements you have to press the buttons that bear their symbols or know how to use the command line and keyboard shortcut. But always you have to read the information on the command line. Most importantly it is good to know that usage of the command line is similar for almost all command we want to commit *study the snap commands on the application bar while you study the draw panel.

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AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD Eg. To draw line:To make the command line ready to use press the esc key on your key board>Type ‘L’ in the command line and press the enter key on your keyboard. >you will be asked to specify the first point.>type x,y ( x can be any number representing the x and y any number representing the y coordinate of the first point respectively). After you typed the x and y value to your convenience, press the enter key on your keyboard. >you will be asked to specify the second point of the line and you enter the x and y value of the point.>or after you specify the first point you can point your curser on the direction you want to draw your line and just type the amount of length you want to draw the line for and press enter. practice on making different hatches properties:solid, pattern, gradient, etc.

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD Hatch scale, hatch boundary, etc.Modify: move, copy, rotate…*the objects you created on the working area by making use of the draw tab or any other can be modified by the commands in the modify tab. Practice and discuss.It is time for exercises: draw a gear or any other drawing provided by the teacher Annotation (panel) :Text, leader, dimension etc.Annotate(tab) : text, dimensions, leaders, tables etc.Under this tab we will get a chance to describe our project by labeling them with texts. Measuring them with dimensions etc. Discuss and practice

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AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCADIt is time to work on an exercise:>By making use of all the information you acquired up until know, implement the small house drawing that you will be provided with and show it to your teacher for evaluation

AutoCAD(end of class V)

>For this exercise it is assumed that you have taken a drafting class. You can intemperate the drawing in to a professional plan drawing.>space A (bed room), B (shower), C (lobby) D ( living dining) and E( verandah).Here you are expected to draw walls, doors, windows, hatches, texts and dimensions properly. ( use layers, line weights, colors etc.)>for next week finalize and bring elevation and section drawings for this small house.

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD Blocks: insert, create, edit …Objects we use in our projects are not always simply lines, circles or rectangles. We also insert blocks that are pre made and saved on our computer or other directories. Blocks are complex objects made of combination of lines, circles, texts, attributes, etc that are blocked to make one object. Sometimes blocks are made out of combinations of other blocks.Properties: color, line weight, line type etc. This information can also be implemented while layers are prepared.This is where we can give our project elements different properties like line type, line weight, color etc. in order to distinguish our project in to a specific standard during presentation.

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.AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCAD>Since now you know your way around AutoCAD . It is time for you to learn how to prepare your own template. And start to prepare lay out for plotting.>you are going to be learning more about professional drafting in the coming semesters. For this class we are only going to introduce how to prepare custom templates.A drafting project:•A drawing contains different texts for different purposes, such as title, room name, floor finish, etc. all this texts are going to have different text size.•Texts and dimensions in different scaled drawings have different size.•other properties like line weight, hatch thickness (scale), etc. have different values for different scales.>a drafting project needs to be controlled and organized other wise one will face a very devastating conscience >Preparation of a template is one way of controlling your work. The idea is to prepare a file that will guide your work flow or principle in order to prevent the problems mentioned above.

AutoCAD ( beginning of class VI)

AutoCAD : working with AutoCADCustom template :>these are the different steps require to prepare a custom template:>file>new>(from the pop up window)acad>format(from the menu bar)>units(from the drop down list)>the window on the right side is the resulting pop up:>change the precision to a decimal point that is appropriate for you. And change the unit of measurement to your convenience and click ok.>view(menu bar)> display(dropdown list)> UCS Icon >at this point the UCS Icon will be turned off from the model space. We did this in order to limit or model space to our requirement >type limits>type x1,y1 (left side corner)> and x2,y2 for the right side corner (this step will let you limit your working space to your convenience)

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCADCustom template (cont’d)> Go to lay out>Right click on layout>modify> page set up manager>change values for plotter, paper size, make the scale 1:1, adjust your paper orientation>ok>close>go back to model space> layer properties(from the ribbon home tab)>here create all the layers you need for your drawing that and adjust all the properties of the layers to your convenience>close>type ‘st’ ( for test style)>on the resulting pop up window adjust the text size and font> apply>go to status bar and select all the snaps that you believe are appropriate for your project> go back to lay out and draw your title block> type ‘vports’>from the pop up window that appears select the type of view port you want>ok> place the port you selected on title block you prepared>practice activating and deactivating your ports by double clicking inside and outside your port….

AutoCAD

AutoCAD : working with AutoCADCustom template (cont’d)>You can go back and make some final changes that you want to add to the template you are preparing>file>save as>select the directory you prefer>save it with .dwt extension. The template file you just saved will always be there for you to use and will guide your work process.>for your final project use your template.

Plotting

Prepare a title block in your lay out. File > print> select the appropriate parameters>ok

Practice and Discuss

AutoCAD (end of class VI)

autocad and computer introduction for beginers

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