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Electromagnetic Field Measurements

Authority for Electricity Regulation, Oman

Electric and Magnetic Field Measurements- summer

measurements

September 2009


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Sultan Qaboos University

College of Engineering Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS

A Consultancy Project For the

September 2009

Authority for Electricity Regulation: Eng. Ibrahim Al-Harthi ([email protected]) : Eng. Hilal Al Ghaithi ([email protected]) SQU Team: Principal Investigator: Dr. Abdullah Al-Badi [email protected] Co-Investigator: Dr. Amer Al-Hinai and Engr. Salem Al-Hinai

[email protected] and [email protected]

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University P.O. 33, Al-Khod, Muscat-123 Sultanate of Oman Tel: +968-24141324 GSM: +968-99217654 Fax: +968-24413454


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Table of Contents

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2. STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................ 7 3. Results of The Measurements ................................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Location 1 – Customer 1 .................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Location 2 – Customer 2 ................................................................................................................ 10 3.3 Location 3 – Customer 3 ................................................................................................................ 12 3.4 Location 4 – Bid- Bid ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Location 5 – Fanja .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.6 Location 6 – Al Farfarh ................................................................................................................... 21 3.7 Location 7 – Royal Camp Suwiaq ................................................................................................. 22 3.8 Location 8 – Royal Camp Sohar ................................................................................................... 24 3.9 Location 9 – Royal Camp Buryami ................................................................................................ 26 3.10 Location 10 – LDC-SQU (Mawalleh) ............................................................................................. 28 3.11 Location 11 – (M-Grid) Al Khoud ................................................................................................... 30 3.12 Location 12– Customer 4 ............................................................................................................... 33 3.13 Location 13– Al Gubrah ................................................................................................................. 35 3.14 Location 14– MSQ grid station ...................................................................................................... 38 3.15 Location 15– MSQ 220 kV ............................................................................................................. 42 3.16 Location 16 – Wadi Adai ................................................................................................................ 43 3.17 Location 17– Al Qurm primary ....................................................................................................... 52 3.18 Location 18– Al Qurm .................................................................................................................... 57 3.19 Location 19– Al Amerate area, near Al Shabiah ......................................................................... 60 3.20 Location 20– Customer 5 .............................................................................................................. 63

4 Results compared to winter measurements and ICNIRP standards ................................................... 66 5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 69 6 References .............................................................................................................................................. 70 Appendix A Measurement Devices ................................................................................................................. 71 Appendix B Calibration Certificates ................................................................................................................. 72


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Authority for Electricity Regulation, Oman commissioned a study for the introduction of electromagnetic field regulation for the Sultanate of Oman. As part of the study, electric and magnetic field measurements at specified locations had been performed by KEMA. The measurements were performed in several high voltage environments which included different types of electricity infrastructure (including overhead lines, underground cables, and substations).

The original measurements performed by KEMA were done during the winter period which is the off peak period for the electricity system in the Sultanate of Oman. In the “KEMA measurements report” it was recommended that the measurements be repeated in the summer peak season when loads are highest.

The Authority commissioned Sultan Qaboos University to repeat the measurements of electric and magnetic fields for the same locations following the same profile. SQU performed the measurements during the period from 10 to 19 August 2009. The measurements were taken around 3 PM (from 2 PM to 5 PM) to capture the peak loads. This report should be read and interpreted in conjunction with the KEMA measurements report. There was an expected increase in the measured values of the magnetic fields when compared to the winter measurement values because of the differences in the current magnitudes. However, since the electric field is related mainly to the voltage of the transmission and distribution lines small differences in the electric field values were found between the two measurement reports.

To facilitate comparison between the two measurements, similar profiles were taken and the locations are presented using the same sequence used in KEMA measurement report.

The reference values chosen for these measurements are the values recommended by the international Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), see Table A. These values are supported by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Table A: ICNIRP Standards ICNIRP levels for 50 Hz Electic field strength (V/m) Magnetic flux density (µT) General public 5000 100 Occupational exposure 10000 500

The measured values for the electric and magnetic field strength were compared to the ICNIRP standards for both General Public Exposure (for locations accessible by Public) and Occupational exposure (operational location where no public access is allowed)

Figures A and B present a summary of the maximum measured values for electric and magnetic fields in Public locations for both winter and summer measurements referenced against the Public exposure limits of ICNIRP


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0

20

40

60

80

100

Ham

oud

Al-J

abri

Ras

hid

Al-B

alus

hi

Ray

a Al

-Kha

rusi

Bid-

Bid

Fanj

a

Al-F

arfa

rh

Roy

al C

am S

uwia

q

Roy

al C

amp

Soha

r

Roy

al C

am B

urya

mi

LDC

-SQ

U (M

awal

leh)

(M-G

rid) A

l-Kho

ud

Shei

ka

Al-G

uhbr

ah

MSQ

grid

sta

tion

MSQ

220

kV

Al-Q

urm

Al-A

mer

at a

rea

Abdu

llah

Al-Z

akw

ani

Stre

ngth

of M

easu

red

Mag

natic

Fie

ld (µ

T)

Locations of Measurements

Maximum magnatic field values vs ICNIRP reference value for Genral Public exposure (100 µT)

Summer Measurements

Winter Measurements

ICNIRP Standard (100 uT

Figure A: summary of the maximum measured values for magnetic fields referenced against General Public exposure limits of the ICNIRP

0

500

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Ham

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arfa

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i

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-SQ

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awal

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(M-G

rid) A

l-Kho

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She

ika

Al-G

uhbr

ah

MS

Q g

rid s

tatio

n

MSQ

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kV

Al-Q

urm

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mer

at a

rea

Abdu

llah

Al-Z

akw

ani

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ngth

of M

easu

red

Elec

tric

Fie

ld S

teng

th (V

/m)


Maximum Electric field values vs ICNIRP reference value for for Genral Public exposure (5000 V/m)

Summer Measurements

Winter Measurements

ICNIRP Standard (10000 V/m)

Figure B: summary of the maximum measured values for electric fields referenced against General Public exposure limits of the ICNIRP


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Figures C and D present a summary of the maximum measured values for electric and magnetic fields in operational location for both winter and summer measurements referenced against the Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP

Figure C: summary of the maximum measured values for magnetic fields referenced against the Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP

Figure D: summary of the maximum measured values for electric fields referenced against the Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP

From the measurement results for magnetic and electric fields taken during summer time, it can be concluded that:

a) the levels of the electric and magnetic fields on general public are lower than the permissible limit recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP);

b) the levels of electric and magnetic fields to which electricity industry employees could be exposed to are below the permissible limits recommended by the ICNIRP.


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1. INTRODUCTION

The Authority for Electricity Regulation, Oman commissioned a study for the introduction of electromagnetic field regulation for the Sultanate of Oman. As part of the study, electric and magnetic field measurements at specified locations had been performed by KEMA. The measurements were performed in several high voltage environments which included different types of electricity infrastructure (including overhead lines, underground cables, and substation) The original measurements performed by KEMA were taken during the winter period which is the off peak period for the electricity system in the Sultanate of Oman. In the “KEMA measurements report” it was recommended that the measurements be repeated in the summer peak season when loads are highest. SQU has conducted several studies on the effect of electromagnetic fields on humans as well as on pipelines [7-10]. SQU has both qualified personnel capable of conducting the required measurements as well as has calibrated standard electromagnetic field measurement equipment. The Authority commissioned Sultan Qaboos University to repeat the measurements of electric and magnetic fields for the same locations as those in the KEMA study. SQU performed the measurements during the period from 10 to 19 August 2009. The measurements were taken around 3 PM (from 2 PM to 5 PM) to capture the peak loads. This report should be read and interpreted in conjunction with the KEMA measurements report

2. STANDARDS

Different existing standards such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [11], Australian [12] and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [13] which specify the maximum permissible exposure values for electomagnetic field for Occupational exposure and exposure to General public. The ICNIRP standards (See Table 1. Reference standards for 50 Hz frequency) were used as reference in the KEMA measurement report.

Table 1: ICNIRP Reference Standards for 50 Hz

Electric field strength (V/m) Magnetic flux density (µT)

General public 5000 100

Occupational exposure 10000 500

3. RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS

Locations of the Measurements Table 2 shows the meaurement locations, the sources of the electromagnetic fields, and the day and time of the measurements.. The locations are presented in the same chronological order as the KEMA measurements report. All measurements were taken at 1 m height above ground level. The specified profiles used by KEMA were followed during the measurement.


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Table 2: Measurement locations and source of electromagnetic field Day Location Sources Date & Time

# Name/description 1 1 Customer 1 11kV, 415V Monday 10th August (3-5)pm

2 Customer 2 11kV cable 3 Customer 3 Substation

2 4 Bid-Bid 132kV Monday 17th August (3-5)pm

5 Fanja 11kV, 415V 6 Al Farfarh 33kV

3 7 Royal Camp Suwiaq 220kV, 132kV, 11kV Saturday 15th August (3-3:45)pm

8 Royal Camp Sohar 220kV Saturday 15th August (4:30-5:15)pm

4 9 Royal Camp Buryami 132kV Sunday 16th August (2-3)pm

5 10 LDC-SQU (Mawalleh) 132kV, 33kV Wednesday 19th August (3-5)pm

11 (M-Grid) Al Khoud 132kV, 33kV, 11kV, 415V, cables

12 Customer 4 11kV, substation 6 13 Al Guhbrah 132kV, 33kV Wednesday 12th August (3-5)pm

14 MSQ grid station Transformers, cables 15 MSQ 220kV 220kV

7 16 Wadi ADI, 220KV grid station

220kV, transformers, cables

Tuesday 18th August (3-5)pm

17 Al Qurm primary 33kV & 11kV, transformers, cables

18 Al Qurm Cables 33kV & 11kV 8 19 Al Amerat area 33 kV Tuesday 11th August (3-5)pm

20 Customer 5 11kV, transformer

3.1 Location 1 – Customer 1

Table 3 shows the current per phase in 11 kV overhead lines before and after the transformer feeder, the

current through 415 V service lines are also presented.

Table 3: Measured Currents

Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral [A]

11 kV-1 212 225 209 -

11 kV- 2 178 188.5 189 -

415 V -1 134.3 196 206 82

415 V- 1 47.5 27.8 45.6 22.6


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Figure 1: Schematic overview of location 1

The profiles for the electric fields were the same as the previous report, where as substantial differences

were obtained in the magnetic field profiles due to the differences in the currents that flow through the

different circuits. The maximum value of measured magnetic field is 2.3 µT. This value was obtained at the

beginning of profile 1 near the fence of the neighbor. The profiles of magnetic fields are presented in the

Figures 2 to 4.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

Figure 2: Profile 1, magnetic field

Profile 1

Profile 2

Profile 3 Profile

3

11kV 415 V

Measurement profile415 V cable

12m

10m

2m

15m 20m


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Table 4 shows the current per phase in 11 kV overhead line and the current through 415 V service lines


Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral [A]

11 kV 225 233 233 -

415V 34.8 16 49.3 31.7


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The profiles for the electric fields were the same as the previous report; the two profiles of magnetic fields are

presented in Figures 6 and 7. The maximum value of the measured magnetic field is 0.125 µT along profile

1 near the house fuse box.

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netic

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Profile 1 Profile 2

11kV cable415 VMeasurement profile

Fuse box

0.5m

2m


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The measurement profiles and the spot measurement for the electric fields are the same as the results

presented in the KEMA report. The maximum value of the magnetic field that was measured is 135 µT. This

value was measured inside the substation (Spot number 4) between the switch box and the transformer. The

maximum measured value of the magnetic field outside the substation was 16.1 µT along profile 2 near the

switch box. The maximum measured value near the fence of the house (along profile 1) is 6 µT. The

magnetic field profiles are shown in Figures 9 to 13.

Profile 2

Pro

file

1

Pro

file

4

Prof

ile 3

Transformer

Switch Box

0.25m

5m

Spot 6

Spot 5

Spot 4 Spot 1

Spot 3

Spot 7 Spot 2



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100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Mag

netic

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ld (u

T)

Spot Number

Figure 13: Spot measurement, magnetic field

3.4 Location 4 – Bid- Bid

The magnetic and electric field profiles are depicted in Figures 15 to 20, it should be noted that the direction

of the profiles during the measurements were taken opposite to what is given in KEMA report. The

maximum values of the measured electric and magnetic fields are 0.6 kV/m and 1.03 µT respectively.

These values were measured directly underneath the 132 kV transmission lines. The measured values for

the electric and magnetic fields near the houses were very small, 0.006 kV/m and 0.05 µT respectively.


Profile

2

Profile

1

Profile

3

20m 20m

132kV

Measurement profile

11kV415V


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0.0

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netic

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Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 4 - p r o f ile 1 + 2 . m b k


0

0.01

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Distance (m)

Electric Field (kV/m)

Figure 16: Profile 1, Electric Field


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netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 4 - p r o f ile 1 + 2 . m b k


0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Distance (m)



0.0

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 4 - p r o f ile 3 . m b k



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0.1

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Distance (m)



Table 5 presents the current for the 132 kV and 11 kV overhead lines.

Table 5: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A] 132kV - profile 1 213 214 132kV - profile 2 213 214 132kV - profile 3 287 287 11kV 95 -

3.5 Location 5 – Fanja

The maximum value of the measured electric field was 0.07 kV/m, under the 11 kV over head lines. The

maximum value of the measured magnetic field was 0.5 µT along profile 2. The profiles of the electric and

magnetic fields are illustrated in Figures 22 to 25.

Profile 2

Prof

ile 1


11kV 415V Measurement profile


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0.0

0.1

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0.4

10 20 30 40 50

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t M a g n e t ic F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s R e s u lt s m a g n e t ic F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 5 . m b k


0

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Distance (m)




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ld (u

T)



0

0.005

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0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0 10 20 30 40

Distance (m)



Table 5 presents the current for the 11 kV and 415 overhead lines.


Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral [A] 11kV 38 38 40 - 415V_line1 226 160 150 45.5

415V_line2 133.2 132.5 168.2 29.4 415V_line3 27.3 13.2 12.4 17.8 415V_line4 81.2 62.8 32.4 31.2


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3.6 Location 6 – Al Farfarh

The maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields are 0.075 kV/m and 1.25 µT respectively. The

profiles of the magnetic and electric fields are presented in Figures 27 and 28 respectively.

Prof

ile 1

33kVMeasurement profile

3m

3m


0.0

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0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 6 . m b k



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Table 7 presents the current for the 33 kV and 415 V overhead lines.


Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral [A] 33kV 121 121 121 - 415 V 95 85 102 25

3.7 Location 7 – Royal Camp Suwiaq

The maximum measured value of the electric field was 3 kV/m and was recorded underneath the 220 kV

overhead line, whereas a value of 2.7 kV/m was measuerd underneath 132 kV overhead line. The value

measured at the reference points 1 and 2 were 0.005 kV/m and 0 kV/m respectively.

The maximum measured value for the magnetic field was 1.75 µT. The measurement at reference points 1

and 2 were 0.01 µT and 0 µT respectively. The profiles of the magnetic and electric fields are presented in

Figures 30 and 31 respectively.

Table 8 presents the current for the different overhead lines.


Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A]220kV 200 200 132kV 155 155 33kV 238 -


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±300m

±600m

His Majesty’s Camp

132kV33kVMeasurement profile

220kV

Reference point 1

Reference point 2


0.0

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‐0.5

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3

3.5

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Distance (m)



3.8 Location 8 – Royal Camp Sohar

The maximum measured value of electric field was 2.7 kV/m and it was recorded underneath the 132kV

overhead line. The values of the electric fields at the two reference points were 0 kV/m.

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field was 4.3 µT. The values for the magnetic fields at the

two reference points were 0.01 µT. The profiles of the magnetic and electric fields are illustrated Figures 33

and 34 respectively.

±1200m

±700m



Reference point 1

Reference point 2

Figure 32: Schematic overview of location


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The following table presents the current for the 220 kV overhead lines.


Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A]220kV 530 530

0

1

2

3

4

5

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)C : \ P r o g r a m F ile s \ E n e r t e c h C o n s u lt a n t s \ E M C A L C 2 0 0 7 \ D a t a \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 8 b . m b k

Figure 33: Profile 1, magnetic field (starts between two towers)



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3.9 Location 9 – Royal Camp Buryami

The maximum measured values of electric fields were 2.8 kV/m and 1.4 kV/m for profiles 2 and 1 respectively. It should be noted that there were other overhead transmission lines run in parallel with 132 kV lines near profile 2. The values of the electric fields at the two reference points were 0 kV/m.

Profile 1



Reference point 1

Reference point 2

±300m

±1100m


Table 10 presents the current for the 132 kV overhead lines.

Table 10: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] 132kV 170 132kV 170 The maximum measured values of the magnetic field were 4.3 µT and 3.8 µT for profiles 1 and 2 respectively. The values for the magnetic fields at the two reference points 1 and 2 were 0.01 µT and 0.02 µT respectively. The profiles of the electric and magnetic fields are presented in the Figures 36 to 39.


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0

1

2

3

4

5

100 200 300 400

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

C : \ P r o g r a m F ile s \ E n e r t e c h C o n s u lt a n t s \ E M C A L C 2 0 0 7 \ D a t a \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 9 - p r o f ile 1 . m b k Figure 36: Profile 1, magnetic field

0

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1.2

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Distance (m)




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0

1

2

3

4

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)C : \ P r o g r a m F ile s \ E n e r t e c h C o n s u lt a n t s \ E M C A L C 2 0 0 7 \ D a t a \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 9 - p r o f ile 2 . m b k


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Distance (m)



3.10 Location 10 – LDC-SQU (Mawalleh)

The maximum value of the electric field was 1.8 kV/m, measured underneath the overhead transmission

line. The value measured at the reference point was 0.006 kV/m.


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School

132kV33kVMeasurement profile

±80m

±20m

20m


The currents are given in the Table 11.


Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A]

132kV - 1 88 88

132kV - 2 472 472

33kV - 1 - -

33kV - 2 - -

33kV - 3 - -

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field is 5.5 µT. The value measured at the reference point

was 0.85 µT. The profiles for the magnetic and electric fields are shown in the Figures 41 and 42

respectively.


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - w e d n e s d a y 1 9 - 2 . m b k


00.20.40.60.81

1.21.41.61.82

0 50 100 150 200 250

Distance (m)



3.11 Location 11 – (M-Grid) Al Khoud

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field was 1.85 µT. The maximum measured value of the

electric field was 0.85 kV/m. This value was measured underneath the 132kV overhead transmission line.

The profiles for the magnetic and electric fields are depicted in Figures 44 and 45 respectively.


31 | P a g e


The currents that passes through the different circuits are given in Tables 12 and 13.

Table 12: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A] 132kV 175 175 33kV - 1 174 - 33kV - 2 100 - 33kV - 3 154 - Cable 1 182 Cable 2 172 Cable 3 123 Cable 4 54 Cable 5 115 Cable 6 115 Cable 7 167


Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral 11kV 128.2 147.2 138.8 - 415V - 1 61.6 36.1 60.4 28.8 415V - 2 23.3 32 27.4 16.7

132kV

415V Measurement profile

11kV 33kV

14m 8m 12m 16m ±30m


32 | P a g e

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - w e d n e s d a y 1 9 - 3 . m b k


00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Distance (m)




33 | P a g e

3.12 Location 12– Customer 4

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field is 5.5 µT along profile 1. This value was measured next

to the substation. The maximum measured value of the magnetic field of profile 2 is 9 µT. This value was

measured close to the transformer.

Pole mounted Transformer

Measurement profile11kV

Substation

2m


The current is given in Table 14.

Table 14: Measured Currents Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] 11kV 20.3 21.9 15.8

The maximum measured value of the electric field is 0.0375 kV/m. This value was measured underneath

11kV overhead line. The electric field along profile 2 was very small.

The profiles for the electric and magnetic fields are illustrated in Figures 47 to 49.


34 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - w e d n e s d a y 1 9 - 1 . m b k


0

0.0050.01

0.015

0.02

0.0250.03

0.035

0.04

0 10 20 30 40

Distance (m)




35 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - w e d n e s d a y 1 9 - 1 . m b k Figure 49: Profile 2, magnetic field

3.13 Location 13– Al Gubrah

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field of profile 1 is 4.5 µT. This value was measured almost

underneath the middle of 132 kV overhead transmission line. At profile 2, the measurement is almost

constant with an average of 0.21 µT, because the profile was taken in parallel with overhead transmission

lines. The maximum value near the building was 0.2 µT.

The maximum measured values of the electric field of profile 1 are 0.94 kV/m, 0.48 kV/m and 0.42 kV/m.

These values were measured underneath the overhead transmission lines. The maximum measured value

of profile 2 is 0.12 kV/m. The maximum value near the building was 0.13 kV/m. The profiles for the electric

and magnetic fields are presented in Figures 51 to 54.

The current per circuit is shown in Table 15.

Table 15: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A]132kV - 1 348.9 352.4 132kV - 2 231 232.6 132kV - 3 227 227 33kV 350 336


36 | P a g e

Profile 1

Pro

file

2

Office

132kV



0

1

2

3

4

5

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 1 3 . m b k Figure 51: Profile 1, magnetic field


37 | P a g e

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Distance (m)



0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

10 20 30 40 50

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



38 | P a g e

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Distance (m)

Electric Field (kV/m

)


3.14 Location 14– MSQ grid station

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field of profile 1 is 0.55 µT. This point was near the

transformers. At profile 2, the maximum measured value is 2 µT. This point was very close to 220kV

overhead transmission line near the fence. The maximum value measured along profile 3 was 0.78 µT.

The maximum measured value of the electric field is 0.4 kV/m. This value was measured underneath the

overhead transmission line along profile 2.

The profiles for the electric and magnetic fields are presented in Figures 56 to 61. The values of the current

that passes through 220 kV circuits at the time of the measurements were presented in Table 16.


39 | P a g e


0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


Profile 1

Profile

2

Profile

3

220kV Substation

Measurement profile220 kV


40 | P a g e

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0.05

0 50 100 150 200

Distance (m)



0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 1 4 . m b k



41 | P a g e

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Distance (m)



0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 1 4 . m b k



42 | P a g e

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Distance (m)



Table 16: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] 220kV - 1 406 220kV - 2 412

3.15 Location 15– MSQ 220 kV

The maximum value of the magnetic field was 0.458 µT and the maximum value of the electric filed was

0.24 kV/m. The profiles for the magnetic and electric fields are presented in Figures 63 and 64 respectively.


220kV Substation



43 | P a g e

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

D : \ t o r u s \ R e s e a r c h - P r o je c t \ E x t e r n a ly - F u n d e d \ M e a s u r e m e n t _ M a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ M e a s u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s \ m e a u r e m e n t s _ R e s u lt s _ m a g n e t ic _ F ie ld \ lo c a t io n - 1 5 . m b k Figure 63: Profile 1, magnetic field

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Distance (m)



3.16 Location 16 – Wadi Adai

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field near the boarders of the grid station was 7.3 µT along

profile 1. The maximum measured value inside the grid station (excluding the control rooms) was 17.25 µT

along profile 5 near transformers. The maximum measured value inside the control room (profiles 7a and

7b) was 7.5 µT along profile 7a, whereas the maximum measured value exceeds 180 µT inside the large


44 | P a g e

control room along profile 8a. This can be explained by the fact that very high current was following through

the busbar inside the large control room. The profiles for the electric and magnetic fields are presented in

Figures 66 to 80. The values of the currents that passes through the different circuits are presented in Tables

17 and 18.

Profile 7a Profile 1

Profile 3

Profile 2

Profile 4

Profile 5

Profile 6

Profile 8a

Profile 7b

Profile 8b

C-Bank

Control room

Control room


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 2 0 . m b k

Cable Measurement profile

132kV OHL

Transformer


45 | P a g e


0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 20 40 60 80 100

Distance (m)



0

1

2

3

4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



46 | P a g e

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Distance (m)



0

1

2

3

4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



47 | P a g e

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Distacne (m)



0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



48 | P a g e

‐0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Distance (m)

Electric Field (k

V/m)


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

10 20 30 40 50

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



49 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 20 30 40 50 60

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Distance (m)




50 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 2 0 . m b k Figure 77: Profile 7a, magnetic field

0

1

2

3

4

5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 2 0 . m b k Figure 78: Profile 7b, magnetic field


51 | P a g e

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0

10

20

30

40

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



52 | P a g e

Table 17: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A] 132kV - 1 860 560 132kV - 2 Rusial 175.4 175.8 132kV - 3 al fliaj 260 248 132kV - 4 Wadi 210 260 132 kV Transformer 2 – bus 1 240 - 132 kV Transformer 2 – bus 2 265 - 11kV - Transformer 1 461 - 11kV - Transformer 2 542 - Table 18: Measured Currents Circuit [A] 33kV cable 1 91 33kV cable 2 160 33kV cable 3 171 33kV cable 4 178 33kV cable 5 90 33kV cable 6 76 33kV cable 7 175 33kV cable 8 60 33kV cable 9 91

3.17 Location 17– Al Qurm primary

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field is 13.5 µT along profile 6. There were no noticeable

electric field present in this area; this can be explained by the fact that the grounded parts shield all the high

voltage components. The profiles for the magnetic field are depicted in Figures 82 to 89. Table 19 presents

the measured currents through different circuits.

Table 19: Measured Currents Current high

voltage side [A] 33kV - 1 87.5 33kV - 2 81.7 11kV - 1 258 11kV - 2 245 11kV – 415V Transformer

1


53 | P a g e

Profile 1

Profile 3

Profile 5

Profile 2

Profile 6

Profile 8

Profile 7

Profile 4Measurement profile

Control building

Transformer

Transformer

Transformer

C-banks


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 20 30 40

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



54 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

10 20 30 40

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)

F : \ m e a u r e m e n t s \ lo c a t io n - 1 6 . m b k Figure 84: Profile3, magnetic field


55 | P a g e

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



56 | P a g e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



57 | P a g e

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


3.18 Location 18– Al Qurm

The maximum value of the magnetic field was 0.12 µT along profile 3. There was no noticeable electric field

found in that area. The profiles for the magnetic field are presented in Figures 91 to 94.


58 | P a g e

Profile 1

Profile 2

Profile 3

Profile 4

Cable

Measurement profile

Substation

13m

5m 5m

5m


0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

10 20 30 40 50

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



59 | P a g e

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

10 20 30 40

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



60 | P a g e

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


3.19 Location 19– Al Amerate area, near Al Shabiah

The maximum value of the magnetic field was 1.2 µT along profile 1b. The profiles for the magnetic fields

are presented in Figures 96 and 97. The measured current values are shown in Table 20.

Table 20: Measured Currents Circuit 1 [A] Circuit 2 [A]

33kV - 1 0 0 33kV - 2 0 0


61 | P a g e

Profile 1aProfile 1b

Measurement profile33kVFuse box

6m

2m


0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



62 | P a g e

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



63 | P a g e

3.20 Location 20– Customer 5

The maximum measured value of the magnetic field is 3.75 µT along profile 4. This value was measured

next to the pole mounted transformer. The profiles for the magnetic fields are illustrated in Figures 99 to

102. The values of the current at the time of the measurements are presented in Table 21.


Profile 1

Profile 2

Profile

3

Profile

4

Pole mounted transformer

17m

Measurement profile

11kV 415V

3m


64 | P a g e

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

10 20 30

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)



65 | P a g e

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


0

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (u

T)

Distance (m)


The following Table gives the current per phase:

Table 21: Measured Currents Blue [A] Yellow [A] Red [A] Neutral [A] 11kV 4 5.6 6.4 - 415V 108.7 78 182.3 88.9


66 | P a g e

4 RESULTS COMPARED TO WINTER MEASUREMENTS AND ICNIRP STANDARDS

The measurements are a replication of the same profiles and locations of the KEMA measurements report that were taken during the winter off-peak season. In order to ensure the completeness of electromagnetic field study results it was decided by the Authority to take electric and magnetic field measurements during the peak period in order to verify the findings based on the winter measurements.

The 2009 system peak for the Main interconnected system in Oman was recorded in June 2009 (3614 MW). The loads dropped but system load remained high during the month of August with daily peaks around (3200 MW) at the peak time around 3 PM every day which is almost 90% of the yearly peak. The measurements in this report (summer measurements) were taken between 2 and 5 PM to try to capture the peak loads. It would be reasonable to assume that the maximum values of the electromagnetic fields will not increase more than 10% of the measured values.

The measured values for the electric and magnetic field strength were compared to the ICNIRP standards for both General Public Exposure (for locations accessible by Public) and Occupational exposure (operational location where no public access is allowed)

Out of the 20 locations where measurements were taken only 2 locations were considered to be operational sites which are locations 16 and 17 (Wadi Adai Grid station and Al Qurum Primary). Also, profile 3 for location 3 was taken inside a distribution substation which is considered to inaccessible to public. For those locations the reference standard would be the occupational exposure which is 10 kV/m and 500 µT.

Figure 83 and 84 present a summary of the maximum measured values for electric and magnetic fields in Public locations for both winter and summer measurements referenced against the Public exposure limits of ICNIRP

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ham

oud

Al-J

abri

Ras

hid

Al-B

alus

hi

Ray

a Al

-Kha

rusi

Bid-

Bid

Fanj

a

Al-F

arfa

rh

Roy

al C

am S

uwia

q

Roy

al C

amp

Soha

r

Roy

al C

am B

urya

mi

LDC

-SQ

U (M

awal

leh)

(M-G

rid) A

l-Kho

ud

Shei

ka

Al-G

uhbr

ah

MSQ

grid

sta

tion

MSQ

220

kV

Al-Q

urm

Al-A

mer

at a

rea

Abdu

llah

Al-Z

akw

ani

Stre

ngth

of M

easu

red

Mag

natic

Fie

ld (µ

T)


Maximum magnatic field values vs ICNIRP reference value for Genral Public exposure (100 µT)

Summer Measurements

Winter Measurements

ICNIRP Standard (100 uT

Figure 103: summary of the maximum measured values for magnetic fields referenced against General Public exposure limits of the ICNIRP


67 | P a g e

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Ham

oud

Al-J

abri

Ras

hid

Al-B

alus

hi

Ray

a A

l-Kha

rusi

Bid-

Bid

Fanj

a

Al-F

arfa

rh

Roy

al C

am S

uwia

q

Roy

al C

amp

Soh

ar

Roy

al C

am B

urya

mi

LDC

-SQ

U (M

awal

leh)

(M-G

rid) A

l-Kho

ud

Shei

ka

Al-G

uhbr

ah

MSQ

grid

sta

tion

MS

Q 2

20kV

Al-Q

urm

Al-A

mer

at a

rea

Abd

ulla

h A

l-Zak

wan

i

Stre

ngth

of M

easu

red

Elec

tric

Fie

ld S

teng

th (V

/m)


Maximum Electric field values vs ICNIRP reference value for for Genral Public exposure (5000 V/m)

Summer Measurements

Winter Measurements

ICNIRP Standard (10000 V/m)

Figure 104: summary of the maximum measured values for electric fields referenced against General Public exposure limits of the ICNIRP

Figures 105 and 106 present a summary of the maximum measured values for electric and magnetic fields in operational location for both winter and summer measurements referenced against the Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP.

Figure 105: summary of the maximum measured values for magnetic fields referenced against Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP


68 | P a g e

Figure 106: summary of the maximum measured values for electric fields referenced against Occupational exposure limits of the ICNIRP

From the measurement results for magnetic and electric fields taken during summer time, it can be concluded that the levels of the fields on general public are lower than the permissible limit recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).


69 | P a g e

5 CONCLUSIONS

Electric and magnetic fields were measured at several locations determined by the Authority for

Electricity Regulation, Oman. The measurements were performed in several high voltage

environments (including 220 kV, 132 kV, 11 kV, and 415 V), as well as near several types of

electricity infrastructure (including substations, overhead lines and underground cables).

All measured values of electric and magnetic fields are lower than the recommended values

provided by ICNIRP.

The maximum values for electric fields were measured underneath 220 kV overhead line,

however the values are lower than the recommended limit (5 kV/m)

The highest values for magnetic fields were measured inside the grid stations and substation, with

values exceeding 180 µT in some places. However, since these locations are not accessible to

general public, the suggested value for occupational exposure can be applied (500 µT).

The highest values for magnetic fields in areas where members of the general public would be

exposed to the fields were at the boundaries of substations, with a maximum value of 16µT being

measured. This is significantly lower than the maximum value recommended by the ICNIRP.

There was a large increase in the measured values of the magnetic fields when compared to the

winter measurement values, due to the higher currents being carried by electrical equipment.

However, since the electric field is related to the voltage of the transmission and distribution lines

small differences in the electric field values were found between the winter and summer

measurements.


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6 REFERENCES

1 L. Kheifets, J. Swanson and S. Greenland,” Childhood Leukemia, Electric and Magnetic Fields, and Temoral Trends", Bioelectromagnetics 27, 2006, , pp. 545-552.

2 A.Ahlbom, N. Day, M. Feychting, “A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia”, Br J Cancer, 83, 2000, pp. 692-698.

3 A. Sheppared. W. Kaune, C. Poole, M. Kelsh,” A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukaemia. Epidemiol 11, 2000, pp. 624-634.

4 L. Kheifets, and R. Shimkhada,” Childhood Leukemia, , and EMF: Review of epidemiologic evidance", Bioelectromagnetics supply 17, 2005, , pp. S51-S59.

5 G.J. Draper, T. Vincent, M.E. Kroll and J. Swanson,” Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high-voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study”, BMJ (2005).

6 http://www.hpa.org.uk/hpa/news/articles/press_releases/2005/050603_childhood_cancer_voltage.htm.

7 IARC, “Non-ionizing radiation, part 1, static and extremly low-frequency (ELF)

electric and magnetic field”, Lyon, France, 2002, P. 429.

8 A.H. Al-Badi, Issa Al-Zidi, Fahad Al-Amri, Humoud Al-Salmi and Ali AlMaamari,” Estimation of Population Exposure to Transmission Line Magnetic Field”, Industrial Applications of Energy Systems ( I A E S 2 0 0 8 ), Sohar University, Sultanate of Oman, April 1-2, 2008, pp. 35-40.

9 A. Al-Badi "Guidelines for pipeline installation close to overhead transmission

lines", Final Report, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, February 2006.

10 A. Al-Badi "Safe separation distance between power line and pipeline", Final

Report, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, March 2005.

11 A. Al-Badi “132 kV Power Connection from national grid to Oman India

Fertilizer Company S.A.O.C. (OMIFCO)-Mitigation of effects on buried pipeline located close to 132kV overhead line/ cable" Final Report, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Dec. 2004.

12 IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0–3 kHz,IEEE Std C95.6™�2002.

13 Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Radiation

Protection Standard Exposure Limits for Electric & Magnetic Fields (0 Hz to 3 kHz) Public Consultation Draft7 December 2006.

14 International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP guidelines),” Guidelines For Limiting Exposure To Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHZ)” 1998


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APPENDIX A MEASUREMENT DEVICES

The following standard devices was used to measure the magnetic and electric fields as shown in Figures 1 and 2. All these devices are calibrated.

Figure A-1: EMDEX II 50Hz Magnetic Field Meter 512K Memory, Standard 0.001μT - 100 μT Range EMDEX II is a powerful magnetic field measurement system based on EPRI's original power frequency recording magnetic field exposure meter.

Figure A-2: EMDEX II 50Hz Electric Field Probe

The EMDEX II Electric Field Probe, or E-Probe for short, allows an EMDEX II meter to measure and display power frequency (50 and 60Hz) electric fields using the 'AUX' jack on the side of the instrument.


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APPENDIX B CALIBRATION CERTIFICATES

authority for electricity regulation, oman electric …summer).pdf · the authority for electricity...

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