Author Index

Abramovitch, R, 129, 144 Aronson, E., 232, 238, 246, Bates, E., 60, 63, 74, 118, Abravanel, E., 126, 138, 144 247, 248, 252, 259, 260, 131, 137, 139, 140, 144, Acredolo, L., 140, 144, 339, 263 238, 263, 326, 347

347 Asch, S.E., 232, 234, 237, Bateson, G., 97, 112 Action, H., 351, 367 239, 241, 248, 252, 254, Baudonniere, P.M., 129, 147 Adams, N.E., 195, 196, 198, 258, 259, 262, 263 Baxter, A., 16, 17, 18, 19,21,

200,203 Astington, J.W., 63, 74 22, 25, 29, 34, 37, 54, 249, Adamson, L., 61, 74, 137, Atkinson, M., 68, 74 267, 278, 289, 294

138, 144, 148, 307, 320, Auerbach, J., 138, 146 Beck, A.T., 200, 203 335,347 Averill, J.R, 189, 198, 199, Becker, H.S., 244, 263

Ainsworth, MD.S., 6, 10, 202, 210, 226 Beeghly, M., 63, 74, 84, 92, 11, 12, 13, 28, 33, 44, 54, Azmitia, M., 323, 347 131,140,144,325,347 85, 92, 223, 226, 249, 267, Azuma, H., SO, 52, 393, 403 Beeghly-Smith, M., see 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, Beeghly, M. 356, 361, 362, 365, 366, Badia, P., 210, 226 Bell, S.M., 350, 362, 366 367, 375, 378, 380, 381, Bakeman, R, 61, 74, 132, Benigni, L., 63, 74, 118, 144 384, 385, 395, 396, 397, 144,299,320,334,347 Benson, J.B., 120, 129, 401,405 Ballachey, E.L., 242, 266 140-141, 148

Albin, c., 120, 146 Bandura, A., 10, 30, 80, 124, Benveniste, E., 105, 112 Alexander, C.N., 233, 251, 144, 177, 178, 179, 183, Berger, J., 271, 277, 280n,

263 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 288,290,291 Alexander, KL., 273n, 293 189,190,192, 194, 195, Berger, P.L., 4, 12, 16, 52, Allen, V.L., 232, 247, 251, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 109,112

252,254,263,281,291 201, 203, 207, 210, 223, Berger, S.M., 179, 186,203 Allport, FH, 241, 263 226, 238, 269, 291, 301, Bergman, A., 85, 93 Als, H., 137, 138, 148 302, 319, 358, 360, 374, Betz, N.E., 202, 205 Althusser, L., 105, 112 375, 376, 379, 380, 382, Bingham, RD., 18, 26, 33, Ames, E.W., 5, 12 390,400 46, 52 Amir, T., 238, 263 Banis, H.T., 189, 190, 204 Binik, Y., 211, 228 Amsterdam, BK, 85, 92 Banks, J.H., Jr., 193, 206 Birch, D., 259, 263 Anders, T., 91n Barchas, J.D., 201, 203 Birch, L.L., 192, 203, 259, Anderson, Bl, 307, 321 Barr, RG., 61, 74, 335, 347 263, 391, 404 Anderson, J.R., 104, 112 Barrett, KC., 19, 52, 130, Bishop, P., 211, 228 Apple, W., 180, 205 144, 152, 153, 156, 171, Blanchard, E.B., 186, 188, Aron, J., 327, 347 258, 263, 390, 403 192,203

407

408 AUTHOR INDEX

Blehar, M., 6, 12, 85, 92, Bullowa, M., 138, 144 Carveth, RA., 191,203 223,226,350,351,366 Burns, P., 362, 366 Cassidy, J., 298, 321, 363,

Bloom, L., 65-66, 67, 68-69, Butterfield, P., 18, 21, 22, 364,366,367 74 26, 28, 33, 36, 37, 38, 44, Caul, W.F., 181, 206

Boccia, M.L., 17, 18, 19,21, 46, 52, 54, 58, 75, 87, 93, Cecire, 5., 128, 133, 146 22,33,34,37,52,238, 151, 172, 176, 193, 205, Champoux, M., 199, 206 239, 240, 244, 258, 263, 240, 241, 250, 251, 256, Chandler, M., 63, 75 289,292,401,404 257,265,362,367,390, Chiles, c., 258, 266

Bohnert, M., 200, 203 405 Chrvala, c., 246, 264 Bolles, RC., 190,203 Butterworth, G., 60, 74, 390, Church, RM., 181, 203 Bornstein, M.H., 21, 54 404 Cirillo, A., 132, 145 Bower, T.G.R, 391, 392, 404 Clark, R.A., 128, 145 Bowie, M., 95, 112 Cacioppo, J.T., 253, 255, 266 Clark, RD., 103, 113 Bowlby, J., 38, 52, 72, 73, Cain, RL., Jr., 307, 321 Clyman, RB., 7, 12, 22, 23,

74,352,357,358,362, Cairns, RB., 299, 319 24, 25, 28, 46, 52, SO, 92, 363, 364, 366, 384, Camaioni, L., 60, 63, 74, 353,366 396-397, 404 118, 137, 139, 144 Cochran, E., 390, 404

Boyatzis, c.J., 139, 146 Campbell, J.D., 234, 264 Cohen, A.K, 244, 264 Bradshaw, D.L., 17, 18, 21, Campbell, K, 351, 367 Cohen, 0.,138,145 22,26,36,38,3~4142, Campos, J.J., xii, 4, 6, 12, Cohen, E.G., 285, 286, 287, 45, 46, 52, 170, 171, 224, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 292 225,226,249,250,252, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, Cohn, J.F., 138, 145 256,263,382,404 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, Coker, c., 210, 226

Brazelton, T.B., 137, 138, 40,4142,43,44,45, 46, Cole, M., 323, 348 148 SO, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, Collin~K, 138, 145

Bretherton, I., 10, 29, 52, 63, 64, 71, 73, 74, 75, 84, 87, Collis, G., 137, 145 64, 73, 74, 84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 98, 99, 112, 113, 114, Conger, J.J., 7, 12 118, 131, 136, 140, 141, 116, 117, 119, 130, 136, Cook, M., 188, 204, 206 144,238,249,263,325, 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, Cooley, C.H., 97, 112, 244, 347, 352, 353, 364, 365, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 253,264,272,292,363 366, 372, 373, 376, 387, 157, 170, 171, 172, 176, Coward, R, 102, 103, 106, 388,394,398,404 177, 193,203,205, 207, 112

Brody, c.L., 233, 251, 263 209, 210, 221, 224, 226, Cox, P.o., 197,207 Bronson, G.W., 212, 226 228,230,231,233,235, Craig, KD., ISO, 182, 184, Brooks, J., 85, 93, 141, 146, 237,238,239,240,241, 186,204

317, 320, 378, 405 244,249,250,251,252, Crano, W.O., 258, 264 Brooks-Gunn, J., see Brooks, 256, 257, 258, 263, 264, Crasey, G.L., 47, 54

J. 265,266,267,278,289, Cromwell, RE., 249, 264 Brophy, J.E., 275, 292 292,294,300,304,319, Crundall, I., 278, 292 Brown, 0.,191,203 321,324,348,350,357, Crutchfield, RS., 239, 242, Brown, I., Jr., 182, 195, 196, 362, 366, 367, 375, 382, 244, 264, 266

203 390, 396, 399, 401, 404, Culbertson,S., 210, 226 Brown, R, 35, 52, 377, 404 405 Culver, c., 120, 146 Brownell, C.A., 141, 144 Camras, L.A., 13, 145 Cummings, E.M., 64, 75 Bruner, J.S., 7, 12, 13, 59, 60, Cantor, J., 181, 184, 203, Cummings, H., 200, 204

63, 64, 74, 76, 84, 93, 117, 207,208 127, 137, 139, 140, 144, Carey, W.B., 36, 52 Dabbs, J.M., 85, 92, 303, 147, 324, 327, 329, 332, Carlsmith, J.M., 238, 259, 319 333, 337, 339, 347, 390, 260,263 Davidson, G.c., 204

405 Carr,S., 85, 92, 303, 319 Davidson, M., 188, 206 Bryant, J., 191,203 Carr, T., 85, 92, 303, 319 Davidson, P.O., 187, 207

AUTHOR INDEX 409

Davis, e.e., 129, 145 Emde, RN. (cont.) Feinman, S. (cont.) Davis, H., 218, 226 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 249, 251, 252, 254, 256, Davis, L.L., 238, 264 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 260, 262,264, 274n, 290, Davison, L.A., 181, 200, 206 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, 52, 291n, 292, 300, 301, 304, Dawson, M.E., 189, 190,204 53, 54, 57, 58, 73, 75, 80, 305, 319, 324, 347, 350, DeCasper, A.J., 155, 156, 172 84, 85, 86, 87, 91n, 92, 93, 366, 374, 376, 378, 379, DeEskinazi, F.G., 211, 228 98, 99, 113, 114, 117, 119, 381, 382, 383, 386, 387, DeYoung, N., 138, 144 130, 139, 146, 147, 151, 389, 390, 391, 393, 394, Denzin, N.K, 11, 97, 101, 157, 172, 176, 177, 193, 395,397,399,401,404

106, 112, 372, 378, 382, 205, 207, 212, 221, 228, Feiring, e., 10, 11, 19, 34, 394,401 231, 235, 237, 239, 240, 46, 53, 239, 298, 304, 306,

Derrida, J., 95, 96, 112 241, 249, 250, 251, 252, 307, 308, 312, 317, 319, DeSilva, P., 188, 204 256, 257, 265, 266, 278, 320, 373, 378, 379, 387, Deutsch, M., 230, 239, 245, 294, 304, 321, 324, 348, 389, 396, 397, 398, 401,

248,251,255,264 350, 353, 355, 356, 357, 404 Deysher, M., 391, 404 362, 366, 367, 373, 375, Festinger, L., 5, 12, 196,204, Diamond, A., 329, 347 377, 378, 385, 388, 390, 245, 251, 255, 264, 265, Diaz, L., 17, 19, 30, 53, 158, 394,395,396,397,405 281,284,292

159,172 Emery, RE., 298, 321 Field, T., 73, 75, 103, 113, Dickson, W.P., 185, 204 Englis, B.G., 183, 204, 205 138,145 Dickstein,S., 23, 29, 45, 52, Entwisle, D.R, 273n, 275, Fischer, KW., 131, 148

53, 132, 145, 225, 226, 256, 276,277,292,293,294 Fisek, M.H., 280n, 288, 290 257,264,354,366 Erikson, E.H., 89, 93, 100, Flavell, J.H., 185, 204

Didow, S.M., 129, 145 109,112 Foa, E.B., 190,206 Dooseman, G., 202, 207 Erixon, G., 189, 207 Foddy, M., 278, 283, 284, Dornbusch, S.M., 272, 276, Estes, D., 23, 45, 53, 225, 292,293

293 226,256,257,264,354, Folkman,S., 199, 206, 301, Drenan,S., 233, 245, 366 320

248-249,265 Forsyth, p.o., 7, 13 Driskell, J.E., Jr., 273, 285n, Fafouti-Milenkovic, M., 137, Foschi, M., 10, 273, 280,

294 145 281, 282, 283, 284, 285n, Duncker, K, 192,204 Fairey, P.J., 234, 264 292, 293, 294, 363, 364, Dunn, J., 81, 92, 300, 319, Fantino, E., 156n, 172 372, 375, 377, 378, 380,

325,347 Fantz, RL., 5, 12 382, 390, 391, 394 Durkheim, E., 100 Farber, E.A., 351, 366 Foschi, R, 281, 293 Dysinger, W.S., 181, 204 Farran, D.e., 4, 12, 49, 53, Frank, M., 23, 54, 294

373,404 Fredrikson, M., 190,207 Eagly, A.H., 246, 264 Fein, G.G., 131, 145 Freedman, J.L., 238, 259, East, P.L., 4, 12, 373, 405 Feinman,S., 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 260,265 Easterbrooks, M.A., 86, 93, 15, 17, 19,20,21,24,26, Freeman,S., 282, 293

363,366 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, French, J.R.P., 246-247, 249, Eberhart-Wright, A., 45, 385 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 250, 255, 259, 265 Eckerman, e.0., 127, 129, 46, 47, 50, 53, 57, 58, 59, Freud,S., 101, 108, 113, 302,

145,212,213,228,303, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 79-80, 320 319,321 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 112, Friedman, J., 213, 214, 228

Egeland, B., 351, 366 113, 115, 116, 117, 119, Friesen, W.Y., 81, 92 Eidelman, A., 138, 146 120,122,123, 129, 136, Frijda, N.H., 31, 53, 250, Ekman, P., 81, 92, 248, 264 145, 151, 157, 172, 176, 265 Ellis, J., 102, 103, 106, 112 204, 210, 223-224, 227, Fritz, A.S., 63, 75 Emde, RN., 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235, Fritz, J., 64, 73, 74

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 236, 238, 239, 240, 244, Fukushima, 0., 197, 205

410 AUTHOR INDEX

Gaensbauer, T.J., 84, 93, Graham, D., 252, 258, 265 Harris, P.L., 63, 64, 74, 75 138,145 Graham, 5., 301, 321 Harris, P.R., 262, 265

Gajdos, E., 199,203 Greco, T.S., 187, 204 Harsh, J., 210, 226 Galanter, E., 327, 347 Greenberg, M.T., 364, 367 Hart, S.D., 282, 293 Galef, B.G., Jr., 5, 12 Greenberg, R., 138, 145 Haviland, J.M., 119, 120, Garcia, R., 138, 145 Greenfield, P.M., 64, 65, 66, 139,146 Garland, J.B., 17, 18, 37, 53 67,68,75 Hawkins, R., 191, 207 Gatchel, R.I., 200, 204 Greenwood, A., 303, 321 Hay, D.F., 128, 133, 145, Geen, R.G., 181, 204 Griffin, P., 323, 348 251,265,381,404 Geer, J.H., 200, 204 Grigoryev, P., 120, 146 Hayduk, L.A., 275, 277, 292 Gelis, J., 388, 404 Gross, L., 191, 204 Healy, B., 73, 75 Gerard, H., 230, 239, 245, Gross~,~,363,367 Heath, L., 192, 205

248,251,255,264 Grossmann, ~E., 363, 367 Heidegger, M., 95, 113 Gerbner, G., 191, 204 Grosz, E., 95, 101, 113 Herman, B., 211, 228 Germond, J., 10, 141, 350, Grusec, J.E., 129, 144 Hertsgaard, L., 225, 227

373 Guemey, B.G., Jr., 307, 320 Hess, E.H., 154, 156, 172 Gewirtz, J.L., 10, 17, 19, 26, Gunnar, M.R., 7, 10, 12, 17, Hiatt,S., 19, 53, 138, 145

30, 36, 53, 154, 155, 156, 18,19,20,21,22,24,25, Hibscher, J., 200, 208 158, 159, 169, 170, 172, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, Higgins, E.T., 281, 293 173,374,381,399,400 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 53, Hill, S.D., 153n, 172

Ghesquire, ~, 351, 367 54, 58, 75, 127, 130, 145, Hilpert, P.L., 197,205 Gianino, A., 217, 227 151, 157, 172, 176, 193, Hinde, R.A., 83, 93, 306, Gibson, E., 41, 54 199, 204, 205, 206, 211, 320, 361, 367 Gilbride, ~, 7, 12, 329, 330, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, Hirshberg, L.M., 17, 18, 35,

348 219,220,221,222,223, 36, 44, 45, 53, 132, 145, Gilligan, C, 109, 113 225, 227, 230, 236, 238, 255, 259, 265, 274n, 293, Glass, D.C., 200, 204, 210, 239, 240, 252, 253, 260, 383, 384, 388, 390, 404

211,227 265, 289, 293, 324, 347, Hodapp, R.M., 139, 146 Goffman, E., 97, 113 353, 374, 379, 383, 388, Hoffman, H.S., 191, 205 Goldberg, 5., 211, 227 394,396,404 Hoffman, M.L., 301, 302, Goldfield, E.C, 146 Gunnar-vonGnechten, 320 Goldman, R., 253, 266 M.R., see Gunnar, M.R. Hoffner, C, 181, 208 Goldman-RaIdc, P.S., 153n, Gusella, J.L., 138, 145 Hogan, R., 6, 13, 33, 54,

173 Guthertz, M., 73, 75 249, 267, 356, 367, 396, Goldsmith, H.H., 17, 18, 22, 405

41-42, 45, 46, 52, 130, 144, Hackett, G., 202, 205 Hollander, E.P., 236, 239, 152, 153, 156, 170, 171, Hagen, J., 302, 320 255,265,267 224,226,252,256,263 Haith, M.M., 153n, 173 Hollenbeck, B., 64, 75

Goldstein, 5., 73, 75 Ha1a, S.M., 63, 75, 141, 145 Holmes, F.B., 212, 227 Golinkoff, R.M., 61, 62, 63, Hale, G., 302, 320 Holzman, M.S., 70, 75

65,75,138,145,326,337, Handley, H., 392, 404 Hood, W.R., 234, 265 347 Hansen, ~, 7, 13 Hooper, M., 246-247, 248,

Good, T.L., 275, 292 Hanson, A.R., 197,207 265 Goodwyn, S.W., 140, 144, Harding, e.G., 61, 63, 75, Homer, T.M., 212, 227

339,347 138,145,326,328,329, Hornik, R., 7, 12, 17, 18, 19, Goossens, F.A., 363, 366 337,347 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, Gordon, L., 61, 75 Harlow, H.F., 358, 359, 367 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, Gospodinoff, ~, 327, 347 Harmon, R.J., 7, 12, 22, 23, 42, 43, 54, 58, 75, 127, Gottlieb, G., 154, 156, 172 24,25,28,46,52,80,84, 151, 157, 172, 176, 205, Gottman, J.M., 299, 320 92, 93, 353, 366 217,221,222,223,224, Gould, D., 197, 204 Harper, L.V., 192, 205 227,230,238,240,253,

AUTHOR INDEX 411

Hornik, R. (cont.) Kavanaugh, R.D., 128, 132, Krantz, D., 200, 204 260,265,289,293,353, 146 Krauss, R.M., ISO, 205 357, 379, 383, 388, 394, Kay, D.A., 61, 76, 139, 140, Kravetz, D.F., 186, 205 396,404 147 Krebs, D., 182,205

Hornik-Parritz, R., 10, 30, Kaye, K, 84, 93, 120, 128, Krech, D., 242, 266 238, 260, 374, 375, 379, 136, 139, 146 Kromelow, 5., 329, 347 388,395,396,400 Kazdin, A.E., 197,205 Kruper, J.c., 10, 120, 146,

Hsieh, K, 17, 26, 32, 36, 47, Keir, R., 188, 206 148, 224, 328, 347, 374, 53,96,236,240,249,264, Kellerman, H., 29, 54 375, 376, 377, 381, 382, 290,376 Kelly, J., 238, 266 383,387,388,395,396

Huber, F., 363, 367 Kelman, H.C., 245-246, 247, Kuhn, M., 96, 113 Hubley, P., 61, 63, 76, 84, 248,265 Kurdek, L.A., 126, 147

94, 137, 140, 141, 146, Kempe, J.E., 7, 12, 22, 23, 148 24, 25, 28, 46, 52, SO, 92, Lacan, J., 95, 101, 102, 104,

Hugdahl, K, 189, 190,207 353,366 105-107,108,110,111, Hughes, R., Jr., 185, 205 Kenney, M.D., 153n, 172 113, 389, 405 Hurwitz, H., 218, 226 Kerr, N.H., 255, 266 LaGana, c., 197, 205 Husserl, E., 113 Kiesler, C.A., 232, 236, 243, Laing, R.D., 100 Huston, A.C., 7, 12 245,251,254,255,259, Laitsch, K, 188, 204 Hygge, 5., 187, 189, 205 265 Lakatos, I., 293

Kiesler, S.B., 236, 245, 255, Lamb, c., 120, 146 Iannotti, R.J., 64, 75, 185, 265 Lamb, M.E., 17, 19, 21, 22,

205 Killen, M., 126, 131, 140, 23, 26, 33, 37, 41, 43, 45, Inhelder, B., 398, 405 146 46, 53, 54, 130, 132, 144, Inouye, D.K, 195, 196,203 King, R., 64, 77, 301, 321 148, 151, 152, 153, 156, Insko, c.A., 233, 245, Kleifield, E., 202, 207 171, 173, 177, 208, 225,

248-249,265 Klein, G.S., 85, 89, 93 226, 235, 240, 245, 252, Izard, C.E., 19, 54, 179, 205 Klein, R., 281, 293 256, 257, 264, 267, 299,

Klinnert, M.D., 4, 12, 16, 17, 320, 354, 362, 363, 366, Jackson, J.M., 245, 255, 265 18, 19,20,21,22,24,25, 367,382,405 Jacobson, L., 275, 293 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, Landau, R., 18, 26, 33, 46, Jahoda, M., 245, 253, 254, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 52

265 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 57, 58, Langhorst, B.H., 23, 24, 54, Jakobson, R., 113 73, 75, 84, 87, 93, 98, 99, 240,266 Jakobson, R., 105 113, 114, 117, 119, 130, Lanzetta, J.T., 182, 183, 186, James, KW., 97, 100, 113 139, 146, 147, 151, 157, 193,204, 205, 206, 207 Jarvis, P.A., 47, 54 172, 176, 177, 193, 205, Larson, M., 222, 224, 225, Jeffery, R.W., 198, 199,203 207,221,228,231,235, 227 Jersild, A.T., 212, 227 237, 239, 240, 241, 249, Latham, G.P., 281, 293 Johnson, W.F., 86, 93 250,251,252,256,257, Laude, R., 200, 203 Jones, c., 307, 320 262, 263, 265, 266, 278, Lazarus, R.S., 181, 199, 206, Julia, H., 362, 366 304, 305, 320, 321, 324, 240,266,301,320

348, 357, 362, 367, 375, Leavitt, L.A., 73, 76 Kagan, J., 7, 12, 85, 93, 222, 382,390,396,404,405 Lee, c., 201, 206

227 Klorman, R., 197,205 Lee, M.O., 8, 12 Kaitz, M., 138, 146 Kohlberg, L., 109, 113 Lehn, L., 215, 228 Kanner, A.D., 301, 320 Kohut, H., 85, 93 Lehr, c., 213, 214, 228 Kant, I., 100 Konner, M., 61, 74, 335, 347 Leiderman, H., 91n Kaplan, N., 364, 367 Koopman, P.R., 5, 12 Leighton, K, 216, 220, 227 Kaplowitz, c., 85, 93 Kopp, C.B., 141, 144 Lenski, G., 4, 12 Kato, M., 197, 205 Kramer, L., 259, 263 Lenski, J., 4,12

412

Leonard, H.S., 200, 204 Lerner, RM., 4, 12, 373,

405 Leslie, A.M., 141, 146 Leung, E.H.L., 138, 146,

250,266 Levan-Goldschmidt, E., 126,

144 Lever, J., 109, 113 Levinson, RW., 81, 92 Levi-Strauss, c., 105, 113 Levitt, M.J., 227 Lewin, K., 245, 266 Lewis, c., 63, 75 Lewis, M., 6, 9, 10, 11, 12,

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 34, 36, 37, 46, 53, 54, 58, 73, 75, 85, 93, 117, 122, 139, 141, 145, 146, 151, 157, 172, 211, 224, 227, 229, 233, 235, 239, 240, 244, 249, 256, 260, 262, 264, 274n, 292, 298, 299, 300, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 312, 317, 319, 320, 350, 366, 373, 378, 379, 386, 387, 389, 396, 397, 398,401,404,405

Ling, B-C., 154, 173 Lipsitt, L.P., 154, 173, 218,

228 Liska, J., 255, 266 Lock, A., 60, 62, 75 Locke, E.A., 281, 293 Lofberg, I., 189, 207 Lofland, J., 241, 266 Logan, C.A., 156n, 172 Lohman, M., 286, 293 Lollis, S.P., 7, 13, 62, 76,

139,140,147,329,348 Lott, A.J., 255, 266 Lott, B.E., 255, 266 Lowery, H.J., 180, 182, 184,

204 Luchins, A.S., 251, 266 Luckmann, T., 4, 12, 16, 52,

109,112 Lunzer, E.A., 327, 347

McCabe, M., 127, 131, 132, 146

McCall, RB., 128, 130, 132, 146

McCune-Nicolich, L., 66, 75 McDermott, RP., 327, 347 McDevitt, S.c., 36, 52 McGhee, L.J., 303, 319 McGhee, P.E., 130, 146 McHugo, G.J., 183, 206 McKelvey, W., 255, 266 McNally, RJ., 189, 190, 206 McNew, S., 63, 74, 84, 92,

131, 140, 144,325,347 McPherson, F.M., 188, 208 Mahler, M.S., 85, 93 Main, M., 212, 227, 362,

363, 364, 367 Malatesta, C.Z., 119, 120,

139,146 Malkin, c., 7, 12, 23, 45, 53,

225, 226, 256, 257, 264, 329,330,348,354,366

Mangelsdorf, S., 10, 30, 213, 214,215, 225, 227, 228, 238,353,374

Margolis, L.H., 4, 12, 49, 53, 373,404

Markus, G.B., 318, 321 Marlin, D., 259, 263 Martin, G.B., 103, 113 Marvin, RS., 364, 367 Mason, W.A., 153n, 172 Masur, E.F., 126, 146 Matas, L., 209, 210, 228 Mausner, B., 255, 266 Mead, G.H., 4, 6, 12, 16, 54,

70, 75, 96, 100, 109, 112n, 113, 141, 146, 270, 272, 293, 363, 378, 405

Mefford, I.N., 201, 203 Meichenbaum, D.H., 197,

206 Meltzoff, A.N., 128, 132,

146, 147, 383, 405 Memmott, J., 218, 226 Mendelson, M.J., 153n, 173 Menlove, S.L., 187, 197, 203 Merckelbach, H., 190,206 Merleau-Ponty, M., 104, 113 Merton, RK., 241, 266 Meschulach-Sarfaty, 0.,

138,146

AUTHOR INDEX

Messer, D.J., 60, 75, 137, 138, 147,250,266,390, 405

Michael, R, 197,205 Michalson, L., 117, 139, 146,

303, 317, 320 Milgram, S., 50, 54, 229,

232, 238, 239, 245, 248, 254,259,262,266,373, 377,405

Miller, G.A., 327, 347 Miller, RE., 181, 193, 206 Miller, RL., 196, 207 Miller, S., 189, 198, 199, 206,

210, 211, 217, 228 Mineka, S., 188, 199,204,

206 Minuchin, S., 307, 320 Mirsky, I.A., 181, 193,206 Mistry, J., 10, 141, 350,

373 Miyamoto, S.F., 272, 293 Moltz, H., 298, 321 Montalvo, B., 307, 320 Montgomery, RL., 238, 251,

255,266 Moore, M.K., 132, 147 Moran, G., 351, 367 Mordkoff, A.M., 181, 206 Morency, N., 180,205 Morgan, M., 191, 204 Morissette, P.L., 17, 18, 21,

37, 39, 53, 240, 264, 401, 404

Muir, D., 138, 145 Munn, N.L., 154, 173 Murphy, C.M., 60, 75, 137,

138,147,250,266,390, 405

Murphy, J.V., 193,206 Murray, P., 128, 133, 145 Mussen, P.H., 7, 12 Myers, B.J., 47, 54

Nadel-Brulfert, J., 129, 147 Nanez, J., 216, 219, 227 Nash, A., 128, 133, 146,251,

265, 381, 404 Natriello, G., 276, 293 Nemeth, c., 258, 266 Newman, D., 323, 348

AUTHOR INDEX 413

Newson, J., 117, 128, 138, Pelaez-Nogueras, M. (cont.) Ritter, B., 186, 188, 192, 203 147 158, 159, 169, 170, 172, Roach, M.A., 73, 76

Nicolich, L., 64, 75 173,374,381,399,400 Roberts, D., 17, 18, 21, 26, Ninio, A., 67, 76 Peleaux, R, 216, 220, 227 32, 36, 37, 39, 47, 53, %, Nonnan, R.Z., 280n, 288, Perinbanayagam, R, 110, 236,240,249,264,290,

290 113 376,401,404 Nunes, L.RP., 126, 147, 302, Pervin, L., 210, 228 Rodgon, M.M., 126, 147

321 Petrovich, S.B., 154, 155, Rogoff, B., 7, 10, 11, 12, 141, 156, 172, 173 323,324,329,330,348,

O'Connell, B., 238, 263 Petty, RE., 253, 255, 266 350, 365, 373, 375, 382, Ogan, T.A., 17, 18, 19,22, Piaget, J., 64, 76, 102, 114, 384,388,395,3%

25, 32, 34, 35, 37, 43, 54, 130, 147, 302, 303, 321, Rommetveit, R., 64, 70, 71, 58, 77, 98, 114, 139, 148, 326, 327, 348, 362, 367, 76 151, 173, 176, 207, 238, 398-399,405 Roper, 5.5., 285, 287, 292 250, 262, 267, 289, 294, Pine, E., 85, 93 Rosenberg, M., 378, 405 383,388,390,405 Pingree,S., 191,207 Rosenblum, L.A., 28, 54,

Ogawa, N., 193, 206 Plecash, J.S., 283n, 293 298, 320, 321 Ogston, KM., 187, 207 Plutchik. R., 29, 54 Rosenthal, R, 275, 284, 293 Ohman, A., 189, 190,205, Pollis, N.P., 238, 251, 255, Rosenthal, T.L., 183, 184,

207 266 186,197,203,207 Olson, D.H., 249, 264 Poulson, c.L., 126, 147, 302, Rosman, B.L., 307, 320 Olson, D.R, 63, 74 321 Ross, G., 7, 13 Orlansky, H., 5, 12 Premack, D., 63, 76 Ross, H.S., 7, 13, 61, 62, 76, Orr, S.P., 193,206 Pribram, KH., 327, 347 139,140,147,329,348 Osborne, A., 63, 75 Pugh, M.D., 288, 289n, 293 Rothbart, M.K., 36, 54 Oshima-Takane, Y., 307, 320 Rothbaum, F., 211, 228 Osofsky, J., 45, 385 Rachman, 5., 188, 204 Rotter, J., 224, 228, 259, 263 Ozer, E., 199, 207 Radke-Yarrow, M., 64, 75, Rousseau, J.J., 391, 392, 405

77,321 Rovee-Collier, c., 218, 228 Pallas, A.M., 273n, 293 Radziszewska, B., 10, 141, Roy, c., 332, 347 Panciera, L., 200, 208 350,373 Ruckmick, C.A., 181, 204 Panksepp, J., 211, 228 Rakosky, J.J., 181, 204 Papousek, H., 84, 93, Ramirez, c., 135, 147 Saari, L.M., 281, 293

119-120, 139, 147 Ratner, N., 64, 76, 139, 147, Sachs, L.A., 132, 145 Papousek, M., 84, 93, 332,347 Sackett, G.P., 153n, 173,

119-120, 139, 147 Raven, B., 246-247, 249, 250, 182, 207, 299, 321 Parke, RD., 23, 29, 45, 52, 255,259,265 Sakurai, M.M., 255, 266

128, 132, 146, 256, 257, Reese, L., 195, 1%, 198, 200, Salapatek, P., 213, 228 264 203 Saltzstein, H.D., 245, 255,

Parker, L., %, 113 Reim, B., 200, 204 265 Parmelee, A.H., 91n Reiss, D., 91n Sameroff, A., 84, 91n, 93 Parritz, RH., 217, 224, 228 Reiss,S., 190, 206 Samuelson, A., 392, 404 Parry, M.H., 303, 321 Rheingold, H.L., 138, 146, Sander, L.W., 362, 366, 367 Pawlby, S.J., 129, 147 212, 213, 228, 250, 266, Sanders, KM., 192, 205 Pedersen, J., 251, 265, 381, 303,321,325,348 Sarason, I.G., 198,207

404 Ridgeway, D., 64, 73, 74 Sartre, J.P., 85, 93, 100, 114 Pederson, D.R, 351, 367 Rimmo, P., 190, 207 Saussure, F. de, 105, 114 Pederson, F.A., 307, 321 Risenhoover, N., 17, 19,20, Sawyer, D., 96, 290, 376 Peer, D.F., 202, 207 21, 29, 32, 37, 38, 42, 43, Scaife, M., 59, 60, 76, 84, 93, PeIaez-Nogueras, M., 10, 17, 54, 58, 75, 176, 205, 221, 137, 147, 390, 405

19, 30, 53, 152, 154, 156n, 227,230,240,253,265 Scarr, S., 213, 228

414

Schachter,S., 4, 5, 13 Schaffer, H.R, 117, 137,

138, 145, 147,303,321 Schell, A.M., 189, 190, 204 Schickedanz, J.A., 7, 13 Schmitt, RL., 96,114 Schulman, A.H., 85, 93 Schunk, D.H., 197, 207 Schurer, F., 307, 320 Schutz, A., 97, 99, 114 Schwartz, B., 190, 207 Scollon, R, 67, 68, 76 Scoville, R, 328, 348 Seligman, M., 210, 211, 224,

228 Seligman, M.E.P., 188, 204,

207 Selman, RL., 73, 76 Sexton, M.E., 127, 147 Shatz, M., 63, 76, 300, 319 Shaw, K.N., 281, 293 Sheridan, A., 104, 114 Sherif, M., 230, 232, 234,

241, 248, 251, 252, 254, 258,265,266

Sherwood, V., 127, 139, 140, 144

Shore, C, 131, 144, 238, 263

Shotter, J., %, 113 Shusterman, L., 200, 208 Signorielli, N., 191, 204 Simmons, M.W., 154, 173 Singer, J.E., 200, 204 Singer, J.W., 210, 211, 227 Siqueland, E.R, 154, 173 Sitko, C, 351, 367 Smith, CA., 183, 206 Smith, J., 66, 67, 68, 75 Smith, P.B., 351, 367 Smith, R, 233, 245, 248-249,

265 Smith, T.G., 238, 251, 266 Smith, W.J., 31, 54 Smithson, M., 283, 292 Snow, C, 67, 76 Snyder, 5.5., 211, 228 Sobieszek, B.I., 273, 274,

275,294 Solomon, M.R, 233, 245,

248-249, 265

Sorce, J.F., 4, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, SO, 54, 57, 73, 75, 84, 85, 93, 98,99, 113, 114, 117, 119, 130, 139, 146, 147, lSI, 157, 172, 176, 177, 193, 205, 207, 212, 221, 228, 231,235,237,239,240, 249, 252, 265, 266, 278, 294,304,321,324,348, 357, 367, 375, 405

Sorrels, J.P., 238, 266 Speisman, I.C, 181, 206 Spence, M.J., ISS, 156, 172 Squadron, 0.,134,147 Sroufe, L.A., 91n, no, 147,

209, 210, 215, 228 Stang, D.J., 252, 266 Stanger, C, 141, 146 Staples, R, 154, 173 Starr, MD., 19, 34, 46, 53,

304, 306, 307, 320, 401, 404

Stautman, T., 281, 293 Stayton, D.J., 6, 13, 33, 54,

249, 267, 356, 362, 367, 396,405

Stechler, G., 362, 366 Stein, M.R, 127, 129, 145 Stenberg, C, 29, 39, 43, 44,

52,73,74, 116, 119, 130, 136, 144, 145, lSI, 152, 153, 156, 171, 209, 210, 221, 226, 251, 264, 300, 319

Stephenson, G.R, 299, 320 Stem, D., 63, 72, 73, 76, 84,

85, 89, 91n, 94 Stevenson, M.B., 73, 76,

126,144 Stone, C, 17, 37, 41, 42, 44,

53, 130, 145, lSI, 172, 176, 193, 204, 221, 227, 236, 239, 240, 252, 253, 265, 324, 347

Stone, G.P., 108, 114 Stotland, E., 185, 207 Strickland, L.H., 245, 255,

267

AUTHOR INDEX

Sugarman-Bell,S., 61, 76, 137, 147,325,337,348

Sullivan, H.S., 5, 13, 272, 294, 363, 372, 385-386, 405

Sullivan, M.w., 141, 146 Suls, I.M;. 196,207,281,294 Suomi, S.J., 299, 320 Sveen, O.B., 197, 205 Svejda, M., 4, 12, 17, 18, 19,

20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, SO, 53, 54, 57, 73, 75, 84, 93, 98, 99, 113, 117, 119, 132, 139, 145, 146, lSI, 157, 172, 176, 177, 205, 231, 233, 240, 249, 255, 265, 267, 289, 294, 357, 367, 396, 405

Swain, D.B., 185, 205 Swanson, D., 96, 290, 376

Takata, C, 196, 207 Takata, T., 196, 207 Taylor, CB., 201, 203 Tesser, A., 234, 264 Thibaut, J.W., 245, 255, 267 Thomas, W.I., 97, 114, 270,

294 Thompson, RA., 23, 45, 53, 225,226,256,25~ 264, 354, 366

Thorndike, E.L., 5, 13 Tingle, B.A., 185, 205 Touris, M., 329, 347 Toyota, H., 302, 321 Trevarthen, C, 61, 63, 76,

84, 94, 120, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 146, 148

Trivers, R.L., 373, 405 Tronick, E., 137, 138, 145,

148, 217, 227 Turner, RH., 272n, 294 Turner, S.M., 202, 207

Uzgiris, I.t., 10, 118, 120, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 140-141, 145, 146, 147, 148,224,328,347, 374, 375, 376, 377, 381,

AUTHOR INDEX 415

UZgiris, I.C.(cont.) Wall,S.,6, 12,85,92,223, Williams, S.L., 201, 202, 382, 383, 387, 388, 395, 226, 350, 351, 366 203,207 396 Warren, S.F., 126, 147, 302, Williamson, c., 131, 144

321 Willis, RH., 232, 235, 236, Valsiner, J., 7, 13, 237, 267, Warriner, GK, 282, 293 237, 239, 241, 242, 243,

323, 348, 401, 405 Wartner, U., 363, 367 244, 255, 265, 267 van den Hout, M.A., 190, Waters, E., 6, 12, 85, 92, Wilson, B.J., 181, 184, 203,

206 209, 210, 223, 226, 228, 207,208 van der Molen, G.M., 190, 350, 351, 366 Windheuser, H.J., 187, 208

206 Watkins,S., 215, 228 Winnicott, D.O., 85, 94, van Ijzendoom, M.H., 363, Watson, J.S., 211, 228 100

366 Watson, M.W., 131, 148 Winton, W., 180, 205 Vasek, M., 120, 129, 140-141, Watson, N., 201, 202, 207 Wise,S., 138, 148

148 Webster, M., 27, 54, 57, 77, WoH, D., 64, 77 Vaughan, KB., 183, 186, 232, 258, 267 Wolkenstein, B., 188, 204

204,207 Webster, M., Jr., 10, 273, Wood, D., 7, 13 ver Hoeve, J.N., 73, 76 274, 275, 276, 277, 285n, ,Woodruff, G., 63, 76 Vilberg, T., 211, 228 292, 294, 363, 364, 372, Woodson, R, 138, 145 Villate, M., 17, 19, 30, 53, 375, 377, 378, 380, 382, Wortman, C.B., 200, 208

158, 159, 172 390, 391, 394 Wright, c.L., 198,203 Volterra, V., 60, 63, 74, 118, Weiner, B., 301, 321 W~cka, W., 192,208

137, 139, 144 Weinraub, M., 299, 307, Vuchinich, 5., 298, 321 320 Yarrow, L., 301, 307, 321 Vygotsky, L.S., 6, 7, 13, 323, Weinstein, M.S., 186, 204 Young, G., 317, 320

324,348 Weinstein, P., 273n, 293 Yukl, G.A., 281, 293 Weiss, J.M., 210, 228

Wade, Tl, 233, 245, Weiss, M., 197, 204 Zafiropoulou, M., 188, 208 248-249, 265 Weisz, J.R, 211, 228 Zahn-Waxler, c., 64, 73, 74,

Wagner, D.G., 271, 277, 291 Welch, A.S., 179, 207 75, 77, 301, 321 Wahrrnan, R, 288, 289n, 293 Welch, B.L., 179, 207 Zajonc, RB., 301, 318, 321 Walden, T.A., 16, 17, 18, 19, Wenzel, c., 180, 205 Zarbatany, L., 17, 19, 21, 22,

20, 22, 25, 29, 32, 34, 35, Wertsch, J.V., 7, 9, 12, 13, 26, 33, 37, 41, 43, 46, 54, 37, 43, 48, 54, 58, 77, 98, 323,348 132, 148, 151, 173, 177, 114, 138, 139, 145, 148, Weston, D.R, 363, 367 208, 235, 240, 245, 252, 151, 173, 176, 207, 238, Whatley, J.L., 303, 319 256, 257, 267, 362, 367, 249, 250, 262, 267, 278, Wilder, D.A., 281, 291 382,405 289, 294, 383, 388, 390, Wiley, N., 99, 100, 102, 111, Zelditch, M., Jr., 271, 277, 405 114 280n,288,290

Walk, R, 41, 54 Willems, E.P., 309, 321 Zucker, L.G., 233, 251, 263

Subject Index

Acceptance, conformity and, 245-251 Action

conformity classification and, 241-245

imitation and, 116, 128-129, 138-140 learning and, 185 research directions and, 398-401

Active referencing, requested and offered messages (asking and getting), 25-28

Adult relationships, instrumental interactions with adults, 323-348. See also Instrumental interactions with adults

Adults, infant/ adult communications compared,69-71

Affect attunement, future research and, 72-73

Affection, imitation and, 138 Affective communication, attachment

theory and, 350-351 Affective expression, imitation and,

138-139 Affective modeling, social cognitive theory,

178-179 Affective sharing

facial expression and, 25 social referencing contrasted, 222

Affective signaling, mastery modeling contrasted, 198-199

Age level. See also Children; Developmental factors; Infancy

imitation and, 126 infant/ adult communications compared,

69-71

Age level (cont.) instrumental interactions with adults,

333, 345 moral development and, 85-89 research issues and, 81-82, 387-393 self-development and, 84-85 social referencing and, 34-35, 59-60

Agreement factors, instrumental interactions with adults, 331-333

Ambiguity conformity and, 251-253 imitation and, 119

Ambiguous referent research issues and, 48 social referencing theory and, 39-44

Animal studies attachment theory and, 358:"'359 emotional signals and, 83 learning and, 153, 154-155

Appraisal of threat. See Threat appraisal Appraisal process, social referencing and,

303-306 Appraisal referencing, reappraisal

referencing contrasted, 240-241 Attachment theory, 349-367

infant-mother attachment research, 350-357

affective communication and, 350-351 behavior at home, 354-357 behavior in strange situation, 351-354

overview of, 349-350 relevant aspects, 357-365 feeling and emotion, 357-360 perspective taking, communication, and

mutually agreed plans, 364-365

417

418

Attachment theory (cont.) relationship components, 360-362 working models of figures and seH,

362-364 Attention

imitation and, 137-138 preverbal period and, 60

Attitude, conformity and, 245 Aversive experiences, vicarious acquisition,

187

Backta1k, social referencing and, 35 Behavior, social referencing and, 16-21 Behavior regulation effect

cognitive nature of, 30-35 magnitude, potency and endurance of,

35-39 research issues and, 49

Biological preparedness, vicarious acquisition, 188-191

Caregiver. See also Instrumental interactions with adults

infancy and, 6 research issues and, 82-83 social referencing concepts and, 115-116

Children. See also Infancy skill acquisition and, 7 social referencing and, 34-35

Oockwork mechanisms, research directions and, 393-401

Cognition. See also Social cognition behavior regulation effect, 30-35 imitation and, 136 indirect effects and social referencing

relationship, family interaction, 302 social referencing and, 136

Cognitive mediation, vicarious activation, 180-181

Cognitive seH-arousa1, vicarious activation, 183-185

Cognitive theory. See Learning; Social cognitive theory

Communication behavior regulation effect and, 31, 33 imitation and, 117-125, 140 infant/ adult communications compared,

69-71 instrumental interactions with adults,

324, 343-344 one-word stage, 64-66

SUBJECT INDEX

Communication (cont.) preverbal period, 59-64 topic-comment constructions, 66-69

Comparison, status and social interaction theories, 281

Compliance, conformity and, 247-248 Conflict, strange situation, attachment

theory,352 Conformity, 229-267

behavior patterns, 251-261 influence methods, 258-261 relationship factors, 254-258 situational factors, 251-254

definitional~sues,231-233 measurement issues, 233-237 overview, 229-231 social referencing types, 238-241 typologies in,241-251

action response, 241-245 applicability to social referencing,

244-245,249-251 motivation, 245-251

Consistency, conformity and, 258-259 Control

infant fear and, 212-216 predictability and, 210-211

Cooperation, imitation and, 140-141 Coping behavior, social cognitive theory

and, 198-199 Correctness, conformity and, 245-251 Crying behavior, attachment theory and,

350-351 Culture

genera1izability and, future research agenda,49-SO

outsider / insider perspective and, 8

Developmental factors attachment theory and, 362-365 future research agenda and, 48 imitation and, 123-124 instrumental interactions with adults,

323-324 outcomes, family interaction, 311-317 relationships, phenomenological

analys~, 102-108 research

emotions, 89-90 morality, 85-89 seH-development, 84-85

social referencing and, 5

SUBJECT INDEX

Deviance, conformity classification and, 241

Dinner situation, family interaction, 307-311

Direct effects. See also Indirect effects defirrition~299-300

heuristic model, 306-307 Direct referencing. See also Indirect

referencing conformity and, 260-261 definitions, 299-300 heuristic model, 306-307 indirect referencing contrasted, 239

Emotional availability phenomenological analysis and, 98 research issues and, 89-90

Emotionality phenomenological analysis and, 101-102 vicarious acquisition, 186-187

Emotional referencing attachment theory and, 357-360 conformity and, 260 described, 28-30 instrumental referencing contrasted, 238 research directions and, 374-376

Emotional resonance behavior regulation effect and, 32-33 phenomenological analysis and, 98 social referencing contrasted, 58-59

Evaluative standards, status and social interaction theories, 280-284

Expectation, status and social interaction theories, 275-278

Experience phenomenological analysis and, 108-110 vicarious acquisition, 187

Experiential and biolOgical preparedness, vicarious

acquisition, 188-191 Expertise, conformity and, 255 Expressive cues, vicarious activation,

179-180 Eye contact

gaze alternation, preverbal period and, 60-61,62

instrumental interactions with adults, 336-339

Facial expression affect sharing and, 25

Facial expression (cont.) attachment theory and, 360 imitation and, 139 information-gathering function and

social referencing, 21-22, 23, 24 learning and, 152-153, 157

419

requested and offered messages (asking and getting), 26

social cognitive theory and, 176 Family interaction, 297-321

appraisal process, 303-306 developmental outcomes, 311-317 dinner situation, 307-311 direct effects defined, 299 heuristic model of direct and indirect

effects, 306-307 indirect effects and social referencing

relationship, 300-303 indirect effects defined, 299-300 indirect effects study rationale, 297-

299 overview of, 297

Fear attachment theory and, 358-359 behavior regulation effect, magnitude,

potency and endurance of, 38 intractable fears, vicarious acquisition,

187-188

Gaze. See Eye contact Generalizability, future research agenda

and,49-SO

Heuristic model, direct and indirect effects, family interaction, 306-307

Identity, phenomenological analysis and, 108

Imitation, 115-148 communication framework, 117-125

development in infancy, 124-125 situation and, 117-124

early interaction and, 136-142 overviewof,115-117 social referencing related to, 126-136

Incidental learning, indirect effects and social referencing relationship, family interaction,302

Indirect effects. See also Direct effects definitions,299-300 heuristic model, 306-307

420

Indirect effects (cont.) and social referencing relationship,

family interaction, 300-303 study rationale, 297-299

Indirect referencing. See also Direct referencing

conformity and, 260-261 direct referencing contrasted, 239

Individual differences conformity and, 244-245 research issues and, 90-92 threat appraisal, 224-225

Individualism, looking-glass self and, 272 Infancy. See also Age level

behavior and social referencing, 16-21 caretaker relations and, 6 definition of situation and, 7 imitation and, 123-124 individual differences and

psychopathology, 90-92 infant/ adult communications compared,

69-71 infant attachment, learning and, 170-171 information-gathering function and

social referencing, 21-25 instrumental interactions with adults,

323-348. See also Instrumental interactions with adults

research in, 5-6 situation and, 7 social factors and, 6 social referencing and, 7-8

Information-and-action theme, social referencing and, 15-16

Information-gathering function research directions and, 394-398 social referencing and, 21-25

Information-seeking outcome, family interaction, 313

Informativeness concept, topic-comment constructions, 67

Instrumental interactions with adults, 323-348

agreement factors, 331-333 data in study, 330-331 detection of infants' attempts at use,

326-330 developmental changes in extent and

nature, 333-345 frequency, 333 manner, 335-344

SUBJECT INDEX

Instrumental interactions with adults (cont.) persistence and success, 344-345 purpose, 334-335 overview of, 323-326

Instrumental referencing conformity and, 260 described,28-30 emotional referencing contrasted, 238 research directions and, 374-376, 385 threat appraisal and, 222-224

Intelligence outcome, family interaction, 313-315, 316

Intentionality instrumental interactions with adults,

328-329 preverbal communication and, 63-64

Interdisciplinary perspective, social referencing and, 8-9

Internalization, conformity and, 247 Interpersonal relationships. See also Status

and social interaction theories attachment theory and, 360-362 conformity and, 254-258 instrumental interactions with adults,

323-348. See also Instrumental interactions with adults

research directions and, 374-376, 379-387

Interpretation imitation and, 122-123 research directions and, 398-401 social referencing and, 4-5

Interracial interaction, status and social interaction

theories, 285-289 Intersubjectivity, preverbal communication

and,63 Intractable fears, vicarious acquisition,

187-188. See also Fear

Language instrumental interactions with adults,

343-344 one-word stage, 64-66 phenomenological analysis and, 105-1OS topic-comment constructions, 66-69

Language acquisition, imitation and, 127 Learning, 151-173. See also Social cognitive

theory action and, 185 imitation and, 128

SUBJECT INDEX

Learning (cont.) infant attachment and, 170-171 overview of, 151-152 paradigmatic experiment in, 159-170

discussed, 168-170 method, 159-164 results and implications, 166-168 training procedure, 164-166

preformationism and, 152-156 process described, 156-159 situation and, 7 social factors and, 7 social referencing and, 3-4

Lifespan perspective, social referencing and, 80

Line of regard, preverbal period and, 60 Lived-body concept, phenomenological

analysis and, 101-102 Lived experience, phenomenological

analysis and, 108-110 Longitudinal studies, moral development

and, 86-87 Looking, information-gathering function

and social referencing, 22-24 Looking-glass self, individualism and,

272

Mastery modeling, affective signaling contrasted, 198-199

Mirror phase, phenomenological analysis and, 103-105

Modeling imitation and, 126, 128 vicarious learning and, 269

Mood modification. See Emotional resonance

Moral development research issues and, 85-89 sex differences and, 109

Mother-infant play, preverbal period and, 61

Mothering attachment theory and, 350-357. See also

Attachment theory conformity and, 256-257 imitation and, 127

Motivation, conformity typologies and, 245-251

Nativist theory, learning theory contrasted, 152

421

Naturalistic studies, social referencing and, 80-81

Negotiation, research issues and, 83-84

Observational learning. See Learning; Social cognitive theory

Offered referencing conformity and, 261 described, 25-28 solicited referencing contrasted, 239-240

One-word stage, social referencing and, 64-66

Other, phenomenological analysis and, 100-101

Outsider/insider perspective, culture and, 8

Past aversive experiences, vicarious acquisition, 187

Phenomenological analysis, 95-114 conceptual issues, 96-97 developmental relationship factors,

102-108 empirical issues, 97-99 lived experience and, 108-110 overview of, 95 structures and, 99-102

Play imitation and, 139-140 preverbal period and, 61

Pointing gesture, imitation and, 137-138 Power, conformity and, 255 Predictability

content of events, 211 control and, 210-211 infant fear and, 216-219 research directions and, 374 social referencing and, 220-222

Predictive regulatory function, social cognitive theory, 192-194

Predictive relations, vicarious activation, 181-183

Preformationism, learning and, 152-156 Preparedness, vicarious acquisition,

188-191 Preverbal period, social referencing, 59-64 Psychopathology, research issues and,

90-92

Race differences, status and social interaction theories, 285-289

422

Reality construction research directions and, 372-376,

398-401 social referencing and, 4, 16

Reappraisal referencing, appraisal referencing contrasted, 240-241

Referee conformity and, 254-258 imitation and, 123 social referencing theory and, 44-47

Referent actors, status and social interaction theories, 285-291

Repair of failed messages, preverbal period and,6O-61

Requested and offered messages (asking and getting), social referencing, 25-28

Research issues, 47-52, 71-74, 79-94, 371-405

early moral development, 85-89 early self-development, 84-85 emotional availability and development,

89-90 function issues, 372-379

referent nature, 376-379 survival and social construction of

reality, 372-376 individual differences and

psychopathology, 90-92 overview of, 371-372, 401-403 process issues, 387-401

clockwork mechanisms, 393-401 infant sophistication and age level,

387-393 social structure and relationship issues,

379-387 referee identity, 379-383 referee relationship, 383-387

strategic issues, 79-84 Rewards and punishments, conformity

and, 259-260 Ritualization of previously instrumental

gestures, preverbal period and, 60-61

Role, social referencing and, 270

Saussurian signifier, phenomenological analysis and, 105-106

Selectivity future research and, 48-49, 379-382 imitation and, 132-136

SUBJECT INDEX

Selectivity (cont.) social referencing theory and, 44-47

Self, phenomenological analysis and, 100 Self-development, research issues and,

84-85 Self-efficacy

research directions and, 374-376 social cognitive theory and, 194-202

Self-evaluation sources, status and social interaction theories, 271-280

Self-understanding, imitation and, 141-142 Sensorimotor phase, phenomenological

analysis and, 102-103 Sex differences

phenomenological analysis and, 108-109 status and social interaction theories,

283 Signaling power, interactional conception

of,177-178 Significant other

research directions and, 385-386 self-concept and, 272-273

Situation conformity and, 251-254 dinner situation, family interaction,

307-311 imitation and, 117-124 indirect effects and social referencing

relationship, family interaction, 301 learning and, 7 phenomenological analysis and, 100-101 social referencing and, 5 status and social interaction theories,

274-275 strange situation, attachment theory and,

350-351 Skill acquisition, children and, 7 Social cognition, emotional resonance and,

58-59. See also Cognition Social cognitive theory, 175-208. See also

Learning affective modeling, 178-179 overviewof,175-177 predictive regulatory function, 192-194 self-efficacy and controllability function,

194-202 asymmetric relation, 201-202 cogni~ve processing, 195-198 coping behavior, 198-199 stress reactions, 199-201

signaling power, 177-178

SUBJECT INDEX

Social cognitive theory (cont.) vicarious acquisition, 185-192

emotionality level, 186-187 experiential and biological

preparedness, 188-191 intractable fears, 187-188 past aversive experiences, 187 social anxiety, 191-192 valuational proclivities, 192

vicarious activation, 179-185 cognitive mediation, 180-181 cognitive self-arousal, 183-185 expressive cues, 179-180 predictive relations, 181-183

Social comparison, status and social interaction theories, 281

Social construction of reality. See Reality construction

Social factors infancy and, 6 learning and, 7

Social interactions with adults. See Instrumental interactions with adults

Social looking. See Looking Social referencing

affective sharing contrasted, 222 appraisal process and, 303-306 attachment theory and, 349-367. See also

Attachment theory behavior and, 16-21 behavior regulation effect

cognitive nature of, 30-35 magnitude, potency and endurance of,

35-39 classification of, 157-158 conformity and, 229-267. See also

Conformity definitions of, 57-58, 79-80, 96, 115-116,

231-232 early interaction and, 136-142 emotional and instrumental referencing

(how to feel and what to do), 28-30 emotional resonance contrasted, 58-59 family interaction and, 297-321. See also

Family interaction imitation and, 115-148. See also Imitation infancy and, 7-8 infant/ adult communications compared,

69-71 information-and-action theme and, 15-16

Social referencing (cont.) information-gathering function and,

21-25 as learned process, 151-173. See also

Learning one-word stage, 64-66 overview of, 3-11

423

phenomenolOgical analysis of, 95-114. See also Phenomenological analysis

preverbal period, 59-64 requested and offered messages (asking

and getting), 25-28 research issues, 47-52, 71-74, 79-94. See

also research issues social cognitive theory of, 175-208. See

also Social cognitive theory status and social interaction theories

and, 269-294. See also Status and social interaction theories

theory referent ambiguity, 39-44 selectivity and relationship with

referee, 44-47 threat appraisal and, 209-228. See also

Threat appraisal topic-comment constructions, 66-69

Social structure, research directions and, 379-387

Solicited referencing conformity and, 261 offered referencing contrasted, 239-

240 Splitting phase, phenomenological analysis

and,103 Standards, status and social interaction

theories, 280-284 Status and social interaction theories,

269-294 evaluative standards, 280-284 overview of, 269-271 referent actors, 285-291 self-evaluation sources, 271-280

Strangers appraisal process and, 304 attachment theory and, 361-362 behavior regulation effect and, 33-34 strange situation, attachment theory, 352,

354 threat appraisal and, 213-215

Strange situation, attachment theory and, 350-351

424

Stress self-efficacy and, 199-201 strange situation, attachment theory,

351-352 Stylized gestures, instrumental interactions

with adults, 339-343 Subjectivity, phenomenological analysis

and, 105-108 Survival, research directions and, 372-376 Symbolic learning, social referencing and,

270

Task performance, imitation and, 140-141 Teacher expectation, status and social

interaction theories, 275-278 Temporality, phenomenological analysis

and, 100 Threat appraisal, 209-228

control in infants, 212-216 overview of, 209-210 predictability and control in adults,

210-211 predictability in infants, 216-219 social referencing, 219-225

affective sharing versus, 222 individual differences, 224-225 instrumental referencing, 222-224 predictability, 220-222

Toddlers, social referencing and, 34 Topic-comment constructions, social

referencing, 66-69

SUBJECT INDEX

Uncertainty imitation and, 119, 127, 129-132 phenomenological analysis and, 98

Unsolicited referencing. See Offered referencing

Vertical construction, topic-comment construction~67-68

Vicarious acquisition, 185-192 emotionality level, 186-187 experiential and biological preparedness,

188-191 intractable fears, 187-188 past aversive experiences; 187 social anxiety, 191-192 valuational proclivities, 192

Vicarious activation, 179-185 cognitive mediation, 180-181 cognitive self-arousal, 183-185 expressive cues, 179-180 predictive relations, 181-183

Vicarious learning; modeling and, 269 Visual cliff behavior, appraisal process

and, 304 Vocal communication,

information-gathering function and social referencing, 22

Vocalization outcome, family interaction, 315-316