AUSTRALIA AND AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

Smallest continentSmallest continent Largest islandLargest island Original inhabitants-Oboriginal people lived on Original inhabitants-Oboriginal people lived on

the continent 40-60,000 yr ago the continent 40-60,000 yr ago First european settlement by British 1788First european settlement by British 1788 World’s driest inhabited continentWorld’s driest inhabited continent Vast areas are arid or semi-desert and virtually Vast areas are arid or semi-desert and virtually

uninhabiteduninhabited One of the most urbanized countries in world One of the most urbanized countries in world

with 70% of population living in 10 cities with 70% of population living in 10 cities

FACTSFACTS Standard of living is high by world stand.Standard of living is high by world stand. Flag of Australia is only flag to fly over a whole continentFlag of Australia is only flag to fly over a whole continent Flag represents the historical link with UKFlag represents the historical link with UK Flag has large star with 6 points for each of the states Flag has large star with 6 points for each of the states

and one star for the territories and the small stars form and one star for the territories and the small stars form the Southern Cross which is a prominent feature of skythe Southern Cross which is a prominent feature of sky

National anthem-revised version of Advance Australia National anthem-revised version of Advance Australia FairFair

Motto-Advance AustraliaMotto-Advance Australia National day –January 26 (date of European settlement)National day –January 26 (date of European settlement)

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA One of oldest land masses One of oldest land masses Flattest of continentsFlattest of continents After Anartica lowest precipitationAfter Anartica lowest precipitation Small population in relation to sizeSmall population in relation to size About size of U.S. minus AlaskaAbout size of U.S. minus Alaska Only country occupy a whole continentOnly country occupy a whole continent Almost twice the size of India&Pakistan 2x Almost twice the size of India&Pakistan 2x Off E coast Great Barrier Reef 207,000 km Off E coast Great Barrier Reef 207,000 km

marine ecosystem rare marine lifemarine ecosystem rare marine life Average elevation less 300m/world mean 700m Average elevation less 300m/world mean 700m

Clear skies low rainfall most of continentClear skies low rainfall most of continentMid summer(jan) 29c-17c n-sMid summer(jan) 29c-17c n-sMid winter(july) 25c-9c n-sMid winter(july) 25c-9c n-sSummer is Dec-FebSummer is Dec-FebAutumn Mar-mayAutumn Mar-mayWinter is june-augustWinter is june-augustSpring is Sept to NovSpring is Sept to NovPopulation 17 million Population 17 million

Most people live SE cornerMost people live SE cornerMost of rest of continent too rugged or arid Most of rest of continent too rugged or arid

for people to live in for people to live in Multicultural society with 25% foreign bornMulticultural society with 25% foreign bornMost work 35-40 hrs per week/5 daysMost work 35-40 hrs per week/5 daysMost have 4 weeks paid vacation, sick Most have 4 weeks paid vacation, sick

leave with about 10 days paid holidaysleave with about 10 days paid holidays

Most retire at 60 or 65Most retire at 60 or 65Women life expectancy of 79/men 73Women life expectancy of 79/men 73Most marry in late 20’s and have 2.1 chd.Most marry in late 20’s and have 2.1 chd.Most couples own or are buying homesMost couples own or are buying homesMost households have ref, c tv’s, telep,1+cMost households have ref, c tv’s, telep,1+c Immigration began w/transportation of Immigration began w/transportation of

convicts from England in 1788convicts from England in 1788Large numbers of students from abroadLarge numbers of students from abroad

HISTORYHISTORY Original people, the Aborigines hunter/gathers moving with seasons Original people, the Aborigines hunter/gathers moving with seasons

and taking only possessions for hunting, collecting and preparing and taking only possessions for hunting, collecting and preparing foodfood

European settlements brought conflict of cultures-taking land of European settlements brought conflict of cultures-taking land of Aboriginal people, destruction of A. culture and social disintegrationAboriginal people, destruction of A. culture and social disintegration

A. pop. Decreased because of clashes and diseases they lacked A. pop. Decreased because of clashes and diseases they lacked imunityimunity

Some animals introduced caused food sources to be destroyedSome animals introduced caused food sources to be destroyed First english visitor was William Dampier 1688First english visitor was William Dampier 1688 1770 Capt. James Cook of British navy claimed possession for e. 1770 Capt. James Cook of British navy claimed possession for e.

part of continent and named it “Possession Island”part of continent and named it “Possession Island” Gold discovered in 1851Gold discovered in 1851 Federation of six former colonies as states “The Commonwealth of Federation of six former colonies as states “The Commonwealth of

Australia – Janurary 1, 1901Australia – Janurary 1, 1901

STATES AND TERRITORIESSTATES AND TERRITORIES 6 STATES: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, 6 STATES: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland,

South Australia, Western Australia and TasmaniaSouth Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania 3 INTERNAL TERRITORIES: The Northern Territory, 3 INTERNAL TERRITORIES: The Northern Territory,

The Australian Capital Territory and The Jervis Bay The Australian Capital Territory and The Jervis Bay TerritoryTerritory

7 EXTERNAL TERRITORIES7 EXTERNAL TERRITORIES W. Australia enormous mineral wealth makes up ¼ of W. Australia enormous mineral wealth makes up ¼ of

nations income exportsnations income exports W. Australia is largest stateW. Australia is largest state Tasmania is the smallest stateTasmania is the smallest state National capital is Canberra National capital is Canberra

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT A. Political institutions and practices follow Western democratic A. Political institutions and practices follow Western democratic

traditiontradition A. federation has a 3 tier systme of gov. 1.the A. parliament (the A. federation has a 3 tier systme of gov. 1.the A. parliament (the

legislature) and Government which responsible for all matters of legislature) and Government which responsible for all matters of national interest 2.six state governments and their national interest 2.six state governments and their legislatures, complementing activities NG 3.About 900 local gov. legislatures, complementing activities NG 3.About 900 local gov. bodies cities, townsbodies cities, towns

A. is independent but retains constitutional links with BritianA. is independent but retains constitutional links with Britian Queen Elizabeth ll is formally Queen of AustraliaQueen Elizabeth ll is formally Queen of Australia Federal houses of Parliament HoRep. And SenateFederal houses of Parliament HoRep. And Senate House divided among states on pop. BasisHouse divided among states on pop. Basis Senate has 12 senators from ea. State and 2 ea. From territoriesSenate has 12 senators from ea. State and 2 ea. From territories Prime minister elected by party that has most MP’sPrime minister elected by party that has most MP’s Many political parties with largest are Liberal Party, National Party, Many political parties with largest are Liberal Party, National Party,

A. Labor Party & A. Democrats A. Labor Party & A. Democrats

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Relationships with Britain, Europe and U.S. forged by historyRelationships with Britain, Europe and U.S. forged by history Growing awareness of importance of politically, economically, Growing awareness of importance of politically, economically,

strategically significant countries of Asia and S. Pacific nations strategically significant countries of Asia and S. Pacific nations have led A. to intensify it’s friendly and cooperative relations with have led A. to intensify it’s friendly and cooperative relations with them. them.

Japan is A. larges trading partnerJapan is A. larges trading partner Relations with China have been marked diplomatic links est. 1972Relations with China have been marked diplomatic links est. 1972 China is a significant market for A. China is a significant market for A. A. technical cooperation program with China is designed to help A. technical cooperation program with China is designed to help

China’s developmentChina’s development A. has very close relationship with New Zealand across all areas of A. has very close relationship with New Zealand across all areas of

political, economic and social activities political, economic and social activities

THE ECONOMYTHE ECONOMY The complexion of A. economy has changed in less than 50 yrs. The complexion of A. economy has changed in less than 50 yrs.

From one which relied heavily on primary production to a mature, From one which relied heavily on primary production to a mature, divers one in which nearly of production is in the service sector divers one in which nearly of production is in the service sector 2/3’s2/3’s

Although the rural and mining sectors account for a small part of A. Although the rural and mining sectors account for a small part of A. production, they account for ¾’s of total exportsproduction, they account for ¾’s of total exports

A. leads world in wool production and a major supplier of iron ore, A. leads world in wool production and a major supplier of iron ore, gold, bauxite and aluminagold, bauxite and alumina

Exports that leads world are alumina, wool, beef and veal, coal, Exports that leads world are alumina, wool, beef and veal, coal, mineral sands and refined leadmineral sands and refined lead

A. has a dynamic economy with political stability, abundant natural A. has a dynamic economy with political stability, abundant natural resources, a skilled workforce, steady pop. Growth and substantial resources, a skilled workforce, steady pop. Growth and substantial domestic and foreign capital investment domestic and foreign capital investment

EDUCATION AND HEALTHEDUCATION AND HEALTH

Schooling is compulsory between the ages Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 6-15 (Tasmania 6-16)of 6-15 (Tasmania 6-16)

Health care is both private and public but Health care is both private and public but predominantly privatepredominantly private

Fight against AIDS, Australia has Fight against AIDS, Australia has concentrated it’s efforts on education concentrated it’s efforts on education

NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND Located in SW Pacific Ocean NZ is a large, long group Located in SW Pacific Ocean NZ is a large, long group

of islands with two main land masses seperated by Cook of islands with two main land masses seperated by Cook Strait and many smaller islands. Strait and many smaller islands.

Nearest large neighbor is Australia some 2000 km awayNearest large neighbor is Australia some 2000 km away Similar in size to Japan or the British IslesSimilar in size to Japan or the British Isles The North Island has a spectacular cluster of four active The North Island has a spectacular cluster of four active

volcanoes volcanoes The South Island has the southern alps, a massive The South Island has the southern alps, a massive

mountain chain which runs almost the full length of the mountain chain which runs almost the full length of the island and is an outstanding scenic beautyisland and is an outstanding scenic beauty

NZ seasons are like Australia’s which are the opposite of NZ seasons are like Australia’s which are the opposite of China and US because they are “down under” the China and US because they are “down under” the equator equator

NZ long isolation from other land masses has allowed NZ long isolation from other land masses has allowed the many florra and fauna to be only found here as well the many florra and fauna to be only found here as well as many insects like spiders and snails. There are no as many insects like spiders and snails. There are no snakes.snakes.

Before the Europeans came there were no animals on Before the Europeans came there were no animals on the Islandsthe Islands

Population has grown steadly over the past 150years Population has grown steadly over the past 150years reaching some 3.59 million in 1994reaching some 3.59 million in 1994

Many Chinese and Indian people have lived in NZ for Many Chinese and Indian people have lived in NZ for generations and almost every country in the world is generations and almost every country in the world is representedrepresented

Religion is a matter of choice with Christianity the most Religion is a matter of choice with Christianity the most widely professedwidely professed

First country to give women the right to First country to give women the right to vote in 1893vote in 1893

Standard of living is relatively high when Standard of living is relatively high when measured by education, health, infant measured by education, health, infant mortality, life expectancy and price stabilitymortality, life expectancy and price stability

Life is comparable to that of Australia, Life is comparable to that of Australia, Canada, Japan, Sweden, UK and USCanada, Japan, Sweden, UK and US

Form of Government is similar to Form of Government is similar to Australia’s Australia’s