#auspol, #qldpol, and #wapol: twitter and the new australian political commentariat
DESCRIPTION
Paper presented at the Association of Internet Researchers conference, Salford, UK, 21 October 2012.TRANSCRIPT
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#auspol, #qldpol, and #wapol:
Twitter and the new
Australian political
commentariat Tim Highfield, Axel Bruns, and Stephen Harrington
ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation
Queensland University of Technology
Brisbane, Australia
t.highfield | a.bruns | s.harrington @ qut.edu.au
@timhighfield | @snurb_dot_info | @_StephenH
http://mappingonlinepublics.net/
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AUSTRALIAN POLITICS ONLINE
• 2007 election campaign – Kevin 07, psephology blogs
• Political blogs
– Not widely taken up by politicians, confrontational
relationship at times between bloggers and mainstream
media
– Similar relationship at times developed on Twitter
• GrogsGate
• Social media
• Larger Australian userbase on Twitter than within
blogosphere
• Twitter for breaking politicial news (#spill)
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DISCUSSIONS IN THE BLOGOSPHERE
• Australian political blogosphere organised less along
party lines than around topics of interest
– Economics, polling data, feminist issues
– ‘Niche’ bloggers adding to debate by examining topics
from the context of their own speciality subjects
– Promoted and responded to by ‘A-list’ bloggers (including
group blogs) covering politics in general (Highfield, 2011)
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POLITICAL DISCUSSION ON TWITTER
• New gatekeepers on Twitter?
– News and opinion circulated, critiqued, challenged on social media
• Extension of gatewatching (Bruns, 2005)
• Follow and respond directly to people creating news/shaping politics
– Not all voters on Twitter - not representative of entire electorate
– No requirement to use hashtag/engage with others using it
• Active choice by user to connect to wider discussion
• Users replying to hashtagged comments might not include it in their tweets
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AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND TWITTER
• Accounts established for sitting politicians
– At Federal level, 146 of 226 members of Lower and Upper
Houses present on Twitter (July 2012)
– Accounts also for government departments, political
parties, media releases
• Hashtags for different political events/broadcasts:
– #ausvotes, #ausdecides, #qldvotes – election campaigns
– #qt, #waqt – Parliamentary Question Time
– #qanda, #insiders – Q & A, Insiders political panel shows
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#AUSPOL
• Popularised around 2010 Federal election (alongside
election-specific hashtags such as #ausvotes) as
overarching label for Australian political topics
• Endured post-election; however, rather than a space for
political debate, seen as increasingly polarised and
frequented by trolls:
Viewing and participating in 'discussions' on the Twitter stream
of #auspol is to immerse yourself in a political cesspit. It is the
dark alley in Twitter you walk down when you wonder if you
have told anyone where you were going that night.
(Jericho, 2012)
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TWITTER AND AUSTRALIAN POLITICS
• Tracking three general political hashtags since January
2012:
– #auspol – Federal
– #qldpol – Queensland
– #wapol – Western Australia
• Methods
– yourTwapperkeeper captures tweets with specified
hashtags from Twitter API
– Gawk scripts for processing large datasets (Bruns &
Burgess, 2011), Gephi for network visualisation
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#AUSPOL
– 1,002,451 tweets (15/01-04/07), 50,622 users
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#AUSPOL
– Highly active group of users within hashtag:
• Top 1% users contribute 64% of tweets
• 6 users responsible for 87,696 tweets
0
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600000
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all 50662 users users > 0% (>= 0tweets; 45514 of
50662 users)
users > 90% (>= 14tweets; 4639 of 50662
users)
users > 99% (>= 297tweets; 510 of 50662
users)
Sum of original tweets
Sum of genuine @replies
Sum of retweets
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REPRESENTATIVE LIMITS OF #AUSPOL
• 13 April 2012: Sen. Bob Brown resigns as Greens leader
– 11am 13 April 2012-midnight 14 April 2012:
• Mentions of “Bob Brown”, “Christine Milne” #bobbrown, @SenatorBobBrown, @SenatorMilne: 13,028 tweets, 7311 users
• Mentions of these keywords + #auspol: 1547 tweets, 924 users
• Mentions of #auspol (all contexts): 6989 tweets, 2092 users
– Bob Brown – 22.1% of #auspol tweets
– #auspol – 11.9% of Bob Brown tweets
– 8065 users – 1338 both Bob Brown + #auspol (16.6%)
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THE STATE LEVEL: QUEENSLAND
• #qldpol
– 116,873 tweets (15/01-15/10), 9531 users
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State election Civil partnerships bill amended
Budget Government funding
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THE STATE LEVEL: WESTERN AUSTRALIA
• #wapol
– 16,001 tweets (15/01-15/10), 2373 users
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Opposition leadership change
Treasurer resigns
Cabinet reshuffle
Budget
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#AUSPOL AND FEDERAL POLITICIANS
@mentions/RTs by active Federal politicians in #auspol tweets Black – journalist/MSM Red – ALP Blue – Liberal Orange – Nationals Green – Greens Pink - Independent
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#AUSPOL AND FEDERAL POLITICIANS
degree 2+ @mentions/RTs by active Federal politicians in #auspol tweets Black – journalist/MSM Red – ALP Blue – Liberal Orange – Nationals Green – Greens Pink - Independent
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#WAPOL
degree 5+ Black – journalist/MSM Red – ALP Blue – Liberal Orange – Nationals Green - Greens
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degree 2+, @mentions/RTs by active WA state politicians in #wapol tweets Black – journalist/MSM Red – ALP Blue – Liberal Orange – Nationals Green - Greens
#WAPOL AND WA POLITICIANS
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• 9 October: Julia Gillard’s misogyny and sexism speech
– 1.9mil views on YouTube
– International attention, heightened #auspol activity:
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SOCIAL MEDIA COMMENTARY
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• Australian mainstream media interpretation of speech
(and coverage of the story) at odds with international
views, criticised by social media users:
As anyone who has a Twitter account or a Facebook page has
noticed, the media's interpretation of the Alan Jones' affair, or
more especially, their interpretation of the Prime Minister's
speech in Parliament about Mr Abbott's sexism, is rejected
outright by many people. Social media has been full of people
interpreting these events in ways that are at odds with the
media's view. People are simply tired of any professional view
that pretends to be authoritative, let alone definitive.
(Dunlop, 2012)
SOCIAL MEDIA COMMENTARY
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SOCIAL MEDIA COMMENTARY
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FURTHER OUTLOOK
• Event/issue-specific
– Case studies within the different political contexts
– Link-sharing, common resources
• Overlap with tracking Australian news and opinion sites
• Do #auspol users link to some sites more than others? News
or opinion? Reflected in connections to journalist accounts?
• Replies and retweets, information flows
– Across party affiliation, between different user groups
(journalists, politicians), regions, themes
• Ongoing activity around political hashtags
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http://mappingonlinepublics.net/ @snurb_dot_info
@jeanburgess
@_StephenH
@DrTNitins
@timhighfield
@cdtavijit