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�g넃ÇX�gë„ziyÆeä¯ä~ZëbzìZknÌ��gëÄS~™*ìX focus

(67 )�Ûm ‡ñkZÅ+B3ûGÆ_.Zq�Æ�Zä»ziy = grain /c¤+

�Æ�Zä 4= ¤+ 4= −Zo¤+Æ'Z'åª 8 −Zoc 2 �ZÞ»ziy

¤+ 8= �ZÞCarat is derived from quirrat, Arabic for the seeds of the coral tree, which were

the traditional weights for precious stones.

There is a different meaning for 'carat', as a measure of purity rather than

weight. 24 carat gold is pure gold. 18 carat gold is 18 parts of gold to 6 parts of

other metals

(Îä ii ({ØÎäÅÚclZg¥x™äÆnX) i) −Zo»Â&§jÐZEwƒ@ìX;X

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−Zo 24 = {ØÎ* % 100 c1.0= −Zo 24/ −Zo 24 = {ØÎäÆnÔi-gZ]~Ñb

°œ 95.83c0.9583= −Zo 23/ −Zo 24= −ZoÎäÆnci-gZ]~{ØÎäÅÑb 23

°œ 91.66c0.9166= −Zo 22/ −Zo 24= −ZoÎäÆnci-gZ]z){~{ØÎäÅÑb 22

°œ %87.5c0.875= −Zo 21/ −Zo 24= −ZoÎäÆnci-gZ]z){~{ØÎäÅÑb 21

°œ %83.33c0.8333= −Zo 20/ −Zo 24= −ZoÎäÆnci-gZ]z){~{ØÎäÅÑb 20

Îä~5z^»ziy¥x™ä»§i:¤Zx 240= i-gZ]»ziy = Vw

−Zo 20= i-Zg]»−Zo4 x ¤Zx 0.0648 = <¤+»ziy 4 = −Zo»ziy

B¤Zx 259.2 = ¤Zx 0.2592 =

¤Zx 200= −Zo 24 −Zo@ 20 x i-gZ]»ziy = i-gZ]~{ØÎä»ziy¤Zx5z^ 40= ¤Zx{ØÎ* 200 - ¤Zx 240= i-gZ]~5z^»ziy

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Zzµ 3.25 = �gë 130= 4gëZzµ 12= �gë 480= |]/ñ»gë

gë150 = ¢3Œé GEg

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¤Zx)ZÚ,( 31.104= ¤+ 0.0648 x ¤+ 480 = ¤+ 480 = Zz÷7&׸g~q,ziy™äÆnåXtnxÆ�ZâVÐáìZknZkÐ0î&» Avoirdupois

z¸CÙZq 16 ¤+(XZz÷Æ 4375 Zz÷Ð0î&áåX)ª 16 ¤+6ŒåXZzgZkÆ 7000 ziy

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−Zo 12= �gë = ¤+ 68 57/100 −Zo) 17 14/100 = ¸w (X v)Z0ºzy �Zä 55 �Æ = �gë = �Zä 72 �Æ = (Xw vi)

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−Zo 12= ¤+ 48 −Zo 10= ¤+ 40

−Zo 14 2/5= ¤+ 57 3/5 −Zo 13 3/4= ¤+ 55

(71 −Zo)m 20= ¤+ 80 −Zo 15 1/5= ¤+ 60 9/10

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¤Zx 403. ¤Zx 471.744 ¤Zx 398.034 Â!el|☠34 �gë( 130 gë�Z�~) 6

¤Zx 943.488 ¤Zx 796.068 Ù7 13.65 gë( 2 æcð) 7

¤Zx 145.152 ¤Zx 122.472 Â! 10.5 �gë( 40 Zz¢4pî GG) 8

³ 2.176 ³¤Zx 3.773 ³¤Zx 3.184272 Â! 273 �gë 1040 ™q 9

³¤Zx 1.886 ³¤Zx 1.592 Â! 136.5 �gë 520 Û™q 10

¤Zx 595 ¤Zx 725.76 ¤Zx 612.36 Â! 52.5 �gë 200 e0~»»[ 11

¤Zx 85 ¤Zx 103.68 ¤Zx 87.48 Â! 7.5 �bg 140 Îä»»[ 12

¤Zxe0~ 36.28 ¤Zxe0~ 30.618 âe0~ 31.5 $ÅÁÐÁg¶ 13

³e0~ 1.813 ³e0~ 1.53 Â!e0~ 131.25 �gë 500 $Ã 14

³e0~ 36.287 ³e0~ 30.618 Â!e0~ 2625 �eÅg¶ 15

³ 652 ³¤Zx 1131.9 ³¤Zx 955 §1023.75 ™q 300 ig¦»[ 16

B¤Zx 54.67 = Ü�;X¤+¤Zx 3.0618 = −Zo�gë 14

1.875= B¤ZxZqgC 64.8 = ¤Zxc¤+ 0.0648= ZÚD¤+ â^:¤Zx 180 = ¤+;ZqÂ! 15= Zq☠¤+ 15.43= ¤Zx ;;

Âá»Zq¤Zx( 0.857 ¤Zx»ZqÂ!;Zzg 1.178/1.165 ¤+XZzg 1543.2= ¤Zx 100)

?gæZ£™r»�gë�bg»ziyge÷;XZ�Z2z~X?gæZ£ÔYegæXZ�ZZ!�Ô™ZcX

−Zow 20= ¤Zx 4.7874= ¸w»ziy = �»ziy 100

gC 27.581= ¤Zx 3.512 =7<(10 ¤Zx@ 4.7874)= Zkn�gë»ziygC 1.9704= ¤Zx 0.2395= (20 ¤Zxw@ 4.787)= Zkn−Zo

"Text book of quantitive inorganic analysis including elementary anstrumental analsis,by

gCXZkФ+» 2.132 B¤Zxìª 259.2 ¤+»ziy 4 Æ_. arthur i doogle ,lodon page 1164

"»390 gæ ¤Zxáì 0.0648 ziyB¤Zx 243= ¤Zx 0.243= gC 2= Zziy;°ZqÃ~X−Zo

¤Zx 3.402= ☠3.5= �gë¤Zx 0.0607 = ¤Zx¤+ 0.243 = −Zo

¤Zx 3.402 = −Zo�gë»ziy 14

¤Zx 4.860= ☠5= ¸w¤Zx 622- −ZoÐe0~»»[ 12 ¤Zx 680.388= Â! 58.333= »[bce0~

¤Zx 88.85= Îä»»[ −ZoÐ 12 ¤Zx 97.198= Â! 8.333= »[f<ØcÎ*''415 ³¤ZxXgæ� 1.769= Â! 151.666= Û™q

Z[J−ZoÆ�ziyZge²V~Wñ„z{t�;X "'

gC 1.8750 gCO:Å’k 1.800 ëz~×�tgC 1.9704 gCAw§gR~ 1.9350 Z'Z�Mã

""390 gCXXgæm 2.1320 gCôm~Â[ 2.0125 ?ÃConversion rates

1 mithqal = 4.235 grams

1 dinar = 1 mithqal = 4.235 grams

1 dirham (non-Hanafis) = 7/10 mithqal = 2.9645 grams

1 dirham (Hanafis) = 3.125 grams

-ŠŒÛŸz~Æge÷ZziZyÆ}ò;X-ŠŒÛŸ�~äeZË.ÔóR~ÚTyÔ‡CÙ{ÅïÆ_.Ѧ�gë»-VÒyHì: ŒÛŸz~»ªge÷

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¤ZxgNì1ZkË~tZW 0.016 ZkÆptƒñ�Ѧ�gë%z`�gëÆŒÛdŒÛdìªZkЋtXZ¤ 344 aZƒCì��gë»b�ZÞZzgÎ!−Zoziy.7ì+p�−ZoÆziy~ÌZ%sìXm

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yz[Æ�Zä 16 = 8/3 x 6 =

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B¤Zx¶ÇX 63.78 ¤Zxc 0.6378=4@0.25513= ¤+à¤Zxìª�zâVŒÛâ'Z'‘�X 64.8 ²ZÚD¤+

¤Zx 85= ¤Zx»[Î*�áw 87.48 = »[Î*4 X2

¤Zx 595= �áwe0~»»[ X3

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ÆçÆnZEwHŠì²4ßÍVätZEw7HìX(B¤Zx 247.9 = −Zo 12 ¤Zx@ 2.975= �áw−Zo

B¤Zx 61,9= ¤Zx .0619 = 4 B¤Zx@ 247.9= �áw¤+

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XZk B¤Zx 259,2= ¤Zx 0.2592= B¤ZxXZÚD−Zo 64,8 = ¤Zx 0.0648= ZÚD¤+ X4

XZkÐe0~ ¤Zx 3.1104=12 x 0.2592= −Zo�gë 12 ZÚD ÐZ¤ë!g{−Zo»�gë¯NÂt¶ÇX

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B¤Zx 10,2= B¤Zx 54,67- B¤Zx 64.8= (ZÚDZzg4¤+~�Ût i)B¤ZxXt£Š©à�ÛtìX 2.9= B¤Zx 61,9- B¤Zx 64.8= ZÚDZzg�áw¤+~�Ût ii)

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¤Zx 3.0616= �gë 200 ¤Zx@ 612.32= 4�gë Ü�;X

âegyïÐZziZyÆéXge÷ZÚ,¤Zxáì 4.45 ¤ZxÐ 4.25 �bg»ziy

¤ZxáìX 3.15 ¤ZxÐ 2.975 TÐ�gë»ziy Modern determinations of weight range from 4.25 grams to 4.45 grams of gold, with the silver

Dirham being created to the weight ratio of 7:10, yielding coins from 2.975 to 3.15 grams of

pure silve--The Islamic Dinar is a specific weight of 22k gold equivalent to 4.25 grams. The

Islamic dirham is a specific weight of pure silver equivalent to 2.975 grams ( 0.1049 oz) or 3.1

grams (0.11 oz).

¤ZxìXZk 3.11 ¤ZxJkY@ìX²ZÚD�gë 2.975 ¤ZxÐ 3.13 ñ��{�zg~�gë»ziyn÷}ìw~ZkÐ4ÃðZzgi7òYìX�ëZÚD¤+Ã�Ѧ¤+âyBX

−Zo 24 −Zo�{ØÎ*kY@åZzgW`Ì 24 tì��zgt~~~ winning point ;XZkÆn ³Î*�{ØÎ*ìXZknW`»¤+Ì�zgt~~Ƥ+Æ'Z'�åXZknøg}0kZÚD¤+ÃѦ¤+¦g™ä}ÃðZzg�?âú70$ËX

5.äÎäÆ�bgZzge0~Æ�gëÅ™¯�~ìZyÆZziZyt�World Islamic MInt - Islamic Dinar & Dirham 1.

The Islamic Dinar is a specific weight of 22k gold equivalent to 4.25 grams. The Islamic dirham

is a specific weight of pure silver equivalent to 2.975 grams ( 0.1049 oz) or 3.1 grams (0.11 oz). .

The modern Islamic gold dinar (sometimes referred as Islamic dinar or Gold dinar) is a

currency that aims to revive the historical gold dinar which was a leading coin of early Islam.

They consist of minted gold coins, Dinar, and silver coins, Dirham.

According to Islamic law, the Islamic dinar is a coin of pure gold weighing 72 grains of average

barley. Modern determinations of weight range from 4.25 grams to 4.45 grams of gold, with the

silver Dirham being created to the weight ratio of 7:10, yielding coins from 2.975 to 3.15 grams

of pure silver.therefore within the Revelation they have to have a reality and specific measure

for assessment of zakat, etc. upon which its judgements may be based rather than on the

non-shari'i other coins.

As per the historical law stated above, one dinar is 4.44 grams of pure gold, while one dirham

is 3.11 grams of pure silver.

Nisab Calculator Misc valuesClassic Islamic values expressed in terms of USD given its market value value at Sat Feb 11

20:09:00 2012 .

Conversion rates

1 mithqal = 4.235 grams

1 dinar = 1 mithqal = 4.235 grams

1 dirham (non-Hanafis) = 7/10 mithqal = 2.9645 grams

1 dirham (Hanafis) = 3.125 grams

1 gr gold = USD 60.39 (1 oz = 33.58)

1 gr silver = USD 1.00 (1 oz = 33.58)

1 gold dinar = USD 255.74

1 silver dirham (jumhur) = USD 2.96

1 silver dirham (hanafis) = USD 3.13

[12] Traditionally, 1carat (the mass of a carob seed) equaled the weight of 3 barley grains or 4

wheat grains.

[13] Qirat is carat. In today's jargon, 24K is also used to denominate pure gold.

[14] This weight of a barley grain is computed based on the above statement by Ibn Khaldun.

Barley grains do vary in weight, that is subject to change due to moisture content etc. The

International Systems of Units set the barley grain as equal to 0.06479891 gm

It was found that the actual historical standard for the dinar to be 4.5gm of pure gold and the

dirham to be 3.15gm of pure silver. However, since the role of dinar is simply as a measure of

value that depends on the gold-content and if zakat is based upon 1-year's provision of

foodstuff, then the 4.25gm dinar of pure gold and 2.975gm dirham of pure silver, as those

circulated during the Prophet's pbuh era, is also a standard.

equivalent to the price of 634 grams of silver. If less, then zakat is not obligatory

Payment of Zakat in Ramadan

Zakat Payment in Advance in Shafii Madhab By Shaykh Taha Karaan Dar al-'Ulum al-Arabiyyah

al-Islamiyyah Cape Town South Africa 19 January 2002

Q.) I am a Shafii follower. In my country we have the scheme to pay zakat from our monthly

salary (working with government). According to Shafii school of teaching, do we have to pay

that type of zakat? If we pay that zakat, do we still have to pay the zakat of our money (cash

curency) after reaching its haul and nisab. [Norashid Aziz UK]

A.) An adequate response to this question requires a more than cursory knowledge of the

workings of the zakah scheme by the Malaysian government. However, it might be mentioned

as a matter of principle that the Shafi'i madhhab permits the payment of zakah before the time

that it actually becomes wajib, i.e. before the conclusion of the year during which one has been

in possession of the nisab, as long as it is executed during the course of that year.

In the case of a year which concludes on the 1st Ramadan, for example, one may give out the

zakah at anytime during the 12 lunar months that precede that date, but not more than 12

months before it.

It would seem that the Malaysian goverment scheme works in this way: that it subtracts from

the employee's salary instalments towards the payment of his zakah of a particular year

DURING the run of that year. If it is in fact so, this would be permissible in the Shafi'i madhhab,

and the zakah thus paid will not have to be repaid upon the conclusion of the year. Wallahu

Ta'ala A'lam

�ÛicmÆge÷

ZâxZÑv)Ñbgg~(:Zâxâz~Zzgâzg�~Â[ZÑ©x~ZzgZ1DZØÌ0sxäÂ[ZÑñZw~–ìX�ZÞ» 6 �ZÞ(ïw™ 6=4+8/2 �ZÞ»�gëÅZz‰) 4(Greco-Roman gzò) - �ZÞ»�gë(Zzg-*ã 8 �ZkZã)

¤Zxáìz{MZ 3.12 T�gë»ziy ZIguë�� ( Zsò�gëHgHŠåX)æÜÄ~()�Ûó~ZsòZebcÆ_.(~Zñ~цZ< 79 ó~) 75 4]Z0Ä~Z0ÄHì� ÑEwåX

) åX Stamped +{ " ÑZ!Zv·gÎwZv " 0%zZyäZsxÅ@gõ~«!gZsò�gë�bgïcT6Ý©(70 �Ûm

¤+ÆZz‰�gëÆe:Ãâ…�XZk�[Ð: 56 −Zoc 14 4Ý|]/ñƸw 7 = �gë 10

¸w 7 = ¤+ 560 = ¤+ 56 x �gë 10

−Zo 20 ¤+c 80 = ¤+ 560 = Zq¸w¸w 7

ZyƒÃ�ÚÐظì�ziy~X!V»jZ!ìXZy~ÐËZqÃÍ�t�g„åX¹Â ""

Z±gÐtظì��gZ™åx~Æiâä~�gë»Ãð{mziyHg7åXzg:|] Logic ì@g]Zzg[teì� �gë»ziyHg™äÅ¢zg]Ck:ƒCX 14 /ñÃZyÆZÚŒÛdƒDƒD¢zg¥xƒ@ZzgZy»

XZn!z���gåZ™x~ÆŒÛR‚¶Ô85½ð EE �ZÞ(Æ�gëÐi2>àYCƒ 6 −Zo) 12 �gåZ™x~Æiâä~−Zo�gëÐà 20 i2>Æ!g}W\å~ÆÓxZ©â]z@Zc]»Dîg6DƒÇÔätYZzg¢zg~��i2>

−ZoÆ/ñÆ�gëÄã�ây™Óx 14 −ZoHg�Ûâ�~X¾ßg]4Ý 14 YñZzgQˆ~ZkÃ$w™Zz¹Ñ¦�[Î@ìXøg}nÌZkÐ4iñ��7ì / ‡âã

XZkЪCÙƒ@ì��gåZ™x~äZKi0Ï~æÜÆZziZy~�gëÆn�ZâVÅ®Z�c−Zo»ziyHg7(71 �ÛâcåXqÑè�gëZzµXgëX™qXzÉÆÚƒHg�Ûâ�ñ¸X)�Ûm

(71 �gëÅ7~Z%sÆ!z���gë»ZzµgëÔ™qÔzÉ»m»ƒÃØåX)�Ûm−ZoìXt�gZÝÎäÆn 24 �bgw»�zuZ*xåX|]Y'ñÆ_.�gZ™åx~ä�Ûâc�bg»ziy

(71 ¤+»�@ìX)�Ûm 96 −Zo 24 jZ!ìX{ØÎ*W`ÀÌ

~äZÏugÃZEw™ÆÔñ��{qÑ]~ÔZÚDZsx“ÆÉ4/õ JGÔÎäÆ»[ÆçÆnÔ �t;X;−Zo»ƒ@ìXZzgtZÚD¤+Ì�Æ�ZäÆziy6F 24 ZÚD¤+ÆziyÃOìYèW`Ì{ØÎ*

X ìZknëZÐZEw™M�−ZoÆ|]/ñÃã�¯™ZziZyÅqgzfs7 14 �ÛäZkugÃã�¯™�W`ÆZÒD¤+ÃZzg

HgÅì)'Zñ»[ig¦zÎ*e0~( æÜÄÆZziZyZzgw»eg "" �Û;X

ZzµgëЯcì 12 −Zo4�gëZzg 14 â^:X�Ûätegñ��{ZÚD¤+Zzg¤Zx)tZÚD¤+ì( 1= ¤+ 15.432 ¤Zx 0.0648= ¤+ ZÚD

¤Zx 1= −Zo 3.858 ¸w( 1/20 ¤Zx) 0.2592 = ¤+ 4 = −Zo)Xt|]/ñ»�gë{ ¤Zx 3.6288= −Zo»�gë 14 ¤+» 56

¤Zx 36.288 = �gë 10 = ¸w 7 = −Zo 14 = ¤+ 560

¤ZxXXXXÎä»»[ 103.68 = �gë 28 4/7 = ¸w 20 = −Zo 400 = ¤+ 1600

¤ZxXXX)e0~»»[( 725.76= Zzµ 5 = �gë 200 = ¸w 140 = −Zo =2800 ¤+ 11,200

|]/ñÆ�genZzgZziZy(72 )m ¸w 7 = �gë 10= ¤+ 560

¤Zx 0.0648= ¤+¤Zx�gë»ziy 3.6288= ¤+ 56= −Zo 14

¤Zx 145.152= Zzµ 1= �gë 40

e0~»»[ ¤Zx 725.76= Zzµ 5

³¤Zx 1.741= Zzµgë 12

³¤Zx™q»ziy 5.225= Zzµgë 12 x 3= ™q³ 313.528=³ 5.225 x 60= zÉ1= ™q 60

³¤Zx 1567.64=5 x³ 313.528= zÉ5 ig¦»[:RZñZz÷ 30.18= Â! 62 11/50= ¤Zx 725.76= Zzµ 5= �gë 200 e0~»»[:

(72 )m RZñZz÷ 4.472= Â! 8 22/25= ¤Zx 103.66= �gë 28 4/7= ¸w 20 Îä»»[:

YzhZ£¸æ~Æ»[»‹t:6i2>»»[-V�cŠìX 3 X� 1998 ÔâÞ�c Renaissance Zôm~g‚!

Reference:- Statuary Exemptions in wealth, live stock and agricutural productions are fixed

as under:- (a). 5 ounce gold / 612 grams of silver or its equivelent.

¸æ~Æge÷»‹t:

¤Zxe0~ 612 = 0õZz÷ = �zª»»[ (X i)¤Zxe0~ 612 = �gë 200 = aè»[

¤Zx 3.06= ¤Zxe0~ 612/200 = �gë Zkn−Zo 14=3.06/.2187 = ¤Zx»ìÔZkn�gëÅ−Zo 0.2187 aèѦ−Zo

¤ZxÔ 3.06= Ѧ�gë¤ZxXX 0.2592 = ¤+ 4= −Zo ¤ZxXX 0.0648= ¤+ â^;XZÚD

¤Zx)tZÚD¤+ì( 1= ¤+ 15.432

ÓxjZ!Y]Ð�gëZzg¤+Å�V»Ü�¤Zx 4.25 Yó~Æ�bg 79 †ZÅ)ë0%zZy

�Zäc¤+( 66) ¤Zx 4.25 = �bg

¤Zx 2.975 =7/10 x 4.25= Zkn�gë

¤Zx°−Zo 0.2125 = ¤Zx 4.25 = −Zo»ziy−Zo 20

¤Zx°¤+ 0.0531 = 4 ¤Zx°−Zo@ 0.2125 = ¤+»ziy¤Zx�bg 4.55 gzð

¤Zx 4.55= �bg¤Zx 0.2275= ¤Zx 4.55/ −Zo 20= −Zo

¤Zx 0.56875=0.2275/4= ¤+¤Zx�gë 3.185 = 7/10 x ¤Zx 4.55 = ¤Zx 3.184 �gë»ziy

ZIgu

¤Zxáì 3.12 �gë»ziy

?Ùr: )�(B¤Zx 54.67 = ¤Zx 0.05467= ¤+

B¤Zx 218.7 = −Zo

B¤Zx 437.4 = �ZÞ¤Zx 3.0618 = −Zo�gë 14

¤Zx 0.472= gzð�ZÞ )g(

¤+ 0.059= ¤Zx 0.472/ ¤+°�ZÞ 8= ¤+

ŒÛŸz~Åï¤Zx 3.104= −Zo�gë»ziy 12 yz[Æ�ZâVÐ "

¤Zx 0.2592 = 12 ¤Zx�gë@ 3.104 = Zkn−Zo»ziy¤Zx 0.0648 = 4 ¤Zx@ 0.2592 = Zkn¤+»ziy

¤Zx�bgáì 4.43 −ZoÎäÆ�bg»ziy 20 ¤Zx�gëÐ 3.104

"" ¤+)tZÚD¤+Æ'Z'ì( 0.0646= ¤Zx 3.104/ ¤+°−Zo 4x −Zo 12= ¤+ZÚD:

Barley grains do vary in weight, that is subject to change due to moisture content etc. The

International Systems of Units set the barley grain as equal to 0.06479891 gm

B¤Zx 64.48c ¤+ 0.0648= ¤+0ÎyiÃ>Wge¼

¤Zx 3.06= 4�gë −Zo 14 = aè4�gë

B¤Zx 218,6= ¤Zx 0.2186=14 ¤Zx@ 3.0616= Zkn4Zq−Zo»ziyB¤Zx 54,67= ¤Zx 0.05467=4 ¤Zx@ 0.2186= Zkn4Zq¤+»ziy

�áw�[

¤Zx 595= �áwe0~¤Zx 2.975= �gë 200 ¤Zx@ 595= �áw�gë

B¤Zx 247.9 x −Zo 12 ¤Zx@ 2.975= �áw−ZoB¤Zx 61.9 ¤Zxc .0619 = 4 B¤Zx@ 247.9= �áw¤+

?gæZ£™r¤Zx 3.402= ☠3.5= �gë

B¤Zx 60.7 ¤Zxc 0.0607 = ¤Zx¤+ 0.243 = −Zo¤Zx 3.402 = −Zo�gë»ziy 14

¤Zx 4.15Ð4.11 = Æ�bg»ziy II ge÷;X)ZsòZebcÆz

¤Zxå 3.18 ²[‚‚ã�gëŒÛãZÚ,ÐÎgÂ

1 dinar = 1 mithqal = 4.235 grams

1 dirham (non-Hanafis) = 7/10 mithqal = 2.9645 grams

1 dirham (Hanafis) = 3.125 grams

5ÕYÆ�bgZzg�gëÅ™Malysia;.The Islamic Dinar is a specific weight of 22k gold equivalent to 4.25 grams. The

Islamic dirham is a specific weight of pure silver equivalent to 2.975 grams ( 0.1049 oz) or 3.1

grams (0.11 oz). .

. Modern determinations of weight range from 4.25 grams to 4.45 grams of gold, with the silver

Dirham being created to the weight ratio of 7:10, yielding coins from 2.975 to 3.15 grams of

pure silver.

ñZi:»eg−Zo 12 −Zo 14

-ŠŒÛŸ�~ ¤Zx�gë 3.088 gzzð�ZÞ ¤Zx 4.25

�bg¤Zx 4.55

�bg·Ã ZÚD eg

.0646 .05513 .059 0.531 .0568 .05467 .0648 ¤+

.2586 .2573 .236 .2125 .2275 .2187 .2593 −Zo.517 .5146 .472 .425 .455 .432 .5189 �ZÞ

3.109 3.088 2.832 2.975 3.185 2.592 3.110 �gë

ZkïÐZ~™�{ZßwXÐë�™,Ð

(324, 324 )ŒÛŸz~m " ziyZIlÆZzgeäZIæÜÆZEw™z = ug ªZßw;X

�zuZZßw;!g{−Zo»�gë�zgt~~~ZEw~å;XZkÐIÌ�gë»ziyb�ZÞ„ƒ@åT»f™‰gÎwåZv~äegÎZÏ�gûV6|]ÃÒñ»ï " Zq�g~WcìX}Zr3üEE0nM|]ZñÐgzZe™D�X

X‹t;XZkugÐtU"ƒY@ì�!g{−Zo»�gë�zgt~~~ " bíЙZcåXCÙ�gë»ziyb�ZÞåZEwƒ@å²a�{−Zo»�gëñ��7åX

−ZoÆ 20 −Zo»�gëe0~ÔZzg 14 a�{−Zo»�gë|]/ñäHg�Ûâc;XZâxZ1�ä|]/ñÆ �ZZßw;XÎäÆ�bgÄœgeZC™i2>»»[HgHXZzgZÏЙqZzgæ'Zñig¦i2>ZEwGXª4}|]/ñ

−Zo�gëÃœgeâ…�X 12 Æ�gëZzg�bgÄœgeŒÛZg�êìX²�zu})´−ZoìXt�gZÝ 24 |]Y'ñÆ_.�gZ™åx~ä�Ûâc�bg»ziy �bgw»�zuZ*xåX aåZßw;X

(71 )�Ûm ¤+»ƒ@ìX 96 −Zo 24 ÎäÆnjZ!ìX{ØÎ*W`ÀÌ�t;X;~äZÏugÃZEw™ÆÔñ��{qÑ]~ÔZÚDZsx“ÆÉ4/õ JGÔÎäÆ»[ÆçÆ

−Zo»�@ìXZzgtZÚD¤+Ì�Æ�ZäÆziy6 24 nÔZÚD¤+ÆziyÃOìYèW`Ì{ØÎ*FìZknëZÐZEw™M�

XCÙàÆßvZLziyÆ�gëÐçn™,Xpt "" �VJ�Ý4Æ�ÃtI7Z� X 0vZVZßwCÙàÆziyÆ_.:~�c "X . "" Ñoƒãec�ËàÆ%zz�gë»ziyiâ:t]ÆÁFziyÐÁ:ƒX

""343 g�Zêgm " YñX�YÆ ‹t: 343 ZϧbÅ!]Z0ÔZ0©ä½ì�CÙàÆßvZLziyÆ�gëÐçn™,Xm

ZÏZßwÃ~äZEw™ÆÃFiˆlHìXZk6ci~�~ˆìX−ZoÃË�zgt~~~ñ��:ƒäÅzzÐѦ�gë:â*YñÂQ4�ÅgZñ�CÙàÆ 14 Z¤Zk �t;X

ßvZL�gZëÆ_.:~�,Zzgçn™,X4ZN[ƒÇX��ZLoc´ºÆçÙÔâàqÑ]Æ�−ZoÎ*Z-Î*ìÂQÓx 24 4+êƒÇXªW`ÀßvZÚD¤+ÐÎäe0~Åyhz�Ûz|™D�

�[Â['Zñ»[6ZÚD¤+Й,XÂñ��{iâä~t4+iƒÇXModern determinations of weight range from 4.25 grams to 4.45 grams of gold, with ÙZßw;X "the silver Dirham being created to the weight ratio of 7:10, yielding coins from 2.975 to 3.15

grams of pure silver

¤Zx 3.1104=12 x 0.2592= −Zo�gë 12 ZÚD¤+Ð ¤Zx 3.6288= −Zo»�gë 14 ¤+Ð ZÚD �ÛÆ_.;X

‚ÂZVZßwXZÚD¤+ZzgŒÛŸz~Æyz[Æ�ZâVÐ!g{−Zo�gëÐ̤+»ziy'Z'ÀìX

Zk§bZ�gZë "" -ŠŒÛŸ�~äeZË.ÔóR~ÚTyÔ‡CÙ{ÅïÆ_.Ѧ�gë»-VÒyHì:�ZÞ» 6 −Zo»ì�� 12 �Æ_.�gëѦ −ZoƸX 20 −ZoÔ 16 −ZoÔ ,14 −Zo 12 −ZoÔ 10 −ZoÔ 8Ô

yz[Æ�ZäX 2 2/3= ZzgZq�ZÞ ì¤Zx 0.194 = yz[Æ�Zä»ziyyz[Æ�Zä 2 2/3 = Zq�ZÞ

yz[Æ�Zä 2 2/3 x 6 = �ZÞ 6 = Zq�gëyz[Æ�Zä 16 = 8/3 x 6 =

¤Zx°�gë 3.104= ¤Zx 0.194 x yz[Æ�Zä 16= �gë»ziy = yz[Æ�ZâV»ziy 16

¤Zx 0.2592 = 12 ¤Zx�gë@ 3.104 = Zkn−Zo»ziy¤Zx 0.0648 = 4 ¤Zx@ 0.2592 = Zkn¤+»ziy

¤Zx�bgáì 4.43 −ZoÎäÆ�bg»ziy 20 ¤Zx�gëÐ 3.104

B¤Z 64,8 = ¤Zx 0.0648= ZÚD¤+B¤Z 259,2= ¤Zx 0.2592= ZÚD−Zo

¤Zx 3.1104=12 x 0.2592= −Zo�gë 12 ZÚD¤+Ð

1 i�:¬Zª¤+ÆѦziy»ç

(324, 324 )ŒÛŸz~m " ziyZIlÆZzgeäZIæÜÆZEw™z = ug ªZßw;X X1

Zz6�؉ge÷¢sZzgjZ!Y]ÐËÌeäÆZ-ziyc³6)¹ÂìXYèã�~-.¤+~„CÙ(ÔCÙº~�Æ�ZäÆ�ÛtФ+»ziy¹„ZƒY@ìX£òziyÃñ��{

−ZoX 14 −Zoåc 12 Z(g~c¢uÄ~ps™äÆZL)b�X�zuZX�gëÆ−Zo»ìX�

(}gz„Æ!z��i�~7Wg;åXWyZv¬\äugt~å~Æfg)„gÉð�ÛâðXTƈ X2

~Zk³6àƒV��Zßw�egÃâ+Zzgœge¯äÆ´z{�âVÆ0kZzg:ÃðiìZzg:Ãðeg{Ôz{ZßwZkugIgu~ " �gZ™xå~ÆZg�á�6¿™*„ƒÇZzg�zu}ëzòÃgh*7}ÇX −cgZ3X

X" ÒyƒZìXtge÷{ØÎäÆ�bg " −Zoì 24 �bg»ziy " |]Y'ñgzZe™D��gÎw~ä�Ûâc�

(72 )�ÛicmXm X −Zo�Hgì 24 Ænìt(~�N!]ì�W`ÀÌ{ØÎ代gZkugt~å~Æ_. X3

(2013 −Zo{ØÎ*)ñ��{œ~ 24 = −Zo{ØÎ*)�zgt~~( 24

¤+ 96= −Zo 24 ¤+Zzg 4= aè−Zoâ(2013 ¤+{ØÎ*) 96 −Zoc 24= ¤+{ØÎ*)�zgt~~( 96 −Zoc 24

â(Æ'Z'ƒ*e’ 2013) Zq¤+{ØÎä»ñ��{ziy = ZknZq¤+{ØÎä»ziy)�zgt~(B¤Zxì 64.8 ¤Zxc 0.0648= aèñ��{RZñÄÆ�Zq¤+)�Æ�Zä(»ziy

B¤ZxÌây¢e’X 64.8= ¤Zx 0.0648= Zkn�zgt~å~ÆZq¤+c/»ziyZk*‡.ÞF�ho]Zzg|ƈ��zgt~å~ÆZq/c¤+»ziyñ��{RZñ¤+ÆziyÆ'Z' X4

åX)Yè{ØÎä»ziyÿÎäÅÑÄZŸ°Å¯6þZq*‡.Þp~|ì(ZknZz6�؉Óx9Ô ge²VcjZßV~�؉/c¤+»ziyZ¤ZxÅ~�cŠìz{�g„7Xz{ƒ£òœge¸XB64.8 �g„Zzgh!]tì�W`Æ�zg~ZÚDR6›Z)ÆnѦct~¤+»ziyñ��{œgeÐ

¤Zx„áìZzgHgHY*e’XZzg¸Ñ¦ZziZyÅã�ƒãecT6!¹ÓxZziZy»�[H 0.0648 ¤ZxƒYäeÂX Null Andvoid Óx6Zäœge» ecX Y*

ZÚD¤+ZEw™ä~ÕZzg�? �zu~�?;X X5

t:~| " CÙàÆßvZLziyÆ�gëÐçn™, " §bÅ!]Z0ÔZig©ä̽ì� ÏZ6FìZkn��ÆZ%Ã]Åzzиëw!]ìX�ßvW‚ãÐZL´ºÆÙ�gûVÄ

Z%Ã]Å (i) 6Zäiâä~Ì4�YzfY»¸êåX� Zkn ZEw™,X¸6l§iìZzgtìwgO�ßÀ�gë»ziygzZîѦ (ii zzÐCÙºÆßvZLßÀ�gëÐiÃ>�,Zzgçn™,X)

�gëÐÁ:ƒXic�{ƒXZkÐZyÆniÃ>�bW‚yƒÇ²Ñ¦�gëÐßÀ�gë»ziyÁƒÇÂiÃ>�y{»vyXúZxp�Â�[™7MXZkn��gë�bgz{ZEw™gì�ZÏÆ_.i2>�,ÐÂZvZjÌJw ƒÇX

kZßwÐ�Z[ZÚD¤+Ãã�~-.¯ä}Ãð�?âú7�$ËXS™4fYZzg��zâV Z ™áÇX!hÓÀö¯6Zk6Z�Zn7™MYètZ4ßÍV»:~ìXÃz{ZC(Zâ��ZzgZyÅÇ™D�X

ñ��{RZñƤ+»ziyÓxgzZî¤+ÆziyÐic�{ì�n�؉�XgzZî¤+»ziy

ñ��{ZÚD¤+»ziyTÐ7g~�*~Îä»»gz!gƒ@ì ¤Zx 0.0648= RZñ¤+ (i)

¤Zx 0.0646 = -ŠŒÛŸ�~ (ii)

¤Zx 0.054 = ?·Ã™r (iii)

¤Zx 0.0607 = ?gæZ£™r¤Zx 0.0531 = ¤Zx�bg 4.25 †Z<» (iv)

¤Zx 0.0568 = ¤Zx�bg 4.55 (v)

¤Zx 0.059 = gzð�ZÞ (vi)

(�Æ�Zä~Zq ii �Æ�ZäÆ‚~�ÛtƒYåX) (i X�Æ�ZäÆziy~Z%seåYè;X) 6

(�Æ�ZäÆziy™äÆ!IVÆziy~�ÛtƒYåX1W`À iii „‚ƒ1Zk~&Ð�ÛtƒYå)(ßYÅzzÐ�Æ�Z仂ÔZk~&»ÚƒXZk»ziyXziyÆ!IVÆœge~!Ç�Ût7ƒYX

Zknñ��{RZñ¤+�gœgeѦ¦g™B¤+øg}nic�{‡.Þ¿Zzg‡.ÞJwƒ*ecX'ßZziZyÅã�Ì�Æ�ZäÆziy6 'ßZziZy;XaèRZñ»¤+'ßziyÆeâVÅã�ìXZzg

¤+B@ìXZkn��Æ�ZäÆZÚDziyÃJw™ä~!Ç Troy ìZzg�Æ�ZâV»ziyRZñ57ƒãe’

~»™�cŠå1Zz÷ 1878 Zz÷¸XRZñ»0î& 12 �ZâV6ŒåXZq0î&~ 5760 RZñ»7&¤+»ìZEw~ìXZkÆ{-V�X 480 ��

¤Zx 31.104= ¤+ 0.0648 x ¤+ 480 = ¤+ 480 = Zz÷W`À�*ÔøwÓxZsò�´Ô'ßÔZ%kc�Ûõ¢uÄZEw™g„ìXZyƒ~ÎäÆ�[Æ

Grain: n¤+'Z'ìXAn ancient unit which was originally based on the weight of a grain of wheat. The grain is the

smallest unit of weight in the avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries systems. Surprisingly it is

identical in all three systems.

â~g{gì�Zkn�W`ÀÆZÚD¤+ÐÎäZzge0~Æ»1V»�[™*ecXZk 2013 aèëX"" �VJ�Ý4Æ�ÃtI7Z� X�gZëÆZ%Ã]ÅzzÐ "" 0vZVZßwì�tìX ÅÃFzz

CÙàÆßvZLziyÆ�gëÐçn™,XptÑoƒãec�ËàÆ%zz�gë»ziyiâ:t]ÆÁFziy""343 fZ!g�ZêgXŒÛŸz~m " CÙàÆziyÆ_.:~�cYñX "X . "" ÐÁ:ƒX

4�ÅgZñ�CÙàÆßvZL�gZëÆ_.:~�,Zzgçn™,X4ZN[ƒÇX��CÙZqoc Zkn�Y»¸I„ÃF�?0Y@ìYèZÚD¤+„ ´ºÆçÙÔâàqÑ]Æ�4+êƒÇX

ƒÐziã¤+ìZzgZkж�gë»ziyƒÐic�{ƒÇÔ−ZoÆ�gëÐXÆ 10 �4�gë»ziy(kìXi2>�y{61úÁƒY@ì} �¥xƒ*e’�

¤ZxJe0~»â´ 1040 −ZoÐ 20 ¤ZxZzg 728 −ZoÐ 14 ¤Zxe0~ƒÏ�{i2>�}ÇÔ² 520 0ki2>Ð!h4o-ö

GIEWƒÇXi2>7�}ÇX�+~W‚ã»ZßwÌ‚tgOXÂic�{ziyzZá�gëÐ�zâV£œi

ƒYD�XZÚD¤+» −ZoÎ*Z-Î*ìÂQ 24 W`ÀßvZÚD¤+ÐÎäe0~Åyhz�Ûz|™D�X aè

ZEwñ��{ZzgßÀÄ̃ÇXZzg¤+ƒÐ(ZÌÔZkn¸Ñ¦¤+»ziyÌHgƒY@ì¤Zx 0.0648= ZknѦRZñ»¤+

ñ��{ZÚD¤+»ziyTÐ7g~�*~Îä»»gz!gƒ@ì

\g�á]B¤ZxziyÃѦ¤+c™0îEt™¢e34/õ XJGYètÌ 64.8 ¤Zxc 0.0648 �ñ��{ZÚD¤+Æ

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�[Â[™äÆnZÚDeäTroy Ounce Weights and Measures

Troy weight was so named from Troyes in France where it was first adopted in Europe. The

Troy Ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. One Troy ounce

is about 10% heavier than the common Avoirdupois ounce. Avoirdupois is the system of

weights using the pound of 16 ounces. Troy weight is the system of weights used for Gold,

Silver and Jewels with twelve ounces to the pound.

Below you will find other Units of Weights and Measurements that are listed with the Troy

Units.

1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 grams.

1 troy ounce = 120 carats

1 troy ounce = 155.52 metric carats (diamonds / precious stones).

3.75 troy ounces = 10 tolas (Indian sub-continent)

12 troy ounce=1 troy pound

14.583 troy ounce =16 avoirdupois ounce (1Pound)

32.15 troy ounces = 1 kilogramme (Kilo)

32,150 troy ounces = 1 metric ton (1,000 kilos)

1000 troy ounces = 31.1 kilograms

The word sterling applies both to the English pound and to the standard

purity of silver.

Gram: 4.

1 gram =.03215 troy ounce

1 gram =.643 pennyweight

1.555 grams = 1 pennyweight (dwt)

1 gram =15.4324 grains

1 gram =0.001 kilogram

1 gram =5 metric carats

1 gram =1000 milligrams

1 Gram = 5 Carats

Grain:An ancient unit which was originally based on the weight of a grain of wheat. The grain is the

smallest unit of weight in the avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries systems. Surprisingly it is

identical in all three systems.

1 grain = 64.8 milligrams

1 grain = 0.0648 grams

4 grains = 1 carat15.432 grains = 1 gram

480 grains = 1 troy ounce

5760 grains = 1 troy pound

7000 grains = 1 pound avoirdupois

Grain =0.064798918 gram

Grain =0.3240 metric carat

Grain =64.798918 milligram

Imperial System: 9.

A British system developed and refined from the earlier Roman systems used in Britain during

the middle ages.

Kevin Loughrey from Non Volatile Technologies Pty Ltd contributed some corrections below.

20 cwt = 1 ton (40 bushells or 160 stones) = 1 ton avoirdupois

4 stones = 1 bushell (56lbs)

1 hundredweight (cwt) = 112lbs (2 bushells, or 8 stones)

14 pounds avoirdupois = 1 stone avoirdupois

16 ounces avoirdupois = 1 pound avoirdupois

1 ounce avoirdupois = 28.349523 grams approx.

1 pound avoirdupois = 453.59237 grams

1 ton avoirdupois = 2240 pounds avoirdupois

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