augmentation: a proactive treatment for erosion … · erosion and invasion by ... cacti and...
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AUGMENTATION: AUGMENTATION: A PROACTIVE TREATMENT FOR A PROACTIVE TREATMENT FOR
EROSION CONTROLEROSION CONTROL
Deb KeammererDeb KeammererThe Restoration Group, IncThe Restoration Group, Inc
RRNW February 7, 2007RRNW February 7, 2007
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WITH THANKS TO:WITH THANKS TO:
URBAN DRAINAGE AND URBAN DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTFLOOD CONTROL DISTRICTHIGHLAND RANCH METRO HIGHLAND RANCH METRO
DISTRICT DISTRICT MULLER ENGINEERINGMULLER ENGINEERING
KEAMMERER ECOLOGICALKEAMMERER ECOLOGICAL
Graded swaleGraded swale
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Erosion beginsErosion begins
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Native prairie swalesNative prairie swales
Old growth prairieOld growth prairie
Diverse plant communitiesDiverse plant communities
Well vegetated valley floorsWell vegetated valley floors
Erosion protection: above and below Erosion protection: above and below groundground
Conversion of native swales to Conversion of native swales to storm drainagestorm drainage
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Storm drainage conversion of Storm drainage conversion of swales can lead to:swales can lead to:
Increased run offIncreased run offExtended periods of soil saturationExtended periods of soil saturationSilt depositionSilt depositionLoss of historic valley floor vegetationLoss of historic valley floor vegetationDecline of existing valley floor vegetationDecline of existing valley floor vegetationErosionErosionAnd invasion by rapidly colonizing speciesAnd invasion by rapidly colonizing species
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Colonizing species time to Colonizing species time to reproduction on sitereproduction on site
WindWind-- 11--2+ years 2+ years
WaterWater-- 11--2 years2 years
Construction import Construction import 11--2 years2 years
Wildlife carried Wildlife carried 55--10 years10 years
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Degrading swale Degrading swale
10 10 --15 years after storm water swale 15 years after storm water swale conversion conversion
Increased run offIncreased run off
Incised channelIncised channel
Reduced time for Reduced time for groundwater groundwater rechargerecharge
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Vegetation impacts Vegetation impacts
Historic swale Historic swale vegetation lostvegetation lostFlanking Flanking vegetation vegetation stressedstressedWeeds invading Weeds invading both channel and both channel and flanking areasflanking areas
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Augmentation trial areaAugmentation trial area
HIGHLANDS RANCH, COLORADO
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Augmentation trialAugmentation trial
Prior to loss of Prior to loss of historic swale historic swale vegetationvegetation
Introduce desired Introduce desired wetland species wetland species
Goal: Prevent Goal: Prevent degradationdegradation
Selection of augmentation areaSelection of augmentation area
2003
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Selection of augmentation speciesSelection of augmentation species
Native Native
Tolerant of prolonged saturated soil Tolerant of prolonged saturated soil conditionsconditions
Rhizomatous Rhizomatous
Rapidly growingRapidly growing
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Prairie Prairie cordgrasscordgrass SpartinaSpartina pectinatapectinata
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Nebraska sedge Nebraska sedge CarexCarex nebrascensisnebrascensis
Woolly sedge Woolly sedge CarexCarex lanuginosalanuginosa
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Bulrush Bulrush SchoenoplectusSchoenoplectus lacustrislacustris((synsyn.= .= ScirpusScirpus acutusacutus))
APRIL 2003
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Vegetation monitoring 2003Vegetation monitoring 2003--2006 2006
Cover dataCover data5 5 –– 25 meter 25 meter permanent transectspermanent transectsOptical sighting Optical sighting device device by ESCO Assoc. by ESCO Assoc. Boulder, COBoulder, CO
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Transect ATransect A--AA’’ 20032003control areacontrol area
Transect ATransect A--AA’’ 20042004
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Transect ATransect A--AA’’ 20052005
Transect ATransect A--AA’’ 20062006
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Transect ATransect A--AA’’ 20032003--20062006
Transect BTransect B--BB’’ 20032003augmentation trial areaaugmentation trial area
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Transect BTransect B--BB’’ 20042004
Transect BTransect B--BB’’ 20052005
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Transect BTransect B--BB’’ 20062006
Transect BTransect B--BB’’ 20032003--20062006
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Cover Values (%) for Species Groups along Transect B - B ' - 2003 - 2006
Transect B-B' 2003 0.1 42 2 8 0.1 0 40
Transect B-B' 2004 18 26 0 8 2 0.1 6
Transect B-B' 2005 8 18 0 4 0.1 0.01 46
Transect B-B' 2006 16 12 2 4 0 0 2
Augmentation Species
Native Perennial Grasses
Introduced Perennial Grasses
Native ForbsShrubs/Semi
ShrubsCacti and
SucculentsUndesirable
Weedy Species
2003 Prairie cordgrass
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2003 (August) Prairie cordgrass
2004 Prairie cordgrass
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2005 Prairie cordgrass
2006 Woolly sedge
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2006 Bulrush
2003 Nebraska sedge
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2006 Nebraska sedge
2006 Nebraska sedge
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APRIL 2003 AUGUST 2006
COST COMPARISONCOST COMPARISON
Conventional soil Conventional soil cement or rock drop cement or rock drop erosion repair erosion repair
$150$150--$400/lf$400/lfAugmentation Augmentation proactive erosion proactive erosion prevention prevention
$10$10--$25/lf$25/lf
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?