audio-sound hearinglistening. aesthetics realism –illusion of reality to support the visuals ...
TRANSCRIPT
AUDIO-SOUNDAUDIO-SOUND
HearingHearing
ListeningListening
AESTHETICSAESTHETICS RealismRealism– Illusion of reality to support the visualsIllusion of reality to support the visuals
ModernismModernism– Sound independent of visualsSound independent of visuals
Post ModernismPost Modernism– Emphasizes listener participation to Emphasizes listener participation to
raise emotionsraise emotions
TYPES OF MICSTYPES OF MICS TransducerTransducer– Converts sound to electronicsConverts sound to electronics– Vibration of air against surfaceVibration of air against surface
DynamicDynamic RibbonRibbon Condenser (Electret)Condenser (Electret) Digital (still analog)Digital (still analog)
PICK UP PATTERNSPICK UP PATTERNS Omni-directionalOmni-directional Bi-directionalBi-directional UnidirectionalUnidirectional CardiodCardiod Super cardiodSuper cardiod
MIC PLACEMENTMIC PLACEMENT On-cameraOn-camera– Hand-heldHand-held– Desk/floor standDesk/floor stand– Lavaliere-lapelLavaliere-lapel
Off-cameraOff-camera– BoomBoom
Fishpole, Giraffe, PerambulatorFishpole, Giraffe, Perambulator
– HiddenHidden Body, hanging, propBody, hanging, prop
MIC SELECTIONMIC SELECTION Pickup patternPickup pattern Hidden-visibleHidden-visible Close-distantClose-distant Quality vs. expenseQuality vs. expense TransducerTransducer
BEYOND MONAURALBEYOND MONAURAL Multiple micsMultiple mics– Close Close – PhasingPhasing
3 X rule p. 1643 X rule p. 164
– MixerMixer StereoStereo– Multiple mics or special micsMultiple mics or special mics
Surround or 5.1 or ???Surround or 5.1 or ???
SOUND CONTROLSOUND CONTROL NoiseNoise– Unwanted added soundUnwanted added sound– Too low levelToo low level– Signal-to-noise ratioSignal-to-noise ratio p. 167p. 167– Ambient noiseAmbient noise– System noiseSystem noise
DistortionDistortion– Unwanted changes in soundUnwanted changes in sound– Too high levelToo high level
MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT Volume-intensity-loudnessVolume-intensity-loudness MetersMeters– Volume Units (VU) (average)Volume Units (VU) (average)– Peak Program Meter (PPM) (Peak)Peak Program Meter (PPM) (Peak)– Calibrated in dBs & % of distortion levelCalibrated in dBs & % of distortion level
LightsLights– Peak flashingPeak flashing– Light Emitting Diodes (LED)Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Automatic: AGC, ALCAutomatic: AGC, ALC
CABLESCABLES Professional- 2 + shieldProfessional- 2 + shield Amateur - 1+ shieldAmateur - 1+ shield AvoidAvoid– Power lines (cross at right angle)Power lines (cross at right angle)– Long linesLong lines– Coiled cableCoiled cable
Proper handlingProper handling– Over-under coilingOver-under coiling– Don’t step on cablesDon’t step on cables
CONNECTORS-PLUGSCONNECTORS-PLUGS AudioAudio– XLR, XLR, – 1/4” (phone), 1/4” (phone), – RCA (phono),RCA (phono),– Mini (1/8”0Mini (1/8”0
VideoVideo– BNCBNC– RF (F)RF (F)
MIXINGMIXING Console-mixer-boardConsole-mixer-board Three stagesThree stages– Input-mixing-outputInput-mixing-output
Controls-fadersControls-faders Pre-amplifiersPre-amplifiers AmplifiersAmplifiers DistributionDistribution Monitors,meteringMonitors,metering
LEVELSLEVELS LowLow– Mics, turntablesMics, turntables
LineLine– Deck outputs (CD, R-Dat, Tapes)Deck outputs (CD, R-Dat, Tapes)
HighHigh– Speaker, headphonesSpeaker, headphones
SETTING LEVELSSETTING LEVELS One at a timeOne at a time 80% as starting point80% as starting point Keep out of the “mud”Keep out of the “mud” Keep below distortionKeep below distortion Head roomHead room
COMMANDSCOMMANDS Fade (in or out)Fade (in or out) SegueSegue Cross fadeCross fade CutCut OpenOpen Sound up and under (bed)Sound up and under (bed) BacktimeBacktime
SOUND PERSPECTIVESOUND PERSPECTIVE Alone- self-explanatoryAlone- self-explanatory Match visuals or counterpointMatch visuals or counterpoint Stereo is not realStereo is not real Surround, 5.1 moves toward realismSurround, 5.1 moves toward realism
DIGITALDIGITAL
Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)– Can replace entire control roomCan replace entire control room– Any PC/Mac with audio cardAny PC/Mac with audio card
Audio in and audio out always analogAudio in and audio out always analog