Attribution from a Research Library

Perspective

Micah AltmanDirector of Research

MIT Libraries

Prepared for How Librarians Use, Implement and Can

Support Research Identifiers.NISO WebinarAugust 2016

DisclaimerThese opinions are my own, they are not the opinions of MIT, any of the project funders, nor (with the exception of co-authored previously published work) my collaborators

Secondary disclaimer:

“It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future!”-- Attributed to Woody Allen, Yogi Berra, Niels Bohr, Vint Cerf, Winston Churchill, Confucius, Disreali [sic], Freeman Dyson, Cecil B. Demille, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Edgar R. Fiedler, Bob Fourer, Sam Goldwyn, Allan Lamport, Groucho Marx,

Dan Quayle, George Bernard Shaw, Casey Stengel, Will Rogers, M. Taub, Mark Twain, Kerr L. White, etc.

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Credits• Collaborators (in part):

– Amy Brand, Liz Allen, Karen Smith-Yoshimura, OCLC

Identifeers group

• Acknowlegements

– CASRAI CRediT Board

– ORCID Team, ORCID Board

• Research Support

– Supported in part by Wellcome Trust 3

Related Publications• Brand A, Allen L, Altman M, Hlava M, Scott J. Beyond authorship: attribution,

contribution, collaboration, and credit. Learned Publishing [Internet]. 2015;28(2):151-155.

• Allen L, Scott J, Brand A, Hlava M, Altman M. Publishing: Credit where credit is due. Nature [Internet]. 2014;508(7496):312-313

• Smith-Yoshimura K, Altman M, Cristán AL, Dawson L, Dunham J, Hickey T, Hook D, Horstmann W, MacEwan A, Schreur P, et al. Registering Researchers in Authority Files. Dublin, OH: OCLC; 2014

• Altman, Micah, and Gary King. "A proposed standard for the scholarly citation of quantitative data." D-lib 13, no. 3 (2007):

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Reprints available from:informatics.mit.edu

Today’s Perspectives

* Lifecycle View ** Emerging Practice *

* On the Horizon *

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Lifecycle View

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Identifiers are Not Just for Published Articles

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● Identifiers may apply to many types of works

● Identifiers may reference different types of entities

● Identifiers may be assigned at any lifecycle stage

Research Information Lifecycle

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Creation /

Collection

Storage /

Ingest

Processing / Transformation

Internal Sharing

Analysis

External Dissemination

/Publication

Short & Long-term

Access

ReuseData

SoftwareArticlesFiguresImages

Lifecycle Management Metadata

● Identifiers ● Fixity● Provenance● Rights

Identifier Types

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● Actors○ Organizations

○ People

○ Works

● Relationships○ Contribution

/ Authorship

○ Rights / Obligations

○ Reference / derivation (evidentiary)

○ Attribution

Works

Organizations People

Works

It’s Complicated● Identifying all actors● Identifying all works● Capturing provenance● Communicate

trustworthiness● Enabling upstream

corrections and annotations

● Integrating into research tools

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Emerging Practice

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Beyond Watchful Waiting - Time to Engage

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● ORCID has emerged as the standard researcher identification infrastructure

● All major scholarly publishers support ORCIDs -- many require them

● ORCID now integrated into all major manuscript management systems

● CrossRef integration complete, provides ability to automatically add / update author records on publication

● Most major funders either support or require ORCIDs

● Many universities are integrating ORCIDs into their processes and systems

The MIT ExperienceRoles

- Business Owner, Communications Lead: Institutional Research, Provost Office

- Technical Support & Development: IS&T

- Patron Service & Support: Libraries

Target Systems- MIT ORCID creation service- MIT Data warehouse - ID table - MIT Profile System - DSPACE integration- HR Systems (Atlas Integration)

Outline of registration process

1. Pre-registration check #1 2. 1st contact email. 3. 2nd Contact email.4. Post-registration check5. ORCID Confirmation Email6. Integration of publication information

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MIT 2015 Rollout- 6/15 – Pilot-Phase Rollout – Physic/RLE

o 587 People in Scopeo 61 created/linked themselves

(completed at stage 1-3)o 6 opt-outs (completed at stage 2-3)o 29 ORCID’s existed with a private

MIT address (completed at stage 4)o 491 new ORCID’s registeredo 0 questions received/problems

reported

- 8/15 – Full Rollouto 11042 people in scopeo 1501 created/linked themselves

(completed at stage 1-3)o 23 opt-outs (completed at stage

2-3)o 427 with a private MIT address

(completed at stage 4)o 9091 new ORCID’s registeredo 9 questions received by

Institutional Research, & libraries

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Why ORCID?✓ Connects your work✓ Eliminates name ambiguity✓ Stays with you through your career✓ Improves discoverability

What is ORCID?✓ Unique, persistent identifier

for researchers & scholars✓ Non-profit organization support✓ Links authors, funders, publishing

Create an ORCID through MIT http://orcid.mit.edu/

@How is MIT used @ MIT?

✓ Automatically provided – for faculty, staff, postdocs & grads

✓ Linked to your MIT ID ✓ Integrates with MIT Systems:✓ MIT Electronic Professional

Record✓ DSPACE@MIT

✓ Reduced Paperwork✓ Supports Open Access and

Accreditation

Grants

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-3881

Repositories

Researcher Information

Systems

Manuscript submission

Other identifiersSociety

membership

Use your ORCID iD!✓ Manuscript submission✓ Grant applications✓ Professional society

membership✓ Link with other

identifiers & profiles✓ Display on your CV,

web page, and moreQuestions?

http://libguides.mit.edu/authorids

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ORCID COLLECT AND CONNECT● Collecting validated ORCID iDs for your

employees, members, affiliates, and

students…

● Displaying iDs to signal to your employees

and affiliates that your information systems are

plumbed to support their use of ORCID

● Connecting information about affiliation – and,

if applicable, contributions – to an individual’s

ORCID record,...

● Synchronizing with your systems to improve

reporting accuracy and speed

18https://orcid.org/content/collect-connect

ORCID COLLECT AND CONNECT

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Future Proofing Systems● Metadata Design

○ Authors, organizations are not strings

○ identifiers are multi-valued

○ multiple identifier authorities, resolvers

● Systems Design - Separation of Concerns

○ Persistent identifiers

○ Authoritative metadata

○ Profile information

● Prepare for

○ more complex evaluation

○ more complex reporting of usage

● Ask for more than PDF’s …Many publishers are already associating

each article with:

○ Multi-valued author list

○ Identifiers – author, funder,

institution

○ Contribution/COI statements

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On the Horizon

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Recognizing Contributor Roles

• Identified people relate to works through different roles

• Increasingly contribution roles are being standardized through the CASRAI CRediT taxonomies

• Publishers and publisher systems are beginning to incorporate this in systems, metadata, and policies

• ORCID now provides pilot support for limited roles through Mozilla contributor badges, and will has announced plans to expand role support

Initiatives

• Standardization

casrai.org/credit

• Systems Integrationwww.ariessys.com/software/standards/

• Authorship Policies– PLOS:

journals.plos.org/plosone/s/authorship

– CELL: www.cell.com/cell/authors

– ACM:www.acm.org/publications/policies/policy_on_authorship

Bridging Person Identifiers, Data and Software• Increasing integration of ORCID

identifiers into data repositories over the last 3 years

• ORCID identifiers now integrated with Datacite, and TR Data Citation Index

• ORCID auto-update functionality integrated with DataCite

• Broader practices are beginning to emerge for software repositories, and citation

Initiatives to Watch• Project THOR

project-thor.eu

• FORCE 11 Software Citation Principleswww.force11.org/software-citation-principles

• ACM New Publication Policies on Software Reproducibility and Contributorshipwww.acm.org/publications/policies

• Software Preservation initiatives:- www.softwarepreservationnetwork.org- www.softwareheritage.org - guides.github.com/activities/citable-code/

Questions?Web:

Informatics.mit.edu

Email:

escience@mit.edu

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