atopic dermatitis.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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ECZEMA
Lecture fife
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
• Protect against infections, cheica! to"insan# $h%sica! agents &U', ioni(ing ra#iation)
• Pre*ent insensi+!e ater !oss
• Contro! +o#% te$erature&theroregu!ation)
• Sensation, counication &$s%chosocia!,
se"ua!, en#ocrine functions)• Se!f-regeneration an# hea!ing
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ECZEMA Usually refers to severely inflamed dermatitis.
•It is a non –infectious inflammatory dermatosis in
which the affected skin is erythematous.
• IT IS NOT ADISEASE IT IS A S!"#TO"."OST DE$"ATO%O&ISTS 'OU%D A((E#T T)E
DE*INITION+ S,IN IN*%A""ATION O* ')ATE-E$
(AUSE
•sins and sym/toms associated with such an acute
/rocess (itching, sting, burning of the skin with
drainage from lesions0
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TE.MINOLO/0
1eratitis 2 1erat 3 itis
refers to s4in eans
5inf!ae#6
&thus, inf!ae# s4in)
Other e"a$!es7 arthritis, co!itis,
ence$ha!itis, etc8
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CA.1INAL FEATU.ES
OF INFLAMMATION
• &arth) - increase# +!oo# f!o
• &re#ness) -#i!ate# +!oo# *esse!s
• &$ain)- irritation of ner*es in inf!ae#
tissues
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C!assification
• Can either +e acute or chronic in nature8 • Acute ec(ea shos ar4e# inf!aation of
s4in, er%thea an# $a$u!es
8• Chronic ec(ea shos !ichenification &thic4ening
of the s4in) fro re$eate# ru++ing or scratching,$ost inf!aator% h%$er- or h%$o $igentation8
• 9oth t%$es can sho e"coriations8• There is coon!% a secon#ar% infection, usua!!%
ith Sta$h%!ococcus aureus &S8 aureus)8
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T0PES OF 1E.MATITIS
& ECZEMA)
• IT IS P.ECIPITATE1 90 E:TE.NALSOU.CES O. INTE.NALONES&EN1O/ENOUS
• E"ogenous7 contact 1E.MATITIS´)
• Irritant, a!!ergic an# infecti*e8
• En#ogenous, chronic Ato$ic, A steatiOTIC, neuro#eatisTIS,an#
other t%$es
•
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I..ITANT CONTACT
1E.MATITIS• Non-iuno!ogic inf!aator% reaction of
the s4in #ue to an e"terna! agent
•'arie# or$ho!og%• C!inica! t%$es
; Cheica! +urns
;Irritant reactions
; Acute irritant contact #eratitis
; Chronic irritant contact #eratitis
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COMMON I..ITANTS
•
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*A(TO$S IN*%UEN(IN& T)E
DE-E%O#"ENTO* S,INI$$ITATION
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• THE SUBSTANCE , IF IT PENET.ATE TO T=E
1E.MAL A.EA
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• T=E CLIMATE
• MAC.O
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• T=E =OST
• A/E1 SKIN IS LESS P.ON TO
I..ITATION T=AN 0OUT=FUL SKIN,
9ECAUS E OF /.EATE. 1IFFICULT0
IN 1.U/ PENET.ATION T=TOU/=
A/E1 SKIN
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Alleric contact dermatitis
The ter 5contact #eratitis6 #escri+es an
inf!aation of the s4in cause# +% contact ithe"terna! agents8 A!!ergic contact #eratitis is a
#e!a%e#-t%$e h%$ersensiti*it% reaction #ue to the
contact ith a cheica! to hich the in#i*i#ua! has
$re*ious!% +een sensiti(e#8 Possi+!e a!!ergens are
foun# in Bee!!er%, $ersona! care $ro#ucts, to$ica!
e#ications, $!ants an# or4-re!ate# ateria!s8
Usua!!%, the ec(eatous reaction #e*e!o$s ithin? to D? hours after contact ith the causati*e
cheica! in a sensiti(e# in#i*i#ua!8
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Ato$ic #eratitis
A chronic $ro+!e causing #r% s4in, intense
itching, an# a raise# rash, soe chi!#ren outgro
ato$ic #eratitis, or ha*e i!#er cases as the%
age8 In se*ere cases, this non-contagious rash
fors c!ear, f!ui#-fi!!e# +!isters8
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Se*era! treatent o$tions for ec(ea are
a*ai!a+!e8 9ut $riari!%, it is ost i$ortant to
#iagnose correct!% an# to i#entif% the un#er!%ing
etio!ogica! factors &e8g8 a!!ergens in case ofa!!ergic contact #eratitis)8 A*oi#ance of the a
etio!ogica! factors is one i$ortant thera$eutic
a$$roach8 S%$toatic treatent inc!u#esto$ica! an# s%steic treatent regiens8 The
treatent #e$en#s on the un#er!%ing t%$e of
ec(ea an# on its !oca!i(ation8The fo!!oing genera! gui#e!ines ha*e $ro*e#
he!$fu! in ec(ea $atients7
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• Asteatotic ec(ea7 this ec(ea is characteri(e# +%
#r% an# fissure# s4in an# +% a+sence of se+aceous
secretions8 It occurs ain!% #uring the #r% eather
an# in the age# s4in8
• Neuro#eratitis7 this is a chronic for of ec(ea
foun# ore often in oen8 It is often !oca!i(e# in the
na$e of the nec4, !egs,genitoana! region, an#
forears8
• Eotiona! stress $!a% a ro!e in this con#ition8
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Strateg% for treatent of ec(ea
• In soe fors of ec(ea the $atient is
sensiti*e for a i#e *ariet% of agents, an#
thera$eutic entities a% aggra*ate a!rea#%
inf!ae# s4in8
• In contact #eratitis, #rug thera$% is
nee#e# for on!% a short tie +ecause
ith#raa! of a!!ergen or irritant
ae!iorates the con#ition
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T.EATMENT OF a!!ergic cotact
#eratitis
• To$ica! g!ucocorticoi#s
• Ora! antihistaines
• Co$resses
• To$ica! Eo!!ients
• Ora! anti+iotics
• Ora! g!ucocorticoi#s
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C=IL1=OO1 ECZEMA
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OTC $ro#ucts for ec(ea
• >- $rotestants (inc o"i#e $ast &!esser)an#
ointent
• ?- astringents soa4ing in so!ution of a!uinu
acetate re#uces the ee$ing for a !arge areas89athes of !oca! astringents co$resses&>-@G )
a fe tie #ai!% he!$ #r% the ee$ing areas8
More $otent astringents shou!# +e reser*e# unti!
er%thea! inf!aation of the acute $hasesu+si#es in or#er not aggra*ate the con#ition
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@- coo!ing agents to re#uce the e"tent of$ruritus8 In the acute $hases of ec(ea,
soothing !otions a$$!ie# as et co$resses are
he!$fu!8
- antihistaines ora!!% a#inistere# for their
se#ati*e an# anti$ruritis effects8
- antise$tics these are usefu! in infecti*e
#eratitis
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SUMMA.0
Dermatitis is a common ty/e of skin inflammation
There are many causes of dermatitis
Dermatitis disru/ts the normal functions of skin
Investiatin causes of dermatitis is as im/ortant as
usin dru thera/y
Traditional aents 1lucocorticoids antihistamines0
and newer aents 1TI"s0 are availa2le to treat this
condition
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Thank you