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ATOMIC THEORY – SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS A. History of the Atom 1. Dalton First to believe that elements are made up of extremely small particles called “atoms” 2. Thomson Discovered that atoms have negatively charged “electrons” 3. Rutherford proved that the atom has a tiny, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a “cloud” of negatively charged electrons. 4. Bohr Electrons “orbit” at fixed energy levels at a certain distance from the nucleus. B. Subatomic Particles and Average Atomic Mass: 1. Calculate the average atomic mass, given the data for the naturally occurring isotopes: 20 Ne (90.02%), 21 Ne (0.257%), 22 Ne (8.82%) 20 (0.9002) + 21 (0.00257) + 22 (0.0882) 18.004 + 0.05397 + 1.9404 = 20 g

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Page 1: ATOMIC THEORY – SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS - Keymsforero.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/6/3/46631417/atomic_theory... · 2.’Thomson’C’Discovered’thatatoms’have’negatively’charged’“electrons

ATOMIC  THEORY  –  SAMPLE  TEST  QUESTIONS    A.  History  of  the  Atom    

1.  Dalton  -­‐  First  to  believe  that  elements  are  made  up  of  extremely  small  particles  called  

“atoms”  

2.  Thomson  -­‐  Discovered  that  atoms  have  negatively  charged  “electrons”  

3.  Rutherford  proved  that  the  atom  has  a  tiny,  positively  charged  nucleus  surrounded  by  

a  “cloud”  of  negatively  charged  electrons.  

4.  Bohr  -­‐  Electrons  “orbit”  at  fixed  energy  levels  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  nucleus.  

 

B.    Sub-­‐atomic  Particles  and  Average  Atomic  Mass:  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.  Calculate  the  average  atomic  mass,  given  the  data  for  the  naturally  occurring  

isotopes:  20Ne  (90.02%),  21Ne  (0.257%),  22Ne  (8.82%)  

  20  (0.9002)  +  21  (0.00257)  +  22  (0.0882)  

  18.004  +  0.05397  +  1.9404  =  20  g  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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C.  Bohr  Diagrams  and  Energy  Level  Diagrams  

1.  Describe  the  three  rules  to  be  used  for  determining  electron  assignment:  

   i)  Aufbau  Principle:  Add  electrons  to  lowest  energy  level  first  

   ii)  Pauli  Exclusion  Principle:  Maximum  two  electrons  in  each  orbital  subshell  

   iii)  Hund’s  Rule:  Electrons  singly  occupy  orbitals,  as  2nd  electron  added  to  subshells  so  

that  each  electron  has  opposite  spin    

 

2.  Draw  a  Bohr  Diagram  AND  Energy  Level  Diagrams  for  the  following:  

a.  Ca               b.  F-­‐  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 3: ATOMIC THEORY – SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS - Keymsforero.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/6/3/46631417/atomic_theory... · 2.’Thomson’C’Discovered’thatatoms’have’negatively’charged’“electrons

D.  Electron  Configuration    

 1.  Write  ONE  rule  for  writing  the  electron  configuration  for  NEGATIVE  IONS  (anions):  

  Add  e-­‐  to  the  last  unfilled  subshell,  starting  where  the  neutral  atom  left  off  

2.    Write  TWO  rules  for  writing  the  electron  configuration  for  POSITIVE  IONS  (cations):  

  1.  E-­‐  in  the  outermost  shells  (largest  n  value)  are  removed  first  

2.  If  there  are  e-­‐  in  both  the  s  and  p  orbitals  of  the  outermost  shell,  the  e-­‐  in  the  p  

orbitals  are  removed  first  

p  before  s  before  d  

3.  The  electron  configuration  of  Cr  illustrates  an  exception  to  the  rule.  Describe  this  exception  and  why  it  exists.    

 Cr:  [Ar]  4s2  3d4  is  actually  [Ar]  4s1  3d5  

A  filled  or  exactly  half  filled  d-­‐subshell  is  especially  stable.  Because  of  this  extra  stability,  an  atom  or  ion  that  is  one  e-­‐  short  of  a  d5  or  d10  configuration  will  shift  an  e-­‐  from  the  s-­‐subshell  having  the  highest  energy  iinto  the  unfilled  d-­‐subshell.