atomic structure subatomic particles. whats in an atom? three main particles three main particles...

ATOMIC STRUCTUREATOMIC STRUCTURE

SUBATOMIC PARTICLESSUBATOMIC PARTICLES

WHATS IN AN ATOM?WHATS IN AN ATOM?

THREE MAIN PARTICLESTHREE MAIN PARTICLES PROTONSPROTONS NEUTRONSNEUTRONS ELECTRONSELECTRONS

WHERE WHERE ARE THEY?ARE THEY?

IN CENTER:IN CENTER:

- PROTONS- PROTONS

- NEUTRONS- NEUTRONS

ENERGY LEVELS ENERGY LEVELS SURROUNDING SURROUNDING CENTERCENTER

- ELECTRONS- ELECTRONS

WHAT’S THIS LOOK LIKE?WHAT’S THIS LOOK LIKE?

HOW DO MASSES HOW DO MASSES COMPARE?COMPARE?MEASURED IN MEASURED IN AMUAMU’s. (this stands for ’s. (this stands for

atomic mass units)atomic mass units)1 AMU = the mass of 1 proton or 1 1 AMU = the mass of 1 proton or 1

neutronneutron

Proton = 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 Proton = 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 -24-24 grams gramsNeutron = 1 amu or 1.675 x 10Neutron = 1 amu or 1.675 x 10-24-24 grams gramsElectrons = 0 amu or 9.11 x 10Electrons = 0 amu or 9.11 x 10-28-28 grams grams

Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the mass of either the proton or neutronmass of either the proton or neutron

What are their electrical What are their electrical charges?charges?

ProtonProton + (positive 1)+ (positive 1)

ElectronElectron - (negative 1)- (negative 1)

NeutronNeutron 0 (neutral)0 (neutral)

Which particles are Which particles are fundamental?fundamental?

Electrons are fundamental (small as Electrons are fundamental (small as they go)they go)

Protons and neutrons are NOTProtons and neutrons are NOT These are composed of smaller These are composed of smaller

particles called QUARKSparticles called QUARKS what are quarks?what are quarks?

HOW DO QUARKS WORK?HOW DO QUARKS WORK?

PROTONS = 2 UP QUARKS (+2/3, PROTONS = 2 UP QUARKS (+2/3, +2/3)+2/3)

1 DOWN QUARK (-1/3)1 DOWN QUARK (-1/3)

WHAT DOES THIS ADD UP TO?WHAT DOES THIS ADD UP TO?

You guessed it! +1You guessed it! +1

How do quarks work?How do quarks work?

Neutrons = 2 down quarks (-1/3, -Neutrons = 2 down quarks (-1/3, -1/3)1/3)

1 up quark (+ 2/3)1 up quark (+ 2/3)

What does this add up to?What does this add up to?

You guessed it! 0You guessed it! 0

WHAT FORCES ARE IN THE WHAT FORCES ARE IN THE ATOM?ATOM?

Remember “Fantastic Four”Remember “Fantastic Four”

4 Forces in the atom

ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCEELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE

A force that combines the effects A force that combines the effects of electrical charge and magnetism. of electrical charge and magnetism. This force can either This force can either attract or repelattract or repel the particles on which it acts. the particles on which it acts. Oppositely charged particles attract Oppositely charged particles attract each other, while like particles repel each other, while like particles repel one another. Electrons are kept in one another. Electrons are kept in the orbit around the nucleus by the the orbit around the nucleus by the electromagnetic force, because the electromagnetic force, because the nucleus in the center of the atom is nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.negatively charged electrons.

Electromagnetic Force•Likes-repel•Opposites-attract•This force keeps electrons In orbit•Acts upon the proton and Electron.

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCESTRONG NUCLEAR FORCE

PROTONS PUSH AWAY FROM ONE PROTONS PUSH AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER BECAUSE OF THE ANOTHER BECAUSE OF THE REPELING ELECTROMAGNETIC REPELING ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE. A NUCLEUS CONTAINING FORCE. A NUCLEUS CONTAINING TWO OR MORE PROTONS WOULD TWO OR MORE PROTONS WOULD FLY APART IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE FLY APART IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE STRONG FORCE. STRONG FORCE.

Like ”glue” the strong force keeps the Like ”glue” the strong force keeps the protons together to form the protons together to form the nucleus. The strong forces and nucleus. The strong forces and electromagnetic forces both hold electromagnetic forces both hold the atom togetherthe atom together

STRONG FORCE•Holds protons to the Neutrons in the nucleus•Overcomes the electromagnectic force•Acts on proton and neutron

GRAVITATIONAL FORCEGRAVITATIONAL FORCE

THIS FORCE ACTS ON ALL OBJECTS THIS FORCE ACTS ON ALL OBJECTS AT ALL TIMES. THE AMOUNT OF AT ALL TIMES. THE AMOUNT OF GRAVITY BETWEEN OBJECTS GRAVITY BETWEEN OBJECTS DEPENDS ON THEIR MASSES AND DEPENDS ON THEIR MASSES AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE OBJECTS. GRAVITY FORCE IS VERY OBJECTS. GRAVITY FORCE IS VERY SMALL WITHIN ATOMS BECAUSE THE SMALL WITHIN ATOMS BECAUSE THE PARTICLES IN ATOMS ARE SO SMALL.PARTICLES IN ATOMS ARE SO SMALL.

Gravitational ForceGravitational ForceForce that attracts Force that attracts the atom to the the atom to the center of the earth. center of the earth.

Very Small Very Small

WEAK FORCEWEAK FORCE

Weak forces are important Weak forces are important because they are responsible for because they are responsible for stabilizing particles through the stabilizing particles through the process of process of radioactive decayradioactive decay, , in which a neutron in the nucleus in which a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton and an changes into a proton and an electronelectron. .

WEAK FORCEWEAK FORCE Causes radioactive Causes radioactive decaydecay

Neutrons deteriorateNeutrons deteriorate

(break down into proton(break down into proton

and electron.)and electron.)

PUT THE 4 FORCESIN CORRECT ORDERFROM STRONGEST toWEAKEST

StrongElectromagneticWeakGravitational

atomic structure subatomic particles. whats in an atom? three main particles three main particles...

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