atmospheric composition observation of cma and its
TRANSCRIPT
Atmospheric Composition Observation of
CMA and its Contributions
China Meteorological Administration
Xiaochun Zhang
Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services of CMA (CAWAS)
CMA Meteorological Observation Center (MOC,CMA)
25 Sep. 2017,Hangzhou
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
The Global Warming Issues
Drought Flood SDS
High Temp.
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Human Influence has been Dominant Cause of Warming since the Mid-20th Century
IPCC AR5: Synthesis Report
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Radiative Forcing of climate between 1750-2011
IPCC AR5: Synthesis Report
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Atmospheric Composition matters to Climate,
Weather, Air Quality, Human Health,and more
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
WMO-Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW)
• GAW(1989) = GO3OS (1957) + BAPMoN (1968)
• To understand and control the increasing influence of human activity on the global
atmosphere.
• Clearly linking to the plans of national, regional, and international observing projects,
programs, systems and strategies, e.g.
• WIGOS, GMES, GEOSS, UNFCCC, GCOS, CLRTAP, IPCC,……
6 Groups of Variables
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
WMO/GAW Observational Network
• Global stations:31
• Regional stations: >400
• Contributing stations: >100
GAWSIS, http://gawsis.meteoswiss.ch
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Outline
1. Background
2. CMA GAW History and Networks
3. Major Contributions
4. Future Plan
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Development Stages of CMA-GAW Observation Networks Main Frame of CMA Atmospheric Composition Networks
• 1st Stage (1982 – 1994): Building Period,3 Regional-GAW
• 2nd Stage(1995 - 2002): Stable-Running Period,1Global +3 Regional
• 3rd Stage: (2003 - now): Rapid Development Period 3 New Regional
LFS,1991
SDZ,1981
LAN,1983
JSH,2007 XGLL,2006
AKDL,2006
WLG,1994
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
In 2005-2006, Four CMA-GAW Upgraded to National Atmosphere Watch and Research Station
• Based on CCOS
• 14 Key Regions
• Founded By MOST
ShangDianZi
LinAn
LongFengShan
WaLiGuan
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW): Strategic Plan and Implementation Plan
OZONE
Greenhouse Gases
Reactive Gases
Atmospheric Wet Deposition
Ancillary Variables
GURME Project
Outreach
UV Radiation
Aerosols
Atmospheric Composition Observation Networks in CMA
Since 1980
– 1 Global GAW Station
– 6 Regional GAW Stations
– 28 CAWN Stations
– 29 SDS Stations
– 332 PM10+327 PM2.5 +158 PM1
– 376 Acid Rain Stations
– 3 SDS Station CMA-NAMEM
能见度仪 BREWER(O3总量)
CMA-GAW Measurements in Networks
Greenhouse Gases
Aerosols
Reactive Gases
Ozone
Radiation
Dry and Wet Deposition
Air Negative Ions
Surface Meteorology
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Developing the Environmental Meteorology Busineses of CMA
Observation is Foundation • Network Design, Construction and improvement, Capability Develop, data
collection and NRT transfer,Watching and Warning
• QA/QC, SOP,Data Analysis and Application, Products and Services, etc.
Forecast and Warning
is the key • Improving the Accuracy of Weather
Forecast and Climate Prediction
• SDS、Haze、Air Quality、 Heavy
Pollution,Photo-Chemical Smog
• Improving the Model of Forecast and
Early Warning, NRT Transfer, Data
Assimilation, etc.
Demand Leading
Service - Orientation • Climate change, Disaster prevention and mitigation, human health
• Decision making,public and professional services, Emergency response and service
• The Social Focus, Environmental and Meteorological events, major events;
• Research: Mechanism, transport and transformation, impact assessment.
• Climate, environment, health and ecological effect, etc.
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Formed Mechanism of Operation and Management in Three Levels
National
Provincial Station
Design, Plan, IP
Maintenance, Calibration
Backup and Tech-Support
Data Watch and Warning
Data Transfer
Products and Services
Routine Operation, management
Daily/Weekly/Monthly/Yearly check
Maintenance, Insitu-Calibration,
Sampling, Data Collection,
QA/QC, Data Analysis
Products
Design, Plan, SOP,Regulation
Technical Support
Maintenance, Calibration,
Advanced Audit
Software developing
Training and communication
QA/QC, Data Analysis,
Products and services
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Spatial Variation Model Verification
Re-Analysis and Data Assimilation
Data Processing Evaluation and
Assessment
Effect Assessment
Professional
Decision
Calibration
Publics
Climate Change
Observation Maintenance Data
Collection
Monitoring and
Alarming LAB
Data Transfer
QA/QC Operation Monitoring
NRT and grading Quality Control
Atmospheric Composition Observation
Forecast Services
Established a Business Operation Flow and Process
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Developing Specification and Standards
• Specification, Guideline
• Instruments Operation Manual, 46 Vols
• Standard Operation Procedure (SOP)
• National Standards: 14
• Meteorological Industry Standards: 38
• Technical and Management Documents
CMA-GAWs’ Environment
Protected by Law
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Developing Routine Business Activites
Operation Monitoring Near Real Time
Quality Control
Instruments
Audit
Samples
Analysis
Training
Standards Gases
Calibration
Instrument Calibration Quality Assesment
Data Collection
Data Transfer Station Observation
Air Sampling
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Buildup the Calibration System: Trace back to WMO Standards
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
GHGs/REGs International STD Transfer
WMO-GHGs Round-Robin Activities
Precipitation Chemistry International Comparison
BREWER International Calibration
Sun-Photometer International Calibration
Aethalometer、Nephelometer International Comparison
WMO-GAW Meeting, Workshop, Forum,…..
WMO-GAW Data Submit and Sharing
GHGs, Surface O3, TOZ, Precipitation Chemistry
WMO-GAW System Audit
GAWTEC Training
…… …… etc.
Fully Participate in WMO-GAW Activities
WLG + LAN : Compatibility goals
MOC : Extended compatibility goals
MOC, WLG-Picarro, WLG-GC, LAN-Picarro ,
LAN-GC Compatibility goals.
GAW Observation System Audit Results Within Compatibility Goals
CO2
CH4
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre 25
MOC, WLG-Picarro, WLG –
GC,LAN-Picarro: Extended
compatibility goals.
LAN-GC: less good results.
CO
WLG and LAN were entirely within the extended compatibility goals.
MOC are not yet available.
The results are better (within the compatibility goals for the actual relevant mole fraction range.
MOC, WLG and LAN were either
within compatibility goals or
just slightly outside the goal.
The higher results for some
analyzers are consistent with the
old MOC calibrator, which also is
slightly higher compared to WCC-
Empa.
The Whole Traceability Chain is Working.
N2O O3
Station Observation System Audit Results Within Compatibility Goals
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Aerosol Optical Depth Calibration System of CMA Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET)
WLG GAW station
CARSNET master T631
CIMEL
PFR
Lingshan Moutain Cal. Site MOC-CAMS Cal. Site
-0.01
-0.008
-0.006
-0.004
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
6-16-09 6-17-09 6-18-09 6-19-09 6-20-09 6-21-09 6-22-09 6-23-09
1020nm
870nm
670nm
440nm
500nm
380nm
340nm
-0.01
-0.008
-0.006
-0.004
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
23:06:25
0:42:25
1:14:26
2:14:26
2:48:26
3:18:27
3:54:27
4:32:27
5:14:27
0:32:26
2:46:26
5:04:27
6:12:26
7:46:25
23:36:25
1:50:21
2:30:27
0:54:26
1:38:26
6:44:26
1020nm
870nm
670nm
440nm
500nm
380nm
340nm
249 Meas.
Che et al., 2009, JGR
Diff. of AOD values between the Master and the Standard
Diff. of AOD Less than 0.01
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Calibration with NIST or International Standards
-25.0%
-20.0%
-15.0%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%C
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
O
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
SO
2S
O2
SO
2S
O2
SO
2S
O2
SO
2S
O2
SO
2S
O2
SO
2
与标
准的
偏差
Reactive Gases
NIST STD:NO,SO2, CO
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Dif
fere
nc
e p
erc
en
tag
e f
ro
m s
tan
da
rd
#0
17
Before calibration
After Calibration
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-4
-2
0
2
4
Dif
fere
nc
e p
erc
en
tag
e f
ro
m s
tan
da
rd
#0
17
Before calibration
After CalibrationBrewer#077 Brewer#076
Total Column Ozone Total Column Ozone
Diff % < 2%
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Results of WMO–GAW Acid Rain Performance
Survey 1999 - 2007.
Audit Results Within Compatibility Goals WMO/GAW Inter-Laboratory Comparison Studies and CMA Acid Rain Network Blind Sample Examination
• QA-SAC, WMO/GAW
• 3 Results Levels:
Good(25%-75%)
Satisfactory(Median± Sigma)
Meet DQO
• 55th: Total 87 Labs, 4 of Top 10
• 56th: Total 89 Labs, 7 of Top 10 30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
国家级酸雨站样品pH值测量考核成绩
不合格
合格
优秀
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
国家级酸雨站样品K值测量考核成绩
不合格
合格
优秀
• GOOD - Green Hexagon
• SATISFACTORY - Blue Trapezoid
• UNSATISFACTORY - Red Triangle
• DETECTION LIMIT - Open Circle
Blind Sample Examination
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
CMA-GAW Observation Results: GHGs
2009-2010年中国4个本底站大气CO2月平均本底浓度变化
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
20
08年
10月
20
08年
12月
20
09年
2月
20
09年
3月
20
09年
5月
20
09年
7月
20
09年
8月
20
09年
10月
20
09年
12月
20
10年
1月
20
10年
3月
20
10年
5月
20
10年
6月
20
10年
8月
20
10年
9月
20
10年
11月
20
11年
1月
20
11年
2月
日期(年-月)大
气C
O2浓
度 (
pp
m)
临安
龙凤山
上甸子
瓦里关80米
Seasonal
Daily
373
376
379
382
385
388
391
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
年份
大气CO2年
均浓
度(ppm)
GlobalNHSHMLOWLG
172017401760178018001820184018601880
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
年份
大气CH4年
均浓
度(ppb)
GlobalNHSHMLOWLG
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010年份
大气N2O年
均浓
度(ppb)
GlobalNHSHMLOWLG
5.25.45.65.86
6.26.46.66.87
7.27.4
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
年份
大气SF6年均浓度(ppt)
GlobalNHSHMLOWLG
CO2 CH4
N2O SF6
-9.0
-8.8
-8.6
-8.4
-8.2
-8.0
-7.8
-7.6
-7.4
-7.2
-7.0
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
大气
CO
2中δ
13C
月平
均值(‰
)
大气
CO
2月
平均
本底
浓度
(pp
m)
年
中国气象局-青海瓦里关全球本底台
大气二氧化碳浓度及其碳稳定同位素月平均值变化
系列1
美国MLO站大气CO2每周采样分析
中国瓦里关大气CO2中13C每周采样分析
美国MLO站大气CO2中13C每周采样分析
中国瓦里关大气CO2每周采样分析
美国MLO站大气CO2每周采样分析
中国瓦里关大气CO2中δ13C每周采样分析
美国MLO站大气CO2中δ13C每周采样分析
From Research of Zhou lx, Fang sx, Liu lx, Yao bo, etc.
CFCs Observation from SDZ:
China Achieved Great Effects
on Emission Reduction
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
CMA Press Conference of China Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
Globalview NOAA-ESRL
Since 2006 Since 2012
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report : Surface O3
WLG
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Ground-based Aerosol Climatology of China Aerosol Optical Depths from CARSNET
H. Che et al,ACP, 2015; AE, 2011
WLG=3IZA=7MLO
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Deep Understand of PM2.5 over China
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
阿克达拉
榆林
锡林浩特
固城
拉萨
成都
郑州
西安
金沙
桂林
庐山
南宁
番禺
常德
鞍山
沈阳
本溪
抚顺
东滩
四平
赤峰
丹东
青岛
二连浩特
μg m
-3
PM10
PM2.5
PM1
EPA
Europe
CEPA
Air Quality of PM2.5 Annual Avg. USA:15μg m-3
Europen:20μg m-3
China:35 μg m-3
Recent 5 Years average
X.Y Zhang, 2015;Science Bulletin
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Bulletins, Reports and Documents
CMA-GAW Data Serve to all kinds of Projects
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Special Honour and Award
Chinese Meteorological
Society
Meteorological Science and
Technology Progress Award
Atmospheric Science Basic
Research Achievement Award
Chinese Meteorological
Society
First Prize First Prize
CAWAS + WLG
Advanced Collective
By MOST
Advanced Collective For Major meteorological services
By CMA
CGAWBO (Waliguan )
The Award in Meteorological Science
By Zhou Guang Zhao Foundation
5 Peoples
Advanced Individual
By MOST
中国气象局气象探测中心
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
Outline
1. Background
2. CMA GAW History and Networks
3. Major Contributions
4. Future Plan
Future: More Challenge, More Chance
• Enhance the monitoring Capability of Network
• Improving the Accuracy of Weather Forecast and Climate
Prediction
• Build up the Professional Service System
Acknowledgement
黑龙江龙凤山区域大气本底站
北京上甸子 区域大气本底站
浙江临安 区域大气本底站
青海瓦里关 全球大气本底站
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
• WMO-CAS, SBS, CCL,CIMO
• WMO-GAW, GCOS, GUME, WIGOS
• Ministry Of Science and Technology of P.R. China (MOST)
• China Meteorological Administration (CMA)
• China Climate Observation System (CCOS)
• Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS)
• National Climate Center (NCS)
• National Meteorological Center (NMC)
• National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC)
• National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC)
• Provincial Meteorological Bureaus and Stations
• Meteorological Observation Center of CMA
• …… …… ……
• …… …… ……