atmosphere conference 2015: taming the modern datacenter
TRANSCRIPT
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TAMING THE MODERN DATA CENTERA Hybrid Talk for a Hybrid World
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SETH VARGO @sethvargo
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DC EVOLUTION How did we get here?
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC
VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VM
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC
VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VMC C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC DNS
Database
CDN
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC-01 DC-02
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC-01 DC-02
VM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VMC C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
IaaS PaaS SaaS
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
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TAMING THE DC Deployment + Maintenance
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PREVIOUSLY The APUD cycle
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
G’UVENDOR
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
G U’U ’UVENDOR DC OPS
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
G U’U ’U U’UVENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
G U’U ’U U’U U’UVENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS
WEEKS DAYS DAYS DAYSc c c c
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PRESENTLY The elasBc compute and _aaS era
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
WEEKS DAYS DAYS DAYSc c c c
ElasBc Compute
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
WEEKS DAYS DAYS DAYSc c c c
ElasBc Compute
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
MINUTES DAYS DAYS SECONDSc c c c
ElasBc Compute
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CapEx#
OpEx#
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_aaS
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
DAYS DAYSc c
ConfiguraBon Management
MINUTES SECONDSc c
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
DAYS DAYSc c
ConfiguraBon Management
MINUTES SECONDSc c
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
MINUTES SECONDSc c
ConfiguraBon Management
MINUTES SECONDSc c
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ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
SaaS ProliferaBon
ACQUIRE PROVISION UPDATE DESTROY
https://specialized.com
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RISING DATACENTER COMPLEXITY
DC DNS
Database
CDNVM
VMVM
VM VM
VMVM
VMC C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
C C
C CC C
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WHY? What was our original goal?
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EFFECTIVELY DELIVER AND MAINTAIN APPLICATIONS
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MOVE FAST AND DON’T BREAK THINGS
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h-ps://d250n10lsq5j8r.cloudfront.net/assets/atlas/runAme-‐develop-‐icon-‐color-‐
ebf4ccf5f2ca3513e495bccbe9320d45.png
Consistent
Shareable
Readily Available
High production parity
h-ps://d250n10lsq5j8r.cloudfront.net/assets/atlas/runAme-‐
deploy-‐icon-‐color-‐1c39f618b3b5ead204
dda4646bb2410e.pngStart and configure servers / services
Deploy and run application
Update servers or applications
Reconfigure, feature flag
Monitor health
Orchestrate complex changes
DEVELOP DEPLOY MAINTAIN
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h-ps://d250n10lsq5j8r.cloudfront.net/assets/atlas/runAme-‐develop-‐icon-‐color-‐
ebf4ccf5f2ca3513e495bccbe9320d45.png
h-ps://d250n10lsq5j8r.cloudfront.net/assets/atlas/runAme-‐
deploy-‐icon-‐color-‐1c39f618b3b5ead204
dda4646bb2410e.png
DEVELOP DEPLOY MAINTAIN
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TERRAFORMBuild, Combine, and Launch Infrastructure
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MOTIVATION Why Terraform?
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How do I provision resources? compute? storage? network?
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How do I manage resource lifecycles?
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How do I balance service providers providing core technology for my datacenter?
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How do I enforce policy across all these resources?
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How do I automate and share those configuraBons?
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TERRAFORM'S GOAL
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PROVIDE A SINGLE WORKFLOW
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WITH A UNIFIED VIEW
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USING INFRASTRUCTURE AS CODE
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THAT CAN BE ITERATED AND CHANGED SAFELY
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CAPABLE OF COMPLEX N-TIER APPLICATIONS
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DIGITAL OCEAN DROPLET WITH DNS USING DNS SIMPLE
resource "digitalocean_droplet" "web" { name = "tf-web" size = "512mb" image = "centos-5-8-x32" region = "sfo1"} resource "dnsimple_record" "hello" { domain = "example.com" name = "test" value = "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}" type = "A"}
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DIGITAL OCEAN DROPLET WITH DNS USING DNS SIMPLE
resource "digitalocean_droplet" "web" { name = "tf-web" size = "512mb" image = "centos-5-8-x32" region = "sfo1"} resource "dnsimple_record" "hello" { domain = "example.com" name = "test" value = "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}" type = "A"}
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DIGITAL OCEAN DROPLET WITH DNS USING DNS SIMPLE
resource "digitalocean_droplet" "web" { name = "tf-web" size = "512mb" image = "centos-5-8-x32" region = "sfo1"} resource "dnsimple_record" "hello" { domain = "example.com" name = "test" value = "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}" type = "A"}
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DIGITAL OCEAN DROPLET WITH DNS USING DNS SIMPLE
resource "digitalocean_droplet" "web" { name = "tf-web" size = "512mb" image = "centos-5-8-x32" region = "sfo1"} resource "dnsimple_record" "hello" { domain = "example.com" name = "test" value = "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}" type = "A"}
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HUMAN-FRIENDLY CONFIG*
* JSON-COMPATIBLE FOR NON-HUMANS
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VCS-FRIENDLY FORMAT
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ENTIRE INFRASTRUCTURE... IN A SINGLE TEXT FILE
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TERRAFORM GRAPH
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COMPOSE N-TIERS / PROVIDERS
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TERRAFORM PROVIDERS
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SINGLE INTEGRATION POINT
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EXPOSE ("PROVIDE") A RESOURCE
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EXPOSE ("PROVIDE") A RESOURCE
aws_instance
dnssimple_record
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CRUD API
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PLUGGABLE FOR INTEGRATIONS
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C C C
C C C
VM VM VM
IAAS (OpenStack, etc)
PHYSICAL
"LAYER CAKE"
PROVIDER PER LAYER
UNIFIED CONFIGURATION
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$ terraform apply
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All logos and trademarks are copyright their respective owners
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TERRAFORM PLAN
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$ terraform plan
+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>"
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$ terraform plan
+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>"
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$ terraform plan
+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>"
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$ terraform plan
+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>"
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+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>" type: "" => "A" value: "" => "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}"
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+ digitalocean_droplet.web backups: "" => "<computed>" image: "" => "centos-5-8-x32" ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>" ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "tf-web" private_networking: "" => "<computed>" region: "" => "sfo1" size: "" => "512mb" status: "" => "<computed>"
+ dnsimple_record.hello domain: "" => "example.com" domain_id: "" => "<computed>" hostname: "" => "<computed>" name: "" => "test" priority: "" => "<computed>" ttl: "" => "<computed>" type: "" => "A" value: "" => "${digitalocean_droplet.web.ipv4_address}"
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SHOWS YOU WHAT WILL HAPPEN
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EXPLAINS CERTAIN ACTIONS
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PREVIOUSLY?
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STILL UNCERTAINTY…
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FUTURE OPS Managing tomorrow’s infrastructure
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DEPLOY IMMUTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
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CHANGES
CO
NF
IDE
NC
EMutable Infrastructure
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INTERATIONS
CO
NSI
STE
NC
YMutable Infrastructure
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INTERATIONS
CO
NSI
STE
NC
YImmutable Infrastructure
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IMMUTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE IS FASTER
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IMMUTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE ALLOWS FOR GREATER PARITY
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IMMUTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS AUTOMATION
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PACKERAutomated Golden Images (and more)
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MACHINE IMAGES
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YUCK… IMAGES?
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WHY HAVE WE BEEN GENERALLY AGAINST MACHINE IMAGES?
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GOLDEN IMAGES USED TO BE THE WAY
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QUARTERLY, UNCHANGED, AND BLESSED IMAGE
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CHANGES WERE SLOW AND FRUSTRATING
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TOOLING WAS NOT MATURE COMPARED TO TODAY
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MODERN CONFIG MANAGEMENT CHANGED THAT
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OPS WITHOUT MACHINE IMAGES IS LIKE APPLICATIONS WITHOUT BINARIES
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ApplicaBon Lifecycle
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Source Code Binary
ApplicaBon Lifecycle
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Source Code Binary
libA 1.0 libB 1.0 libC 1.0
ApplicaBon Lifecycle
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Source Code Binary
libA 2.0 libB 1.0 libC 1.0
ApplicaBon Lifecycle
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Source Code Failure
libA 2.0 libB 1.0 libC 1.0
ApplicaBon Lifecycle
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Mutable Server Lifecycle
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New Server Ready Server
Mutable Server Lifecycle
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New Server Ready Server
Packages Network CM Changes
Mutable Server Lifecycle
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New Server
Network CM ChangesPackage Changes
Mutable Server Lifecycle
Ready Server
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New Server
Network CM ChangesPackage Changes
Failure
Mutable Server Lifecycle
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New Server
Packages CM ChangesNetwork Unreliable
Failure
Mutable Server Lifecycle
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New Server
Packages Network CM Changed
Failure
Mutable Server Lifecycle
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Machine Image Lifecycle
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New Server Ready Server
Machine Image Lifecycle
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New Server Ready Server
Machine Image Lifecycle
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PACKER BUILD
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EMBRACES CONFIG MANAGEMENT
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TRANSITIONS FAILURES FROM RUN-TIME TO BUILD-TIME
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ENFORCES PARITY WITH STAGING
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… AND EVEN DE ELOPMENT
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WHAT DOES THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE?
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
M
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
U
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
U
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AMI
DNS
Load Balancer
Deploy
OPE
RAT
OR
SD
EVEL
OPE
RS
[]
PRODUCTION
MU
U
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SETH VARGO @sethvargo
QUESTIONS?