atmosphere application questions check your answers as we discuss
TRANSCRIPT
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ATMOSPHERE APPLICATION QUESTIONSCHECK YOUR ANSWERS AS WE DISCUSS
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Altitude SicknessAltitude Sickness• As altitude increases, there is
less air above you (less mass)
• Less mass means less density (molecules are farther apart)
• Air is only 21% oxygen
• Less density means less oxygen
• Less oxygen leads to death of cells, tissues, and organs
• Symptoms include headache, dizziness, fatigue and vomiting
• Airlines pump additional oxygen into their planes to avoid this while people fly
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High–Altitude TrainingHigh–Altitude Training• As altitude increases, there is less oxygen (more
oxygen at low altitudes)
• Cell respiration uses oxygen to burn sugar to create energy to run the cells (muscle cells use a lot of oxygen to make a lot of energy)
• Red blood cells carry oxygen on a molecule called hemoglobin.
• People who train at high altitudes make more red blood cells over time (usually takes a minimum of 4 weeks).
• When they return to lower altitudes, they can work their muscles harder and longer without getting tired due to the extra oxygen.
• The benefits can last for up to 2 or 3 weeks.
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Airplane Max Altitude - 1Airplane Max Altitude - 1
• As altitude increases, there is less air above you (less mass)
• Less mass means less air pressure (less force because force = mass x acceleration)
• Plane wings need high pressure under the wing and low pressure above the wing to provide lift (unbalanced forces cause objects to move)
• At high enough altitudes, the air pressure is not high enough to keep the plane in the air.
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Airplane Max Altitude - 2Airplane Max Altitude - 2
• As altitude increases, there is less air above you (less mass)
• Less mass means less density (molecules are farther apart)
• Air is only 21% oxygen
• Less density means less oxygen
• The burning of fuel (or any material) requires oxygen
• At high enough altitudes, there is not enough oxygen in the air to keep the plane engines running
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Airplane Altitude BenefitAirplane Altitude Benefit
• As altitude increases, there is less air above you (less mass)
• Less mass means less density (molecules are farther apart)
• Friction is caused by objects colliding with molecules of air
• Friction slows objects down & doesn’t let them travel as far
• In order to overcome friction, planes must use more fuel
• Flying at higher altitudes, in thinner air, uses less fuel
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Deep Sea Diving – Going downDeep Sea Diving – Going down
• Density and pressure decrease as altitude increases (due to the lower mass of air above you)
• Diving under water adds a column of water to the column of air above you
• The deeper you dive, the more the pressure and density of your environment increase (more mass above you)
• Submarines, submersibles, and scuba tanks are pressurized in order to avoid crushing under the additional pressure
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Effects of Pressure on the BodyEffects of Pressure on the Body
• Pressure is a force
• Unbalanced forces cause objects to move
• Pressure decreases as altitude increases (less mass above you)
• Pressure increases as depth below water increases (more mass above you)
• The body has its own internal pressure that must be maintained (ears popping is one way this happens)
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Deep Sea Diving – coming upDeep Sea Diving – coming up
• Returning to the surface too fast causes pressure to drop faster than the body can keep up with.
• Gases (mainly nitrogen) bubble out of solution and gather in joints and organs.
• Condition commonly called decompression sickness.
• Symptoms include joint pain, numbness in arms and legs, difficulty breathing, fatigue and dizziness.
• In order to avoid this, divers usually come back to the surface in stages (just like people climb mountains in stages to avoid altitude sickness).