http://www.atmaindia.org/markettrend.htm

TOTAL TYRE PRODUCTION IN INDIAF.Y. 1997 - 98 T0 2010 - 11

CATEGORY 1997 - 98 1998 - 99 1999 - 2000 2000 - 01 2001 - 02

Truck & Bus 8095 7913 8969 8612 8474Passenger Car 4263 4571 6054 6813 7481Jeep 1342 1247 1283 1155 1247Light Comml. Veh. (L.C.V.) 1903 1917 1980 2108 2352Tractor Front 1075 1085 1203 1186 1150Tractor Rear 785 839 903 852 785Tractor Trailer 214 223 295 277 320A.D.V. 528 593 589 511 488Scooter 9577 10975 10140 9385 8547Motor Cycle 5582 7277 9275 11196 12275Moped 400 234 516 119 135Industrial 143 137 172 219 214O.T.R. 37 37 36 38 46Aero 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 33907 37048 41415 42471 43514

CATEGORY 2004 - 05 2005 - 06 2006 - 07 2007 - 08 2008 - 09

Truck & Bus 11092 11941 12367 13137 12839Passenger Car 11862 13605 14264 16437 16571Jeep 1462 1272 1368 1467 1469Light Comml. Veh. (L.C.V.) 3945 4529 4820 5320 5298Tractor Front 1311 1383 1754 1814 1842Tractor Rear 1096 1134 1296 1234 1315Tractor Trailer 408 596 823 886 758A.D.V. 197 325 381 409 281Scooter 9992 9519 9643 11604 10882Motor Cycle 18127 21053 26079 27921 30148Moped 124 55 0* 0* 0Industrial 377 514 635 733 568O.T.R. 89 106 115 141 136Aero 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 60082 66032 73545 81103 82107*wef April 2006 Moped tyre production included in Scooter Category

F.Y. 1997 - 98 T0 2010 - 11

CATEGORY 1997 - 98 1998 - 99 1999 - 2000 2000 - 01 2001 - 02

Truck & Bus 6053 6781 7382 7465 7291Passenger Car 3518 3563 3949 4322 4277Jeep 1153 1133 1046 939 972Light Comm. Veh. (L.C.V.) 1422 1416 1614 1758 1853

1088 1221 1259 1108 925A.D.V. 234 295 268 259 216

5369 6903 5753 5531 5122Motor Cycle 5272 6507 7771 9772 11372

(In 000 Nos.)

TOTAL TUBE PRODUCTION IN INDIA(In 000 Nos.)

Tractor 

Scooter 

Moped 204 224 564 223 151Industrial 42 29 33 48 61O.T.R. 8 9 12 9 13Aero 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 24817 28081 29651 31434 32235

CATEGORY 2004 - 05 2005 - 06 2006 - 07 2007 - 08 2008 - 09

Truck & Bus 9439 10522 11257 12016 11911Passenger Car 5947 6990 8509 11490 10773Jeep 1040 1066 1132 1416 1411Light Comm. Veh. (L.C.V.) 3100 3775 4156 4147 4213

1053 1232 1425 1443 1334A.D.V. 140 165 213 181 184

6439 7044 7461 9128 8242Motor Cycle 18671 22263 28067 30817 31526Moped 347 227 0* 0* 0Industrial 71 99 108 112 79O.T.R. 26 38 48 60 60Aero 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 46273 53421 62376 70810 69733

Tractor 

Scooter 

2002 - 03 2003 - 04

9863 108218544 99591384 14402844 32711125 1148825 842470 415456 2959875 9274

15654 16688185 168309 29551 740 0

515585 54690

2009 - 10 2010 - 11

14811 1566820047 262011402 15005739 60292386 25951634 1777903 1051294 311

13558 2014035664 43118

0 0538 616161 191

0 097137 119197

2002 - 03 2003 - 04

7982 88514762 53311038 10562147 2633835 907231 1875750 5624

13978 15415

176 27065 5015 190 0

36979 40342

2009 - 10 2010 - 1114142 149909922 91271430 17464912 52321970 2006235 198

11610 1632137095 43156

0 064 7468 970 0

81448 92947

Categorywise Tyre Production in IndiaFinancial Year 2010-11 - 2011-12 ( April-September)

(In Lakh Nos.)Tyres for: 2010-11 2011-12 % Change

Truck & Bus 76.08 77.99 3Passenger Car 124.46 134.19 7Jeep 7.63 7.47 -2Light Commercial Vehicle 28.4 34 20Tractor Front 13.88 14.19 2Tractor Rear 9.18 9.73 6Tractor Trailer 4.64 4.6 -1Animal Drawn Vehicle 1.3 1.31 1Scooter / Moped 91.61 109.8 20Motor Cycle 209.91 229.31 9Industrial 3 3.36 12Off the Road (OTR) 0.91 0.98 8

Total 572 626.93 10

Categorywise Export of TyresFinancial Year 2010-11 - 2011-12 ( April-September)

(in Nos.)

Category 2010-11 2011-12 % Change

Truck & Bus 875496 1107857 27Passenger Car 521491 731674 40Jeep 43857 41267 -6Light Commercial Vehicle 646955 836916 29Tractor Front 4119 7598 84Tractor Rear 17349 14096 -19Tractor Trailer 850 898 6Motor Cycle 370622 419037 13Scooter(2/3 wheeler) 279909 402037 44Implements 47607 62133 31Industrial 54903 52785 -4OTR 56483 109876 95

Total 2919641 3786174 30

         

Export Realisation/Value

Year % Change CAGR

1999-00 864 7 15%

2000-01 1190 382001-02 1100 (-)82002-03 1250 142003-04 1460 172004-05 1834 262005-06 2383 292006-07 2850 202007-08 3100 92008-09 3585 16

2009-10 36252877

CATEGORY 2003 - 04 2004 - 05 2005 - 06 2006 - 07 2007 - 08 2008 - 09

Truck & Bus 223155 2503956 2408759 2276049 2431545 1933959Passenger Car 591494 1024561 1052874 966046 1091715 991558Jeep 220 391 885 1420 7461 10263Light Commercial Vehicle 962972 1130908 1390814 1599230 1621880 1630483Tractor Front 18990 18202 13408 11078 17072 13051Tractor Rear 89758 84684 98807 56186 66644 46347Tractor Trailer 1448 3686 3833 8665 17468 20067Motor Cycle 47333 62710 84908 151677 322630 453226ADV 0 0 0 0 30 0Scooter 120725 202656 289984 320536 45338 435778Implements 6558 2096 2447 4045 5637 9962Industrial 10702 9885 7303 11543 12777 7605OTR 21168 23375 33480 43085 45919 36774Antique 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTAL 4102923 5067038 5387502 5449560 6094116 5589043

Value (Rs./crores)

1 2010-11*

        

Categorywise Tyre Exports -2003-04 to 2010-11    [ Nos.]  

2009 - 10 2010 - 112052946 2008859845688 1116192

6946 933561465991 1454027

12052 1089946206 434724692 1320

362784 7558920 0

441965 62709315693 1064308002 124943

35515 1119020 0

5298480 6454385

Given below is the composition of raw-materials as a percentage (%) of Total Raw Material Cost:

Natural RubberNylon Tyre Cord FabricCarbon BlackRubber ChemicalsButyl RubberPBRSBROthers

63% of total Natural Rubber consumption is by the Tyre Sector, balance by rubber based non-tyre industries.

Total weight of raw-materials consumed by tyre industry – 17.50 Lakh M.T.

Total Cost of Raw Materials consumed by tyre industry – Rs.21,000 Crores

Raw Material Availability

Production of Nylon Tyre Cord Fabric, Polybutadiene Rubber, Rubber Chemicals, Steel Tyre Cord, Polyester Tyre Cord insufficient to meet domestic demand.Tyre industry imports raw materials on account of the following factors:

a. duty-free imports permitted against export of tyres;domestic demand not sufficient to meet complete requirement;technical and commercial considerations;b. business strategy to have multiple sources of supply.

No domestic Production of Butyl Rubber and Styrene Butadiene Rubber of tyre grades, i.e., 1502 and 1712 & EPDM.

44%19%12%5%4%5%5%6%

Production of Nylon Tyre Cord Fabric, Polybutadiene Rubber, Rubber Chemicals, Steel Tyre Cord, Polyester Tyre Cord insufficient to meet domestic demand.

a. duty-free imports permitted against export of tyres;domestic demand not sufficient to meet complete requirement;technical and commercial considerations;

o domestic Production of Butyl Rubber and Styrene Butadiene Rubber of tyre grades, i.e., 1502 and 1712 & EPDM.

Consumption Pattern of Major Raw Materials(2010-11) (Est.)

Raw Materials Total Cons.

Natural Rubber 944700 63% 37%SBR 174855 66% 34%PBR 125305 85% 12%

Carbon Black 412640* - -Nylon Tyre Cord 115000* - -

Rubber Chemicals 35000* - -Steel Tyre Cord 30000* - -Butyl Rubber 40000* - -

* ATMA Members only

Year Consumption

Tyre Sector

2004-05 749660 406220 54%2005-06 802625 442921 55%

2006-07 852895 462081 56%2007-08 825345 495577 58%

2008-09 864500 508121 58%

2009-10 831400 576210 62%

2010-11 861950 597623 63%

       (in Tonnes)

Tyre Sector Cons.

Non Tyre Sector Cons.

Production, Consumption & Imports of Natural Rubber

       (in Tonnes)Production

177637 95% 5%115520* 100% -45000* - -46700* - -58000* - -20000* - -20000* - -40000* - -

* ATMA Members only

Consumption Total Cons. Imports

Non Tyre Sector Total

349170 46% 755400 68700358189 45% 801110 45285

358224 44% 820305 89799365878 42% 861455 86394

363599 42% 871720 77616

354355 38% 930565 176756

350092 37% 947715 177637

Total Import

Tyre Sector

Imports

Non Tyre Sector

Imports

Trade Policy - Tyres & Raw Materials

All categories of new tyres can be exported freely.All categories of new tyres can be imported freely.No WTO Bound Rates for Tyres & Tubes.All raw materials required for the manufacture of tyres can be imported freely (OGL).

Normal rate of Basic Customs Duty (MFN)

All categories of Tyres

* When import from Bangladesh, Bhutain, Maldivies and Nepal.** When import from Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Custom  Duties : Tyres

  Preferential/ concessional Customs Duty under  Trade Agreements *  Asian Pacific Trade Agreement    (formerly known as Bangkok Agreement)*  Indo Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement*  SAPTA ( SAARC  Preferential   Trading       Agreement)*   India Singapore Comprehensive     Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)  *   India South Korea CEPA*   ASEAN FTA

For details please refers to Preferential Tariff  Table for Tyres/ Raw-Materials of Tyre Industry (Ref. Section on RTAs)

Excise Duty: 

10%

Nil DutyNil Duty*

5%**Nil Duty (For Bias Tyres)

No Concession

10%

8.60%

8%(passenger car, truck / bus and scooter /

motercycle)5% (other categories of

tyres).

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

 

 

 

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

16

1. PRODUCT STANDARD

2. SAFETY STANDARD

 

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) had decades back prescribed Standards for various categories of tyres. However, the Standards were voluntary in nature, i.e., it was optional for tyre companies to take BIS certification and emboss BIS mark on tyres.

In line with the Safety Standards for tyres in some of the developed countries, Government of India decided to formulate

Government of India also decided to merge AIS with BIS. Cuurently, there is a unified standard for tyres of Commercial Vehicles (Bias and Radial), Passenger Cars/Jeeps (Bias and Radial) and Two-Three wheeler tyres. At present AIS/BIS standards are not

The merged Standard, expected to be published in the near future for mandatory application, would be applicable to all tyres produced domestically and imported. However, as exported tyres are subject to the standards of importing countries, the above

Tyre with Cotton (reinforcement) Carcass :

Tyre with Rayon (reinforcement) Carcass :

Tyre with Nylon (reinforcement) Carcass :

Radial (Construction) Tyre - Textile/Textile belt (Rayon/Nylon/Polyester) :

Initially Radial tyres were introduced with Casing Plies as well as belt material of textiles. Continuos development in Radial Concept led to further improvements as explained below.

Radial (Construction) Tyre - Textile/Steel belts :

Low Aspect Ratio (Cross Ply or Bias) Tyre :

Tubeless Tyre (Cross Ply) :

In the starting phase of proper Bias or Cross ply tyre, cotton plies were used as main reinforcing material (end of 19th and early 20th Century). Cotton reinforcing material had inherent problems of low strength and high moisture regainer. Leading to large number of plies to get the requisite casing strength for the tyre weight of the tyre and poor heat dissipation. This, in turn, gave an adverse impact on Tyre weight and buck rendering poor performance.

  

With the development of viscose and rayon the strength of reinforcing material went up and found application in tyres in early 20th Century. Due to higher strength of rayon it was possible to reduce number of plies and weight of the tyre. Since less number of plies were needed to match cotton strength, concept of ply rating developed. It was also possible to have higher ply ratings now. 

Persuent to development and introduction of Polymide (Nylon) the strength and flexing behavior of reinforcing materials improved substantially resulting in further reduction of number of plies, consequently the weight of the tyres. This development substantially improved the heat and impact resistance of the carcass leading to better tyre performance and higher durability. Nylon casing gave a boost to retreadability. Thus effective cost of the tyre in operation became much more economical.

Development of Tyre Technology due to change in Reinforcing material is basically in the case of Cross Ply or Bias Tyres. Bias tyre has cotton, Rayon or Nylon Cords, bound as plies and each ply (i.e. Cords) cross each other at a definite angle anchoring at the bead.  

Inspite of continuos development in Bias Tyre Technology, inherent problem of high heat development and poor life remains a continuos challenge.

In early 1950s new concept of Tyre design was developed namely "RADIAL" wherein plies were made highly flexible by keeping the cords at 90 and in order to improve tyre life, inextensible (stiff) belts were placed on the top of the Carcass under the tread. This led to stiffer tread portion, leading to higher Tread life (Mileage) and much more comfortable ride due to flexible carcass. This was the beginning of 'Revolution' in tyre technology.

Once Steel Tyre cord got developed it found its immediate application in Belt material, keeping casing plies of Textile, to further improve durability.

Radial (Construction) Tyre - Textile/Glass Fibre Belt :  Similarly, development of glass fibre which is practically inextensible, led to application in passenger and Light Commercial Vehicle tyres with Textile Casing, providing corrosion free radial Tyre belt material.

A new concept of low aspect ratio (ratio between section height and section width) of the tyre in cross ply construction was introduced for higher speed and better performance.

Radial (Construction) Tyre - Textile/Aramid Belt :

However, this could not find any sustained use.

Tubeless Tyre - Radial Construction :

Low Aspect Ratio - Radial (Construction) Tyres :

High Performance Passenger Car Radial Tyre :

Run Flat (Puncture Proof) Tyre - New Concept :

Fuel economy/low rolling resistance tyre - special compound :

Concept of tubeless tyre in cross ply construction wherein an inner liner compound based on chlorobutyl or Halo Butyl which is impermeable to gases, was introduced eliminating the usage of tubes. This concept could not find sustained application in India due to bad roads and poor handling/maintenance of Rims other than in OTR range. However, Tubeless tyres are produced for Export Market.

Gradually this concept will become fully acceptable with the advent of new generation vehicles and improved service facilities.

Due to poor roads and inadequate vehicle maintenance, Steel belts had corrosion problem due to cuts and chips in the tread. This led to trials with Aramid belt (Textile material with very high strength and Low extensibility).

Radial (Construction) Tyre - All Steel  :In developed countries, Radial Truck/Bus tyres use steel wires in casing as well as in Belts to achieve the optimum advantage of radial construction. In India also this construction was tried since late 1970s by Indian Companies using tyres of collaborators. This could not succeed.

Indian companies started experimentally since late 1980s (themselves or with collaborators) which continues and the product has found gradual entry into low load application.

As in the case of Bias Tyres, the concept of tubless tyre was extended to radial construction and introduced in later half of the century in Developed countries. A tubless tyre not only has tube eliminated but provides for smoother ride and vehicle handling. This is slowly entering into the Indian market with the advent of new generation vehicles.

The concept of low aspect ratio tyre, after gaining the experience from cross ply construction, was introduced in Radial construction also. The present trend of tyre development for high speed tyre is being pursued in this direction. Tyres with aspect ratio upto 0.65 are being manufactured today enabling Indian Industry to adopt high speed rating e.g. 190 kmph, 210 kmph etc.

High Performance Passenger Car radial tyres not only have very low aspect ratio (0.65 - 0.35) but also have substantial changes in construction. Very low aspect ratio enables use of large diameter wheels which, in turn, allows better stability at high speeds. The tyre contour is based on the cross section of a fully loaded tyre and this reduces the energy losses within the tyre and reduced dynamic fatigue. High performance Passenger tyres are made with speed  rating upto ZR indicating speed capability in excess of 240 kmph. In India,  this concept has not yet been found popular though customers are demanding tyres upto 220 kmph (V Rating).

A new concept of run  flat tyre (puncture proof) was introduced by Continental in early 1980s wherein the basic construction of the rim and bead was changed by which on loosing air the tyre tread sits on the rim thus enabling one to drive at a reasonable speed for a long distance till the flat tyre could be attended to.

This revolutionises the OE need for a new vehicle as the Stepney tyre can also be dispensed off. However, there is very slow progress of this concept. This has not been tried in India so far.

Green Tyre (Environment Friendly) :

This concept is well perceived and will gradually find its application world over, including India.

1. PRODUCT STANDARD

2. SAFETY STANDARD

Tremendous work is being carried out towards the development of tyres with modified special compounds, besides tyre construction aspect, to reduce rolling resistance thus gaining in fuel consumption. However, the ultimate advantage is obtained by Radial Construction which is gradually findig its well deserved place in Indian Industry.

This is the latest development in Passenger Radial tyres. These tyres have a rolling resistance appreciably lower than normal tyres. These tyres have high proportion of non petroleum based material used in their construction and are called environment friendly or 'green tyres'.

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) had decades back prescribed Standards for various categories of tyres. However, the Standards were voluntary in nature, i.e., it was optional for tyre companies to take BIS certification and emboss BIS mark on tyres.

In line with the Safety Standards for tyres in some of the developed countries, Government of India decided to formulate AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARDS (AIS) which would be mandatory in nature.

Government of India also decided to merge AIS with BIS. Cuurently, there is a unified standard for tyres of Commercial Vehicles (Bias and Radial), Passenger Cars/Jeeps (Bias and Radial) and Two-Three wheeler tyres. At present AIS/BIS standards are not

The merged Standard, expected to be published in the near future for mandatory application, would be applicable to all tyres produced domestically and imported. However, as exported tyres are subject to the standards of importing countries, the above