Mj;k

"hdk; kiepajs k_fj;amof

Fxjyaaf

  2

Mj;k "hdk;

wha:ygjfjlf

1. Md;kht[k; mjd; Mw;wYk;

2. ,iwtd; vd;gtd; ahh;>

3. Mj;k "hdk:

4. $Ptd;

5. "hd thH;t[

6. "hdk; bgWk; tHpKiwfs;

7. Md;k mwpt[ bgw

8. ghpRj;j kdk;

9. me;jf;fhuzk;

10. kdpj Md;kh

11. czh;r;rp - czh;t[ - kdk;

12. kdk; vd;Dk; khaNl;Rkf;fUtp

13. nahfk;

14. bka;g;bghUs:

15. $Pthj;kh guhkhj;kh

16. Md;kPf thH;t[

  3

17. jj;Jt tpsf;fk;

18. g";rg{j';fs;

19. mq gukhq kw;Wk;

caph;njhw;wk;

20.xspa[k; btg;gKk;

21.g";rg{jKk; mjd; jj;JtKk;

22.g";rg{j';fs;

23.g";r g{j';fspd; bray;ghLfs;

24.jd;khj;jpiufs:

25.gpug";r ghpzhkk;

26.caph;fspd; njhw;wk;

27.kuzk;

28.kdpj clYk; mjd;

bray;ghLfSk;

29.,d;g[w;W thH cly; eyk;

ngqjy;

30.Jwt[ thH;f;if

31.tp";"hd nehf;fpy; gpug";rk;

  4

Mj;k "hdk;

,e;j cyfpy; thGk; midj;J caph ;fSk; xd;nw

xd;iwj;jhd; ikakhf bfhz;L Mdhy; mJ

v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W bjupahky; njoj; njo

Xahky; miyfpd;wd.

mJjhd; ,d;gk; ,d;gk; ,d;gk; .

Mk; ,d;gkhd thH;f ;if. nkYk; nkYk;

kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; njo bghd; bghUs;

nghd;wtw;iw nrh ;g ;gjd; nehf ;fk ; me;j ,d;gk;

epiyahdjhf cz;ikahdjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhfj ;jhd; .

,J cz;ikapy; v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ> mij vg;go

miltJ> bgWtJ> vd;gij tpsf;Ftnj ,e;j

fl;Liuapd; nehf;fk ; .

,jw;F Kjy; mog;gilahd njit bghd;

bghUs; gzk; brhj ;J kf;fs; my;y.

mwpt[ xd;W jhd; .

mwpt[ mjpYk; bjspe ;j mwpt[ vd;w xd;nw

xd;W nghJk; ,e ;j cz;ikahd ,d;gj ;ij

mila ,d;g [w ;W thH.

  5

,e;j cz;ikahd ,d;gk; ek ;kplk; jhd;

,Uf;fpwJ/ ,e;j cyfpy ; ntW v';Fk; ,y;iy

vd;w mwpt[ xd;nw nghJk; .

ehk; ahh ; vd;gij bjhpe ;Jbfhz;lhny nghJk;

,e;j cz;ikahd ,d;gj ;ij mila.

ek;ikg;gw ;wp bjhptJ vd;why; cz;ikapy; ehk ;

ahh ;> ; / Md;kh vd;why; vd;d>/ mwpt[ my;yJ

"hdk; vd;why; vd;d>/ Mj;k "hdk;

vd;why; vd;d>/ kdk; bjspe ;j kdk; kdj;jpd ;

,af;fk; / ,iwtd; vd;gtd; ahh ;> ; / mq

gukhq/ g";rg{jKk; mjd; jj ;JtKk;

,af;fKk; / cly; / caph ; / cyfk; kw ;Wk;

gpug";rk; nghd;w ,itfs; vg;go njhd;wpd/

vg;go ,a';FfpwJ vd;w mwpt[ / cly; cWg;g [fs;

Fwpj ;j mwpt[ / cly; ,af;fk; / cly; eyk;

gw ;wpa mwpt[ / cly; / kdk; / g";rg{j jj ;Jt';fs;

gw ;wpa bjspt[ ,itfisg;gw ;wpa xl;Lbkhj;j

mwpnt "hdk; my;yJ Mj;k "hdk; vdg;gLk; .

,e ;j Mj;k"hdj;jhy; fpilg;gnj cz;ikahd

,d;g thH;f ;if.

1. Md;kht[k; mjd; Mw;wYk;

vz;zpyh nfho mz;l';fs; nguz;l';fs;

,g;gpug";rk; njhd;Wtjw;F \y fhuzkhf

  6

tps';FtJ mog;gilahf ,Ug;gJ xU

mqrf;jp . mijna rpj ;jh ;fs; "hdpfs; gukhq

vd;W brhy;fpwhh ;fs; .

gukhq vd; ;gJ gphpf ;f Koahj mq vd;gJ

bghUs; . me;jg ; gukhqnt gue ;J tphpe ;J

fp ;lf ;fpd;w mz;l nguz;l';fis ,af;fpf ;

bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. mijna gukhj ;kh vd;wdh; .

mnj \y mqtpd; Mw;wny xt;bthU

$Ptuhrpfspd; ,af;f';fSf;Fk; fhuzkhf

tps';Ftjhy; $Pthj ;kh vd;wdh; .

Mfnt Md;kh vd;gJ msg;gwpa Mw;wy;

kpf ;fJ. me;j Mw;wy; ek ;kplk; cs;sJ/ mJ

cUtkw;wJ/ mjd; rf ;jpia Mw;wiy

czh;e ;jth ;fs; kl;Lnk gy;ntW mw;g [j';fs;

epfH;j ;j Koa[k ; . ek;kplk; cs;s kfj;Jtk;

tha;e ;j Mw;wy; kpf ;f Md;khtpd; rf ;jpia

czh;e ;J mij ekf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf ;

bfhs;tJjhd; Mj;k"hdkhFk; .

Mdhy; ehk ; ek;kplk; cs;s Md;khtpd;

Mw;wiyg; g [h pe ;J bfhs;shky; ek ;kplk; cs;s

Mw;wiy vg;go btspf ;bfhzh;tJ vg;go

,af;FtJ vdj;bjhpe ;J bfhs;shky;

thH:f ;ifapy; gytpj my;yy;fSf;F

Mshfpnwhk; . ,g;gog;gl;l my;yy;fspypUe;J

  7

tpLjiy bgw Kad;W btw;wp fz;lth;fs;jhd;

"hdpfSk; rpj ;jh ;fSk; .

2. ,iwtd; vd;gtd; ahh;>

vz;zpyh nfho mz;l nguz;l';fspd; ,af;fk;

nfhlhd nfho mqf;fs; mqf;fspd;

bjhFg;ghd $Ptuhrpfs; midj;jpYk; cs;S;k ;

g [wKk; nkYk; btspa[k ; mJtjpy;

caph ;rf ;jpahf tps';Fk; nguhw ;wny ,iwtd;.

,ij ts;sy;yhh ; bgUkhd; brhy;Yk;nghJ

Fyt[ nguz;lg ;gFjpnahh ; mde;j

nfho nfhofSk; M';fh' ;nf

epytpa gpz;lg ; gFjpfs ; KGJk;

e pfH ;e ;j gw ;gy bghUs; j puSk;

tpyFwhJ mfj ;Jk ; g [wj ;Jk ; nkyplj ;Jk ;

bka ;awp thde ;jk ; tps';f

myFwhJ xHpahJ mJtjpy ; tps';Fk ;

mUl; bghU";nrhjp vd; munr

vd;W brhy;fpwhh ; .

  8

3. Mj;k "hdk: :

,e;j khbgUk; ,af;f rf ;jpahd ,iwtd; kdk;

vd;Dk; khaf;fUtpahy; gpwe ;jJ Kjy;

,wf;fpd;w tiu ekJ clk;ig ,af;fpf ;

bfhz;oUf;fpwhh ; . ,e ;j ,af;f rf ;jp ekJ

clypy; vg;gor; bray;gLfpwJ vd mwpe ;J

mnj ,af;f rf ;jpia ehk; czh;e ;J me;j

rf ;jpia ek;Kila cliya[k ; capiua[k ;

ngzg;gad;gLj;Jk; tHptiffis bjhpe ;J

bfhs;tnj Mj;k "hdk; .

Mj;k "hdk; bgw;why ; ek ;Kila thH;f ;ifapy;

Jd;g';fs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k ; epth ;j ;jp bra;J

bfhz;L btw;wp fz;L epk ;kjpahf thHyhk; .

Kjypy; Mj;kh vd;why; vd;d/ gpd; "hdk;

Kotpy; ; Mj;k "hdk; vd;why; vd;d vd;W

ghh ;g ;nghk; .

3.1 Mj;kh

Mj;kh vd;why; ek ;Kila cliy capiu

,af;Ffpd;w vspjpy ; g [h pe ;J bfhs;sKoahj

Nl;rkf; fUtp vd;W brhy;yyhk; . caph ;

,y;iynay; cly; ,Uf;fhJ/ cliy

itj;Jj;jhd; caph ; cz;lh ,y;iyah

vd;gij mwpa Koa[k ; . Mfnt caph ; cly;

  9

,uz;ila[k ; ,izj;J itf;fpd;w xg;gw ;w

fUtpna Mj;kh vdg;gLtJ.

3.2 "hdk;

mqf;fs; njhd;wp mqf;fspd; ,izg;g [

,af;f';fshy; mz;l nguz;lkhfp

gpug";rkhfp cyfhfp caph ;fs; gyt[khfp /

vj;jidnahnfho rPtuhrpfspy ; ehDk;

xUtd; vd;fpw bjspt[ bgWtnj

"hdkhFk; .

Koitg; gpoj ;Jf; bfhz;Lnghdhy;

bjhlf;fj ;ij mwpayhk; . bjhlf;fj ;ijg;

gpoj ;jhy; Koita[k ; mwpayhk; . Mf

gpwg ;gpd; bjhlf;fj ;ija[k ; Koita[k ;

mwptnj “"hdk;” ; .

,ijna jhd; mfj;jpah ; TWk;nghJ

kfj ;jhd uf!;aklh "hdkhh ;f ;fk ;

,z';f panjhh ;me ;ju' ;fkhd Nl;rk

Vfhe ;j Nl ;rbkd;w fijiaf ; nfS

Fz';Ftpa Mjp me;jf ; Fwpia ed;wha ;

- brs rh 1 13 .

nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; Mjp me;jf ;Fwp

bjhptJjhd; "hdk; vd;gij mwpayhk; .

  10

"hdk; vd;whny mwpjy; mwptpd; bjspe ;j

epiy vd;W brhy;yyhk; . ,d;bdhU tif

tpsf;fk; "hyj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk;

brhy;yyhk; . clypd; cs;ns caph ; ;

rf ;jpahdJ RHd;W ,a';Fk;nghJ me;je ;j

clypd; mqf;TWfSf;F Vw;g caphpd;

rpwg ;ghw ;wyhf vGk; tpist[fns

czh;r ;r pfs; . ,e ;j czh;r ;r pfisj; Ja;j ;J

capuhdJ bgUk; cz;ikj; bjspt[ jhd;

mwpt[ my;yJ "hdk; vdg;gLk; .

Md;kh vd;gJ gukhj;khtpd; Mw;wy; .

mwpt[ vd;gJ Md;khtpd; ,af;fr ; r pwg ;g [ .

$Pt Md;khnth jd; epiy kwe;J

$k;g [yd;fspy; bray;fSf;F Ml;gl;L

g [yd;fspd; fth ;r ;r papy ; rpf ;fp ka';Ffpd;w

kaf;f epiyna khia vdg;gLtJ/

jd;Dila jttypikahy;

g [yd;fth ;r ;r papy ; ,Ue;J kPz; ;L khiaia

tpl ;L tpyfp mwpit Md;khtpy; yapf ;fr ;

bra;J mnjhL xd;whfp gpize;J

yakhfpd;w epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wnghJjhd;

me;j epiya[k ; gpwHhky; ,Uf;Fk;

nghJjhd; "hdk; vd;fpw tpHpg ;g [ e piyapy;

Md;kh vd;gJ ,af;f Mw;wyhft[k ; cly;

Md;khtpw ;F fUtpahft[k ; ,Uf;fpd;w

epiya[k ; czug;gLk; .

  11

Md;k mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk; . mJ

mwk; jtk; vd;fpw Kaw;rpa [s ;sth;fl;nf

fpilf;Fk; . jtg;gapw ;rp jj ;Jt';fspd;

tpsf;f';fis mwpe ;jth ;fSf;nf mJ

rhj ;jpak; . mth;fs; kl;Lk;jhd; kw ;wth ;f ;F

bjhl;Lf ;fhl;oa[k ; tpsf;fpa [k ; ; Tw Koa[k ; /

"hdj;ij mspf ;f ,aYk; .

3.3 "hdnk flt[s;

“mfu Kjy vGj;bjy ;yhk ; Mjpgftd; Kjw ;nw

cyF” .

vd;w ts;Sth; Fwpg ;gpd;go cyfj;J

caph ;fs; Kjy; ,e;j cyfk; njhd;Wtjw;F

\yfh ;j ;jhthd gfthd; tiu ‘m ’ vd;w

xypahy; njhd;wpd. Mfnt mJnt Kjy;

xypahd ‘m ’ vd;gjhFk; . gpuhzpfs; Kjy;

kdpjd; ,ae;jpuk ; tiu thiaj;jpwf ;fpd;w

bjhl';Ffpd;w xyp ‘m ’ vd;gjhFk; .

Mfntjhd; ts;Stg;bgUkhd; nkw;fz;l

Fwspd; \yk; ‘m ’ fuj ;ij

Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpdhh ; .

,e ;j cyfj;jpy ; cs;s caph ;fs; vy;yhnk

mwpt[ r Ptd;fshf cs;sd. Mdhy;

kdpjd; vd;w rPtDf;F kl;Lnk rpwg ;gwpt [

cz;L. ,e;j rpwg ;gwptpd; \yk; bjspe ;j

  12

epiybgw;w bjspe ;njhnu “"hdpfs;” vd

miHf;fg ;gLth; . Jhprw ;w J}a mwpt[

tothd ,aw;ifapd; ey;y rf ;jpfis

epidj;J czh;e ;J bjspt[ milahtpl ;lhy;

xUtd; vj;jid fw;wpUe ;Jk; gad; ,y;iy.

cyfpnyna kpfg ;bghpa fy;tp xd;W cz;L

vd;why; mJnt “"hdf; fy;tp” .

"hdnk flt[s; . Mj;k "hdk;

mile;njhnu flt[s; Mthh ; . ,aw;ifapy;

ciufpd;w nguhw ;wiyna ,iwtd; vd

miHf;fpwhh ;fs; . Mfnt ,aw;ifna

,iwtd;. mtd; ghj';fis tz';Ftnj

rpwg;gwpt[ MFk; . mJnt

"hdkhh ;f ;fj ;jpd; jpwt[nfhy; vd;gij

kwthjPh ;fs; .

Mj;k "hdk; vd;whny kdpjid

mjw;Fj;jFjpahf ;Fk; rpwg ;gwpt [ vd;gJ bghUs; .

rpwg ;gwpt[ vd;d vd;fpw tpsf;fj ;ijg; bgWtnj

"hdk; MFk; . "hdpahf ntzL;k ; / "hdk;

bgwntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf thH;f ;ifia

thH;f ;ifj; Jizia mh;g ;gzk;

bra;aj;njitapy;iy.

,d;iwa kdpjd; thH;f ;ifna ,ae;jpukak; /

,d;iwa cyfk; tp";"hd cyfk; / njitfs;

kpFe;J ,ae;jpurhjd';fs; El;gkhd fUtpfs;

  13

thH;f ;iff;F njitahd bghUl;fspd;

mjpfhpg ;g [ ,it kpFe;J bfhz;nl nghfpd;wd.

,g;gog;gl;l ,f;fhyj;jpy ; vy;nyhUk; "hdk;

bgw Koa[kh vd;gJ vy;nyhh ; kdjpYk;

vGfpd;w kiyg;ghd nfs;tp /

kiyg;g [j ; njit ,y;iy. vy;nyhUk; "hdk;

bgwKoa[k ; . j';fs; j';fspd; flikfis

flika[zh;nthL bra;J kfpH ;nthL

,y;ywj;ija[k ; brk;ikahf elj;jp ed;kf ;fisg;

bgw;W xGf;fj ;jpYk; mwj;jpYk; rpwe ;jth ;fshf

gapw ;Wtpj ;J mjd; \yk; FLk;gk; Ch ; ehL

cyfk; vd;w mstpy; mikjpahft[ [k ;

,d;gkhft[k ; thHyhk; .

bjspe ;j ePh pny ePh pd ; MHj;jpny ,Uf;fpd;w

fw ;fis fhz;gJ nghy btspr ;rj ;jpny

bghUs;fisf; fhz;gJ nghy xU

tpahghhpahdtDf;F jd;Dila bghUis

tpw ;gid tpiyeph ;zak; bra;tJ vspJ.

fhuzk; bfhs;Kjy; tpiy bjhpe ;jtd; tpw ;gid

tpiyia vspjhf eph ;zak; bra;thd; .

mijg;nghynt Mirapdhy; FLk;gKk;

vz;z';fshy clYk; mwbewpahy; rKjhaKk;

jj ;Jt "hd tpsf;fj ;jhy; "hdKk; rkhjhd

thH;t [k ; ek ;ik Mf;ft[k ; fhf ;ft[k ;

cjt[fpd;wd.

  14

Mfnt ek;Kila thH;f ;ifapy; ve ;j mst[

"hdk; ,lk;bgWfpwnjh me;j msnt ekf;Fr ;

rpwg ;ghd thH;t [ ,d;g [w ;W thH;fpd;w epiy

MH;e ;j mikjp fpilf;Fk; .

Mj;k "hdk; vd;gJ Rlh ;tpl ;L gpufhrpf ;Fk;

tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l thH;f ;iff;F tHpfhl;o.

Mfnt xt;bthUtUk; Mj;k "hdk; bgw

Kayntz;Lk; . ,ayhjth;fs; "hdpfs;

tHpiag; gpd;gw ;wp elf;f ntz;Lk; . J}a

kdj;jhy ; jhd; Mj;k "hdk; milaKoa[k ; ;

vd;W typa[Wj ;jpdh ; . ehk; "hdk; bgw;whh ;

tHpiag; gpd;gw ;w p mtu; mwpit jd;kakhf

itj;Jf; bfhz;L ehk; Kiwahft[k ;

rpwg ;ghft[k ; thHyhk; .

vdnt Mj;k "hdk; kl;Lnk thH;tpw ;F

cah ;t [k ; ,d;gKk; mspf ;Fk; . Mj;k "hdj;ij

Mz;-bgz; ,UghyUk; milayhk; . mjpy;

ve ;jj ; jila[k ; ,y;iy/ ekf;F ntz;oaJ

vy;yhk;

1 . jplkhd kdk; ( A S T R O N G W I L L P O W E R )

2 . MH;e ;j ek;gpf ;if ( D E E P F A I T H )

3 . mfj;jPrd; kPJ ghpg{uz ek;gpf ;if itj;J

mtdplk; ruziljy; ( T O T A L S U R R E N D E R )

4 . ey;y vz;z';fs; - vy;nyhUk; ed;whf

thHntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ; ( G O O D T H O U G H T S )

  15

ehk; vg;nghJk; ekJ vz;zj;ij ghpRj ;jkhf

itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; . ghpRj ;j kdk;

ntz;Lkhdhy; ek ; kdjpd; bray;ghLfis

xG';F gLj;j ntz;Lk; . mjw;F Kjypy; $Ptd;

my;yJ kdpjd; vg;go caph ; vLf;fpwJ vd;gij

g[h pe ;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; .

4. $Ptd;

clypd; cs;ns caph ; ; rf ;jpahdJ btl;l

btspapny cs;s Mw;wy;fis gpuhztha[tpd;

\yk; \r;Rf ; fhw ;why; clypd; cs;ns ,Gj;J

nfhof;fzf;fhd ekJ cly; mqf;fSf;F

Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J cliy ,af;f itf;fpwJ.

,g;gog;gl;l mqj;jpus;fshshd

,g;gpug";rj ;jpy ; ,Ue;J kdpj $Ptd; cw;gj ;jp

MfpwJ.

Mjpapny ,g;gpug";rg ; gilg;g [f ;F \ykhdJ

,uz;L rf ;jpjhd; . mijj;jhd; rptrf;jp

vd;fpnwhk; . ,Jnt gukhqthFk; . mnj nghy

kdpj $Ptd; cUthtjw;F ,uz;L \y mqf;fs;

fhuzkhf tps';Ffpd;wd. rptk; vd;fpd;w Mz;

Rf;fpyg;g [Gt[k ; rf ;jp vd;fpw bgz;

Rnuhzpjg;g [Gt[k ; ,uz;od; fyg;gpdhy; $Ptd;

cw ;gj ;jpahfpwJ.

  16

,g;go ,af;Ffpd;w me;j rf ;jpiaj;jhd;

RUf;fkhf caph ; ; rf ;jp my;yJ $Ptd; ;

vd;fpnwhk; . ,e ;j ,uz;Lk; mjhtJ clYk

capUk; nrh ;e ;J bray;gLfpd;w xU

bghUisj;jhd; $P Ptd] ; vd;fpnwhk; .

cyfpy ; cs;s xt;bthUtUk; jdJ $Ptdpd;

rhpj ;jpuj ;ijf; fz;L bfhz;lhy; ; cyfpy; vy;yhk;

,d;gk ;jhd; . ,t;t [yfpy ; vJt[k ; ey;yJk;

,y;iy. ez;gd; giftd; fpilahJ. xt;bthU

Md;kht[k ; jd; Ra J}a mwpit mwpe ;J

tpl ;lhy; vy;yhk; rkk; / vy;yhk; ,d;gkak;

MFk; . mJnt Mj;k"hdk; bgWtJ/

,d;wpikahjJ.

$Ptdpd; gpwg ;gpw ;Fk; ,wg;gpw ;Fk; ,ilna

eilbgWk; bjhlh ;gaznk thH;f ;ifahFk; .

thHj;bjhpe ;J thH:gth ;fshd "hdpfis ek;gp

mth;fisg; gpd;gw ;wpa [k ; thH;tnj "hd thH;t [

my;yJ "hd thH;f ;ifahFk; . mJnt ,d;g

thH;f ;ifahFk; /

5. "hd thH;t[

thH;f ;if vd;gJ \d;W mikg;gpny

bray;gLfpwJ.

  17

1 . ,aw;if/

2 .rKjhak; /

3 . ,d;g Jd;g';fs; .

,k;\d;Wk; kdpjd; thH;f ;ifia

eph ;zapf ;fpd ;wd. Mfnt ,k;\d;W

gFjpfisa[k ; bjspthf Muha;e ;J mwptpny

KGik bgw;W thH;tnj "hd thH;t [ / ,J jhd;

,d;g thH;t [ /

kdk; jd;trkhf ,Ue;J Ml;og; gilj;jjhy;

kdpjd; vd;W bgah ; te ;jJ. kdJ + jd;

vd;gJ jhd; kdpjd; . mnjnghy; ehd; vd;w

Mztk; nknyh';fp ,Ue;jtid eu + mfk;

(eumfk;) bfhz;ljhy; eud; vd;Wk; bgah ;

cz;lhapw ;W. ,d;bdhd;W eufk; vd;W Vd;

bgah ; cz;lhapw ;W vd;why; ehd; vdJ vd;

kf;fs; vd;bghUs; vd; M!;jp vd;W FWfpa

tl;lj;jpw ;Fs; rpf ;Fz;L mtDila mwpthdJ

bray;gLk;nghJ fhkk; Fnuhjk; nfhgk; nkhfk;

kjk; khr ;rh ;ak; lk;gk; <h ;ir nghd;w jPa

Fz';fspd; ; tpistha; gy;ntW Jd;g';fSf;F

Mshf nehpLk; . ,ijna eufk; vd;gJ. jPik+

mfk; jPikahd mfj;jhy; vGk;

bjhy;iyfisna eufk; vd;W Twpdhh ; .

Mfnt Kjypy ; J}a ;ikahd kdj;ij mfj;ijg;

bgWtnj "hdk; bgWk; tHpKiwahFk; .

  18

6. "hdk; bgWk; tHpKiwfs;

Md;k mwpt[ bgwntz;Lk; .ghpRj ;jkhd

,jaj;ijg; my;yJ kdj;ijg; kdpjd;

bgw;wpUg;gnj "hdk; bgWtjw;F Kjy; jFjp

MFk;/ kdij ghpgf;Ftk; bra;tjd; \yk;

"hdj;ijg; bgw Koa[k ; /kdija[k ; cliya[k ;

nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf ;Ftg;gLj;JtJ "hdk; bgw

cfe;j tHpahFk; /

thH;f ;ifapy ; jpdrhp ehk ; ekJ kdj;ij xU

Kf;fpakhd fUtpahff; bfhz;L ey;yJ bfl;lJ

,uz;Lf;Fnk cgnahfg; gLj;jp tUfpnwhk; .

kdk; ,a';fhky; vija[k ; bray;gLj;j KoahJ.

gytpjkhd rf ;jpfs; gpug";rj ;jpy ;

gutpf ;fplf ;fpd;wd. mjpy ; Mf;fg{h ;tkhd

rf;jpfSk; mHpt[ rf ;jpfSk; Mfhaj;jpy ; Rw ;wpf ;

bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy ; rpy rf ;jpfs;

kpfgykhf ,a';Fk; / r py rf ;jpfs; gytPdkhf

,a';Fk; / ey;y rf ;jp miyfs; gykhf

,a';Fk;nghJ ehk; vLj;j fhhpak; btw;wp

bgWk; . ekJ thH;tpy ; btw;wp njhy;tpfs; ,e;j

ey;y bfl;l rf ;jpfspd; Mf;fpukpg ;gpdhy;jhd;

eilbgWfpwJ vd;fpw cz;ikia czu

ntz;Lk; . ,jpy ; rpy ekJ vz;z';fspYk; / rpy

btspapy ; Vw ;gLk; rf ;jpfspd; Mjpf ;fj ;jhYk;

eilbgWk; . ekf;F mg;ghw ;gl;l rf ;jpapy ;

  19

rpf ;fpf ;bfhs;Sk;nghJ ehk; mjpypUe;J

kPsKoahJ. ,e;j jPa rf ;jpapypUe;J

KGikahf tpLgl Md;k mwpt[ bgwntz;Lk; .

7. Md;k mwpt[ bgw

1 . ehk; vg;nghJk; vy;nyhiua[k ; md;g [ld;

nerpj ;J re ;njhrj ;Jld; kdk; tpl ;Lg;ngrp

gHfp tuntz;Lk; .

2 . kdjhy; Tl xUtUf;Fk; jP' ;F

bra;af;TlhJ.

3. ekJ guk vjphpf ;Fk; Tl bfLjy;

Vw ;gLj;jf ;TlhJ. ey;yijna bra;

vdt[k ; mtUf;Fk; ey;y vz;zj;ijf;

bfhL vdt[k ; ,iwtid ehk;

ntz;of;bfhs;s ntz;Lk; .

4 . ve;jf ;fhyj;jpYk; ve ;j rkaj;jpYk; ahh ;

ek ;ik fhzte;jhYk; ; ehk ; mtiu

md;g [ld; tuntw;W cgrhpf ;f ntz;Lk; .

md;ghf ngrp mDg;g ntz;Lk; /

5 . ve;jf ; fhuzj;ijf; bfhz;Lk; ahh ; kPJk;

nfhgg;gLtnjh jfhj thh ;j ;ijfshy;

ittnjh TlhJ.

6. ntiyf;fhuh ;fs; bghpath;fs; ekf;F

nfhgk; cz;lhf ;Fk;go ngRgth;fs;

ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; md;g [ld;

ngrntz;Lk; . kdjpy; mth;fSf;F ey;y

  20

vz;zj;ijf; bfhLf;Fk;go ,iwtid

gpuhh ;j ;jpf ;f ntz;Lk; .

ghpRj ;jkhd ,jaj;ijg; my;yJ kdj;ijg;

kdpjd; bgw;wpUg;gnj "hdk; bgWtjw;F Kjy;

jFjp MFk;/ ,e ;j ghpRj ;j kdk; mwk; jtk;

$gk; jpahdk; Kjypa gapw ;r papidj; bjhlh ;e ;J

bra;J te;jhy; jhd; bgw Koa[k ; / Kjypy; rpwe ;j

FUtplk; brd;W jd;id mog;gilapy; jpUj;jp

mthplk; ey;yhrp bgw;W nkw;fz;l

gapw ;r papidj; bjhlh ;e ;J bra;J tuntz;Lk; .

,jw;F Kjypy; kdk; vd;why ; vd;d vd;W

bjhpe ;J bfhs;sntz;Lk; .

8. ghpRj;j kdk;

kdk; ,uz;L tifg;gLtJ. xd;W cs;kdk;

,d;bdhd;W g [wkdk; (btspkdk;)

8.1 btspkdk;

btspkdkhdJ gytpj Mrhghr';fSf;F

cl;gl;lJ. mjDila Jizth;fshd bka;

tha; fz; fhJ \f;F Mfpa Ie;J g [yd;fs;

jhd; ek;Kila btspkdij

Ml;og;gilf;Fk; . gytpjkhd Rf';fis

mDgtpf ;fj ; J}z;Lk; . ,jd; \yk; gy

  21

,d;dy;fs; neUk; . !;ghpr Rfk; jPz;ly;

,d;gk; nghd;wtw;iwj; njhw ;Wtpf ;Fk; .

njfk; kdpjidj; jtwhd ghijapy;

nghfr ;bra;a [k ; . ,jpypUe;J tpLgl

Kaw;rpf ;f ntz;Lk; .

tha; ngRtjw;Fk; rhg ;gpLtjw;Fk; cjt[tJ.

mnj rkak; bfl;ltw;iw ngRtjw;Fk;

rhg ;gpLtjw;Fk J}z;LtJ.

fz; ,J kpfg;bghy;yhjJ. kdpjDf;F

kpfkpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ,e ;j fz; ghh ;g ;gJ

vy;yhk; mDgtpf ;f ntz;Lk; vd;w

Miriaj; J}z;LtJk; mwpit tsh;f ;f

gof;f cjt[tJk; ,f;fz;fns/

MH;kdija[k ; ghh ;itapy; ghh ;j ;J kdjpy;

gjpaitf;Fk; kpfKf;fpakhd

mitafkhFk; .

fhJ ,d;dpiriaf; nfl;gJ kw;Wk; ngRtJ

gy ey;yJ bfl;lJ nghd;w tptfhu';fis

nfl;f cjt[tJ.

\f;F thridfis mDgtpg ;gJld;

kdfpsh ;r ;r pfisa[k ; Vw ;glj;j ,e;j cWg;g [

bray;gLk; .

  22

,g;go Ik;g [yd;fs; tHpahf btspkdkhdJ

murhl;rp bra;J kdpjid ey;yJ bfl;lJ

,d;gk; Jd;gk; vd;W Ml;og; gilf;Fk; .

Mfnt ,e;j btspkdk; ml';fpdhy;jhd;

cs;kdk; jpwf ;Fk; .

8.2 cs;kdk;

cs;kdkhdJ vija[k ; bra;af;ToaJ.

mjw;F ey;yit bfl;lit bjhpahJ.

btspkdk; vd;d brhy;fpwnjh mij

mg;gona bra;a [k ; my;yJ

epiwntw;wptpLk; rf ;jp ,jw;F cz;L.

cs;kdjpd; Mw;wy; mghukhdJ. ,jd;

rf ;jpfis vGj;jhy; mstpl;Lf;Tw KoahJ.

gytpjkhd Mghr jPa vz;z';fis mfw;wp

ekf;F vJ njitnah mij

czh;t[g ;g {h ;tkhf cs; kdJf;Fj;

bjhpag;gLj;jp tpl ;lhy; cs;kdk; mij

mg;gona epiwntw;wp tpLk;

Mw;wy;gilj;jJ.

Ik;g [yd;fshy; Ml;og;gilf;Fk;

btspkdij mlf;Ftjw;Fjhd \r;Rgapw ;r p

jpahdk; ke ;jpu';fs; ghuhaz';fs; Kjypad

bra;antz;Lk; .

  23

Kjypy; btspkdij xUepiyg; gLj;j

ntz;Lk; . ,jpy; btw;wp bgw;why;

cs;kdjpy; ekJ ntz;Lnfhis brhy;tJ

kpfr ;Rygk; .

kdjpw ;Fk; Rthrj;jpw ;Fk; ,ilbtsp

,y;yhj bjhlh ;g [z;L. kdk; ve ;j mst[

bray;gLfpwnjh me;j mst[ \r;Rf ;

fhw ;wpd; mst[k ; bray;gLk; .

btspkdij mlf;fr ; rhd;nwhh ;fs; ,uz;L

cghaj;ijf; ifahz;lhh ;fs; .

1 . xd;W jj ;Jt h Pjpahf ,e;j vz;zk; ;

j PikahdJ vdnt ,ijj; js;sptpl

ntz;Lk; vd;W jd;Dila

mwpt[g ;g {h ;tkhd rpe ;jidapy;

xt;bthU jPa vz;zjija[k ; xJf;fp

kdij jd;Dila mwptpd;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L tUtJ.

2 . ,d;bdhd;W \r;Rf ;fhw ;W h Pjpahf

ml';fhj fhisia mlf;Ftjw;F

bra;fpd;w cgak; nghy ml';fhj

kdij mlf;f \r;R gapw ;r p bra;J

\r;Rf ;fhw ;iw mlf;fpj ; jd;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L tUtJ.

,Jnt kdkl';fpdhy; \r;R ml';Fk

  24

\r;rl';fpdhy; kdk; ml';Fk;

vd;gjhFk; .

3 . kdpjd; rKjhak; vd;fpd;w gpizg;gpy ;

mfg;gl;Lf; bfhz;Ls;shd; . mtd;

md;whlk; gy;ntW tpra';fis re ;jpf ;f

ntz;oa NH;epiyf; ifjpahfp

thGfpwhd; . Mfnt mtDf;F rpe ;jpj ;J

kdij mwpt[g ;g {h ;tkhfr ; brYj;jp

kdkl';fr ; bra;tJ vspjhd

fhhpakpy;iy. fhuzk; nahrpg ;gjw ;F

fhyk; nghJtJ ,y;iy. Mfnt jw;fhy

NH;epiyapy; \r;Rg; gapw ;r papd;

\yk;jhd; kdij mlf;f ntz;oa

fl;lha epiyapy; cs;shd; .

kdjpd; bray; totk; Kd;ng ghu ;j ;njhk; .

kdk; jj ;Jtf;Tw;wpy ; bray;gLtij

,g;nghJ ghu ;g ;nghk; .

9. me;jf;fhuzk;-4

kdk; g [j ;jp mf';fhuk; rpj ;jk; vd ehd;F

tifg;gLk; . xU bghUis mwpa g [yd;fshd

bka; tha; fz; \f;F brtp vd;git g[wj ;nj

,Ue;J bray;gLfpd;wd. mit jUk;

tpra';fisg; gjpt [ bra;J mfk; ; cs;ns ,Ue;J

bray; gLfpd;wd. mfj;nj epd;W bray;gLk;

  25

fUtp mff;fUtpfs; my;yJ me;jf ;fuzk;

MFk; .

9.1 kdk;

VnjDk; xU bghwpthapyhf tUk;

bghwpfspd; bra;jpfis me;jg ;bghUspd;

kPJ epWj;jp ,J ,d;djhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd

epidj;J re ;njf epiyapy; ,Ug;gnj kdk;

vdg;gLk; /

9.2 g[j;jp

mJ ,Jjhd; vd epr ;rapf ;Fk; .

9.3 mf';fhuk;

,e;j epr ;ra czh;t [ bray;totk; bgw

fUtp fuzhjpfs; Cf;Ftpf ;f vGk;g [k ;

epfH ;r ;r pna mf';fhuk; /

9.4 rpj;jk;

,e ;j bray;ghLifs Kot[f ;Ff; bfhz;L

tUjy; rpj ;jk ; vd;gjhFk; .

Md;khthdJ kdk; Kjypa fUtpfisf;

bfhz;L czUk;nghJ mt;t[zh;t [ gw ;Wjy;

  26

epr ;rapj ;jy; xUg;gl;L vGjy; rpe ; ;j pj ;jy; vd

ehd;F tifg;gLk; . ,dp xU bghUis ,d;dJ

vd epr ;rapf ;Fk; g [j ;jp / mjid Kd;ida

gHf;fk; gw ;wp mjd; tpidf;F <lhf mijj;

jdf;F cwthfnth gifahfnth bghJthfnth

czUk; . ,g;go czh;jyhy; ; ,d;gk; Jd;gk ;

kaf;fk; vd \d;W tpj Fz';fSs; xd;whf

ghpzkpf ;Fk; . ,t;thW ghpzkpj ;J epw ;Fk;

g [j ;j pia Md;kh ,J Jd;gk; ,J ,d;gk; ,J

,uz;Lkpy;yhjJ vd mwpe ;J gpd; mf;Fzk;

njhd;Wfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ehd; ,d;g [w ;nwd;

Jd;g [w ;wnd; ka';fpndd; vd czUk;.

,t;t[zh;t [fs; ; fhl;rpfs; MFk; . g [wj ;nja[s;s ;

fz;qf; fpdpabjhU bghUisf; fz;L ,d;g [Wk;

nghJ Kd;dh ; ,J njhd;whfhl;rpa [k ; ,d;dbjd

czUk; khdrf;fhl ;rpa [k ; ,J ,d;d ,d;gk;

vd;Dk; jd; ; czh;t [ fhl;rpa [k ; xd;wd;gpd;

xd;whf fhuz fhhpa Kiwapy; fly; miynghy;

Md;khtpd; czh;tpy ; te ;J njhd;Wk; .

,g;goahf Md;kjj;Jtk; 24-k ; Md;kht[f ;Fj ;

J}atotpy; neu ; bjhlh ;g [ld; bray; gLfpd;wd.

rpj ;jh ;fs; kdij ghpgf;Ftk; bra;tjd; \yk;

"hdj;ijg; bgwKoa[k ; vd;W czh;e ;J bjhpe ;J

mjw;F m#;lh';f nahfk; vd;W vl;L tifahd

gapw ;r pfis tFj;Jf; bfhLj;Js;shh ;fs; .

  27

xUtd; j';f Mguzk; bra;a ntz;Lbkd;why;

ciyapy; ,l;L fha;r ;r p j';fj ;ij jfLfshf;fp

fk ;gpfshf;fp gf ;Ftkhf ;fp Mguzk;

bra;fpd;whnd. mJnghy kdija[k ; cliya[k ;

nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf ;Ftg;gLj;jp "hdk; bgw

cfe;j tHpfisf; ifahz;lhh ;fs; . kf;fSf;Fk;

gy;ntWtpjkhd nahf E}y ;fs; \yk;

vGjpitj;Js;shh ;fs; .

Mfnt jFe;j gapw ;r papd; \yk; g [yd;fis

btsp tptfhu';fspy; nghftpl;L Mjpf ;fk;

brYj;jtplhky; g [yd;fis bty;tjw;Fg;

gapw ;r p ; Kiwfis fz;Lgpoj;jhh ;fs; ; . mjd;

\yk; Rthrk; jhdhff; fl;Lg;gLk; . Rthrk;

fl;Lg;gLk;nghJ kdRk; fl;Lg;gLk; . kdk;

fl;Lg;ghl ;oy; ,Uf;fpd;wth ;fns rpwe ;j

nahfpfs; .

mij mfj;jpah ; TWk;nghJ

kdkJ brk ;ikahdhy ; ke ;j puk ; brgpf ;fntz;lhk ;

kdkJ brk ;ikahdhy ; thrpia epWj ;j ntz;lhk ;

kdkJ brk ;ikahdhy ; thrpia cah ;j ;j ntz;lhk ;

kdkJ brk;ikahdhy ; ke ;j puk ; brk ;ikahnk

nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; kdj;jpwk;

bfhz;lth ;fSf;F vJt[k ; ve ;j gapw ;r pa [k ;

njitapy;iy vd;W TWtjpypUe;J kdij

  28

brk;ikahf itj;J thH gHfpf ;bfhs;s

ntz;Lk; . vJt[k ; gHf;fkhfp gpd;g [ tHf;fkhf

khWfpwJ. Mfnt ey;y tHf;fkhf

ey;yth ;fshf thH KaYnthk; .

10. kdpj Md;kh

,iwtd; cyfpy ; gy $Ptuhrpfisg; gilj;jhh ; .

84 yl;rk ; ; $Ptuhrpfs; vd;W TWth; rhd;nwhh ; .

Mdhy; ehk ; mwpe ;jJ vd;dnth xU E}W

,UE}W vd;whny mjpfk; . ,jpny kdpjdpd;

gilg;g [ kpft[k ; mhpa xd;W. mwpt[

KGikaile;j xd;W vd;W brhy;fpd;wdh;

"hdpfs; .

7 tifgpwg;g [ 4tifj;njhw ;wk; 84 yl;rk ;

$Ptuhrpfs; midj;Jnk Md;khf ;fs;

Tl;lk;jhd; . Mdhy; ,tw;wpy ; kdpjDf;F

kl;Lnk rpwg ;gwpt [ cz;L. mijj;jhd; MwhtJ

mwpt[ vd;W Md;nwhh ;fs; TWfpd;wdh ; .

kdpjdhy; kl;Lnk jhd; ahh ; vd;W mwpa[k ;

rpwg ;ghw ;wy; ,Ug;gjhy; kdpjd; kdpjdhfp

g [dpjdhfp gpd; flt[s; Mfpd;w nguhw ;wiyg;

bgwKofpwJ. mjdhy; kdpjd;

kpfr ;r pwe ;jtdhfg; nghw ;wg ; gLfpwhd; .

fhuzfhhpa';fisf; fz;lwpa [k ; Mw;wy; kdpj

mwpt[f ;F kl;Lnk cz;L.

  29

mjdhny jhd; cly; ,af;fk ; vd;w fhhpaj ;jpw ;F

g [yd; ,af;fk; fhuzk;/ g [yd; ,af;fj ;jpw ;F

vd;w fhhpaj ;jpw ;F fhuzk; vz;zk; / ,g;go

xt;bthd;iwa[k ; fz;lwpa [k ; Mw;wy; kdpj

Md;kht[f ;F cz;L. mjdhy;jhd; g [yd;fs;

Ie ;ija[k ; fle ;J mjw;F nky; brd;W xt;bthU

epfH;r ;r pf ;Fk; / njhw ;wj ;jpw ;Fk; fhuzk; vd;d

fhhpak; vJ vd;W fz;L gpof;Fk; Mw;wy;

Md;khtpw ;F cz;L/ g [yd;fs; fl;Lg;ghL

eP' ;fpa Md;kh J}a Md;khthf khWfpwJ.

me;j J}a Md;khthy;jhd; gpw caph ;fs;

bgWfpd;w Jd;g';ifs ,d;g';fis mtw;wpd;

czh;r ;r pfspd; mst[fis fzpj ;J ,w';fp

cjt[k ; fUiza[s;sk; bgwKofpwJ.

kdpjdpd; cly; fUtpfSf;Fj; njitahf

Jizahf gytpjkhd Ma[j';fs;

,ae;jpu';fisf; fz;L gpoj;J gad;gLj;j jFjp

bgw;wJk; kdpj Md;khjhd; . jd; ,dk; njhd;wp

tHptHpahf gl;l mDgt';fspd; gpujpgypg ;ghf

kdpj thH;f ;ifia tskhf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ,nj

kdpj Md;khtpw ;F cz;L.

gynfho caphpd';fs; thGfpd;w ,e;j g{kpna

cyfk; . ,e ;j cyfj;ijg; nghd;W vj;jidnah

cyfk; vj ;jidnah nfhs:fs; mz;l

nguz;l';fs; bfhz;l gpug";rkhf cs;sJ.

,e;jg ; gpug";rj ;jpy ; kdpjd; vd;gtd; rpW mq

  30

nghd;wtd; jhd; / nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpy ; kdpj

Md;kh mqnghd;wJ. ,Ue;jhYk; kdpj

Md;khjhd; ,e ;j gpug";rj ;ij mspf ;fpwJ.

nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; xg;gw ;w rf ;jpfis

fz;Lgpof;fpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd;

mirt[fisf;Tl fzf;fpl ;Lf ; Tw KofpwJ.

nfhs;fspd; njhw ;w';fisa[k ; / mjd;

r";rhuj ;ija[k ; el;rj ;jpuf ;Tl;l';fisa[k ;

bray;ghLfisa[k ; fzf;fpl KofpwJ. nghpaf;f

kz;ly ,af;fj ;jpd; Mw;wy;fis vy;yhk; kdpj

Md;kh fzf;fpLk; Mw;wiyg; bgw;Ws;sJ

vd;why; ,e ;j kdpj Md;khtpw ;F nghpaf;f

kz;lyj;ijg; nghd;w khbgUk; Mw;wy; cs;sJ

vd;gij mwpa KofpwJ. me;j Mw;wy;

,y;iybad;why; nghpaf ;f kz;ly epfH;r ;r pfis

mwpa KoahJ.

kdpj Md;kh kfj;jhd rf;jp bgw;wJ. rpwg ;g [g ;

bgw;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; nfhs;fspy; eilbgWk;

,af;f';fisa[k ; mjpy; fhqk;

njhw ;wf';isa[k ; / Fz';fisa[k ; / fz;lwpe ;J

rpwg ;ghf Md;kh thH;fpwJ. mjd; rpwg ;ig

kdpj Md;kh kl;Lnk czh;fpwJ. mjdhy;

jhd; kdpj Md;kh ,aw;ifg; gpug";rj ;ij

czh;e ;J nghw ;w p tHpgl;L mjpy; fyf;f

Kaw;rpf ;fpwJ. kdpjd; xUtnd ,e;j

,aw;ifapd; nguhw ;wy; cz;ikia czh;e ;jtd; ; .

mwptpd; tsh ;r ;r p ghpzhkj;jpny kdpj mwpnt

  31

Kothd cr;rkhd Koitj;jUfpwJ. kdpj

mwptpnyjhd; nghpaf ;f kz;ly epfH;r ;r pfis

mwpaKofpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd;

Kot[fs;Tl kdpj mwptpny r';fkkhfpwJ.

mj;jifa mwpt[ clw;TW bgw;wtnd kdpjd; .

mtd; jd; Md;khit czh;fpd;w J}a nguwpnt

"hdk; .

Md;kh jdJ jPa gjpt[fis ePf ;fpg ;

guk;bghUis czh;e ;J kPz;Lk; gpwthj tHp

czh;e ;J fiunawnt cliy fl;of; bfhz;lJ.

mijf;fhj ;Jk; tUfpwJ. g [yd;fshy; r pf ;fpj ;

jtpj ;J fl;Lz;L khia vd;fpw tpy';fpd;

thapy ; mfg;gl;L mwpt[ bjspt[ mw;w epiyapy;

brayhw;Wk; mnj rkak; mJnt jd;Dila

gl;lwpthy; bjspe ;j mwpt[ bgw;W bjspe ;j

epiyapYk; brayhw ;Wfpd;wJ.

11. czh;r;rp - czh;t[ - kdk;

kdpj cliy czh;r ;r p vd;w bray;ghL bghpJk;

gPoj ;Jf ; bfhz;Ls;sJ. kdpj clypy; ,uj ;jk ;

btg;gk; fhw ;W mjdjd; ghijfspy; r Puhf

bray;gl;L tUfpwJ. clypYs;s mqf;fs;

Tl;lj;jpw ;F mJnt Mnuhf;fpaj ;ijf;

bfhLf;fpwJ. ,it rPuhf Kiwahf

bray;glhky; ,uj;jnkh fhw ;nwh btg;gnkh

khWgl;L bray;gLkhdhy; ve ;j ,lj;jpy ;

  32

khWghlhfr ; bray;gLfpwnjh me;j ,lj;jpy ;

cs;s mqf;Tl;lk; eypt[Wk; . mg;nghJ

$Ptrf;jpahd capUf;Fj ; Jd;gk; vd;fpw

czh;itj;jUk; . ,j;jifa Jd;gj ;jpy ; ,Ue;J

tpLgl VjhtJ xU tHpiaj;njLfpwJ. mJ xU

brayhfnth bghUshfnth NH;epiyahfnth

,Uf;fyhk; / ,e ;j njlny ehl;lkhfpwJ/

Kaw;rpahfpwJ/ gpd;g [ brayhf;fk; bgWfpwJ.

,e;j njlypd; bjhlh ;gaznk Jd;g

czh;thft[k ; njita[zh;thft[k ;

Kaw;rpahft[k ; brayhft[k ; ,d;gJd;g

tpist[fshft[k ; bjspthft[k ; Kothft[k ;

tph pe ;J bray;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf clnyhL

bfhz;l bjhlh ;ghy; capUf;F Vw;gLk;

mDgt';fspd; bjhFg;ghf kdk vd;w

Nl;Rkf;fUtp bray;gL:fpwJ.

12. kdk; vd;Dk; khaNl;Rkf;fUtp

kdjpy; cjak; MFk; xU bray;ghl;il

vz;zk; vd;W TWfpnwhk; . vz;zk; vd;gJ

kdjpd; xU rf;jp MFk; . btl;lbtsp

btspa[yfpy ; g [wg ;bghUsplk; Mfh;#zk; vd;w

fth ;e ;jpGf;Fk; <h ;g ;g [r ; rf ;jp ,Ug;gijg;

nghyt[k ; me;j <h ;g ;g [r ; rf ;jpia vjphpilahf

tpyf;fpj ;js;Sk; tpfh ;#z rf;jp ,Ug;gijg;

nghyt[k ; vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpy; ,Uf;Fk;

xUtif rf ;jpahFk; . ,aw;ifapy; vy;iyaw;w

  33

Mw;wy; ml';fpa [s ;sd. ,e;j ,aw;iff;

fs";rpaj ;jpypUe;J kdJ vd;w fUtpahdJ

rpwpjst[ Mw;wiy fpufpj ;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

mt;tpjk; fpufpj ;j me;j rf ;jpia kdk;

jdf;Fhpajhf Mf;fpf ;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF me;jr ;

rf ;jpia mJ vz;z';fshf btspna

brYj;JfpwJ. ,e;j rf ;jp ekJ cztpd; \yKk;

Rthrpf ;fpd ;w fhw ;wpd; \yKk; tUfpwJ/

cztpd; \yk; cly; ,af;fk;

eilbgWtJnghy/ mnj cztpd; \yk;

Nl;rkkhd ntW rf;jpfSk; cz;L

gz;zg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Nl;Rk rf ;jpfis mJ

ehk; vz;z';fs; vd;W brhy;Yk; totj;jpy ;

btspna js;SfpwJ.

Mfnt kdk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLtJ

mwpt[s ;sjy;y vd;gij mwpfpnwhk; . Mdhy;

mJ mwpt[s;sJ nghy; njhd;WfpwJ. mt;tpjk;

mJnjhd;Wtjw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;why;

mwpt[s ;s Mj;kh mjd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

cz;ikapy; Mj;kh xd;nw xd;W kl;Lk;jhd;

mwpt[g ; bghUshf ,Uf;fpwJ. kdk; vd;gJ

btspa[yfj ;ij Mj;kh gw ;Wtjw;Fg; gad;gLk;

fUtpahf kl;Lnk ,Uf;fpwJ.

cjhuzkhf ,e;jg ;g [j ;jfj ;ij

vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk; . g [wj ;jpy ; g [j ;jfk; vd;w

totj;jpy ; ,Uf;Fk; ,e ;jg ;bghUis

  34

cz;ikapy; ehk; mwpe ;J bfhs;tjpy ;iy.

mwpe ;J bfhs;s Koahj ,e;jg;bghUs; ekJ

kdijr;brd;W jhf ;fp xU J}z;Ljiy mjhtJ

miyfis cz;L gz;qfpd;wd. ,e;j

J}z;LjYf;F gjpy ; jUk; tifapy; kdk;

g [j ;jfk; vd;w totj;ijg; bghUs;gLj;JfpwJ.

,t;tpjkhf jz;zPhpy ; miyfs;

cz;lhtijg;nghy kdjpy; vz;z miyfs;

njhd;Wfpd;wd. btspna ,Uf;fpd;w cyfk;

kdjpy; miyfs; njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf

,Uf;fpwJ. g [j ;jfj ;jpd; cUtnkh ahidapd;

cUtnkh kdpjdpd; cUtnkh btsp cyfj;jpy ;

,y;iy. mjhtJ mtw;iwg;gw ;wp

btspapypUe;J tUk; J}z;LjYf;Fg; gjpyhf

ekJ kdjpy; Vw ;gl;l tpUj;jpfisg; gw ;wp

kl;Lk;jhd; ehk; mwpe ;jpUf;fpnwhk; . g [wj ;jpy ;

,Ug;gJ kdjpy ; ,r ;rj ;jpia cz;L

gz;qtjw;F fhuzkhf kl;Lnk

mike;jpUf;fpwJ.

,e ;j cz;ikia tpsf;Ftjw;F xU Kj;Jr ;

rpg ;gpia cjhuzkhf vLj;Jf ; bfhs;nthk; .

Kj;J vg;go cz;lhfpwJ vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk;

bjhpe ;jnj. g [wj ;jpy ; ,Uf;Fk; xl;Lz;zpahf

xU fpUkp Kj;Jr ;rpg ;gpapd; Xl;Lf;Fs; g [Fe ;J

mij cWj;JfpwJ. mjhtJ rpg ;gpf ;Fs;

,Uf;Fk; g{r ;r pia mJ epdt[f ;F cl;gLj;JfpwJ.

,e;j bjhe ;jutpypUe;J tpLtpg ;gjw ;fhf rpg ;gp

  35

kpDkpDg;ghf xUtpj jputj;ij mjhtJ

vdhky; giria ff;fp btspg ;gLj;JfpwJ. gpwF

rpg ;gp jdf;F cgj;jputk; tpistpj ;j fpUkpia

Rw;wpYk; me;j vdhky; giriag; g{r p fpUkpia

\o kiwj;J tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; Kj;J

cz;lhfpwJ. ekJ mDgtj;jpy ; Kj;J

cz;lhtjw;F xl;Lz;zp fpUkp fhuzkhf

,Ug;gJnghy btspcyfk; ekJ mDgtj;jpw ;F

mog;gilf; fhuzkhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ.

rpg ;gpf ;Fs; fpUkp g [FtJ nghy; Ik;g [yd;fs;

tHpahf g [Fe ;J gpug";rk; ekf;Fg; g [yg;gLfpwJ.

rpg ;gp vdhky; giria btspg ;gLj;JtJ nghy

,e;j gpug";r braiy ehk; mwpfpnwhk; .

,t;tpjk; kdjpy; eilbgWk; braiy rhjhuz

kdpjdhy; xUnghJk; mwpe ;J bfhs;s KoahJ.

Vbddpy; mt;tpjk; mtd; bjhpe ;J bfhs;s

Kaw;rp bra;a [k ; mnjrkaj;jpy ; jd; vdhky;

giria btspna mDg;g [fpwhd; . gpwF

jd;Dila me;j vdhky; g{r ;irna ghh ;f ;fpwhd; .

Mfnt kdk; cz;Lgz;zpa mDgtj;ijj;

jtpu ntW vija[k ; kdpjdhy; g [h pe ;J bfhs;s

,aYtjpy ;iy.

cz;ikahd Md;kh kdjpw ;F gpd;dhy;

,Uf;fpwJ. mjd; ifapy; cs;s fUtpahf kdk;

,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikahd kdpjdhfpa eP (Mj;kh)

epw ;Fk;nghJjhd; kdk; mwpt[ilajhfpwJ.

  36

mg;nghJjhd; kdJf;F mwpe ;J bfhs;Sk;

jpwika[z;lhfpwJ. Mj;kh kdijf;

iftpl ;LtpLk;nghJ mJ J}s;Jshfr ;

rpjwpg ;ngha; xd;Wnk ,y;yhky; btWik

mile;J tpLfpwJ.

,g;nghJ kdk; vd;d vd;gijg; g [h pe ;J

bfhz;Oh ;fs; . rpj ;jk ; kdk; vy;yhk; xU

,Ug;gplkhFk; . mjpy ; vGfpd;w miyfSf;Fk;

RHpfSf;Fnk tpUj;jp vd;w bgah; . ,e ;j

tpUj;jpapd; \ynk ek;khy; mwpag;gLk; cyfk;

ekf;F gpug";rkhf tps';FfpwJ.

Md;kh kdk; vd;w epiyapy; tpUj;jp vd;w

miyfshYk; RHpfshYk; ,d;g';fisa[k ;

Jd;g';fisa[k ; mDgtpj ;J mjpnyna MH;e ;J

yapj ;J jdJ gpwtp nehf;fj ;ij kwe;J kha

cyfpy ; thGk;nghJ mof;fo

czh;r ;r ptrg;gLfpwJ. mj;jifa

czh;r ;r ptrg;gLk; Md;khjhd; nguhir rpdk;

gw ;W ghy;fth ;r ;r p cah ;t [ jhH ;t [ t";rk;nghd;w

mWtif Fz';fshf khw ;wk ; bgWfp ;wJ.

Md;kh ,g;gog;gl;l Fz';fspd; vGfpd;w

vGr;rpapd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

gHpr ;bray;fs; bra;J jdf;Fk; gpwh ;f ;Fk;

Jd;gj ;ij cz;lhf ;FfpwJ. Mfnt gpug";r

khiaapy; Md;kh cHd;W jtpg ;gij jtph ;j ;J

  37

khia kaf;fj ;jpypUe;J tpLgl rpj ;jh ;fs ;

cz;lhf ;fpa gapw ;r pna nahfh my;yJ nahfk;

vd;gjhFk; .

13. nahfk;

nahfj;jpw ;F Kf;fpakhf gad;gLk; fUtpna

kdkhFk; . ,e ;j kdkhdJ J}a ;ikahf

,Uf;fntz;Lk; / kdk; khR kUtw;w J}a ;ikapy;

,Uf;Fk; nghJ bjspthf ,Uf;Fk; . e Ph py ; e Ph pd ;

mokl;lj;ijf; fhz;gJnghy bjspe ;j kdj;jhy;

cz;ikg; bghUisf; fhz Koa[k ; . me;j khR

goe;j Jha;ikaw;w kdijg; gz;gLj;Jk;

bewpna nahfk; .

kdkhdJ mwpthfp Md;k czh;itg; bgw;W

tpHpg ;gpy ; jd; \yk; eho xL';Fk;nghJ jd;id

bka;bghUshfnt czh;e ;J bfhs;fpd;w ,e;j

KGik ngw;wpid miltjw;Fj; njit nahfk; ;

vd;w clw;gapw ;r pna MFk;.

14. bka;g;bghUs:

btl;lbtspjhd; cz;ikahd bka;g ;bghUs; .

mg;bghUspny ehDk; ,Uf;fpnwd; vd;W

czh;e ;J btl;l btspapny njhd;wpa

caphpd';fs; mj;jida[k ; vd; cld;

  38

gpwe ;njhh ;fns vd;w mf czh;t [ gpwe ;J ve ;j

caphpd';fSf;Fk; Jd;gk ; mspf ;ff ;TlhJ.

Jd;gg;gLfpd;w caph ;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;o

,d;gj ;Jld; thGk; thH;f ;ifjhd; tPLngW

MFk; . ,ij mila[k ; $Ptd;jhd;

Md;khthFk; .

btl;lbtsp bgUbtspahfpa

bka;g ;bghUisna thdk; vd;Wk; thd; vd;Wk;

TWth; . tPL ngW bgw;wth ;fis (thd;+ mth; )

thdth; vd;W TWth; / njth ; vd;Wk; TWth; .

(jhd; + mth) ; jd;id mtuhff; fz;l

fhuzj;jhy; jhdth; jiytd; vd;Wk; TWth; .

jdJ gue ;j mwpthy; vg ;bghGJk; btl;l btsp

bka;bghUSld; ,izj;J rjhfhyk; epyt[k ;

braYkhf ,Uf;fpd;wth ;fSf;F mth;fspd;

cs;sj;jpd; epiy Rth ;f ;fk; (Rth ; + mfk;) . Rth ;

vd;why; nghpd;gk; .

fLe;jtj;jpd; \yk; Md;khthdJ jd;dpiy

tpsf;fk; bgWfpwJ/ mg;go tpsf;fk; bgWfpd;w

J}a epiyiaj;jhd; "hdk; vd;fpd;wdh ; . ,e ;j

KGik ngw;iwna rhd;nwhh ;fs; tPLngW

vd;Wk; TWfpd;wdh ; . tPL vd;why; ,lk; my;yJ

Mjhuk; vd;W bgah ; . fhuzk; ,y;yhky; fhhpak;

gpwg ; ;gjpy ;iy. Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; Mnjak;

gpwg;gjpy ;iy. ve ;j njhw ;wj ;jpw ;Fk; xU Mjhuk;

  39

,Ue;njahfntz;Lk; . mJnghy; Md;khtpw ;Fk;

Xh ; Mjhuk; ,Ue;jhfntz;Lk; . mjw;F Mjhuk;

(vJ) ,lk; Mf cs;sJ vd Muha;e ;jhy;

Kothf ekf;Ff ; fpilf;Fk; tpil ve;j

MjhuKk; ,y;yhj xU bghUns

vy;yhtw;wpw ;Fk; Mjhukhft[k ; ,lkhft[k ;

,Ug;gJ czug;bgWk; . cjhuzkhf

nfhapy ;nky; fyrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fyrj;jpw ;F

nfhapy ; nfhg [uk ; Mjhukhf cs;sJ/

nfhg[uj ;jpw ;F g{kp Mjhukhf cs;sJ. g{kpf ;F

btl;lbtsp ,lkhf cs;sJ. btl;lbtspf ;F

Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh> ,y;iy. mjd; moKoiaf;

fhzKoahJ vd;gij tpsf;fnt mfj;jpaUk;

ghug ;gh moKoa[e ; njog ;nghd

gjpthd khyaD'; fhzh bud;W

neug ;gh ntj Kiuj ;j pl ;l bra ;j p

e Ps ; g [t papy ; ahth ;f ;Fk; ciuj ;j pl ;l bra ;j p

brsrh -1 18

btl;lbtspia msf;f ,ayhJ vd;gij

tpsf;fnt jpUkhy; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J

rptd; ghjj;ijf;fhzr; brd;whh ; vd;t[k ; gpuk ;kh

md;dg;gl;r p totk; bfhz;L rptd;Ko fhz

nkny brd;whh ; vdt[k fij \yk;

brhd;dhh ;fs; . btl;lbtsp vd;why;

mjw;bfd;W Mjhuk; ,y;iy. Mfnt mJ

KjyhfpwJ. mjpypUe;Jjhd;njhw ;wg ;bghUs;

  40

njhd;wpapUf;f ntz;Lk; . vdnt btl;l

btspna MjpahdJ/ mjw;F ntW Mjhuk;

,y;yhjjhy; mJnt mehjpahdJ. btl;lbtsp

vd;fpw tPl ;od; ,af;f rf ;jpahy; mfk;njhd;wp

mfj;jhy; ,d;gk; njhd;wp ; gpd;du ; nghpd;g

cs;sj;ijg; bgw;wth ;fns Rth;fnyhf thrpfs;

vd;gjhFk; .

btl;lbtspjhd; bka;g ;bghUs; vd;gjw ;F

bka;g ;bghUs; fz;L tps';Fk ; bka; "hdpf ;F

fw ;g' ;fs ; VJf ;fo> Fjk ;gha ;

fhzhkw ; fz;L fUj ;njhL ,Ug;nghh ;f ;F

t Pzhir VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

e pj ;j piu bfl ;L e pidnthL ,Ug;nghh ;f ;F

Kj ;j piu VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

je ;j pukhd jye ;jd ;dpy ; e pw ; nghhf ;F

ke ;j puk ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

Kj ;jkpH ; fw ;W Ka';Fk; bka; "hdpf ;F

rj ;j' ;fs ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

cr ;r pf ;F nky; brd;W cah ;btsp fhz;nghh ;f ;F

,r ;r pg ;g p' ;F VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

ntfhky ; bte ;J btspapidf; fhz;nghh ;f ;F

nkhfhe ;jk ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

rhfhky ; jhz;o jdptHp nghnthh ;f ;F

Vfhe ;jk ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

Mde;jk ; bgh' ;f p mwpnthL ,Ug;nghh ;f ;F

J}de ;jhd ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

  41

rpj ;j puf ; Tlj ;ij j pdk; j pdk ; fz;nlhh ;f ;F

gj ;j puk ; VJf ;fo> Fjk ;gha ;

jd ;id mwpe ;J jiytidr; nrh ;e ;njhh ;f ;Fg ;

g pd ;dhir VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

brj ;jhiug ; nghyj ; j ph pa [k ; bka; "hdpf ;F

ifj ;jhsk ; VJf ;fo> Fjk;gha ;

Fjk ;igr ;r pj ;jh ;

gpwg;gpd; Mjpiaa[k ; Koita[k ; mwpe ;j

"hdpfSf;F vJt[nk njitapy;iy vd;gij

tpsf;fnt Fjk;igr;rpj ;jh ; nkw;fz;l ghly;

\yk; tpsf;fp TWtijf; fhzyhk; .

cz;ikahd bghUspd; tpsf;fj ;ij Md;kh

mwpa[k ;nghJjhd; ek;Kila kaf;fkhd khia

ek;ik tpl ;L tpyFfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd;

bghUshf ,Uf;Fk; xd;iw bghUshff; fUJk;

bka;a [zh;t [k ; Vw ;gLfpd;wJ.

,g;nghJ bka;g ;bghUs; vd;why; vd;d

vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk; fpilj;Js;sJ.

15. $Pthj;kh guhkhj;kh

v';nfnah btl;lbtspapy ; njhd;wpa

guhkhj;khtpy; njhd;wpaJjhd; ; $Pthj ;kh/

gukhj ;khtpw ;F Mjhuk; ,y;iy. mijna

ts;syhh ;

  42

jha ; tapw ;w py ; g pwthJ jhnd Kisj;jtu ;f ;F

bjz;ldpl ;nld; vd;W brhy ;yo

vd;w ghly; \yk; bjhl;Lfhl ;oaij mwpayhk; .

$Pthj;khtpw ;F gukhj ;kh Mjhuk; .

gukhj ;khtpw ;F vd;d Mw;wy; cz;nlh mnj

Mw;wy; $Pthj ;khtpYk; cz;L. gukhj;kh Xh ;

,aw;if. mnjnghy gukhj ;khtpy; njhd;wpa

$Pthj ;kht[k ; ,aw;ifapd; TW. gukhj ;khtpy;

msg;gwpa Mw;wy;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mnjnghy

$Pthj ;khtpYk; cz;L. ,e ;j $Pthj ;khtpd;

mg{h ;t rf ;jpia gad;gLj;Jtnj Mj;k "hdk;

MFk; . ,ij mwpahky; ,f thH;f ;ifapy; rpf ;f p

khiaf;F Ml;gl;L ekJ Md;khit gy

Jd;gj ;jpw ;F Mshf;Ffpnwhk; / mjdhy;

jhd; Md;khit Jd;g [Wj ;jy ; TlhJ. Md;khit

tijf;ff ;TlhJ/

Mdhy; Md;kh gyJd;g';fSf;F mshfpd;wJ.

mJ vg;go vd;why;

1 . flt[isj;njo mila Kad;Wk; mtdhy;

flt[isf;fhz Koahj epiy.

2 . thH;tpy ; tWikbaDk; gw ;whf ;Fiw

  43

3. bra;fpd;wbray;fspd; tpist[fisg;gw ;wp

mwpahik. mwpe ;Jk; myl;rpak;

bra;fpd;w epiy/ mtkjpj ;J mjdhy;

Jd;gk; mDgtpf ;Fk; epiy.

4 . Md;khtpd; kfj;Jtk; g [h pahky; gpwh ; kPJ

mr;rKk; gif Jd;g [Wj ;jy; nghd;wtw;why ;

my;yYWk; epiy/

nkw;fz;l Fiwfs; xd;nwhblhd;W ,ize;J

thH;f ;ifapy ; gytpj rpf ;fy;fSf;F Mshfp

mtw;iw yFthfj; j Ph ;f ;f Koahky; jtpj ;J jhd;

Jd;g [w ;W gpwiuj; Jd;g [Wj ;jpa [k ; thH;fpwhd; .

,g;gog;gl;l rpf ;fyhd ,f;fl;lhd NH;epiy

tUfpwnghJ kdpjd; bjhpe ;njh bjhpahknyh

,e;j ,f;fl;oypUe;J tpLjiy bgwntz;Lk;

vd Kay;fpwhd; . xt;bthU $Pthj;khtplKk;

Fiw eP' ;fp KGik bgwntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk;

jJk;gpf ;bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. mjd; tpist[

rpe ;jid Xl;lk; gpwf ;fpwJ/ rpe ;jpf ;fpwhd; /

Kaw;rp bra;fpwhd; / Kaw;rpapd; tpist[

bray;fspy ; ,w';fp Xuhst[ czut[k ;

bra;fpwhd; . mtd; braYf;nfw;w tpist[fisf;

fhz;fpwhd; . Mj;k "hdk; ,g;nghJ mtDf;F

g [yg;gl Muk;gpf ;fpwJ.

kdpjdpd; beLe;J}ug ; gazj;jpy ; gyrpe ;jid

thjpfs; r Ph ;j pUj;jthjpfs; ty;Ydh;fs; rpj ;jh ;

  44

bgUkf;fs; nghd;nwhh ;fs; gyE}y;fs; vGjpa [k ;

nghjidfs; Twpa [k ; kdpjd; FiwghLfis

KGikahf ePf ;f Koatpy;iy/ fhuzk; kdpjd;

rKjhak; vd;fpw r';fypg ; gpizg;gpy ; thH;e ;J

bfhzL ,Ug;gjhy; jhd; FiwghLfs;

vy;yhhplKk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. fhuzk; mtdpd;

njit gHf;fk; mwptpd; tsh;r ;r p re ;jh ;g ;g

NH;epiyfs; ,tid Fiw cs;stdhf

Mf;FfpwJ. ,tw;wpy ; mwptpy ; rpwe ;j

rpyh ;kl;Lk; rpe ;jpf ;fpwhh ;fs. ; fhuz fhhpa';fis

gFj;J czUfpwhh ;fs; . mjdhy; jd; mstpy;

gapw ;r p bgw;W jd;Dila Fiwia ePf ;fpf ;

bfhs;fpwhh ;fs; . ,iwtidf; fhzntz;Lk; vd;w

Mh;tj;jpy ; jd; mwptpd; tpsf;fj ;jhy;

Fiwiag;nghf ;fpf ; bfhz;lth;fs; rpyh ; .

,tw;iw czh;e ;njhuhy; czh;j ;jg ;bgWfpwhh ;fs;

gyh ; . ,g;go gyh ; czh;e ;Jk; cgnjrk;

bgw;whYk; mth;fspy; gyngh ; jh';fs; bgw;w

tpsf;f';fSf;F Vw;g gHf;fj ;ij

khw ;wpf ;bfhs;Sk; mst[ Jzpt[ bgWtjpy;iy.

xt;bthU kdpjDk; xd;iw kwe;JtpLfpwhd; .

xt;bthU braYk; Md;khtpy;

gjpg ;gpf ;fgg;LfpwJ. Mfnt ehk; gHpr ;brhy;

,Hpthd bray; nghd;w gjpt[fis Rj;jg ;gLj;jp

J}a ;ikahf;fp guk;bghUnshL ,uz;lwf;

fyf;fnt ek; cly; xU fUtpahfr ;

bray;gLfpwJ vd;gij kwe;J cz;ikfis

  45

czuhky; ,fthH;t [ khiaapy; cHd;W bfhz;L

,Uf;fnwhk; . Md;kh mwpt[ Kjph ;e ;J

rpe ;jidapy; ; bjspt[ bgWk;nghJ jhd;

bjspe ;jth ; Rl;of;fhl;o czh;j ;Jk; nghJ jhd;

mwpt[ tpHpg ;g [ e piy milfpwJ.

mijna ts;syhh ;

“grpj ;jpU” “jdpj ;jpU” “tpHpj ;jpU” vd;W

TWfpwhh ; .

“grpj ;jpU” vd;why; vg;bghGJk;

"hdg;grpnahL ,U vd;gjhFk; .

“jdpj ;jpU” vd;gJ khiaapy; g [yd;fis

brYj;jhky; jdpj ;jpUvd;gjhFk; /

“tpHpj ;jpU” vd;gJ Md;kh khRglhky;

tpHpg ;nghL ,Ug;gJ vd;gjhFk; . ,e ;j mwptpd;

tpHpg ;g [ epiy jhd; Md;kPf thH;thFk; .

16. Md;kPf thH;t[

kdpjdpd; thH;f ;if fPH ;fz;l epiyfspy;

,a';FfpwJ

1 . ,d;gk; Jd;gk; vd;fpw thH;t [ epiy.

2 . ,aw;if tpjpj ;j CH;tpid ,iwepiy/

  46

3. rKjha mikg;g [ e Pjp mwbewp.

4 . murh';fk; .

nkw;fz;l epiyfspy; kdpj Md;khthdJ gl;L

bjsptila[k ; bjspt[jhd; thH;it

ca;tpf ;fty;yJ. Jd;g';fis fise;J

,d;gj ;ijf; ju ty;yJ.

nkw;fz;l ; epiyfspy btw;wp fhznt

rhd;nwhh ;fs; ey;y E}y ;fis vGjp rpwg ;ghf

thH tHp tiffisr; Twpr ; brd;whh ;fs; .

mtw;wpy ; fij thapyhff; TWfpd;w E}y ;fs;

gftj;fPij nghd;wJ/ fw ;gidahff;TWk;

fijfs; rpy ,uhkhazk; nghd;w fhtpa';fs; .

,j;jifa E}y ;fis gog;gjpd; \yKk; thH;f ;if;

mDgt';fspd; \yKk; gapd;W mwbewp

gpwHhJ rj ;jpak; jh ;kk; e Pjp vd;fpd;w xG';F

Kiwapy; cWjpahd gHf;fj ;ij filgpoj;J

thH;e ;jhy; kdpjDila thH;t [ rpwg ;ghft[k ;

,d;gkhft[k ; mikjpahft[k ; mika[k ; . ,Jnt

Md;kPf gazj;jpw ;F jpwt[nfhyhf mika[k ; .

,e;j cah ; bewpna Md;kPf thH;t [ vd;W

Twyhk; .

Md;khtpd; epiyawpe ;J mjd; ,ay;iga[k ;

czh;e ;J vz;zk; brhy; bray; ,tw;why;

mwbewp gpwHhJ thH;e ;J tUtJ Md;kPf

thH;thFk; . ,g;go mwbewp nghw ;wp xGfp

  47

thH;tjhy; Md;kh J}a ;ik bgw;W KGik

milfpwJ. ,J xU rpwg ;ghd Md;kPfg ; gazk;

vd;W Twyhk; . jd;Dila mwptpd; bjspthy;

,g;go thH;f ;if nkw;bfhs;tjhy; ,tw;iw

xUtif Md;k "hdk; vd;W bfhs;syhk; .

Md;kPf thH;t [ jhd; Md;k "hdj;ij jUk; /

,jw;F jdpkdpj xGf;fk ; kpf kpf Kf;fpak; /

jdpkdpj xGf;fk; Md;k "hdj;jhy; kl;Lnk

bgw Koa[nk jtpu kw;w bray;ghLfshy; bgw

KoahJ. jdpkdpj xGf;fnk xg;gw ;w

xGf;fkhd rKjhakhf khw cjt[k ; vd;gjpy ;

Iakpy ;iy. mwtHp gpwHhJ thGk; bka;"hd

tpsf;fj ;jpd; \ynk jdpkdpj xGf;fk; tsUk; .

cyf kf;fs; eyk;ngz Koa[k ; .

bka;"hd tpsf;fk; vd;fpw Md;k mwptpd;

bjspnt "hdk; . mJ mwk; jtk; vd;fpw

Kaw;rpa [s ;sth;fl ;nf fpilf;Fk; . jtg;gapw ;r p

jj ;Jt';fspd; tpsf;f';fis mwpe ;jth ;fSf;nf

mJ rhj ;jpak; . mth;fs; kl;Lk;jhd; kw ;wth ;f ;F

bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k ; tpsf;fpa [k ; ; Tw Koa[k ; /

"hdj;ij mspf ;f ,aYk; .

17. jj;Jt tpsf;fk;

mz;l btspapy ; cz;lhd Mw;wYf;F Vw;g ekJ

clyhdJ 24 jj ;Jt';fnshL To bray;gLfpwJ/

  48

18. gr";g{j';fs;

epyk; e Ph ; beUg;g [ fhw ;W Mfhak; Mfpa Ie;J

g{j';fspd; Tl;Lf;fyitahy; cz;lhdnj kdpj

cly; . nkw;fz;l Ik;g{jk ; xt;bthd;wpw ;Fk;

totk; Fzk; epwk ; vGj;J cz;L vd;W

"hdpfs; Twpa [s ;sdh; . mJ gpd;tUkhW cs;sJ.

g{jk ; tot[ e pwk ; vGj ;

J

Fzk; bjhHpy ; Fwp bja ;tk

;

fiy

kz; ehw

nfhz

k;

b g h d ;

i k

y fodk; jh' ;fy ; tr ;r pfu

k ;

mad; e pth ;j ;j

p

e Ph ; g piw b t z ; i

k

t jd;ik ghjk ;

bra ;jy ;

jhki

u

jpUkhy

;

g puj p# ;i

l

j P Kf ;

nfhz

k;

brk ;i

k

u btk;i

k

xd;W

tpj pj ;j

y ;

Rthj pf

k ;

tpj ;ij

fhw ;

W

m W n f h

z k ;

fUg ;

g [

a gue ;J rh pj ;jy ; mWg [s ;

s p

knfrd; rhe ;j p

M f h a

k ;

tl ;l

k ;

g [ i f i

k

Q btspah

jy ;

,lk ;

bfhLj ;j

y ;

mKj

g pe ;J

rjhrpt

k ;

rhe ;j pa

f Pij

  49

19. mq gukhq kw;Wk;

caph;njhw;wk;

Ie;J g{j';fs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; vl;L tpjkhd

Fzhk;r';fs"; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy ; Nl;rk

Fz';fs; vd;fpw jd;khj ;jpiu cz;L. mJnt

rg;jk; !;ghprk ; +gk; urk; fe ;jk ; vdg;gLk;

,ijna Xir CW xsp Rit kzk; vd;Wk;

TWthu ;fs; . ,e ;j Ik;g{j';fs; vg;go clypy;

bjhHpy;g [h pfpd;wd vd;W Muha[k ; nghJ gukhq

vd;fpw Mjpapy; njhd;wpa rptrf;jpapd;

jd;dpaf;f RHw;rpapdhy; mz;l nguz;l';fs;

cUthapd vd;gJ bjupatUk; . ,e ;jg ;gukhq

vd;gJ Vnjh ,d;W tp";"hdpfs;

fz;Lgpoj;jjy;y. ,J vd;nwh "hdpfshy; myrp

Muhag;gl;lit. mqf;fs; gw ;wp itnrrpf

rpj ;jhe ;jk; KGf;f KGf;f TWfpwJ. me;j

VLfs; ,d;W ,y;iy. fhyj;jhy; mHpe ;J

tpl ;ld.

mq vd;gJ jj ;Jt "hdj;jpy ; Kot[f ;F

Kothd xU cz;ikiaf; TWtJ. ,e;j

gpug";rk; my;yJ cyfj;jpd; bjhlf;fj ;jpid

mwpa Kaw;rpj ;jhy; Kjypy; Koit ehk; bjhpe ;J

bfhs;s ntz;Lk; . Kot[ v';nfnah m';nfjhd;

bjhlf;fKk; Muk;gkhFk; . v';nfh btl;l

btspapypUe;J xU E}y; bjh';Fkhdhy; mjd;

Koitg;gpoj ;Jf; bfhz;L Vwpdhy; mjd;

  50

bjhlf;fj ;ij mwpayhk; . mJnghy

gpug";rj ;jpw ;F mHptpida[k ; Muk;gj ;ija[k ;

mwpa \d;W epiyahd mst[ nfhiyf;

fz;lhh ;fs; . xU t!;Jt[f ;F mHpt[ vd;gJ

gFjpfshfg; gph pj ;jy; . ,jw ;F nky; gph pf ;f

Koahj epiytiu mHpj ;Jf ; bfhz;nlnghdhy;

Kotpy; mqf;fspy; brd;W Koa[k ; .

,t;tqf;fs;jhd; cyfpd; xLf;fk; .

,tw;wpypUe;Jjhd; cyfk; cw;gj ;jpahfpwJ.

g [yd;fis btd;W jd;Dila Th;ikahd

Mw;wyhy; gph pf ;f Koahj gukqtpy; ,Ue;J

mz;l nguz;l';fs; njhd;wpaij mjd;

mqj;jpwid Ma;e ;jth ;fs; mwpe ;jth ;fs;

fjputd; xypapy ; kpd;Dfpd;wd vd;why; mjw;F

vd;d fhuzk>; thdtpy; Fsph ;e ;J mHfhf

fhl ;rp jUfpwJ vd;why; vd;d fhuzk>; vd;W

Muha;e ;jdh ; . mjd; tpist[ rpd;d";rpW

Jfs;fs; ,Ue;jhf ntz;Lk; vd;W fz;ldh; .

xU bghUis Jz;oj;Jf; bfhz;nl brd;why;

filrpapy ; mjd; epiy gw;wp rpj ;jh ;fs;

Ma;e ;jdh ; .

mqtpy ; mqtpid Mjpgpuhid

mqtpy ; mqtpid Mapuk ; Twpl ;L

mqtpy ; mqtpid mqf ty;yhh ;f ;F

mqtpy ; mqtpid mqfYkhnk

- jpU\yh ;

  51

mqitj; Jisj ;J VH ;fliy g [fl ;o

-xsitahh ;

nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; rpj ;jh ;fs; mqitg;

gw ;wp vd;nwh Twpa [s ;sij mwpayhk; .

mqbfhs;iffis ntj fhyj;jpw ;F Kd;gpUe;j

mE g{jpkhd;fs; rhd;nwhh ;fs; fp .K.500

Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Twpa[s;sdh; .

,tw;iwbay;yhk; ekJ Mfk E}y ;fspy ;

fhzyhk; . jkpHwp"h ;fs; rpj ;jh ;fspd;

Ma;t[j ;jpwdhdJ gpug";rj ;jpd; \iy

KLf;Ffisbay;yhk; myrp Ma;t[f ; fskhf;fp

mjida[k ; RUl;o jdJ ff;fj ;jpy ;

itj;Js;sdh; . r pj ;jh ;fs; mth;fisg; ghuhl;l

ekf;F ehtpy;iy.

20. xspa[k; btg;gKk;

fz;qf;F vl;lhj Jfs;fs; cU gz;g [ Kjypa

,ay;g [fs; ,y;yhjd. ,j;Jfs;fs; Mw;wiy

nkw;bfhz;L jd; khj ;jpiufs; vd;Dk;

Jfs;fshf khWfpd;wd. gy jd;khj ;jpiufs;

xd;WTo xU gukhqthfj; jpus;fpd;wd. ,e ;j

jd;khj ;jpiufs; tpiutha;j ; Jog;gjhy; xspa [k ;

btg;gKk; njhd;Wfpd;wd. bghUs;fspy;

tpisa[k ; ,uhrhad tpist[fisa[k ; rpj ;jh ;fs;

jd; bfhs;ifapy; tpsf;fpa [s ;sdh; .

  52

,Uf ;f py ; ,Uf ;fk ; vz;zpyh nfho

,Uf ;f pd ;w \yj ;Js; m';nf ,Uf;Fk ;

mUf ;fDk; nrhkDk; Muoy; tPr

cUf ;f pa nuhkk ; xsp tpLe ;jhnd

- jpUke ;j puk ; -2 1

nkw;fz;l ghl;od; bghUs; nfhof;fzf;fhd

mqf;fspy ; mjd; \yj;Js;ns ,Uf;fpd;w

xspa[k ; btg;gKk; mHy;fis tPRfpd;wd vd;W

TWtijf; fhzyhk; .

xspa[k ; btg;gKk; mqj;jd;ik bfhz;lit

vd;W rpj ;jh ;fs; Twpdhh ; . mz;lk; vd;whny

Kl;il totk; vd;gJ bghUs; . vg;go

g{kpahdJ jd;dpiy RHw;rpahy; tl;l totk;

bgw;Ws;snjh mnjnghy g{kpapy ; gpwf ;Fk;

midj;Jk; tl;l totKld; njhw ;wk;

cz;lhfpwJ/ tpij Kisf;Fk;nghJ tl;l

totk; / gwit Kl;il tl;l totk; / g{kpapy ;

tpGk; kiHj;Jsp tl;l totk; nahdpapy ; fU

tl;l totk; / ,g;goahf njhw ;wk ; cz;lhtijf;

fhzyhk; . ,g;goahf mz;lj;jpy ; cs;s

nfhlhd nfho nfhs;fs; mj;jida[k ; tl;l

totkhfnt tps';Ffpd;wd. ,tw;wpd;

,ay;g [fs; mjdjd; kpd;fhe ;j <h ;g ;g [

miyfSf;nfw;g cz;lhd vGr;rpapd;

  53

ntWghLfshy; fzf;fpl Koahj nfhof;

fzf;fhd ntWghLfis bfhz;Ls;sJ.

,itfs; jk;nkhL jhKk; gpwpJkhf fye;J

mqf;fshft[k ; mqj;jpushft[k ; bghUshft[k ;

Mfpd;wd. ,g;gog;gl;l mqj;jpus;fspd;

fyitfs; bfhz;lJjhd; $Ptuhrpfs; mz;lk;

gpug";rk; midj:Jk; MFk; .

rpj ;jh ;fs; j';fspd; nahf ty;yikahy; cyfpd;

gilg;g [f ;Fk; fhj ;jYf;Fk; mHptpw ;Fk;

cz;lhd fhuz fhhpa';fis fz;L bjspe ;J

fhuz fhhpa';fs; vy;yhk; mqthf cs;sJ

vd;W Twpdhh ;fs; . mqf;fs; vy;yh

caph ;fspSk; vy;yh cyf';fspSk; vy;yh

cyfpaw;bghUs;fspYk; epiwe;J

,Uf;fpwgoahy; v';Fk; mqf;fs; jhd; epiwe;J

cs;sd vd;W fz;ldh; .

21. g";rg{jKk; mjd; jj;JtKk;

gukhqtpdhy; g";rg{jk; cz;lhdJ. mjd;

fyg;ghy; $Ptuhrpfs; cz;lhapw ;W. $Ptuhrpfns

g";rg{j fyg;gpd; Mw;wiyf;bfhz;ljhFk; .

me;jg ; g";rg{j Mw;wy; vg;go kdpj rhPuj ;jpy ;

bray;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; ghh ;g ;nghk; .

  54

kdpjdhd $Ptdplk; mDgtKk; rpe ;jida[k ;

To mwpt[g ; bgUf;fk; Vw ;gl;L jd; fhuz

epiyeho Muha[k ; nghJ guepiy eho

Muha[k ;nghJ me;epiy czh;e ;j kdpjdhy;

jj ;Jt tpsf;fk; Vw ;gl;lJ.

,t;t[yfnk Ik;bgUk; g{j mqf;fshy; MdJ.

,e;j Ik;g{j mqf;fspy ; cs;s xt;bthU

mqtpY[k ; 96 jj ;Jt';fs; mike;Js;sd. ,e;j

96 jj ;Jt';fns kdpj rh Puj ;jpy ;

bray;gLfpd;wd.

21.1.2 jj;Jt';fs; 96

1 . Kjy; jj ;Jtk; - 30

2. ,uz;lhk; jj ;Jtk; - 30

3. \d;whk; jj ;Jtk; - 36

------

Mf 96

------

21.1.1 Kjy; jj;Jtk; tpguk; -

30

1. g{jk; - 5

2 . bghwp - 5

3. g[yd; - 5

4. fd;nke;jph pak; - 5

  55

5. fd;k tprak; - 5

6. fuzk; - 4

7 . mwpt[ - 1

------

Mf 30

mjd; tpguk; tUkhW.

g{jk;-5

1 . gpUjptp - kz;

2 . mg;g [ - e Ph ;

3 . nja[ - mf;dp

4. tha[ - fhw ;W

5. Mfhak; - btsp

bghwp-5

1 . brtp

2. njhy;

3 . fz;

4. ehf ;F

5. \f;F

g [yd;-5

1 . rj;jk ; - nfl;fg;gLtJ

(brtpf ;F caph ;f ;TW)

  56

2. !;ghprk ; - bjhL czh;t [ mwptJ

(clk;g [f ;F caphf ; ;TW)

3. cUtk; - fhz;gJ

(fz;qf;F caph ;TW)

4. ,urk; - mWRit mwptJ

(ehf ;Ff;F caph ;f ;TW)

5. fe;jk; - thrid mwpt[

(\f;Ff;F caphf ; ;TW)

fd;nke;jph pak;-5

1 . tha;

2 . if

3. fhy;

4 . mghdk;

5. Fwp

fd;k tprak;-5 ;

1 . ngRjy; - thf ;Ff;F

caph ;f ;TW

2. flj;jy; - fhYf;F

caph ;f ;TW

3. bfhLj;jy; th';fy; - iff;F

caph ;f ;TW

4. tpLjy; - vUtha;

caph ;f ;TW

  57

5. kfpH ;jy; - Fwpf ;F

caph ;f ;TW

fuzk;-4

1 . kdk; - xd;iw ,izg;gJ

2. g[j ;jp - mjid tprhhpg ;gJ

3. mf';fhuk; - mjidf; bfhz;L

nky; vGk;g [tJ

4. rpj ;jk; - mjidr; bra;J

Kog;gJ

mwpt[-1

1 . mwpt[ - jd;idf; fz;L

kfpH ;e ;jpUj;jy;

21.1.2 ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; - 30

1 . eho - 10

2 . tha[ - 10

3 . ra';fs; - 5

4. nfhrk; - 5

------

Mf 30

------

1 . eho - 10

  58

2 . tha[ - 10

mitahtd

1 . gpuhzd;

2 . mghdd;

3. tpahdd;

4. cjhdd;

5. rkhdd;

6. ehfd;

7 . Th;kd;

8. fphpfud;

9. njtjj;jd;

10 . jd";brad;

1 . gpuhzd; - g [Ut

kj;jpapy ; njhd;wp

rpj ;jpu ehoapy; g [Fe ;J

\yhjhuj ;ij mile;J

bjhg;g [s ; gpd; \f;Fj;

jhdj;jpy ; Kl;o

,lfiy gpd;fiyfspy;

Xo fghyj;ijr ; Rw ;wp

\f;F Jthuj ;jpy ;

btsptUk; Rthrk; 12

m';Fyk; e Pz;L

btspte;J ehd;F

  59

m';Fyk; fHpe ;j 8

m';Fyk; cs;ns

brd;W kPz;Lk;

g [wg ;gl;l

,lj;jpypUe;J Rthrk;

Jt';FfpwJ. ,g;gor;

bray;gLk; Rthrk;

ehHpif xd;Wf;F 360

Rthrk; ,ut[ gfy; 60

ehHpiff;F 21600

Rthrk; kdpj clypy;

bray;gLfpwJ.

Fwpg ;g [ 24 epkprk ;

bfhz;lJ - 1 ehHpif

  60

,e;j Rthrk; 21600-f ;F tpguk;

1 . \yhjhuj ;jpy ; Rthrk; - 600

2 . Rthjpl ;lhdj;jpy ; Rthrk; -

6000

3. kzp g{ufj ;jpy ; Rthrk; - 6000

4. mdhjfj;jpy ; Rthrk; - 6000

5. tpRj;jpapy ; Rthrk; - 1000

6. Mf;fpidapy; Rthrk; - 1000

7 . rf!; ;uhfhuj ;jpy ; ; Rthrk; - 1000

-------

21600

Rthrk;

--------

ehs; xd;Wf;F 21600 Rthrk; ,a';fp

,jpy ; 7200 Rthrk; fHd;W 14400

Rthrk; cs;ns brd;W kdpj cliy

brayhf;fg ; gLj;JfpwJ.

2 . mghdd; - Fjj;ija[k ;

Fa;aj;ija[k ; gw ;wp epd;W

kyryhjpfis fHpg ;gJ.

3 . tpahdd; - njhypny epd;W

ghpr';fis mwptpg ;gJ.

4. cjhdd; - grpia cz;lhf;fp

cz;l czit cztpd; rf ;jpia

  61

mjhtJ rhuj ;ij 72000 eho

euk;g [fspy ; brYj;jp rh Puj ;ij

tsh;g ;gJ.

5. rkhdd; - vy;yh tha[ita[k ;

VWjy; ,w';Fjy; ,y;yhky;

rkdhff; bfhz;L ,a';FtJ.

6. ehfd; - tpf ;fYk; ff ;fYk;

cz;lhf ;FtJ.

7 . Th;kd; - fz;zpny epd;W

,ikg;gJ.

8. fphpfud; - g [Utkj;jpiag; gw ;w p

epd;W Jk;ky; mGtpj ;jy; bra;tJ.

9. njtjj;jd; - tpHpj ;jpUf;Fk;nghJ

XLtpj ;jYk; cyht[jYk; a [j ;jk ;

gz;qtpj;jy; bra;tJ.

10 . jd";brad; - gpuhzd; clk;ig

tpl :Lg;nghdYk; jhd; gph pahky;

epd;W clk;ig ,a';fr ; bra;J

tphptpj ;jYk; bra;J \d;W

ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF fghyj;ijg;

gpse ;J Xog;nghtJ.

  62

3. ra';fs; ; - 5

1 . mkh;thrak;

2 . gfph ;thrak;

3. rythrak;

4. kythrak;

5. Rf;fpy thrak;

1 . mkh;thrak; - cz;l

czt[ rhuk; mkUkplk;

2 . gfph ;thrak; -

md;d rhuk; gfph ;e ;J

bfhLf;Fkplk;

3 . rythrak; - ePh ;

,w';Fk; ,lk;

4 . kythrak; - kyf;FHp

,w';Fk; ,lk;

5 . Rf;fpy thrak; -

Rf ;fpyk; ; gph pa [k ; ,lk;

4 . nfhrk; -5

1 . md;dka nfhrk;

2 . gpuhzka nfhrk;

3 . kndhka nfhrk;

  63

4. tp";"hdka nfhrk;

5 . Mde;jka nfhrk;

1 . md;dka nfhrk; -

Jynjfkhfpa clk;g [

2 . gpuhzka nfhrk; -

gpuhzDk;

fd;nke;jph paKk; To

epw ;gJ

3. kndhka nfhrk; -

kdKk;

"hnde;jph paKk; To

epw ;gJ

4. tp";"hdka nfhrk; -

g [j ;j pa [k ;

"hnde;jph paKk; To

epw ;gJ

5. Mde;jka nfhrk; -

gpuhztha[k ;

RGj;jpa [k ; To epw ;gJ

  64

21.1.3 \d;whk; jj;Jtk; - 36

1. Mjhuk; - 6

2 . kz;lyk; - 3

3. kyk; - 3

4. njhrk; - 3

5. Vlid - 3

6. Fzk; - 3

7 . ,uf;fk; - 8

8. tpid - 2

9. mtj;ij - 5

-----------

Mf 36

-----------

1 . Mjhuk; -6

1 . \yhjhuk;

2 . Rthjpl ;lhdk;

3 . kzpg{ufk; /

4 . mdhfjk; /

5 . tpRj;jp /

6 . Mf;i"

1. \yhjhuk;

1 . ,Uf;Fkplk; vUtha;

ehw ;rJuj;Jf ;Fs;ns

ehspjH; Kf;nfhz

  65

totkhf ,Uf;Fk;

vGj;J X';fhuk; . epwk;

khzpf ;f epwk; . njtij

fzgjp.

2 . Rthjpl ;lhdk;

,Uf;Fkplk;

vUtha;f ;Fk; nkny

,uz;L tpuw ;fil

mst[k ; bjhg;g [Sf;Ff;

f PnHa[k ; . ehw ;nfhzk; /

MW ,jH; vGj;J e/

fhuk; / brk;bghd; epwk; .

njtij gilg;g [

gpuk ;kh

3 . kzpg{ufk; -

,Uf;Fkplk; bjhg;g [H ;

gpiwnfhzkhdJ.

,jd; eLnt epw ;Fk;

vGj;J kh fhuk; . gj ;J

,jH; kufj epwk; /

njtij tp#;q.

4. mdhfjk; -

,Uf;Fkplk; ,Ujak;

Kf;nfhzkhdJ. ,jd;

eLnt ,Uf;Fk; vGj;J

rp / fhuk; gd;dpuz;L

  66

,jH; !;gof epwk; /

njtij cUj;jpud; .

5 . tpRj;jp -

,Uf;Fkplk; ; fz;lk;

(fGj;J) . mWnfhzk; 16

,jH; nfhnkjf epwk;

vGj;J t/ fhuk;

njtij knfRtud; .

6 . Mf;i" -

,Uf;Fkplk; g [Ut

kj;jp tl;lkhapUg;gJ

3 ,jH; !;gof epwk;

vGj;J a/ fhuk; .

nkw;fz;l tpguj ;jpd; \yk;

Mjhuk; Mwpnya[k ; MW

vGj;J Xk; ekr ;rptha MW

Mjhuk; MWtPlhft[k ; /

,jH;fisf; Tl;odhy; 51

ml;ruk; vd;gJk;

fz;Lbfhs;s ntz;Lk; .

2 . kz;lyk; -3

1 . mf;dp kz;lyk;

2 . Mjpj;j kz;lyk;

3 . re ;jpu kz;lyk;

  67

1 . mf;dp kz;lyk; - ,J

\yhjhuk; MFk;

2 . Mjpj;j kz;lyk; -

,Uja !;jhdk; MFk;

3 . re ;jpu kz;lyk; -

rf!;uhfhu jskhFk; .

3 . kyk;-3

1 . Mztk;

2 . fhkpak;

3 . khia

1 . Mztk; - clk;ig

ehd; vd;W ,Ug;gJ.

2 . fhkpak; -

fz;ltw;wpy ; kdk;

Mirg;gLtJ.

3 . khia - jdf;F

tUtij mwpahky;

,Ug;gJ.

  68

4. njhrk; -3

1 . thjk;

2 . gpj ;jk;

3 . rpnyhj ;jkk;

1 . thjk; - tha[tpd;

bray; tpist[

2 . gpj ;jk; - mf;fpdpapd;

tpist[

3 . rpnyhj;jkk; - fgj;jpd;

tpist[

5 . Vlid -3

1 . mh;j ;j Vlid/

2 . g[j ;jpu Vlid/

3. cyf Vlid

1 . mh;j ;j Vlid -

jputpaj;ij njo

Mirg;gly;

2 . g[j ;jpu Vlid - g [j ;jpu

njo Mirg;gly;

  69

3. cyf Vlid - cyf

tpra';fs; njo

Mirg;gly;

6. Fzk; -3

1 . ,uhl;rrk; /

2 . jhkrk; /

3 . rhj ;tPfk;

1 . ,uhl;rrk; - mf';fhukha;

btl;lt[k ; Fj ;jt[k ;

mof;ft[khapUg;gJ

2 . jhkrk; - ke ;j g [j ;j p

cd;kj ;jkha; kj;jpakha;

,Ug;gJ

3 . rhj ;tPfk; - mlf;fk ;

md;g [ tpntfk; Ik;bghwp

Mf;fy; mUs; "hdk;

jtk; bghiw nkd;ik

tha;ik

Kjypatw;iwa[ilajha;

ehl;l'; bfhz;oUg;gJ

  70

7. ,uhfk; -8

1 . fhkk;

2 . Fnuhjk;

3 . cnyhgk;

4 . nkhfk;

5 . kjk;

6. khr ;rhpak;

7 . ,Lk;ig

8. mf';fhuk;

1 . fhkk; - Mir

2. Fnuhjk; - gpzf;F

3 . cnyhgk; - gpoghL

4. nkhfk; - gph pak;

5 . kjk; / - fh ;tk;

6 . khr ;rhpak; - cjl;oy;

cwt[k ; cs;sj ;jpy ;

gifa[k ; itg;gJ

7. ,Lk;ig - cjhrPdk;

8 . mf';fhuk; -

nfhgpj ;jy;

8. tpid - 2

1 . ey;tpid

2. jPtpid

  71

1 . ey;tpid - g [z;zpak;

bra;jy;

2 . jPtpid - ghtk;

bra;jy;

9 . mtj;ij - 5

1 . rhf ;fpuk ;

2 . brhg ;gdk;

3 . RGj;jp

4 . Jhpak;

5 . JhpahjPjk ;

1 . rhf ;fpuk ;- yyhlj;jhdk;

(g [Utkj;jp )

2 . brhg ;gdk;-

fz;l!;jhdk;

3 . RGj;jp- ,Uja

!;jhdk;

4 . Jhpak;- ehgp (bjhg ;g [H ; )

5 . JhpahjPjk; - Fwpaplk;

Kg ;gJ Kg;gJ Kg;gj ;jWtU";

brg ;g [ kjpYilf ; nfhapYs; thH ;gth ;

brg ;g [ kjpYilf ; nfhapy ; r pije ;j g pd ;

byhg ;g pytd; tUnkhl ;blLj ;jhnu

96 jj ;Jt';fSk; ek;Kila rhPuj ;jpd; vg;go

bray;gLfpd;wd vd;W ghh ;j ;njhk; .

  72

,jpy; Md;kj;Jtk; vd;gJ 24.

Mitahtd

1 . g{j';fs; - 5

2 . jd;khj ;jpiufs; - 5

3. "hnde;jph pa';fs; - 5

4. fd;nke;jph pak; - 5

5. me;jf ;fhuzk;- 4

Mfpa ,e;j 24-k ; Md;kht[f ;F J}a tothf

,Ue;J nenu bjhlh ;g [ bfhz;L tps';Ftjhy;

Md;k jj;Jtk; vdg;gl;lJ.

nkw;fz;l Md;kjj;Jtj;jpd; tpsf;fj ;ij vth;

mwpthnuh mtnu ,t;t[yfj;jpy ;

thHj;bjhpe ;jtu ; ; Mthu ; .

Rit xsp CW Xir ehw ;wk ; vDk; ,t;ite;jpd; ;

tif bjhpthd; fl;nl cyF vd;w ts;Sth;

tha;ik bghHpapd; \yk; fhzyhk; .

22. g";rg{j';fs;

gukhqf;fspd; gy;ntWgl;l ,af;f

epfH;r ;r pfns nghpaf;f kz;lyk; . mjd; Kjy;

jdpepiy “tpz;” vdg;gLk; . mtw;wpd; Kjy;

bfhj ;J epfH;r ;r pna fhw ;W vdg;gLk; mit

  73

nkhjpf ; bfhs;tjhy; Vw ;gLk; btg;g epfH;r ;r pna

beUg;g [ vdg;gLk; . e Puftha[ / gpuhztha[ / vDk;

,Utifahd fhw ;W Fwpg ;gpl ;l mstpy;

nrUk;nghJ ePh ; MfpwJ. e Ph pd ; ,Ufpa epiyna

kz;/ ,t;ite;J epiyfSk; Ie ;J bgsjPfk;-

Ie ;J gphpt [fs; Mdgoahy; mtw;iw

g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk; .

Ie ;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj;jpy ; j P

g {kpia czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g [ ) .

vhpkiyf;FHk;g [ rhk ;gy; g{r p cnyhfj;ij

cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs; ) . cnyhfk;

e Piu cz;lhf ;FfpwJ (Fsph ;e ;j e Ph ; cs;s

lk;shpd; btspapy ; e Ph ; Kj;Jf;fs) ; / e Ph ; fhw ;iw

czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. .

gukhqtpd; gyfl;lf ; bfhj ;J epfH;r ;r pfis/

CW/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ vd;w xt;bthU

vGr;rpa [k ; tpisaj;jf ;f gph pt [fshfg; gph pj ;J

vGr;rp-fth ;r ;r pahf cs;s mGj;j

,af;ff ;fl;lj ;ij “tpz;” vd;Wk; / xyp

vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj ;ij “fhw ;W” vd;Wk; / xsp

vGr;rpbgWk; ,af;fj ;ij “beUg;g [” vd;Wk;

Rit vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj ;ij “ePh ;” ; vd;Wk;

kzk; vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj ;ij “kz” ; vd;Wk;

TWfpnwhk; . tp";"hdpfs; TWk; 103 tifahd

(elements ) fSk; ,t;ite;J ghpt [fspy;

ml';fpa [s ;sd.

  74

kz;zpd; ,Wf;fj ;jhy; gyntW cnyhf';fs;

tpisfpd;wd vd;whYk; mitbay;yhk;

g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk; .

23. g";r g{j';fspd; bray;ghLfs;

g";r g{j';fSk; xU epfH;r ;r p kz;lyj;jpy ; mJ

rpwpjhdhYk; bghpjhdhYk; ve ;j tpfpjj ;jpy ;

fye;Js;sdnth/ mjw;nfw;g ,af;f ntfj;jpYk; /

tpist[fspYk; ntWghL cz;lhFk; .

fhw ;wpy ; tpz;qk; / btg;gj ;jpy ; fhw ;Wk; /

tpz;qk; e Ph py ; btg;gk; / fhw ;W/ tpz;/ ,ita[k ; /

kz;zpy; e Ph ; btg;gk; ; fhw ;W tpz; Mfpa

ehd;Fk; mlf;fk; . ,g;go fye;J ,a';Ffpd;wd.

xt;bthU g{jKk; jd;dstpy; jdpj ;jdpna

,a';Fk;nghJ xU jd;iknahLk; kw ;bwhd;wpy ;

,a';Fk;nghJ me;j ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy ;

mike;j g";rg{jf ;Tl;L/ mjd; fhyk; / J}uk ;

gUkd; / ntfk; / ,itfl;F Vw;g btt;ntwhd

rpwg ;g [j ;jd;iknahLk; ,a';Fk; . ,jdhy;

xt;bthU epfH;r ;r pa [k ; ntW ntwhd

jd;iknahL gynfhlhd nfhoj; njhw ;w';fshf

cUthfpd;wJ.

tpz;zpd; jd;epiy ,af;fk; bfhs;sy; rf ;jp

MfpwJ. mJ fhw ;wpy ; ,a';Fk;nghJ xypf ;Fk;

rf ;jpahfpd;wJ. mJ btg;gj ;jpy ; xsptpLk;

  75

rf;jpahfpwJ. e Ph py ; mJnt Ritahfp kz;zpy;

thridahfpwJ. mGj;jk; / xyp/ xsp/ Rit/

kzk; vd;w ,af;fj ;jd;ikfs; xd;nwhL

xd;wpize;J xU kz;ly epfH;r ;r papy ; Kiwahf

,a';Fk;nghJ me;j kz;lyj;jpy ; fhe ;jk ; /

kpd;rhuk ; / btg;gk; / fhw ;W Mfpa ehy;tifahd

RHy;fs; Kiwahf mjdjd; ntfj;jpy ; mjdjd;

ghijapy; RHd;W nkny brhy;yg;gl;l mGj;jk;

Kjyhd Itif ,af;f';fspYk;

g';FbgWfpd;wd.

,e;j Itif ,af;f mjph ;t [ miyfs; Kiwahfj;

bjhlh ;e ;J eilbgWkhdhy; mjd; tpisthf

tpj ;Jf ;TWfs; tpise;J ,ize;J me;j

kz;lyj;jpy ; czh;r ;r p vd;w ,af;fk;

cUthfpd;wd. mg;nghJ me;j kz;lyk; mwpt[

vd;w rpwg ;gpaf;fj ;jpw ;F mog;gilahd “tpj ;J”

Mfpd;wJ.

,e ;j tpj ;Jf ; nfhs';fs;jhd; vy;yhtifahd

caphpd';fSf;Fk; mog;gilahd rpw ;wiufs;

(CELLS ) MFk; . ,j;jifa tpjJf; nfhs';fs;

vz;zpf ;ifapy; bgUfpf ;To bfhj;jhf mike;J

,a';fp bfhs;sy; / js;sy; / czh;jy; / tpj ;jpLjy; /

vd;w rpwg;gpaf;f';fisg; bgWk;nghj

mj;bjhFg;g [ ,af;fnk “$Ptd;” ; vdg;gLk; .

  76

,e;j tpsf;fj ;jhy; gukhq vd;w xnu rf ;jp

xUg[wk; fhw ;W/ btg;gk; / e Ph ; / e pyk; / ,itahfp

J}yf; fhl;rpfhst[k ; / ,tw;wpDnl mnj

gukhqtpd; vGr;rp fth ;r ;r p vd;w ,af;fr ;

rpwg ;ng klf;F epfHr ;r pfshfp xyp/ xsp/ Rit

kzk;/ mwpt[ / vd;Wk; Nl;rk ,af;f';fshft[k ;

$Ptfhe ;jkhft[k ; kpsh ;fpd;wd.

,j;jifa Nf;Fk epfH;r ;r pfspy ; mGj;jk; / xyp /

xsp/ Rit kzk;/ Mfpa caph ; vdg;gLk;

czh;jy; vd;w epfH;r ;r pna mwpt[ vdg;gLk; .

caph ; ; ,af;fj ;jpd; tpisthd xU rpwg ;g [

epiyna mwpt[ MFk; . caph ; vd;gJ gukhq.

,jd; ,af;f ntWghLfs; vz;zpwe ;jd

vd;gjhYk; RUf;fkhf \d;W gph pt [fspy ;

bjhpe ;J bfhs;syhk; .

1 . nghpaf;f kz;lyk; KGtJk; tpz;

vd;w caph ;j ;Jfs; epiwe;j bgU';fskhf

,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,J gpug";r

caph ; ; ,Jnt kfhfhrk; (kfh +Mfhrk; )

tpz;/

2 . jpul ;r p epiyfshd fhw ;W/ btg;gk; / e Ph ; /

e pyk; Mfpa ehd;F g{j';fspYk; cs; epiw

Mw;wyhf mike;J xyp / xsp/ Rit kzk;/

vdw tpist[fshf kyh ;e ;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;

,af;f epfH;r ;r pfspy ; ,Jnt g{jhfhrk;

(g {jk;+ Mfhrk; ) vdg;gLk/

  77

3. tpj;J vd;w mog;gil mikg;igf;

bfhz;L mq mLf;Fshy; mike;j clypy;

,nj tpz; czh;r ;r p vd;w rpwg ;ghw ;wyhf

kpsph ;f pd;wJ. ,e ;j epiyapy; mnj tpz;

rpjhfhrk; (r pj ;jk ;+Mfhrk; ) MFk; .

,Jjhd; $Ptd; / rpjhfhrk; vd;w epiynahL/

g{jhfhrKk; / kfhfhrKk; / neh ; bjhlh ;g [

bfhz;oUj;jyhy; xt;bthU $PtDk; gpu";rk ;

KGika[k ; jd;ndhL ,izj;Jf; ; bfhz;nl

,a';Ffpd;wJ.

24. jd;khj;jpiufs:

nkw;fz;l g{j';fspd; Ie ;jpd ; Nl;Rk Fz';fns

jd;khj ;jpiufshFk; / jd;khj ;jpiufs; vd;gJ

cUgz;g [ ,y;yhjit/ mqf;fs; xd;W To

jd;khj;jpiu Mfpd;wd. jd;

khj ;jpiufspypUe;nj g{j';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd

vd;W Vw;fdnt goj;njhk; . g";rg{j';fs;

gpwg;g [f ;Ff ; fhuzk; jd;khj ;jpiufs; . ,nj

jd;khj ;jpiufs;jhd; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlh ;ghy;

,e ;jph pa';fis Efh ;r ;r papy ; bjhHpw ;gLtjw;Fj;

Jiz bra;tdtha[k ; cs;sd. jd;khj ;jpiu

vd;whYk; Nf;Fk g{jk; vd;whYk; bghUs;

xd;nw. ,itfs; g";r,e;jph pa ,af;f';fSf;F

Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J bray;glitf;Fk jpwd;

bfhz;lit. "hnde;jph pa';fshd bka; / tha; /

  78

fz;/ \f;F/ brtp ,t;tidj;Jk; g";rg{j';fspd;

bjhlhghy; mjdjd; czh;r ;r pfis

czuitg;gJ[k ; fz;nke;jph pa';fshd; tha; / if/

fhy; /,Ltha; / Fwp / ,itfs; mjdjd;

ntiyfisr; bra;aitg;gJ[k ; ,e ;j

jd;khj ;jpiufs; jhd; .

,e;j mog;gilapy; bjhlh ;e ;J rpe ;jpj ;jhy;

mqf;fs; ,ize;J tpz; / fhw ;W/ btg;gk; / e Ph ;

e pyk; vd;w Ie ;J gph pt [fSk; mtw;wpypUe;J

mGj;jk; / xyp xsp Rit kzk;/ mwpt[ vd;w

MWtifahd epfH;r ;r pfSk; eilbgWfpd;wd

vd;gJ bjhpa [k ; .

bka;epiyahfpa gubtspa[k ; capu ; ; e piyahfpa

gukhqf;fSk; xU vy;iyf;Fs; mika[k ;

mstpd; tpfpjhrhuj ;jpw ;F Vw ;g m';F

eilbgWk; ,af;fk; gy;ntW epiyfis

milfpd;wJ. mj;jifa ntWghLfs; jhd;

Fwpg ;ghf mwptpdhy; czug;bgWk; Kf;fpa

gph pt [fshfpa tpz; / fhw ;W/ btg;gk; / jz;zPh ;

epyk; / vd;gdthFk; . ,t;ite;J gph pt [fspy ; xU

epiynahL kw;w epiyia ve;j mstpy; To

,ize;J ,a';Ffpd;wnjh mjw;F Vw;g

mGj;jk; / xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ mwpt[ / vd;w

MWtifahd epfHr ;rpfSk; mtw;wpd;

xt;bthU gph ptpYk; gytpj Vw;w jhH;t [

epiyfSk; cz;lhf ;Ffpd;wd. ,g;go xt;bthU

  79

,af;fj ;jpYk; jd;dpaf;fk; / bjhlhpaf;fk ; /

gpujpgypg ;g [ ,af;fk; / juk; / khw ;wk ; Vw ;gl;L

xd;W gythf ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfshfpd;wd.

,e;j Kiwapny ,a';Fk; bjhlh ; epfHr ;rpfs;

mqthfp/ mqf;fs; To fhw ;whfp / btg;gkhfp /

e Puhfp mz;lbtspapny jd;idj;jhnd RHd;W

Rw ;wp kpje ;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjd;

kj ;jpapy ; ; tpiut[ Fiwe;j mqf;fs; beUf;f

Kw;W fdw;FHk;ghfp nky;nehf ;fp e Ph ;tuk;gpw ;F

nky; te;J bfl;oahd ghpzhknk epykhFk; .

nkYk; g{kpapd; eLikaj;jpy ; Vw ;gLk;

mqf;fs; mGj;jj ;jhy; btg;gk; mjpfkhfp

mjd; tpisthf cnyhf';fs; / ,uj ;jpd';fs;

,urhad';fshft[k ; ; cw ;gj ;jpahfpd;wd. nkYk;

nkYk; tpise;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Kiwahfj; jhdhf cz;lhFk; mq

mLf;Fg;bgw;w xU ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy ; fhe ;jk ; /

kpd;rhuk; fhw ;W/ e Ph ; / Mfpa ehy;tifr;

RHy;fSk; Vw ;gl;L bfhs;sy; / js;sy; vd;w

,af;f epfH;r ;r pfs; Kiwahf eilbgWk;nghJ

mJ tpj ;jhfpd;wJ. nkYk; mt;tpj ;jhdJ

Mw;wyhy; vGr;rp bgw;W ,a';fp jhtu

,dkhfpa Xuwpt[ $PtdhfpaJ. mjpypUe;j

<uwpt [ ,dkhd g [G njhd;wp / mijj; bjhlh ;e ;J

\twpt[ / ehywpt[ / Iawpt[g ; gpuhzpfs; /

Mwwpt[s;s kdpj ,dKk; njhd;wpa [s ;sd.

  80

,t;thW gunk mqbtd;w capuhfp mJnt

jd;dGj;j ,af;fj ;jhy; clyhfp clYs;

,a';Fk; caph ;rrf ;jpahfp mr;rf ; ;j pna xypahfp /

xspahfp / Ritahfp kzkhfp / czUk; jpwDkhfp /

caph ;fs; vd;w ghpzhk rpwg ;ig bgw;wJ.

,j;jifa ghpzhkj; bjhlUk; ,af;f';fSk;

,ize;j xU nghpaf;f kz;lyk;jhd; gpug";rk;

g";rg{jk; vd;wiHf;fg ; gLfpd;wJ.

25. gpug";r ghpzhkk; ;

gpug";r ghpzhkk; xU tisaj;ijg; nghd;wJ.

,J guj;jpny bjhl';fp mq/ fhw ;W/ btg;gk; /

e Ph ; / e pyk; Xh ; mwpt [ $Ptd; Kjy; Iawpt[ $Ptd;

tiua[s ;s czh;r ;r p epiy cUtkhd

kdpjdhfpwJ/ kdpjnd jd; ,ay;iga[k ; /

epiyia[k ; czh;e ;jnghJ jhd; njtd; vd;W

filrpapny kPz;Lk; guj ;jpny Kot[ bgWfpwJ.

g";rg{j braw;ifahd njhw ;wkhff; fhqk;

epfHr ;rpfspy ; gupzhkk; vd;Dk; tpz; / gy

fl;l';fspYk; CLUtp xo ,a';Fk;

jd;ikf;Fk; / Kiwf;Fk; tpiutpw ;Fk; Vw ;g

mGj;jk; / xyp / xsp/ Rit/ kzk; czh;r ;r pfs;

vd;w MWtifahd bjhlh ; epfH ;r ;r pfs;

cz;lhfpd;wd. vdnt gupzhknk caph ; ; vd

kjpf ;fg ;gLfpwJ.

  81

flypny njhd;Wk; miyfs; flypny ml';FtJ

nghyt[k ; / e Ph pd ; mirit miybad

kjpf ;fg ;bgWtJ nghyt[k ; gpug";rk; jdJ

,af;ff ; fl ;l';fSf;nfwgg gy;ntW mstpYk;

tYtpYk; Vw;w jhH;t [fis bfhz;l

,af;f'fshft[k ; fhl;rpfshft[k ; ,Uf;fpdwd.

,it mwpthy; czug; gLfpd;wd. vdnt ehk;

fhqk; ve ;jj ; njhw ;wKk; bghUs; epiyapy;

guknkahk. ; guj ;ij jtph ;j ;J ntW bghUs;jhd;

VJ.

fhqk; njhw ;wKk; fhz;gtDk; ,af;f

epiyfspy; xg;gpl ;L czUk; fUj;Jf;F ntW

ntwhf tpsf;fk; ;bgw ;w nghJk/ MH;e ;J

Muha;e ;j tpsf;fj ;jpy ; bghUs; epiyahfpa

guKk/ mjd; epiyahfpa fhl;rpa [k ; /

epfH;r ;r papd; epHr ;rpahfpg ; guj ;jpny Koe;J

bfhz;oUf;Fk; mwpt[k ; \d;Wk; xd;whfnt

,Uf;Fk; ngUz;ik mf;fhl ;rpahFk; .

gunk mqthfp me;j mq ,af;fj ; bjhlh ;

tpisthf mJnt gy fl;lf ; fhl;rpfshfp /

gyg;gy ntWghLfisg; bgw;W tps';Ffpd;wd

vd Kd;dnk mwpe ;njhk; . mJnt J}y

mikg;gpy ; capuhft[k ; / czh;r ;r p epiyapy ;

fhyk; / J}uk ; / gUkd;/ ntfk; vd;w vy;iyfspy;

fl ;Lg;gl;l czh;tpy/ ,d;g Jd;gkhft[k ; /

fzpjj;jpw ;F cl;gl;l gythft[k ; ,e ;j ehd;F

  82

msitfisf; fle;j nghJ vy;yhk; xd;Wgl;l

gukhft[k ; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

gunk ehdhft[k ; cs;sJ. “ehd;” vd;gJ jdpna

,y;iy guj;ijj; jtph ;j ;J ntW xd;Wnk

,y;iy. ,af;f epfH;r ;r pfs; midj;jpw ;Fk;

bghUshft[k ; / mtw;wpw ;F Kjy; \y

rf ;jpahft[k ; ,Ug;gJ guk;bghUs; xd;nw.

Mjpepiyapy; gukhft[k ; / mqepiyapy;

capuhft[k ; / mqf;fs; ,ize;j bfhj ;J ,af;f

epfH;r ;r papy ; cUt';fshft[k ; / fhl ;rpfshft[k ; /

,af;f';fshft[k ; / ,Uf;fpd;w me;j xU bghUs

jhd; ‘ehd; ’ vd;w brhy;ypd; cz;ikf;fUj;J

vd;gJ bjspthf tps';Fk; .

mGj;jkhf mqf;fs; ,ize;J ,a';Fk; xU

epfH;r ;r pna J}a cly; . mjD}nl mGj;jk;

Fiwe;J Mdhy; tpiut[ mjpfkhfp Nf;Fkhfr ;

RHd;W ,a';Fk; mqj; bjhlhpaf;fnk caph ; /

J}yj;jpD}nl caph ;rf ;jp RHd;W tUk;nghJ

Vw;gLk; nkhjy; epfHr ;rpapypUe;J xyp/ xsp/

Rit kdk; / czh;jy; / vd;Wk; bjhlh ;

epfH ;r ;r pfs; tpisfpd;wd. clYk;

mqf;fshy;MdJ capUk; mqf;fshy; MdJ.

Mdhy; mqf;fspd; \ynkh guk; Mfnt

clyhf capuhf czh;thf mtw;wpd; Kotpy;

gukhf ,Ug;gtd; vtndh mtnd ehd. ; ehd;

vdg;gLgtnd mtd;. vdg;gLtd; bja;tk;

  83

vdg;gLfpwhd; / Mjpbadg;gLfpwhd; / gpuk ;kk;

vdg;gLfpwhd; / mtidj; jtpu ;j ;J jdpna xU

epfH;r ;r pa [k ; ,y;iy “mtnd ehd;” “ehnd

mtd;” vd;W bjspthf czh;e ;J bfhs;s

ntz;Lk; . jd;idg; g [yd; czh;r ;r pfshy;

vy;iyfl;o czUk; jd; Kidg;ghd kaf;fk;

,';Fjhd; bjspt[ bgw;W eP' ;fp xHpfpd;wJ.

26. caph;fspd; njhw;wk;

czh;jy; vd;w rpwg ;ghw ;wyhd mwpt[ Kjypy;

mGj;jk; btg;g jl;g Vw;w jhH;t [ ,tw;iw

czh;thfg; bgWjypy; bjhl';Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j

czh;t [ !;ghpr czh;t [ (m) CW czh;t[ MFk; .

,e ;j Xuwpt[ ,af;fKila $Ptnd jhtuk;

MFk; .

jhtuj;jpypUe;njh (my;yJ) mjd; tpj ;Jf ;fspy;

,Ue;njh caphpaf;f tpiut[ mjpfkhfp /

Rita[zh;t [ To mjw;Fhpa fUtpahd tha;

mikag; bgWk;nghJ mJ <uwpt[ MfpwJ.

,e;j <uwpt[ caphpd';fsplk; caphpaf ;f rf ;jp

tpiut[ bgw;W thrida[zh;thd fUtpahd

\f;F ghpzhkkile;jhy; mJnt \twpthFk;

$PtdhFk. ; vWk;g [ / bry; / nghd;wit \d;wwpt[

$Ptd;fs; /

  84

nkYk; xspa[zht[ fUtpahd fz;njhd;w

ehywpt[ capuhd ghk;g [ Kjypad njhd;wpd.

xypa [zh;t [ fUtpahd fhJ vd;W fUtp njhd;w

Ie ;jwpt[ capuhd kpUf';fs; gwitfs; Kjypad

njhd;wpd.

,j;jifa ghpzhk tsh;r ;r papd; bjhlh ;

epfH;r ;r papy ; thy; cs;s Fu';F njhd;wp gpd;g [

thy; ,y;yh Fu';F njhd;wp / gpd; kdpjd;

njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vd mDkhdpf ;f KofpwJ.

bts;sj;jhy; g{kp mjph ; ;r ;r p / gpst[fs; / mtw;why;

,e ;j kdpj FLk;gk; rpjwof;fg ;gl;L g{kpapy ;

gy;ntW ,l';fspy; gutp me;je ;j ehl;L

jl;btl;g mikg;g [f ;fSf;nfw;g fUg;gh ;fs; /

bts;isah;fs; / Fl;ilah;fs; / bel;ilah;fs; /

gdpapy ; thGk; v!;fpnkhf;fs; nghd;W

gyntWghLfSld; kdpj ,dk; njhd;wp gHf;f

tHf;fk; gz;ghL/ fyhr ;rhuk ; / nghd;w

Kiwfshy; kj';fs; gythfg; gph pe ;J/ cyf

KGtJk; thH;e ;J tUfpd;wdh; vd;gij mwpa

ntz;Lk; .

Ie ;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj ;jpy ; j P g{kpia

czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g [ ) .

vhpkiyf;FHk;g [ rhk ;gy; g{r p cnyhfj;ij

cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs; ) . cnyhfk;

e Piu cz;lhf ;FfpwJ (Fsph ;e ;j e Ph ; cs;s

  85

lk;shpd; btspapy ; e Ph ; Kj;Jf;fs) ; / e Ph ; fhw ;iw

czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ.

27. kuzk;

mqf;fspy ; bfhj ;J ,af;f epfH;r ;r pna J}y

cly; / mjD}nl gukhq epiyapy; CLUtp

Xor;RHd;W bfhz;nl ,Ug;gJ caph ;r ;rf ;jp .

caph ;r ;rf ;jpapd; Xl;lj;jpy ; jila[z; lhdhy;

mJnt czh;r ;r pahfpwJ. me;j czh;r ;r p xU

$Ptd; jh';fpg ; gHFk; mstpw ;F nkyhf

X';Fk;nghJ mJ ty;Yzh;r ;r pahfp Jd;gkhfp

nehahf tUfpwJ. ,e ;j jil ePoj;J mjd;

tpisthf clypy; kpd;rhuk; / fhw ;W/ ,uj ;jk ;

Mfpa \d;W RHy;fSk; jilgLnkahdhy;

clYf;F \ykhd tpj ;J jh';Fk; mstpw ;F nky;

fdy; bfhz;L mjd; ehs';fisj; jfh ;j ;J

btspnawptpLk; . czh;r ;r p vd;w mwpnthLToa

caph ;rf ;jp bjhlh ;e ;J me;j clypy; RHd;W

,a';fKoahky; cliy tpl ;L btspnawptpLk; .

cyfj;jpYs;s bghUl;fs; aht[k ; kdpj ,dk;

cl;gl xt;bthd;Wk; xt;bthU \yg;bghUshy;

Mdit. mit mHpa[k ; nghJ VjhtJ xU

jdpg ;bghUspy; nrh ;e ;JtpLk; . ,J ,aw;ifapd;

tpjp / ,jw;F ahUk; vita[k ; / tpyf;fy;y.

,e;j ;jdpg ;bghUl;fs; jhd; epyk; / e Ph ; / beUg;g [ /

fhw ;W/ Mfhak; Mfpait MFk; . ,e ;j

  86

jdpg ;bghUl;fs; jdpj ;J ,a';fpdhYk; ,it

xd;iw xd;W fl;Lg;gLj;jpathW cs;sd. fhw ;W

kz;iz ms;sp tPRk; / kz; e Piuf;fl;Lk;

cwp";Rk; / beUg;g [f ;F vjph p e Ph ; / beUg;g [

btw;wplj;ij Ml;bfhz;L tpLk; / btw;wplnkh

fhw ;iw Ml;bfhz;L tpLk; / ,Jnt ,aw;ifapy;

mike;j rkepiyj; jj ;JtkhFk; . ,it xd;iw

xd;W kp";Rk;nghJ cyfpy; nguHpt[ Vw ;gLk; .

,ij ehk; fz;Tlhff; fhz;fpnwhk; .

kdpj clypYk; ,e ;j Ie ;J jdpg ;bghUl;fs;

(g {jk ; ) cs;sd. g";rg{jkhfpa Ie;J

jdpg ;bghUl;fshy; Md ,t;t[lk;g [ Kotpy;

kz;nzhL neuoahfnth kw;w ehd;F

jdpg ;bghUl;fshy; ce ;jg ;gl;nlh gpd;dh ;

kz;nzhL kz;zha; nrh ;tJ jpz;zk; .

njhy; - kz;/ tha;-ePh ; / fz;-beUg;g [ tapW-

btsp \f;F -fhw ;W ,e;j Ie ;J

jdpg ;bghUl;fSk; xd;iw xd;W fl:Lg;gLj;jp

rkkkhf itj;jpUf;Fk;tiu mikjp

epyt[tijf; fhzyhk; . ,e;j Ie ;J

jdpg ;bghUl;fSk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Ue;jhy;

thGk; thH;f ;if brhh ;f ;fkhFk; .

  87

28. kdpj clYk; mjd;

bray;ghLfSk;

28.1 kdpj \isa[k; mjd;

Mw;wYk;

xU kdpj clypy; ehbshd;Wf;F 27949.3

kPl ;lh ; uj ;jk ; 99776.6 fp .k P e PsKs;s

uj ;jf ;FHha;fs; tHpahfr ; brYj;jg ;

Lfpd;wd. xU kdpjd; ruhrhp thH;ehspy ;

,jaj;jpd; jirfs; ,a';Fk; (k ;g ;bra;a [k ; )

uj ;jj ;jpd; mst[ re ;jpukz;lyj;jpw ;F

bry;Yk; 56 uhf ;bfl;Lfspy; epug ;gg ;gLk;

vhpbghUs; msthFk; .

gpwjirfs; nghyd;wp ,jaj;jpd; jirfs;

jd;dpr ;irahf bray;gLfpd;wd. fUtpy;

FHe;ij ehd;Fthu rpRthf ,Uf;Fk;nghj

euk;g [fs; njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;ng rpRtpd;

clk;gpw ;F btspna cg;g [ e Ph py ; kpje ;J

bfhz;L ,jak; Jof;fj ; bjhl';Ffpd;wJ

MYOCYTER vd;w jir bry;fs; Rkhh ; 2 thl;

kpd;rf ;jpia cw;gj ;jp bra;J ,jaj;ij

,af;f itf;fpd;wd. FHe;ij gpwe ;jJk;

,e ;j bry;fs; bgUfp tsh;r ;r pia epWj ;jpf ;

bfhs;fpd;wd.

  88

Kdpjdpd; \is 1.36 fpnyh vila[s;sJ.

Rkhh ; 100 jph py ;ypad; ( xU jph py ;ypad;

vd;gJ xd;wpw ;Fg; gpd; 18 g{$ ;$pa';fs;

bfhz;ljhFk; ) bra;jpj ; Jqf;Ffis

nrfhpj ;J itf;Fk; jpwd; bfhz;ljhFk; .

mjhtJ 70 Mz;Lfspy; mJ nrh ;f ;Fk;

bra;jpfs; gph pl ;lhdpfh

fiyf;fs";rpaj;jpd; Ie ;J yl;rk ;

bjhFjpfspy; ml';ff ;Toa mj;jid

bjhFjpfis mLf;fp itj;jhy; 71131 fpnyh

kPl ;lh ; J}uk ; tUk; . mjd; rpwpa mst[ (

1 .3608 fpnyh) gad;gLj;Jk; rf ;jp 20 thl;

gy;g [f ;Fj ; njitahd kpd;rhuk; kw ;Wk;

msg;gwpa nrkpg ;g [ jpwd; 100 jph py ;ypad;

bra;jpfshFk; .

,tw;iwg; ghh ;f ;Fk;nghJ jw ;nghJ

eilKiwapy; cs;s fzf;if tpl mJ

rpwg ;ghf bray;gLfpwJ vd;gJ bjhpa

tUfpwJ. xU Fwpg ;gpl ;l neuj;jpy ; \is

jdJ rpwpa epidt[g ; gFjpapy ; bra;jpfis

epug ;gpf ;bfhs;Sk; . clypd; e Pskhd bry;

epa{uhd; ( 1 .2 kP ) . KGtsh;r ;r paile;j

\isapy; 100 kpy ;ypad; epa{uhd;fs; euk;g [

bry;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy; epa{uhd;fs;

vz;zpf ;iff;Fk; kdpj mwpt[f ;Fk;

rk;ge ;jk; ,yiy. epa{uhd;fSf;F ,ilna

Md ,izg;g [ gpwg ;g [fSf;F Kd;ng

  89

Jt';fp 2 taJ tiu bjhlh ;fpwJ. epa{uhd;

ouhd;!;gh ; kPl ;lh ; \yk; bra;jpfs;

mDg;gg; gLfpd;wd. xU epa{uhd;

bra;jpia mDg;gpaJk; kw ;bwhU epa{uhdpy;

cs;s Mapuf ;fzf;fhd bra;jpfs;

th';fg ;gl;L mJ ,d;bdhU epa{uhDf;F

mDg;gp itf;fg ; gLfpwJ.

28.2 ,uj;j mqf;fs;

kdpj clypy; 96/000 fp .kP . ,uj;jf ;FHha;fs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. ,uj;jj ;jpy ; gpsh!;kh. rptg;g [

mqf;fs bts;is mqf;fs; gpshobyl;!;

nghd;witfs; ml';fp a [s ;sd. xt;bthU

tpdhoa[k ; 80 yl;rk ; rptg;g [ uj ;j mqf;fs;

vYk;g [ k";i$apy; cw;gj ;jp MfpwJ.

QPnkhFnshgpdpy; mJ 54 xU mstpapy ;3

4 Kjy; 6 kpy ;ypad; rptg;g [ mqf;fs;

fhzg;gLk; . gpshobyl;!; xU mstpapy ;3

3 yl;rk ; tiu ,Uf;Fk; .

28.3 Rthrk;

Xa;tpypUf;Fk;nghJ xU kdpjd;

epkplj ;jpw ;F 13 Kjy; 17 Kiw

Rthrpf ;fpwhd; . tpisahLk;nghJ 80 jlit

tiu mjpfhpf ;fpd ;wJ. xU ehspy; ruhrhp

21600 Kiw Rthrpf ;fpnwhk; . ,J thH;ehspy ;

  90

295.261 kpy ;yp .yp msthFk; . jhapd;

tapw ;wpy ; gpwe ;j mjph ;r ;r papy ; FHe;ijf;F

Kjy; Rthrk; Vw ;gLfpwJ. jirfs; RU';fp /

khh ;g [ tphpe ;J cs;ns fhw ;wGj;jk ;

FiwfpwJ. jpzwpg ;nghd FHe;ij thiaj;

jpwf ;fpwJ. fhw ;W cs;ns tpiufpwJ.

FHe;ij Kjy; \r;ir tplj;bjhl';fp

epkplj ;jpw ;F 60 jlit Rthrpj ;J \r;RtpLk;

nguhl;l RHw;rp Muk;gpf ;fpwJ. tsh;r ;r p

mile;j xUthpd; Rthrg;igfspd; cs;

mst[ 93 kpkP2 .

,J kdpj clk;gpd; btspg ;gug ;gpd; 40

kl';fhFk; .

28.4 fy;yPuy:

kdpj clk;gpy ; fy ;yPuypd; gzpfs; ;kpft[k ;

rpwg ;ghdJ. fy;yPuy; ; Rkhh ; 1000 tpjkhd

gzpfis nkw;bfhs;fpwJ. clk;ig

ey;yepiyapy; itj;jpUg;gJ ,uj;jk ;

ciuahky; ghJfhg;gJ/ tp#j;ij Kwpg ;gJ

nghd;wit ,jd; Kf;fpa gzpfs; / cly;

cWg;g [fspy ; fy ;yPuy ; kl;Lnk jd;id

kPz;Lk; g [Jg;gpj ;Jf ; bfhs;Sk; jpwd;

cilaJ. 3 -y ; 2 gFjp fy;yPuy;

vLf;fg ;gl;L tpl ;lhYk;Tl mJ kPz;Lk;

giHa epiyf;nf tsh;e ;JtpLk; . thapy ;

bjhl';fp kyj;Jthuk; tiuahd 9.14

  91

ePsks;s FHha;jhd; czit Ez;zpa

Jqf;Ffshfg; gph pj ;J FlYf;Fk/

uj ;jehs';fSf;Fk; mDg;g [fpwJ. rj ;Jf ;fs;

clk;gpd; kpfg ;bghpa cWg;ghd 1 .36 fpnyh

vila[s;s fy;yPuYf;Fr ; brd;W m';F

urhadg;bghUshf khw ;wg ;gl;L

njitg;gLk;nghJ gad;gl nrkpj ;J

itf;fg ;gLfpwJ.

o.vd; .V. Fnuhkn!hkpd; Kf;fpa gFjp .

bgw;nwhhplkpUe;J FHe;ij kugqtHp

brYj;jg ;gLk; ghuk;ghpaj ; jfty; ,jd;

\ynk bry;Yfpd;wd. clk;gpd; xt;bthU

bry;ypYk; Rkhh ; 2 kP mst[s;s o.vd; .V

RUl;lg;gl;L 10 ikf;nuh kPl ;lh ; mst[f ;F

mlf;fg;gl;L tpLfpwJ. o.vd; .V. ehd;F

mog;gilfs; bfhz;lJ. A-.ADENIN G-

GUANINE T-THYMINE C-CYTOSINE ,iy

,ul;il kog;ghf mike;jpUf;Fk; . ,e;j

mikg;gpy ; A cld; T ,iza[k ; G cld;

C kl;Lnk ,iza[k ; .

28.5 Fly;

6-096 kP e PsKs;s rpWFlYk; / 6 kP

e PsKs;s bgU';FlYk; nrh ;e :J 9.26 (29)

r.kP ,lj;ij Mf;fpukpj ;Js;sJ. clypd;

rUkj;jpd; 5 kl';F ,J. Fly;fs; 70

  92

Mz;Lfspy; 40.04 bkl;h pf ;ld; czit

brhpkhdj;jpw ;fhf gjg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

28.8 vYk;g[

vYk;g [fspd; bkhj ;j vz;zpf ;if 206.

bjhil vYk;g [jhd; kpf ePskhdJ.

kpfr ;r pwpa vYk;g [ fhjpd; eLg;gf ;fk ;

,Uf;Fk; STIRRUP vYk;ghFk; . kpf

typikahdJ fqf;fhiya[k ;

KH';fhiya[k ; ,izf;Fk;SWIN vYk;g [ /

Rkhh ; 1600 fpnyh viliaj;jh';Fk; rf ;jp

,jw;F cz;L.

28.7 jirfs;

kdpj clk;gpy ; 639 jirfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

clypd; bkhj;j vilapy; mit 40% .

g [d ;dif g [h pa [k ; nghJ 17 jirfs;

,a';Ffpd;wd. nfhgg;gLk;nghJ 42

jirfs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. gpd;gFjpapy ;

,a';Fk; GLUTUS jhd; kpfg ;bghpa jir.

fhjpd; kj ;jpapy ; ,Uf;Fk; STEEPUS fisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; STAPADIUS MUSCLE

kpfr ;r pwaJ.

  93

28.8 tpiug;ig:

xU tpiug;ig behof;F 2000 capuqf;fis

cw;gj ;jp bra;fpwJ. xU bgz;zpd;

fUg;igapy ; mts; thH;ehspy; 400

Kl;ilfs;jhd; cw ;gj ;jp bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

28.9 jiy

jiyapy; Rkhh ; (ruhrhp ) xU yl;rj ;J

,Ugj;ije;jhapuk ; kaph ;fs; Kisf;fpd;wd.

jpdrhp 45 kaph ;fs; tpGe;JtpLfpd;wd.

xt;bthU kaph ;fhYk; jdJ thH;ehspy; 9 .14

kP cw ;gj ;jp bra;a [k ; jpwd;bfhz;lJ. ruhrhp

kdpjdpd; 1 .85 r.kP .clk;ig 2.72 fpnyh

vila[s;s njhy; \oapUf;fpwJ.

28.8 fhJfs;

ekJ fhJfs; 1500 btt;ntW xypfisf;

nfl;L czh;e ;J bfhs;Sk; jpwd; bgw;wit.

350 cuj ;j xypiaa[k ; 3” bky;ypa xyp tUk;

jpiriaa[k ; fhJfs; mwpe ;J bfhs;Sk; .

72 .418 fp .k P .beoa euk;g [fs; kzpf;F 360

fp .kP ntfj;jpy ; bra;jpfis mDg;g [fpd;wd.

kpf mjpfg;goahd ntfk; 532 fp .kP .

  94

28.9 ehf;F

ehf ;fpy ; gj ;jhapuj ;jpw ;Fk; nkw;gl;l

czh;r ;r p FkpH ;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. thuk;

njhWk; mit jk;ikg; g [Jg;gpj ;Jf ;

bfhs;fpd;wd. kdpjdpd; ehf ;F Rkhh ; 500

tpjkhd Ritfis czUk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ.

28.8 \f;F/ fz;

2000 Kjy; 4000 tiuapyhd thridia

\f;fhy; czu Koa[k ; . fz; Rkhh ; 10 /000

epw';fis gFj;jwpa [k ; rf ;jp bfhz;lJ.

kdpjdpd; fz;fs; 1 .68 fp .kP bjhiytpy;

vhpe ;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; xU

bkGFth;j ;jpiaf; Tl ,jdhy; fhz

Koa[k ; . ,ikfs; fz;fis \o \o

jpwf ;Fk; neuj ;ijf; fzf;fpl ;lhy; xU

ehspy; ehk ; 30 tpdhofs; FUlh;fshf

,Uf;fpnwhk; .

28.9 tapW

tapW ehbshd;Wf;F ,uz;L ypl ;lh ;

iQl;nuh Fnshhpf ; ; mkpyj;ij

(HYDROCHLORIC ACID ) cw ;gj ;jp bra;fpwJ.

tapw ;wpd; cl;gFjp Rthpy ; xt;bthU

epkplKk; Ie ;J ,yl;rk; bry;fs; g [jpjhf

cw;gj ;jpahfp ,e ;j mkpyk; tapw ;Wr ; Rtiu

mHpj ;J tplhjthW ghh ;j ;Jf ; bfhs;fpd;wd.

  95

28.8 njhy;

kdpj clypy; mjpfg;gug;gpy ; gue ;Js;sJ

njhy; . ruhrhp kdpjdpd; njhiy gug;gp

itj;jhy ; mJ 2 r.kP tUk; .

28.8 \is

\isapd; mog;gFjpapYs;s gpl ;a{l ;lhp

Rug ;gp kpf Kf;fpakhd cWg;g [ . tsh;r ;r p /

,dtpUj;jp / vd;nlhf;h pd; / Rug ;gpfspd;

bray;ghL nghd;wtw;iw ,Jnt

ftdpf ;fpwJ.

,jaKk; \j;jpug ;igfSk; Xa;t [ vLf;fhky;

ciHf;fpd;wd lhd;rpy ; mg;bgd;of ;!;

,uz;Lk; njitaw;w cWg;g [f ;fs; . mit

,y;yhky; ve ;j ghjpg ;g [k ; ,y;yhky;

kdpjdhy; caph ; thHKoa[k ; clk;g [f ;F

cldo rf ;jpia tH';FtJ fy;yPuy; / ,J

fpisf;nfh$id nrkpj ;J itj;Jf;

bfhz;L/ mij FSnfhrhf khw ;wp rf ;jp

mspf ;fpwJ. gy;ypd; vdhky; jhd; clk;gpd;

kpff ;fodkhd gFjp/ jpdrhp ,uz;L

,yl;rk ; bry;fs; gpwe ;J mnj

vz;zpf ;ifapy ; ,we ;J nghfpd;wd.

njhypd; nky; gFjp 15-30 ehl;fSf;F xU

Kiw jd;idg; g [Jg;gpj ;Jf ; bfhs;fpwJ. kpf

  96

caukhd gFjpfspy; trpg ;gth ;fSf;F

jhH;e ;j gFjpapy ; trpg ;gth ;fistpl ,uz;L

ypl ;lh ; ,uj ;jk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; .

29. ,d;g[w;W thH cly; eyk;

ngqjy; ;

caph ;r ;rf ;jp clypy; xG';fhf

Xof;bfhz;oUg;gnj ,d;g czh;thFk; . cly;

eykhFk; . mijg; ghJfhf;f

1 . czt[

2 . ciHg;g [

3 . cwf;fk;

4 . Mz;-bgz; cwt[

5 . vz;zk;

,e;j Ie ;J mk;r';fspy; bjhlh ;e ;J ftdk;

nrYj;j ntz;Lk; . ,it mstpw ;F

mjpfkhdhYk; Fiwe;jhYk; Kiw jtwp

bfhs;sg;bgw;whYk; caph ; rf ;jp Xl;lk;

ghjpf ;fg ;gLk; / neha;fs; cz;lhFk; .

thuj ;jpw ;F xUKiwahtJ ,utpy; czt[

cl;bfhs;shky; ,nyrhf gHtif cz;nlh

my;yJ rpwpJ ghy; mUe;jpnah cw';FtJ

neha;fis xU mstpy; jLf;f cjt[k ; . cly;

$Puzpf ;fj ;jf ;f mst[ czt[ cz;lhy; mJ

ed;ikahFk; . mst[f ;F kPwpdhy; ,e ;j czt[

  97

cliy $Puzpf ;Fk; / fUtikg;g [ vz;zk;

bra;if nfhs;fspd; r";rhuj ;jpy ; mika[k ;

epiy re ;jh ;g ;g nkhjy; Mfpa fhuz';fshy;

clypy; ,urhad ntWghLfs; cz;lhfpd;wd.

,j;jifa ntWghLfshy; clypy; cs;s mq

\yf';fs; mjw;F Vw;g tpiutpy; ntWgLk; .

mjd; gadhf clypy ; mtw;wpd;

tpfpjhr ;rhu';fs; Tlnth Fiwanth ,lKz;L.

,f;fhuz';fshy; clypy; RHd;nwhof;

bfhz;oUf;Fk; fhe ;jk ; kpd;rhuk; fhw ;W ,uj ;jk;

Mfpa ehd;Fk; mtw;wpd; tpiutpy; Vw ;w

jhH;t [fisg; bgWk; . tpiuthf xt;bthU

mta';f~nla[k ; CLUtpr ;bry;Yk; mtw;wpd;

Xl;lj;jpy ; jila[k ; cz;lhFk; . ,e ;j jil

nehahf czug;gLfpwJ. ve ;j mtatj;jpy ; ve ;j

mstpd; rf ;jp Xl;lj;jpy ; jilgLfpwnjh

mjw;F Vw;g nehapd; tYt[k ; bgaUk; mjw;F

fhyKk; eph ;zapf ;fg ; bgWfpd;wd.

neha;fis ePf ;fpf ;bfhs;Sk; rf ;jp ,aw;ifahf

clypy; mike;Js;sJ. xj;j gj ;jpak; fhj ;J

Xa;t [ vLj;Jf ; bfhz;lhy; neha;fs; kpft[k ;

tpiuthfj; j Ph ;e ;JtpLk; . neha; fodkhf

,Ue;jhy; jf ;f kUe;J tiffis

cgnahfpf ;fyhk; .

nehaw;w clypy;jhd; mwpt[k ; jpwd;gl

ntiybra;a [k ; . ,aw;if ,d;g';fis

  98

mDgtpf ;f Koa[k ; / vdnt xt;bthUtUk;

nehaw;W thH tHpfz;L epd;W xGfpthH

ntz;Lk; . kdj;J}a ;ik/ xG';fhd czt[/

msthd ciHg;g [ ,tw;Wld; Toa thH;f ;if

neha;fs; ,y;yh cly; eyj;njhL ,Uf;f cjt[k ; .

bghwhik/ rpdk; / t";rfk; / ftiy/ fhk

vz;z';fs; / ,it cly; fhe ;j rf ;jpapid

mst[f ;F kPwp mHpj ;JtpLk; . jtj;jhYk;

Muha;r ;r pahYk; ,e ;j czh;r ;r pfis khw ;wp

tplyhk; . czh;e ;njhnu md;g [ Kaw;rp

bra;a [' ;fs; btw;wp epr ;rak; .

czt[ cz;lt[ld; mjpf Xl;lk; / rthhp / fod

ciHg;g [ Mz;-bgz; clYwt[ ,it TlhJ.

mLj;jLj;J ,r;bray;fspy; <LgLnthUf;F

tapw ;Wg; g [z; cz;lhfptpLk; . mJ Fd;kk;

vd;w nehahfptpLk; .

clypypUe;J fHpthfp btspnaWk;

ve ;jg ;bghUSk; clypd; kPJ j';fhky; ghh ;j ;Jf ;

bfhs;s ntz;Lk; . mit clnd fpUkpfshf

khWk; tha;g ;g [ ,Uf;fpdwJ. xU ehisf;F xU

KiwahtJ bte;e Ph pnyh jz;zPhpnyh Fspf ;f

ntz;oaJ mtrpak; . kyge;jk; (CONSTIPATION )

m$Puzk; ,it Vw;glhky; ghJfhg ;gJ cly;

eyj;ijg; ngqk; tHpfspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ.

cly; caph ;rf ;jp / tpe ;J ehjk; $Ptfhe ;jk ; / kdk;

  99

,it Ie;Jk; xUnru ,a';Fk; mikg;g [jhd;

kdpj totkhFk; .

nfhof;fzf;fhd rpw ;wiufs; (CELLS ) nrh ;e ;J

mLf;fLf;fhf ,a';FtJ ,e;j cly; / xt;bthU

rpw ;wiuf;Fk; ,Ug[wk; fhe ;jf ; fth ;r ;r p cz;L.

cly; epiyj;jpUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mjpy;

mike;Js;s rpw ;wiufspd; vz;zpf ;iff;Fk; /

gSt[f ;Fk; Vw ;w $Ptfhe ;j mGj;jk; njit.

$Ptfhe ;jk ; vd;gJ caph ;r ;rf ;j p ,a';Ftjhy;

vGk; miyahFk; . xt;bthU caph ;j ;JfSk;

jd;idj; jhnd kpftpiuthfr; Rw ;wpf ; bfhz;L

,Ug;gjhy; mjpypUe;J tphpe ;J bfhz;nl

,Uf;Fk; miy/ bjhlh ;e ;J njhd;wpf ;

bfhz;oUf;Fk; Xh ; clypy; cs;s caph ;Jfspd;

vz;zpf ;iff;F Vw;g $Ptfhe ;j mGj;jk;

epiybgWk; .

nghjpa $Ptfhe ;jk ; ,Uf;Fk; tiuapy;jhd;

clypYs;s rpw ;wiufspd; mLf;F Fiyahky;

epiyj;J ,Uf;Fk; . ,uj ;j Xl;lk; / fhw ;nwhl;lk; /

bts;s Xl;lk; / ,k;\d;Wk; rpjwhJ xG';fhf

Xo capUf;Fk; / clYf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s

Mw;wiy epiyf;fr ; bra;a [k ; . vdnt cliyj;

jh';f $Ptfhe ;jk ; nghjpa mst[ njit/

$Pthfhe ;jj ;ijg; bgUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;F

  100

ntz;oa vz;zpf;ifa[s;s caph ;j ;Jfs;fs;

njit.

caph ;j ;Jfs;fs; tpe ;J ehj jputj;jpd;

msita[k ; / jd;ika[k ; bghWj;jJ. nghjpast[

tpe ;J (Mz;tpe ;J) ehjk; (bgz;tpe ;J) ,Ue;jhy;

jhd; cliy elj;jg ;nghJkhd $Ptfhe ;j

rf ;jpia cw;gj ;jp bra;a [k ; mst[f ;F clypy;

caph ; rf ;jpj ; Jfs;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; .

$Ptfhe ;j mst[ rhpahf ,Ue;jhy; jhd; gU

clyhdJ rpw ;wiufspd; xG';fhd ,af;fj ;jhy;

r Puhf ,a';fpf ; bfhz;oUf;Fk; . kdKk; ey;y

Kiwapy; ,a';Fk; .

$Ptfhe ;jj ;jpd; xU gFjp cly; rpw ;wiufspd;

\yk; clypaf;fkhft[k ; (METABOLIC ROUTINE )

kw ;bwhU gFjp \isapd; rpw ;wiufs; \ykhf

kdmiyfshft[k ; ,a';fpf ; bfhz;oUf;Fk; .

cly; / tpe ;J/ caph ;rf ;jp / $Ptfhe ;jk ; / cly; kd

,af;fk; vd;w bjhlhpid ed;whf kdjpy;

gjpj ;Jf ; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; . ,e;j Ie;jpy ; xd;W

Fiw ,Ue;jhYk; ,af;f xG';F Fiye;jhYk; /

mJ kw;wtw;iw xt;bthd;whfg; ghjpf ;Fk; .

mg;go xd;Wf;bfhd;W Vw;gLk; ,af;fk;

Kuz;ghl;ow ;F Vw;g typ/ tpahjp / kuzk; / ,it

rk;gtpf ;Fk; .

  101

jdJ bray;fs; \ykhfnth/ btspg;g [w

nkhJjynyh/ nfhs;fspd; fhe ;j miytPr ;R

\ykhfnth xUtUila $Ptfhe ;jk ; cly;

,af;fk; ghjpf ;fg ;glyhk; . czt[/ cwf;fk ; /

ciHg;g [ / clYwt[ / vz;zk; ,e;j Ie ;J tifapy;

myl;rpak; kpjkp";rpa cgnahfk; / Kuz;gl;l

cgnahfk; - ,tw;why; cly; ,af;fk ;

ghjpf ;fg ;glyhk; . ,J jd;Dila bray; \ykhf

tUk; tpist[ .

jl ;g btg;g Vw ;w jhH :t [ kw ;Wk; jw ;bray;

tpgj;Jf;fshy; Vw ;gLk; FHg;g';fs; nfhs;fs;

r";rhuj ;jpy ; xd;nwhL xd;W neh ;gLjy; /

uhrpkhw ;wk; Mfpa fhuz';fs; xt;bthUthpd;

gpwe ;jehs; nfhs; epiyf;F vw;g $Ptfhe ;jk; Vw ;w

jhH:tiljy; ,g;go mndf mk;r';fshy;

FHg;gk; tUk; .

ve ;j tpjj ;jpy ; cly; eyk; FHg;gk;

mile;jhYk; / jhnd mjidr; rhpgLj;jp cliy

eykhf;fpf ; bfhs;fpd;w ,aw;if tpjp clypnyna

xt;bthUtUf;Fk; Xust[ mikejpUf;fpwJ.

“,jnt FHg;gj ;ij jh';fpf ; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;if

epajp” MFk; .

,aw;if epajp mikj;j mstpw ;Fk; nkyhf

FHg;gk; kPwpdhy;jhd; mJ cly; ,af;fj ;ijg;

ghjpf ;Fk; . ghjpg ;g [ Vw ;gLk; bghGJkdpjd;

jd;Dila Kaw;rpapdhy;- clw;gapw ;r p-

  102

kdg;gapw ;r p- czt[ Kiw \yk; cly; eyj;ijf;

fhj ;Jf ; bfhs;syhk; .

30. Jwt[ thH;f;if

,g;gog;gl;l J}a ;ikahd thH;f ;ifahy; mwpt[

tpsf;fk; bgw;W mwptpny KGik bgw;wgpd;

mjd; \yk; Md;kh cyFf;F eyk;g [h pa Mh;tk;

bfhz;L jd;id kdpj Fyed;ikf;nf

mh;gzpj ;Jf;bfhz;L ,y;ywj;ij tpl ;L bghUs;

njLjy; fhg ;ghw ;Wjy; vd;fpw mwpit

cjhpj ;js;sp mwpit jdJ cliy mwtHpapy ;

bjhz;Lf;nf gad;gLj;jp jd;Dila grpf ;F

gpwh ; bfhLj;J thH;fpd;w thH;f ;ifna Jwt[

thH;f ;ifahFk; .

rpwe ;j Kiwapy; jd;Dila Mw;wiy

gad;gLj;jp nrit bra;a tha;g ;g [k ; njita[k ;

,Uf;Fkhdhy; me;jj ; Jwtwnk

kpfr ;r pwe ;jjhFk; . clYf;F Md;kh

moikahfhky; Md;kht[f ;F cliy

fUtpahff;bfhs;Sk; bjspe ;j mwpt[ epiyna

cz;ikahd Jwt[ MFk; .

Md;khthdJ bjspe ;j mwptpny KGik bgw;w

gpd; ,y;ywj;jpypUe;nj Jwt[ epiyapy;

thHyhk; . ,d;W gyngh ; ,y;ywf ; flikfs;

kwe ;J mwk; gpwH;e ;J nrhk;gy; nguhir

  103

,tw;nwhL gpwh ; bghUisf;bfhz;L thH;tJ

Jwtwk; vd fUJfpd;wdh; . ,j;jifa ,Hpe ;j

thH:itj; Jwtwk; vd;W jtwhff; Twp ek;gp

jhk ; VkhWtnjhL gpwiua[k ; Vkhw ;wp ; cyt[fpd;w

fhl ;rpiaa[k ; ; fhqfpnwhk; .

,d;W Jwtpfs; vd;W btspnawpath;fspy ;

bgUk;ghyhdth;fs; mwptpd; epiwt[ bgw;W

Jwtwk; vd;why ; vd;d vg;go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;

vd;fpw ,yf;fzk; bjhpe ;J Jwt[ thH;f ;iff;F

tutpy;iy. mwpahik VH;ik ntiyapd;ik

neha; nrhk;ngwpj ;jdk; nguhir btWg;g [

FLk;gr ; rz;il ,tw;why; ,y;ywj ;ij tpl;L

flik kwe;J btspnawpath;fns mjpfkhf

cs;sdh; . NH;epiyf; ifjpfshfp btspnawp

Jwt[ Vw;wth ;fSk; cz;L. ,th;fspy; Vnjh xU

rpynu ey;y FUehjd; fpilf;fg ;bgw;W "hd

ngW bgw;wth ;fs; / kw ;w bgUk;ghnyhu ; thH;t [

ghHhfp Jd;g [w ;W koe;jhh ;fs; . koe;J bfhz;Lk;

,Uf;fpwhh ;fs; .

31. tp";"hd nehf;fpy; gpug";rk;

gd;bdL';fhykhf khDlk; mz;lbtspapy;

kdpjidg; nghd;w gpw caphpd';fs; cz;lh

m';F ntw;Wyf thrpfs; cz;lh vd

rpe ;jpj ;jthW cs;sJ. Nhpaidg; nghd;W

gynfho Nhpad;fSk; gyfpuf';fSk; m';F

  104

thGk; kdpjh ;fisg; nghy nkk;gl;l

$Ptd;fisf; Fwpj ;J ngRfpnwhk; . g";r

g{jj ;jpy ; gpug";rj ;jpy ; g{kp kl;Lnk caph ;fs;

njhd;w njh ;e ;bjLf;fg ;gl;l fpufk; vd fUJk;

kj ek;gpf ;iffSk; cs;sd.

mwptpay; g [idfijfs; gpugykhfj;

bjhl';fpaJk; gyh ; ntw;Wfpuf thrpfspd;

gwf ;Fk; jl;Lf ;fisg; ghh ;j ;jjhft[k ; mjpypUe;J

ntw;W fpuf thrpfshy; jhk ; gy nrhjidf;F

Mshf;fg ;gl;ljhft[k ; Twpdh ; . gwf ;Fk; jl;L

bgUk; kh ;kg ; g [jpuhff ; fUjg;gl;lJ.

,k;kh ;kj ;ij mwpa mikf;fg ;gl;l fhd;ild;

FG ,e;jg ; gwf;Fk; jl;Lf;fs; cz;ikapy;

g{r ;r pfs; el;rj ;jpu gpujpgypg ;g [f ;fs; braw;if

nfhs;fs; thdpiyg; gY}d;fs; Mfpatw;iwna

jtWjyhfg; gwf;Fk; jl;L vd kf;fs; fUjpahf

mwptpj ;jJ.

mwptpaypd; tsh ;r ;r p ,e ;ek;gpf ;iffSf;F

mg;ghy; ntw;W fpuf';fspy; mwpt[ila

$Ptd;fs; cs;sdth vdj; njl

Muk;gpj ;Js;sJ. fhh ;y ;rhfd; g [nuf ; nghd;w

thdtpayhsh ;fs SETI—SEARCH FOR EXTRA

TERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE vd;Dk; bray;

jpl ;lj;ij cUthf;fpdh ; .

  105

g{kpapy ; gy g [s ;spfs; mikf;fg ;gl;l nuonah

miy bjhiy nehf ;fpfs; ntw;W fpuf thrpfs;

mDg;g [k ; kpd;fhe ;j miy bra;jpfSf;fhf

njLfpd;wd. braw;ifahf cUthf;fg ; gl;l

kpd;fhe ;j miy gz;g [fSf;fhf mit

nrfhpf ;Fk; jfty;fs; cybf';FKs;s

fzpdpfshy; Muhag; gLfpd;wd. ntw;Wy

thH;f ;iff;fhf ehk; tpjpf ;fgl;lth ;fsh vd;Dk;

kh ;kk; tpiutpy; bjspthfptpLk; .

1930-y; btw;wplj ;jpy ; tpirfs; cUthfpwJ

vdt[k ; ,t;tpirfs; kpf Ez;zpait vdt[k ;

fz;Lgpoj;jhh ; f!;kph ; ; vd;Dk; ,aw;gpayhsh; .

btw;wplk; vd ehk; gpug";rj ;jpd; ve ;jg ;

g [s ;spiaa[k ; fUjKoahJ. btw;wplk;

vdg;gLtjpy; Fthz;l ryd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

nuh$h ; bgd;nuhy ; vd;Dk; mwp"h ; jd;Dzh;it

Fthz;lk; ,aw;gpay; \yk; tpsf;f

Kw;gLfpwhh ; .

r py caph papyhsh ;fs; ,jid vjph ;j ;Js;sdh; .

,e;epiy gpuf ;i" Fthz;lk; jdpik

bfhz;lbjdpy; mjpy; f!;kph ; tpirf;F xU

Kf;fpa g';F ,Uf;fyhk; . Ez;zpa f!;kph ;

tpiria mstpl jw;nghJ fUtpfs;

cUthfptpl ;l epiyapy; ,t;btw;wplj ;jpd;

tpiria mstpLjy; \yk; gpug";rtpaypd;

rpy kpft[k ; MH;e ;j kh ;k';fis ehk; mwpat[k ;

f!;kph ;tpir gad;glf;TLk; . gpug";rk; tphpjy;

  106

gpug";rj ;njhw ;wk ; Mfpatw;iw mwptpay;

,d;dKk; KGikahf mwpe ;J tpltpy;iy.

Fthz;lk; btw;wplr ; rydf; fpsh ;r ;r pfs;

gpug";r epfH;r ;r pfSf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;

vd rpy mwptpayhsh ;fs; fUJfpd;wdh ;

vd;fpwhh ; . f!;kph ; tpiria msg;gjpy ;

Fwpg ;gplj ;jf ;f btw;wpia bgw;wpUf;Fk;

bfhyk;gpah gy;fiyf; fHf ,aw;gpayhsh ; ckh ;

bkhifjPd; gpug";rk; gpuf ;i" Mfpatw;iw

,izf;fpwJ. btw;wplj;jpd; tpirfs;

,aw;gpaypd; bkhHpapy ; bgsj;jKk; cgepljKk;

Twpa Ndpakh ,J>

gpugykhfpa [s ;s mz;lbtsp fUe;Jfs;fs;

xspiaa[k ; btsptplhj mst[ fLk;

tYf;bfhz;l <h ;g ;g [ gyKila gpunjr';fs;

mjpfkhd epiwa[k ; mjpf mlh;j ;jpa [k ; bfhz;l

tpz;kPd;fs; j';fs; vhpbghUs; jPUk; epiyapy;

fUe;Jfs;fshf khWtjhf thdtpayhsh ;fs;

fUJfpd;wdh ; . 1916-y; Iad;!;od;

bghJr ;rhh ;gpaypd; fUe; ;Jfs; fUj;jpid Kd;

itj;jth ; b$h ;khdpa thdtpayhsuhd fhh ;y ;

!thh ;l ;!; iry;l ; Mthh ; . fUe;Jfs; bjhlh ;ghd

Kf;fpa fz;L gpog;g [f ;fis bra;jth ;

re ;jpunrfu Rg;ukzpak; . fUe;Jfs;fs; cz;ik

vija[k ; btsptplhJ vd;gnj Vw;fg ;gl;l

fUj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; 1914-y; !;ogd;

  107

Qhf;fp' ; fUe;Jfs;fis xU rPustpy; ckpGk;

vdf; fz;L gpoj ;jhh ; . xspia btsptplhj

tYthd <h ;g ;g [ gpunjrk; vt;thW ,t;thW

,a';f Koa[k ;> Mdhy; jk; rkd;ghLfs; \yk;

,J cz;ik vd ep+gpj ;jhh ; Qhf;fp'. ;

,t;thW gpug";rj ;jpy ; ,d;Dk; gy kh ;k';fs;

,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W rhd;nwhh ;fs; "hdpfs;

Twpa [s ;sij mwpayhk; . gpug";r

\yf;TWfspd; bjhFg;g [ epfH;t [jhd; kdpj

,dKk kw;w $PtuhrpfSk; cUthdJ.

\yg;bghUl;fs; Ie ;ij Kd; itj;Jj;jhd; ek;

cly; epiy ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ij ehk; Kd;

mj;jpaha';fspy; fz;nlhk; . bg';-Rap Ie ;J

bghUl;fis itj;Jj;jhd; jd; cly;

Mnuhf ;fpak; ,lk; bghUs; ,d;gk; tPLngW

mile;J tUfpd;wdh ; . bg';-Rap vd;gJ

irdhtpy; gpd;gw ;wg ;gLk; rh!;jpuk ; /

g{kp e Ph ; beUg;g [ cnyhfk; kw ;Wk; kuk;

Mfpatw;iw \yg;bghUshff; fUjp bg';-Rap

,Uf;fpwJ. cnyhfKk; kuKk;

\yg;bghUl;fshf KoahJ. bg'; vd;w

rPdthh ;j ;ij fhw ;iwf;Fwpf ;Fk; / Nap vd;gJ

ePiuf;Fwpf ;Fk; . irdhtpy; xU gHbkhHp cz;L.

e Piu vth ;fl;Lg;ghl;oy; itj;jpUf;fpwhnuh

mtnu cyif MH;thh ; .

  108

bghUshjhu nkijfs; \d;whdJ cyfa[j ;jk ;

xd;W te;jhy; mJ ePUf;fhfj ;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd

Iag;gLfpd;wdh ; . re ;njfk; ntz;lhk;

e Puhy;jhd; a [fk; Koa[k ; . mijj;jhd; rpj ;jhh ;fs;

$yg;gpusak; vd;wdh; .

Kjy; a [j ;jk ; bgz;zhy; (r Pij) ,uz;lhk;

a [j ;jk ; kz;zhy; (Jupnahjdd;) \d;whk; a [j ;jk ;

e Puhy; jhd; Koa[k ; . e Puhy ; Vw ;gl;l

ngwirt[jhd; fLk; miyahfj;njhd;wp

,g;bghGJ gy nrj';fis cUthf;fp tpl ;ld.

Rdhkp nguiyia cyf kf;fs; fdtpYk; kwf;f

KoahJ. mnjnghy mbkhpf ;fhtpy; ele;j

miyiaa[k ; kwf;f ,ayhJ.

,e ;j mtru a [fj ;jpy ; kdpjh ;fs; j';fs;

Fiwfisf; fisa vijj; jpd;why; Fiw eP' ;Fk;

vd;w kdepiyapy ; ,Ug;gjhy; vija[k ;

rhg ;gplj ; ja';Ftjpy;iy. ,';F mwpt[

J}' ;FfpwJ. czh;r ;r p nfhnyhr ;Rfpd;wJ.

,uz;L tpjkhd rf ;jpfs; cyfj;jpy ; cs;sd.

xd;W ey;y rf ;jp / kw ;bwhd;W jPa rf ;jp . ey;y

rf ;jpia Vw;W tuntw;f ntz;Lk; . fpufpf ;fg ;

gHfntz;Lk; . j Parf;jpia cs;ns tplhky;

jLf;f ntz;Lk; . mg;nghJjhd; Md;kh

,t;t[yfpy ; vg;nghJk; re ;njhrkhd

thH;f ;ifia thHKoa[k ; .

  109

gpug";rj ;jpy ; cs;s fh!kpf ; fjph ;fs; kdpjd;

thH;f ;if Kiwia elj;jpr ; bry;tjpy ; bgUk;

g';F tfpf ;fpd;wd. ,e ;j fjph ;fspy;

ey;yJKz;L bfl;lJKz;L. xt;bthU

kdpjDk; ey;y mjph ;#lk; kj;jpk mjph ;#;lk;

bfl;l mjph ;#lk; ,itfspd; fyitnahL

tpidg; gjpt[fSf;nfw;g gpwf ;fpwhd; . jpahdk;

ey;byz;z cwt[ eyKs;s Rw ;Wr ;RHy;

nghd;witfis filgpog;gjd; \yk; kdpjd;

jd; bfl;l mjph ;#;lj ;ij jPtpidia

ey;tpidaf;ft[k ; mjph ;#;lkhf ;ft[k ; mjw;F

mjpfkhft[k ; khw ;w Koa[k ; .

,d;g [w ;W thH;f.

tzf;fk; .

Xk; jj ; rj ; .

  110

kiepaj s k_ fj;amo f Fxjyf kil f wjay fYl f jauk fk su f

ju fuaT ldu koseu ]ao h qgl f Fdlh fhapaj Wo

Dk fk;I AoK. Fko f n sl sk fkel ~ Fjk fk spa f ]ao h qgl f

Fdlj fjh fhg fgK.

kiepaj s k_ fj;amo f Fxjyaa f kiepaj s , m sk fkepaj s ,

m sk fk laa fj fj FOhis . kal f jb fg m sk fklaa fj fj

Dbfdljdy Fofha f hu:j fJl f Ft sITk fk s i:hia f .

kik fk s: X;ao f Fxjy f

ia[ fk fKd; , Fb fgLl f h sb fgLl f - kiepaj s k_ fj;amo f Fxjy f

A G A T H I Y A N P R O D U C T I O N HO U S E 2 0 0 9