atlantic testing laboratories concrete … 306.1-90 astm c1074 client / event date atlantic testing...
TRANSCRIPT
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ACI 306.1-90
ASTM C1074
Client / Event
Date
ATLANTIC TESTING LABORATORIES
Concrete Maturity
In Cold Weather
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Topics
1. Introduction – Concrete,
the Bread of the Construction Industry
Five Essentials of Quality Concrete
2. Concrete in Cold Temperatures
ACI 306.1-90, 306R-10
3. Concrete Maturity ASTM C1074
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the BREAD of the construction industry
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5 Essentials of Quality Concrete
Suitable Materials
Proportioning, Mixing & Transportation
Placing & Consolidation
Finishing & Jointing
Curing
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Cold Weather Concreting
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ACI 306.1-90 & 306R-10
COLD WEATHER
For 3 consecutive days
Average temperature below 40oF
and
<50oF for half of any 24hr period
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ACI 306.1-90 & 306R-10
Air entrained if exposed to freezing during
construction period (slabs & flatwork)
Minimum temperature of embedments 32oF
Thawed subgrade and reinforcement
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ACI 306.1-90 & 306R-10
Condition
Thickness of Section (in)
< 12” 12-<36” 36-72” >72”
1 Minimum
Temperature
of Fresh
Concrete as
Mixed for Air
temp Indicated
Above 30oF 60 55 50 45
2 0 – 30oF 65 60 55 50
3 Below 0oF 70 65 60 55
4
Minimum Temperature of Fresh
Concrete as Placed
and maintained
55 50 45 40
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ACI 306.1-90 & 306R-10
500psi
provides one cycle of freeze-thaw protection
Below critical saturation point
No external supply of moisture
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ACI 306R-10
Service Category Protection Period (days)
No Load – Not Exposed 2
No Load – Exposed 3
Partial Load – Exposed 6
Full Load In-place strength criteria
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ACI 306.1-90 & 306R-10
Maximum Allowable Temperature Drop (oF) Per 24 hr Period After End of Protection Period
Section Size, minimum dimensions (in)
<12” 12-<36” 36-72” >72”
50o
40o
30o
20o
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Maturity Method
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Maturity
TEMPERATURE-TIME FACTOR
“Concrete of the same mix at the same
maturity (reckoned in temperature-time) has
approximately the
same strength
whatever
combination of
temperature and
time go to make
up that maturity.”
[Saul, 1951]
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Maturity Method
M = Σ(T – To) Δt Nurse-Saul
Mi = (44o-14oF) 1hr = 30ohr
Logger Temperatures for BRIDGE PILE9
Max Delta Temp: 39.6 °F @ 36 Hrs
Peak Temp: 120.2 °F @ 81 Hrs
Logger Start Date: 9/23/2004 9:25:00 PM
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time (Hrs)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F
)
-16FT OUTER2
-6 FT OUTER2
-6FT CENTER2
-6FT CENTER 1
-6FT OUTER1
-16FT CENTER1
AmbientTemperature
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Maturity Method
AGE
(hr)
TEMP
(oC)
AGE INCREMENT
AVG
TEMP
TEMP-
TIME
FACTOR
CUMULATIVE
TEMP-TIME
FACTOR
0 10 … … … 0
0.5 8 0.5 9 3.3 3
1.0 7 0.5 7.5 2.5 6
1.5 6 0.5 6.5 2.0 8
2.0 5 0.5 5.5 1.5 9
2.5 5 0.5 5.0 1.3 11
3.0 6 0.5 5.5 1.5 12
3.5 7 0.5 6.5 2.0 14
4.0 8 0.5 7.5 2.5 17
To = 2.5oC
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Maturity Method
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
Maturity (ºC-Hours)
Co
mp
res
siv
e S
tre
ng
th (
ps
i)
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0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
Maturity (ºC-Hours)
Co
mp
res
siv
e S
tre
ng
th (
ps
i)
Day 1
Average
Day 3
Average
Day 7
Average
Day 14
Average Day 28
Average
Average
Maturity Method
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Maturity Method
LIMITATIONS
Long term strength is
dependent upon
curing temperature.
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Maturity Method
LIMITATIONS
“Samples of a given mixture which have the
same equivalent age and which have
had a sufficient supply of moisture for
hydration will have developed equal
fractions of their limiting strength
irrespective of their actual temperature
histories.” (Carino, Lew)
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EQUIVALENT AGE
The number of days or hours at a specified
temperature required to produce a maturity
equal to the maturity achieved by a curing
period at temperatures different from the
specified temperature.
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Review
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Review
Does ACI 306.1 allow concrete to
be placed on frozen sub-grade?
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Review
ACI 306.1 requires concrete that
will be subjected to freezing
during the construction period to
be air entrained?
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Review
Do we need to control the rate at
which we allow the temperature to
drop at the end of the protection
period?
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Review
The gases given off by direct fired
heaters used during cold weather
concrete placement may be
harmful to workers, but have no
harmful effect on the concrete.
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Review
What are the two parameters that
we measure and graph to
determine concrete maturity?
i.e. What are the two factors in the
Nurse-Saul equation?
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Question & Answer