Introduction to the Creative Thinking

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Number of articles with the key word "Creativity" - ISI data base

Definition

Not easy to be creative

Tools list and classification

Games

Summary

Definition…s

How do you define creativity ?

?

Definition…s

“Creativity is the capacity to achieve a production that is both new and adapted to the

context in which it occurs.(Amabile, Lubart, Mac Kinnon,

Osche & Sternberg) ”  

“Creativity is the capacity to achieve a production that is both new and adapted to the

context in which it occurs.(Amabile, Lubart, Mac Kinnon,

Osche & Sternberg) ”  

“…either a process, or a

product, or a kind of personality (Torrance) ”

“…either a process, or a

product, or a kind of personality (Torrance) ”

“Creativity is the capacity to combine elements, to form

new combinations that have a scientific, esthetic, social and

technical value. (Mednick, 1962)”

“Creativity is the capacity to combine elements, to form

new combinations that have a scientific, esthetic, social and

technical value. (Mednick, 1962)”“ Being creative

means being able, freely and easily, to

see the world differently. (De

Brabandere, Alan Iny, 2010) ”

“ Being creative means being able,

freely and easily, to see the world

differently. (De Brabandere, Alan Iny,

2010) ”

“ Creativity is the result of the interaction of

knowledge, intelligence, experience, interest and

enthusiasm (Walters, 1965) ”

“ Creativity is the result of the interaction of

knowledge, intelligence, experience, interest and

enthusiasm (Walters, 1965) ”

“ Ability to change viewpoint. Doubt to think better, think to

change better , change to innovate better , innovate to last. (De Brabandère, 2007) ”

“ Ability to change viewpoint. Doubt to think better, think to

change better , change to innovate better , innovate to last. (De Brabandère, 2007) ”

“Creative thinking is the process of sensing

difficulties, problems, gaps in information, missing

elements, something askew; making guesses and

formulating hypotheses about these deficiencies […]

(Torrance)”

“Creative thinking is the process of sensing

difficulties, problems, gaps in information, missing

elements, something askew; making guesses and

formulating hypotheses about these deficiencies […]

(Torrance)”

“Creativity itself must be

self-discovered and self-

disciplined (Torrance)”

“Creativity itself must be

self-discovered and self-

disciplined (Torrance)”

“Creativity is defined as the generation of

new, original and useful ideas,

(Amabile, 1983)”

“Creativity is defined as the generation of

new, original and useful ideas,

(Amabile, 1983)”

Andrei G. Aleinikov, Sharon Kackmeister et Ron Koenig, Creating Creativity: 101 Definitions (What Webster Never Told You, Alden B. Dow Creativity Center, 2000)

Definition…s

A RESULT : - new, original and useful ideas

- adapted to the context - have a scientific, esthetic, social and technical value

 

A RESULT : - new, original and useful ideas

- adapted to the context - have a scientific, esthetic, social and technical value

 

A PROCESS (individual, collective) :- combine elements, form new combinations- self-discovered and self-disciplined- interaction of knowledge, intelligence, experience, interest and enthusiasm

A PROCESS (individual, collective) :- combine elements, form new combinations- self-discovered and self-disciplined- interaction of knowledge, intelligence, experience, interest and enthusiasm

AN ABILITY :- see the world differently- change viewpoint. Doubt to think better - sensing difficulties, gaps in information, missing elements, - making guesses and formulating hypotheses

AN ABILITY :- see the world differently- change viewpoint. Doubt to think better - sensing difficulties, gaps in information, missing elements, - making guesses and formulating hypotheses

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vngSpW6fmeo&NR=1

Creativity vs Innovation ????

“Three Phases of a Simplified Innovation Process”, Hamburg University of Technology

Creativity vs Innovation ????“The role of creativity is to fertilize the innovation process by intermittent presence but decisive.Creativity is a phase among others, as a

series of bright spots on the line of

innovation.”(Guy Aznar, 2006) 

“The role of creativity is to fertilize the innovation process by intermittent presence but decisive.Creativity is a phase among others, as a

series of bright spots on the line of

innovation.”(Guy Aznar, 2006) 

“Creativity is a pre-

requisite for innovation”

(Tang, 1998).

“Creativity is a pre-

requisite for innovation”

(Tang, 1998). “Individual and

group’s creativity serves as

primary source of innovation”

(Amabile, 1988 - 1997)

“Individual and group’s

creativity serves as

primary source of innovation”

(Amabile, 1988 - 1997)

“The succes of products or

services’ innovation

depends on the creativity.” Cook, 1988)

“The succes of products or

services’ innovation

depends on the creativity.” Cook, 1988)

"Creativity is the process of idea

generation. This is the inspiration that allows

us to create new solutions. For its part, innovation is the ability to convert these ideas

into something applicable, gives them meaning and value in a context.”(Crea Business

Idea)

"Creativity is the process of idea

generation. This is the inspiration that allows

us to create new solutions. For its part, innovation is the ability to convert these ideas

into something applicable, gives them meaning and value in a context.”(Crea Business

Idea)

“Creativity is a process based on

individual organizational

skills which play an important role in

the value of innovation.”(Cumm

ongs, 1965)

“Creativity is a process based on

individual organizational

skills which play an important role in

the value of innovation.”(Cumm

ongs, 1965)

“Innovation may be a process to change reality. On the other hand, creativity seems to be a process to

change perception of reality”(De Brabandere, Alan Iny, 2010) 

“Innovation may be a process to change reality. On the other hand, creativity seems to be a process to

change perception of reality”(De Brabandere, Alan Iny, 2010) 

Lets move our brains…

Test 1 : 9 dots

Definition

Not easy to be creative

Tools list and classification

Games

Summary

Self-organizing systemThe brain is not designed to be creative

Organization in patterns, channel, sequences

Assembly of neurons, neuronal impregnation

Trace memory, repetition

Spontaneous activity, auto-pilot

Mental representation

To manage the world complexity

Reduced and simplified model of the world

Not easy to be creative

Not easy to be creative

Question : How many colors are in the rainbow ?

Question : How many colors are in the rainbow ?

Perception

Not easy to be creative

Test - error : Good idea on the first try

Fear to propose ridiculous ideas.

Critical thinking – Dialectic Occidental sequence = Attack, criticism.

Asian sequence = Other solutions, comparison.

How to product new idea ?

Forget the trace memory, Disrupt circuit boards

Forget the beliefs

Confuse the issue

Do new connections

Explore new cognitive way.

Not easy to be creative

Definition

Not easy to be creative

Tools list and classification

Games

Summary

Tools list and classification

BRAINWRITTING

CHECK-LIST (OF QUESTIONS)

SCAMPER

PNI

ANALOGIES

FUTURE PRETEND YEAR

TRIZ

DELPHI

4X4X4

MÉTHODE 635

SOCRATIQUE

CSP

EXQUISITE CORPSE

FISHBONE DIAGRAM

STORY BOARDING

ASK QUESTIONS

NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE

LOTUS BLOSSOM

FORCE FIT GAME

EXCURSION TECHNIQUE

FORCED CONNECTIONS

THE FCB GRID

SYNECTICS

SIX THINKING HATS

RAMDOM INPUT

BRAINSTORMING

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

PROBLEM REVERSAL

ATTRIBUTE LISTING

PROVOCATION

METAPHORICAL THINKING

BIONIQUE

MIND MAPPING

FUTURE SCENARIOS

CONCEPT FAN

PATTERN LANGUAGE

GALLERY METHOD

PIN CARDS

FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

WISHFUL THINKING

RICH PICTURES

OBJECT STIMULATION

SUPERHERO OR THE NAPOLEON TECHNIQUE

COLLECTIVE NOTEBOOK

C-K THEORY

ASIT, SIT, USIT

CRAWFORD SLIP METHOD

British Office MYCOTED presents on its website more than 160 methods.

Tools list and classification

BRAINSTORMING

NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE

BRAINWRITTING

FORCE FIT GAME

MÉTHODE 635

COLLECTIVE NOTEBOOK

CRAWFORD SLIP METHOD

CPS

LOTUS BLOSSOM

CHECK-LIST (OF QUESTIONS)

ASK QUESTIONS

SCAMPER

FISHBONE DIAGRAM

DELPHI

THE FCB GRID

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

ATTRIBUTE LISTING

FORCED CONNECTIONS

TRIZ

ASIT, SIT, USIT

C-K THEORY

PROVOCATION

CONCEPT FAN

PNI

SIX THINKING HATS

PROBLEM REVERSAL

RAMDOM INPUT

SOCRATIQUE

MIND MAPPING

FUTURE SCENARIOS

STORY BOARDING

RICH PICTURES

WISHFUL THINKING

PATTERN LANGUAGE

FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS

ANALOGIES

OBJECT STIMULATION

METAPHORICAL THINKING

SYNECTICS

BIONIQUE

EXQUISITE CORPSE

SUPERHERO OR THE NAPOLEON TECHNIQUE

EXCURSION TECHNIQUE

Source – Results obtained from the inquiry

EPFL - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. June 2003

Tools list and classification

Tools list and classification

Mac Fadzean Continuum

Nike Flywire (92 g)

Comme la rivière se jette dans le lac Michigan, les eaux usées se déversent dans la source d'eau potable de Chicago. Cette situation entraîne de nombreux problèmes de santé publique, notamment des épidémies de typhoïde et de choléra. En 1871, on détourne une grande partie du cours de la rivière vers le canal Illinois et Michigan. En 1900, le Sanitary District of Chicago (autorités sanitaires de Chicago), dirigé par Rudolph Hering, inverse le cours de la rivière au moyen d'une série d'écluses. Désormais, les eaux s'écoulent dans le nouveau canal Chicago Sanitary and Ship.

Exemple : Inversion, provocation

1st game

Our company =

The context =

« Nokia avait prévenu que les résultats financiers du deuxième trimestre 2012 seraient mitigés, avec plus de 1 milliard d'euros de perte nette. Durant le trimestre, le fabricant a écoulé 4 millions de smartphones Lumia sous Windows Phone.Le bilan financier de Nokia au deuxième trimestre 2012 est comme prévu dans la continuité des contre-performances des trimestres précédents et le fabricant est toujours loin de remonter la pente. Il affiche un chiffre d'affaires global de 7,5 milliards d'euros, en recul de 19% par rapport à l'an dernier mais tout de même en très légère progression par rapport au trimestre précédent.

Il affiche une perte opérationnelle ajustée de 327 millions d'euros, contre un gain de 391 millions d'euros à la même période l'an dernier. La perte nette s'établit à 1,4 milliard d"euros au deuxième trimestre. Il y a tout de même un point positif du côté des réserves de cash qui s'établissent à 4,2 milliards d'euros, au-dessus des attentes des analystes. »

Le patron de Nokia en accord avec son conseil d’administration décide une augmentation de capital pour contrecarrer les pertes et pour investir 42 millions d'euros dans un projet d’envergure de R&D pour imaginer le téléphone mobile du futur.

Votre équipe est chargée d’imaginer le téléphone du futur.

Our challenge=

1st game

Teams x 5 people1 animator per team

1st game

Cette technique (conçue par Fritz Zwicky) consiste à définir les composantes d'un produit, d'un système, d'un service ou d'un projet et à identifier pour chacun d'eux un certain nombre de variantes et de synonymes pouvant conduire à de nouveaux concepts ou solutions.

L’analyse des caractéristiques d’un objet porte généralement sur les composantes suivantes : fonction, forme, texture, couleur, goût, senteur, espace, temps, substance, structure.

Fonctions Composantes

Fonction 1 Fonction 2 Fonction 3 C1 C2 C3

Example : new lamp

Etapes :

1. Lister toutes les fonctions* et composantes. (3 fonctions max, 7 composantes max),

2, trouver des variantes pour chaque élément. (10 max),

3. Chaque personne qui groupe propose une solution globale en reliant les différents composantes choisies.

4. Consensus autour d’une solution. 5. Représentation de la solution (dessin).

* La fonction «téléphoner » est considérée comme acquise.

Les résultats

Optical sensors

Transparent phone

Bracelet + projection

bracelet

3G LTE GMT

Phone imbrication

Keyboard projection

Flexible screen

ReferencesAznar G, 2006, “Préciser le sens du mot “créativité””. http://www.creativite-conseils.com

Brooke D. M.. , 2010, “Creativity & Innovation in Business 2010 Teaching the Application of Design Thinking to Business”, Collaborative Innovation Networks Conference, Procedia social and Behoavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 6532-6538.

Crea Business Idea “Manuel de créativité en entreprise”. creativite@gers.cci.fr

De Bono E, 2004, La boite à outils de la créativité, Ed. d'Organisation, Paris, 452 pages.

De Brabandere, A. Iny , 2010,“Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 77 (2010) 1506-1512.

Durand R, 2006, “Créativité organisationnelle”, Revue Française de Gestion, 2006/2 – no 161, 91-64.

EPFL, 2003. “Analysis of creativity methods”, EPFL - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. June 2003

Guilford J. P, 1968, "Intelligence, Creativity and their Educational implications “, San Diego: Robert R. Knapp.

Finke R.A., Ward T.B. and Smith S.M., “Creative Cognition : Theory, Research and Applications”. Published by Bradford, the MIT Press, Paper 1996.

Mitchell, W., & Kowalik, T., 1989, Creative problem solving workbook. SUNY-Binghamton Press.

Matimore B. “Ideation Techniques”, College of Engineering , Marquette University

Mnisri k. 2007, “La créativité appliquée à l’organisation: apports et les limites, proposition d’un cadre d’analyse”, 5ème congrès International de l’Académie de l’Entrepreneuriat.

Montuori Alfonso, 2003, “Frnak Barron : A creator on Creating”, Journal of humanistic Psychology 2003;43;7.

Ozkan I., 2010, “A path to critical thinking”. Science Direct, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 3 (2010) 210-212.

Shaughnessy M.F., 1998 “An Interview with E. Paul Torrance: About Creativity”, Education Psychology Review, Vol. 10, No. 4.

Wenger W, 2007, “La méthode socratique: l’une des grandes idées du XXIe siècle”. http://www.winwenger.com/socmetfrench.pdf

http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools.htm (classement d’outils de créativité).

Sabina Klimentova sabina.klimentova@tudor.lu