at nasa ames research center · • eloret at nasa ames research center - mairead stackpoole - joy...

Materials Science Work at NASA Ames Research Center

Presentation to: Aranui High School,

Christchurch, New Zealand

Joy 8. Kuhns, ELORET [email protected]

.,

J.search Cenlef

ELORET

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040045298 2020-07-01T13:18:58+00:00Z

Contributors 4eafChCeotel

• NASA Ames Research Center - Sylvia M. Johnson, Jim Arnold, Paul Wercinski, James

Reuther, Dean Kontinos, Don Ellerby, Bernie Laub, Dan Leiser, Christine Szalai, Joe Hartman, Frank Milos

• Eloret at NASA Ames Research Center - Mairead Stackpoole - Joy Kuhns

• The "anonymous" staff in the Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch at NASA Ames

• University of New Mexico/Sandia National Laboratories - Ron Loehman - Paul Kotula, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque

Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch

outline

• NASA Ames Research Center • TPS Deve\opment, inc\uding testing

• Materia\s for the Shutt\e

• Ab\ators • Coatings • Integrated Vehicle Health Management

• Sharp \eading edges

';) ~\/'J r,r",> (' • ,c.~ 'h! f'ft ."'" t VV ()I" l ( . ,,,J '.Y ,j ~,~ ~ r.:A ~ J.> H r, ) Ui:j ingthe latest tecflnologies

II Playing vvlth blowtorches

, What you should learn in high sdmol and university to help you later

,v Surnrrlary

, ~) ~Research Cenler

NASA Entry Vehicles and Missions Supported by Ames

SPACE SHUTTLE

BLUNT BODY CONCEPT (H. Allen) PAET

X-34

VIKING

GALILEO PIONEER-VENUS

Sharp Body Concepts

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TPS Development J.seillCh Cenlel

• TPS Material Development requires:

- Material properties: • Generally low density

• Refractory

• Impact Resistance

• Low Catalycity

• High Emissivity

- Modeling of behavior • Defining operating environment

• Quantifying response to thermal and structural loads


TPS Development (cont'd)

- Testing • Laboratory-based • Creating conditions as close to flight as po?sible

- Atmosphere (gas enthalpy) - Pressure - Heat Flux

J~earCh Cenler

• Arc Jet can create an environment as close as possible to flight

• Flight Testing

• NASA-Ames is capable of handling every stage of TPS development from conception, material properties investigations, and modeling, to fabrication, testing and end product delivery


Ames-Developed Thermal Protection Materials ~ Adopted to Date on Shuttle ~tsea'Chcenle,

AIM-22 Tile

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FRCI-12 Tile

RCG Coating Gap Fillers


Typical Arc Jet Test Leg

• The Ames Arc Jet Complex has a long heritage in TPS development for every Agency Space Transportation and Planetary program, including Apollo, Space Shuttle, Viking, Pioneer-Venus, Galileo, Mars Pathfinder, X-33, X-34, Stardust, SHARP-BI, and SHARP-B2.

• Presently on the critical path for X-37, Shuttle Upgrades, SHARP-LI, Generation 2 & 3 RLVs, Mars Landers '03 and '05 and Mars Sample Return Earth Return Vehicle

• The Arc Jet Complex is currently operating at extremely high production rates, averaging -400 tests per year.

AIR

HIGH PRESSURE COOUNG WATER

DC POWER SUPPLY

NOZZl.E

MODEL SUPPORT SYSTEM

TRANSITIONAUTURBUlENT FLOW OVER MODEL

4search eenlel

TO STEAM --.. VACUUM SYSTEM

- ENTHALPY (BluJ1b): 4000 - 20000

- STAGNATION PRESSURE (aim):

FLAT-FACE MODEL 0.005 - 1.2

WEDGE MODEL 0.0001 - 0.15

- ·HEATING RATES (BluJ1t 2_sec) :

FLAT-FACE MODEL 20 - 660

WEDGE MODEL 0.5 - 45

-SAMPLE SIZE (ft):

FLAT-FACE MODEL Up to 1.5

WEDGE MODEL Up 10 2.5 x 2.5

Thennal Protection Materials and Systems Branch

Ames' Light Weight Ceramic Ablator Family Ease of Manufacturing and Performance

• SIRCA - Silicone Impregnated Refractory

Ceramic Ablator - For medium heat fluxes - Made by infiltrating silicone resin into

a silica-based tile

• PICA - Phenolic Impregnated Carbon

Ablator - For high heat fluxes Phenolic resin

infiltrated into carbon fiber preform

• APPLICATIONS

SIRCA

PICA

~search Cenle!

- SIRCA: Mars/Pathfinder, X-34, Mars Exploration Rover, Mars Exploration Rover (A & 8)

(Shuttle - low heat flux)

- PICA: Stardust

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Futuristic TPS Inspection Process

Detailed Inspection Station (days)

Hangar Maintenance

Scheduled Inspection

Certification Portal (hours) for surface and subsurface inspection

• The portal inspects the TPS as the vehicle passes. - Scan the exterior surface for damage.

- Query the status of subsurface health sensors.

(weeks)

• Alternatively: automated scanning heads or small robots can perform the . spection.

J.sean;h eenlel


Sharp Leading Edges Provide J Increased Safety and Performance 'AmesR~ealchcenlel

• Reduce propulsion requirements by decreasing drag

• Increase maneuverability • Increase time during ascent for safe abort to ground • Increase out-of-orbit cross range which enhances safety by

increasing the number of potential landing sites

SHARP-V5


ISS Ground Track vs. Cross Range J.seaICh Cenler

International Space Station Ground Track

Blunt Range Max Cross-Range 1360 nautical miles

Sharp Body Max Cross-Range 3500 nautical miles

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Large Processing Defects Are Observed J.seafChcenler

HfB2/SiC Flexural Bar: cr = 75 MPa, T = 1200°C

• Large grain HfB2 agglomerates present in microstructure due to incomplete mixing.

Source: Southern Research Institute Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch

•

2002 - 2007

Where we are going: Mission Pull & Timeline for TPS contributions to NASA programs

2008-2013

4.sea/Ch Cenlel

2014 - 2025

3rd Gen TSTO

High LID Crew Transfer Vehicle

~ SIRCA

HEDS Aerocapture & Lander Vehicles

OP Aerocapture Midlhigh LJD vehicle

Light Weight Ablators Developmen Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch

-

Summary of NASA Ames Materials Science work

~ ~searCh Center

• Selection of thermal protection materials is based on environment and use (heat flux, temperature, reuse requirements, density)

• Materials with very high temperature capabilities will allow for sharp leading edges and improved vehicle performance and safety

• NASA Ames has a long heritage in the development of Thermal Protection Systems, and continues to fulfill NASA's missions through ongoing research and development - This is an exciting field in which to work


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Outline

.J r\jASA Ames Research Center (.) lVlaterials for the Shuttle D Ablators .) Coatings ;1 Sharp leading edges

Integrated Vehicle Healtll IVlanagernenl

• More fun at work • Using the latest technologies • Playing with blowtorches

. ~ km'iifesearch Center

• What you should learn in high school and university to help you later

• Summary


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I nformal non-scientific anonymous survey J.sealCh Cenler

• Taken in April, 2003 at the Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch of NASA Ames

• Interviewed seven recent graduates (graduated within the last two years): - 4 women, 3 men

- 6 Universities - 1 with 2 Bachelor's Degrees - 2 with Master's Degrees (one has also worked as an instructor at a state college)

- 4 with PhD's

- All now working in Research Scientist capacity, some as Project Managers, Lab Managers

• Asked them the following questions: - What are you glad you learned in college?

- What do you wish you had learned/done/is there anything you regret not doing?

- What advice would you give to college students?

• The following information represents their responses. - Supported by my many years of experience.


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•

People skills ~ ~;~searCh Cenler

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• .: In replljfe" yqu Cl ~e not.J~~\J~ie'~~~~;~lyr~pnality . compata,b~' !Jty/cl'ashes ,~~:~U.7~~:$l~f~~'~~~ the performance of eV,eryQrqei, Ira t,he t~am" ~~,I~~1tl.~¥.tf,;)'q~Ject results '" ' '

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- .. 1: lm :,~,~e'~~<Rr~i, ~J)vih~~"nm;E,l~'~' ~~,~,~:rl~;~q:JJ to kno~ how to explain things In simple terms and to put yourself In someone else's shoes .'

Take advice from a Project Manager • Interacting with people is the MOST important

• The techni~al 9~P/~ctds pretty ~m~J I - what makes a project go. well is coordinating, .r:notivating, having people work togetbe.,ps .' ./'i1f,·;;: .. · .. ,i

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Involvement in school J.ese3ICh eenlel

• Do: - Use the school resources - Take advantage of career days - As much as you can to take the initiative to work with

teachers and professors • Most people do not

- Ask questions if in doubt - a lot of times people do not do this, as they do not wish to embarrass themselves, but do not be shy - when you ask, the rest of the group will start asking. Not clarifying at the outset makes confusion set in!

- Take extensive notes on experiments; you may have to remake the samples one day, and so you need to know how


Involvement in school (cont'd) ,J.searchCentet

• Do: Be willing to learn new things; try, regardless of what others are doing

• Employers look for people with the "spark in the eye", who are "fired up" about what they do, and are willing to take a different approach

Learn presentation skills on: • Yourself, your project

- A presentation can determine whether you secure a job, or if something is funded


Do not!

• Throw out your notes • Throw out/sell your textbooks • Assume you will not work in a

specific place - you may become interested in that exact thing

J.Slalth Ceolll


• Do

School is unique J.sellCh eeolel

Have fun in school, study hard, but do the best you can to take advantage of the right opportunities to enjoy outings. You will miss it. Life is fun, but not in the same way. Try and become involved in school life. The experience is unrivaled and can be quite enriching.

• Take advantage of university-abroad programs


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