astonishing diversity—the medicinal plant markets of

RESEARCH Open Access

Astonishing diversity—the medicinal plantmarkets of Bogotá, ColombiaRainer W. Bussmann1* , Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana2, Carolina Romero3 and Robbie E. Hart3

Abstract

Background: Despite the importance of local markets as a source of medicinal plants in Colombia, comparativelylittle comparative research reports on the pharmacopoeiae sold. This stands in contrast to wealth of availableinformation for other components of plant use in Colombia and other countries. The present provides a detailedinventory of the medicinal plant markets in the Bogotá metropolitan area, hypothesizing that the speciescomposition, and medicinal applications, would differ across markets of the city.

Methods: From December 2014 to February 2016, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 plantvendors in 24 markets in Bogotá in order to elucidate more details on plant usage and provenance.

Results: In this study, we encountered 409 plant species belonging to 319 genera and 122 families. These wereused for a total of 19 disease categories with 318 different applications. Both species composition and uses ofspecies did show considerable differences across the metropolitan area—much higher in fact than we expected.

Conclusions: The present study indicated a very large species and use diversity of medicinal plants in the marketsof Bogotá, with profound differences even between markets in close proximity. This might be explained by thegreat differences in the origin of populations in Bogotá, the floristic diversity in their regions of origin, and theirvery distinct plant use knowledge and preferences that are transferred to the markets through customer demand.Our study clearly indicated that studies in single markets cannot give an in-depth overview on the plant supply anduse in large metropolitan areas.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Markets, Colombia, Globalization

BackgroundLike in many tropical countries, traditional knowledge inColombia is still under-documented [1–3], despite the factthat the country could be called the “cradle of modernethnobotany”, due to the decade long research of RichardEvans Schultes [4]. General ethnobotanical studies inColombia have frequently focused on individual interestingspecies [5–13], specific medicinal applications (e.g., antiviraland antitumor activity) [14, 15], leishmaniasis [16], snakebites [17–21], crops and economically important plants [10,22–25], or specific plant families [26–33]. Individual ethnicgroups were recently treated by a variety of authors [34–38]. Columbian medicinal plant use has even been studiedoverseas [39].

However, in contrast to neighboring countries likePeru and Bolivia [31, 40–50], although Lima et al. [51]provided a comparison of markets in the wider Amazon.Thus, for Colombia there is very little comparative in-

formation available about which plants are sold inColombian markets, under which vernacular name atany given time, for which indication, which dosage infor-mation, and what kind of information about side effectsvendors provide to their clients. The present study at-tempts to remedy this situation by providing a detailedinventory of medicinal plant markets in the Bogotámetropolitan area. We hypothesized that, on the onehand, like in Peru and Bolivia [31, 40–50] the plant anduse composition of different markets would vary de-pending on their location and customer population, butthat, on the other hand, there would overall be a largeoverlap in plants between markets, and larger markets

* Correspondence: [email protected];[email protected] Nacional de Historia Natural, Calle Ovidio Suarez (26), Cota Cota, LaPaz, BoliviaFull list of author information is available at the end of the article

© The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link tothe Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Bussmann et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:43 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0241-8

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would comprise an almost complete inventory of all spe-cies available.

MethodsEthnobotanical inventoryFrom December 2014 to February 2016, semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with 38 plant vendors in 24markets in Bogotá in order to elucidate more details onplant usage and provenance. The markets were chosento cover as many neighborhoods of Bogotá as possible,thus trying to represent the complete geography of thecity and its ethnically diverse population. Plants were al-ways sold in the regular mercados de abasto—the regularfood supply markets. Within a neighborhood, we alwayschose the main market, in order to make data compar-able. Semi-structured interviews following [49] are underconsideration of the collection standards established by[52]. During the interviews, a complete sample of allplants sold in a respective market stall was bought andall available information for each species elucidated fromthe vendor. Vendor participants were self-selected: everyvendor in the studied markets was asked if they wantedto participate in the study, and the vendors who agreedwere then interviewed. Overall about one third of thevendors in the markets participated in the interviews. In-terviews were conducted only after explaining the studyto all participants and obtaining their oral priorinformed consent. No further ethics approval was required.All work was carried out following the International Societyfor Ethnobiology Code of Ethics [53] and under the frame-work provided by the Nagoya Protocol on Access toGenetic Resources and Fair and equitable sharing of bene-fits arising from their use of the Convention on BiologicalDiversity; the interviewed vendors retain the copyright oftheir traditional knowledge. Any commercial use of any ofthe information requires prior consensus with the infor-mants involved, and an agreement on the distribution ofbenefits.Twenty-six of the participants were women, and 12

men, with ages ranging from 25 to 70 years. The ethni-city of the vendors was not disclosed. All interviewswere conducted in Spanish.Vouchers of all species were collected, and all plant

material was identified at the National Herbarium ofColombia. No material whatsoever was exported fromColombia. The nomenclature of all species followswww.tropicos.org, under APG III [54].

Statistical analysisAmong markets we compared plant species reported asbeing used (unique Latin binomials, e.g., Aloe vera),plant uses (unique combinations of a species used foran ailment or illness, e.g., Aloe vera for eye irritation),and plant categories (unique combinations of a species

used for a category of ailments, e.g., Aloe vera sensorysystem).To compare the geographic/market structure of plants

and plant uses, we extracted lists of unique and sharedplants, plant uses, and plant categories in each market[55]. In addition to these raw counts, we also used Eu-clidian distance as a metric of the difference amongmarkets.To evaluate plant importance, we used the logarithmic

informant consensus (LIC) index of [56]. Here, we con-sidered markets as “occurrences,” so for a species:

LICs ¼ sum ðICu� ln FCusð Þ

where for each use of a species ICu= (FCu−NSu)/(FCu− 1),FCu is the total reports of that use and NSu is thenumber of species reported for the use.To evaluate the diversity of uses across markets, we

calculated, for each plant that occurs in at least two mar-kets, the percent of its uses that are unique to eachmarket.All analyses were performed using the R program

package [57].

ResultsIn this study, we encountered 409 plant species belongingto 319 genera and 122 families in all markets studied(Table 1). In all markets, the most common plant familiesused were Fabaceae (43 species, 10.5%), Asteraceae (34species, 8.3%), Lamiaceae (24 species, 5.8%), Malvaceae(16 species, 3.9%), Solanaceae (15 species, 3.7%), andEuphorbiaceae (13 species, 3.1%). Almost all of all specieswere known only by their Spanish names.Most remedies were taken orally as decoctions/infu-

sions, and a much smaller number was applied as cata-plasm. Applications involved preferentially leaves andaerial parts of the plant.Four hundred two species were used for medicinal

purposes. The most treated illness categories wereNon-specific symptoms and general illnesses (223 spe-cies, 55.4%), Digestive system (208, 52%), Skin and sub-cutaneous tissue (142, 35.3%), Respiratory system (131,32.6%), Urinary system (119, 29.6%), Blood and circula-tory system (107, 26.6%), and Infections and infestations(100, 24.8%). Among the individual illnesses, indigestion(167 species, 41.5%) stood out as the most common ill-ness, followed by diuretic uses (155, 38.5%), emmena-gogues (125, 32%), and flatulence (123, 30.5%) andrheumatism, diarrhea, and use as laxative (120, 119, and166 species, 30, 29.5, and 29%, respectively).In the present study, almost without exception, the

small markets contained much less species than themain markets. Markets in Bogotá had very large num-bers of unique plants, and the difference between the

Bussmann et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:43 of 47

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Table

1

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Acanthaceae

Apheland

rapilosa

Leon

ard

Cajeto

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol,Obe

sity);Urin

ary

system

(Diuretic)

PlazaSantande

r

Hygroph

ilatyttha

Leon

ard

Amansagu

apos

/Dom

inio

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Anxiety,Tranq

uilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Seizures)

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;Plaza

deSanBenito

JusticiapectoralisJacq.

Amansatoros

Bloo

dandcirculatorysystem

(Cardiac

stim

ulant);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Anxiety)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Justiciaxantho

stachyaLeon

ard

Pulm

onaria

Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thinfections);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Musclerelaxant);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,Fever,Inflammation);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Sexualp

oten

cy);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Flu,H

elpbreathing);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,H

ealing)

Plazade

LasFerias

Tricha

nthera

gigantea

(Bon

pl.)

Nees

Cajeto/Naced

ero/

Quieb

rabarrigo/Quieb

rabarriga/

Cafeto

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Digestive

system

(Hernia,Liverprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Syphilis,Vermifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity);

Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea,Emen

agog

ue);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Sores);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinary

infection);Veterinary(Herniain

cows)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

LasFerias;

Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Ado

xaceae

Sambucusperuvian

aKu

nth

Sauco

Bloo


(Arteriosclerosis,Bloo

dcleansing);C

ulturalillnesses(Purifies

thebo

dy);Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thdiseases);Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a);

Infections

andinfestations

(Measles);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Neuralgia,Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Ape

na,Fever,H

eadache,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);O

thers(Sun

stroke,Ton

ic);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Bronchitis,C

ough

,Expectorant,Flu,

Respiratory

tract,Sinu

sitis,Throatinflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,Skin

diseases);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deLa

Perseverancia;Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Algae Caulerpa

sp.

Caulerpa

Animalfood

(Animalfood

)*;H

uman

food

(Water

purifier)*

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Gracilaria

sp.

Gelosa

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Amaranthaceae

Amaran

thus

spinosus

L.Bled

oNon

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Stomachache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Men

strualcolic);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds,Sores)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Beta

vulgarisL.

Acelga

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Liverprob

lems);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);U

rinarysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

Fontibón

Chenopodium

quinoa

Willd.

Quinu

a/Quinu

aroja

Infections

andinfestations

(Tub

erculosis);M

uscular-skelettal

system

(Fractures,Luxation,Sprain);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Stomachache

)Rep

rodu

ctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea)Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Dysph

aniaam

brosioides

(L.)

Mosyakin&Clemants

Flor

delP

aico

/Paico/Payco

Bloo


(Tachycardia);Digestivesystem

(Cho

lera,C

olic,D

iarrhe

a,Digestiveprob

lems,Flatulen

ce,

Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria,Vermifuge

);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Inflammation,

Spasms);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh,Flu)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);

Plazade

Mercado


delQ

uirig

ua;Plaza

del

Restrepo

;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Gom

phrena

globosaL.

Siem

previva

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Spasm

s);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Dysmen

orrhea)Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,

Calluses,Skin

diseases,Skinspots,Warts)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Gom

phrena

serra

taL.

Abrojo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

,Lun

gdiseases,

Pneumon

ia)

Plazade

Fontibón

Iresin

ediffusa

Hum

b.&Bo

npl.

exWilld.

Penicilina

Bloo


(Ane

mia)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Amaryllidaceae

Allium

sativum

L.Ajo

/Ajo

macho

/Flor

deajo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Circulatory

stim

ulant,Highbloo

dpressure);Culturalillnesses(Goo

dluck,

Witchcraft);Digestivesystem

(Gastritis,Intestinalinfections,

Liverprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Infections,Vermifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,

Rheumatism)Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,C

ancer,Hem

orrhage)Others(Ton

ic);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSan

Carlos;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Hippeastrum

puniceum

(Lam

.)Ku

ntze

Duend

eCulturalillnesses(W

itchcraft)

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Anacardiaceae

Anacardium

occidentaleL.

Cajú/Marañón

Bloo


(Ane

mia);Culturalillnesses

(Stren

gthe

n);D

entalh

ealth

(Mou

thinfections);Digestive

system

(Con

stipation);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Scurvy)Nervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Stim

ulant)Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Gen

eralmalaise);Others(M

emory,Tonic);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility,Sexual

potency);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Flu);Skin

and

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deMercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;

Plazade

lRestrep

o


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

subcutaneo

ustissue(Acne,Calluses,Healing,

Skin

diseases,

Warts);Urin

arysystem

(Prostate);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

Man

gifera

indica

L.Mango

Den

talh

ealth

(Afts,Mou

thinfections,Stren

gthe

nthegu

ms,

Toothache);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Inflammation)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Schinu

smolleL.

Pimiento

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);M

uscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Spon

dias

purpurea

L.Ciru

elade

lPaís

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Ann

onaceae

Anno

nacherimolaMill.

Chirim

oyo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Cancer)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Anno

namuricataL.

Guanábana

/Guanábano

Culturalillnesses("F

ríosen

cajado

s");Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,Flatulence,Indige

stion,

Stom

achprob

lems,Vo

mitive);Infections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Spasm

s,Stom

achache

);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises);Urin

arysystem

(Urin

ary

infection);H

uman

food

(Beb

erage,Food

)*

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deLa


Mercado


del20de

Julio

Anno

nasquamosaL.

Anó

nSkin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Xylopiaarom

atica(Lam

.)Mart.

Malagusta

Digestivesystem

(Stren

gthe

nsdige

stivesystem

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Lackof

appe

tite,Stom

ach

ache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

LasCruces

Apiaceae

Anethu

mgraveolens

L.Eneldo

Digestivesystem

(Flatulence,Indige

stion);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);Hum

anfood

(Con

dimen

t)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Angelicaarchan

gelicaL.

Ang

élica

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Cancer,Spasms)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Apium

graveolens

L.Apio

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Colic,D

iarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,G

allbladd

er,Ind

igestio

n,Liverprob

lems);M


(Rhe

umatism);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Stim

ulant);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Inflammation,

Stom

achache

);Others(Sun

stroke);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Men

strualcolic);Respitarory

system

(Aph

onia);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Arracaciaxantho

rrhiza

Bancr.

Arracacha

Sensorysystem

(Con

junctivitis)

Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Eryngium

foetidum

L.Cilantrón/Cilantrón/Piuren

áDigestivesystem

(Flatulence,Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Smallpox,Vermifuge

);Respitarory

system

(Flu);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaPerseverancia;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plaza

deMercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Foeniculum

vulgareMill.

Hinojo

Digestivesystem

(Colic,Flatulence,Indige

stion,Stom

ach

prob

lems,Vo

mitive);Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);N

ervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Dizzine

ss,H

eadache,Hem

orrhage,Lack

ofappe

tite,Spasms);Pregn

ancy,childbirthandchild-bed

(Galactogo

gue,Infected

breasts);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,

Expe

ctorant,Flu);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis);U

rinary

system

(Diuretic,Kidne

yston

es);Hum

anfood

(Con

dimen

t,Food

)*

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSan

Carlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delQ

uirig

ua;Plaza

del

Restrepo

Nipho

getonternata(W

illd.

exSchltr.)Mathias

&Con

stance

Apiode

mon

teDigestivesystem

(Colitis,Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery)M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism)

Plazade

LasCruces

Petroselinum

crisp

um(M

ill.)

Nym

anex

A.W.H

illPerejil

Bloo


(Heartdiseases);Digestive

system

(Flatulence);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea,Emen

agog

ue);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Pimpine

llaanisum

L.Anís

Bloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant,Circulatory

stim

ulant);D

igestivesystem

(Flatulence,Indige

stion);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);O

thers(Sun

stroke);

Preg

nancy,childbirthandchild-bed

(Galactogo

gue);

Respitarory

system

(Helpbreathing);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Apo

cynaceae

Allaman

dacatharticaL.

Capitana

/Cop

ade

Oro

/Capitana

/Cop

ade

Oro

/Jazm

ínAnti-ven

om(Antidote);D

igestivesystem

(Con

stipation);


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Headache);Respitarory

system

(Flu)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l20de

Julio

Aspidospermapolyneuron

Müll.

Arg.

Quimulá/Cum

ulá

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Ape

na);

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Expe

ctorant)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Aspidospermaquebracho-blan

coSchltdl.

Quebracho

Blanco

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Expe

ctorant)

Plazade

SanCarlos

Coum

amacrocarpaBarb.Rod

r.Jansoco

Preg


(Careum

bilicalcord)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Rauvolfia

tetraphylla

L.Mirto

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Blood

andcirculatorysystem

(High

bloo

dpressure)

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

SanBenito

Thevetiaperuvian

a(Pers.)

K.Schu

m.

Pepa

decabrito

/Caucho

Bloo



system

(Con

stipation);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Fever)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Vincamajor

L.Amor

antio

queñ

oBloo



system

(Con

stipation)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Araceae

Colocasia

esculenta(L.)Scho

ttPapachina/Pipachin

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(W

eaknessin

children);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Mon

steradeliciosa

Lieb

m.

Balazo

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*;Cultural(Antithe

ft)*

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Philodend

rondyscarpium

R.E.

Schu

lt.Odo

káHum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Xantho

somasagittifolium

(L.)

Scho

ttMafafa

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Arecaceae

Phoenixdactylifera

L.Datilera

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Sexualp

oten

cy);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochiagran

diflora

Sw.

Bejuco

deCarare

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Blood


(Circulatorystim

ulant);M


(Muscular

paralysis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,Infertility);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Stin

ging

)

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

AristolochiamaximaJacq.

Bejuco

deCarare/Carare/Guaco

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Blood


(Circulatorystim

ulant);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Stin

ging

)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

delLucero;

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Aristolochiaringens

Vahl

Guaco

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Stin

ging

)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Aristolochiatriang

ularisCham.

Bejuco

Carare

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Fever);Preg


(Abo

rtive);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue)

Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Asclepiadaceae

AsclepiascurassavicaL.

Jalapa

Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Vom

itive);

Infections

andinfestations

(Gon

orrhea,Vermifuge

);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skindiseases)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Funa

strum

clausum

(Jacq.)

Schltr.

Bejuco

sapo

Digestivesystem

(Vom

itive);Sensorysystem

(Con

junctivitis)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Asparagaceae

Cordylinefru

ticosa(L.)A.C

hev.

Palm

amorada/Palm

areal

Urin

arysystem

(DiureticUrin

aryinfection)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrepo

Furcraea

cabuya

Trel.

Fiqu

e/Pencade

Fiqu

e/Pu

lque

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Hep

aticstim

ulant,Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems,

Stom

achprob

lems);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Sensorysystem

(Con


ustissue(Skinspots);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del

Restrepo

Furcraea

macroph

yllaBaker

Fiqu

eDigestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Dropsy);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Sansevieria

trifasciata

Prain

Culeb

rilla

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(M

enop

ause);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Herpe

s)Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deMercado

Trinidad-Galán

Asteraceae

Achilleamillefolium

L.Altamisa/Milenram

aBloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Gallbladd

er,G

astritis,Indige

stion,Streng

then

sdige

stivesystem

);Infections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,

Hem

orrhage,Inflammation,Lack

ofappe

tite,Noseb

leed

,Spasms);O

thers(Ton

ic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Acne,Bo

ils,Bruises,H

ealing,

Healingwou

nds,Skin

ulcers,Sores);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade


LasFerias

Achyroclinebogotensis(Kun

th)

DC.

Vira

Vira

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Ovariandiseases);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s,Skin

diseases);Urin

ary

system

(Prostate,Urethralinfectio

ns)

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Achyroclinesatureioides

(Lam

.)DC.

Vira

Vira

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s,Skin

diseases)

Plazade

SanBenito

Ambrosiaperuvian

aWilld.

Altamisa/Artem

isa

Culturalillnesses(W

itchcraft);Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er,

Liverprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Vermifuge


(Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,H

emorrhage,

Spasms,Tumors);O

thers(Ton

ic);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic);Veterin

ary

(Udd

erinflammation)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deLasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza;Plaza

Santande

r

Arnica

mon

tana

L.Arnica

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant);D

ental

health

(Stren

gthe

nthegu

ms);D

igestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er);


(Arthritis,Cramps,Fractures,

Luxatio

n,Sprain);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,D

izzine

ss,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,

Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Tumors);Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis,Respiratory

tract);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Acne,Astrin

gent,Bruises,

Fung

icide,Healing,

Healingwou

nds,Skin

diseases,Stretch

marks)

Artemisiaabsin

thium

L.Ajenjo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);C

ultural

illne

sses

(Affright);Den

talh

ealth

(Halito

sis,Toothache);

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,G

allbladd

er,G

allstone

s,Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems,Stom

achprob

lems,Vo

mitive);

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Nervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic,H

eadache,Lack

ofappe

tite,

Stom

achache

);Others(Sun

stroke,Ton

ic);Preg

nancy,

childbirthandchild-bed

(Breastcare);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Lun

gdiseases,Throatinflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Deafness,Otitis);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Stin

ging

);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSantande

r

ArtemisiavulgarisL.

Artem

isa/Altamisa

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsy);Pregn

ancy,


(Childbe

d);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Austroeupatorium

inulifolium

(Kun

th)R

.M.King&H.Rob

.SalviaAmarga

Bloo


(Highbloo


system

(Liver

prob

lems);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Cancer);

Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis)

Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

delLucero;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Baccha

ristricun

eata

(L.f.)Pers.

Sanalotodo

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Bidens

pilosa

L.Amor

Seco

/Chipaca

/Masiquia

Culturalillnesses(W


(Diarrhe

a,Gallbladd

er,Ind

igestio

n,Liverprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deLa


Las

Ferias;Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;

Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Calend

ulaofficinalisL.

Calén

dula

Bloo


(Ane

mia,Blood

cleansing);

Digestivesystem

(Colon

inflammation,Con

stipation,

Duo

denu

mprob

lems,Gastritis,Gastrointestin

aldisorders,

Indige

stion);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,D

andruff,Hem

orrhage,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Stom

achcancer);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Men

strualcolic);Sensorysystem

(Otitis);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue,Bruises,

Burns,Calluses,Healing,

Pustules,Skindiseases,Skinulcers,

Sores,Warts)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deElCarmen

;Plaza

deFontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade


Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanCarlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza;Plaza

Santande

r

Chaptalia

nutans

(L.)Po

l.Lechug

uita

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);

Others(Sun

stroke)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Chromolaena

odorata(L.)R.M.

King

&H.Rob

.Ro

mpe

saragü

eyNon

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,

Inflammation,Tumors);O

thers(Ton

ic)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Chromolaena

scabra

(L.f.)R.M.

King

&H.Rob

.SalviaAmarga

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Den

tal

health

(Mou


(Liver

prob

lems,

Stom

achprob

lems);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Cancer,Mosqu

itobites,Tumors);Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Clibadium

sylvestre(Aub

l.)Baill.

Barbasco

Infections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Muscularpain);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Cyna

racardun

culusL.

Alcacho

faBloo


(Ane

mia,A

rteriosclerosis,Bloo

dcleansing);D

igestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Gallbladd

er,

Hep

aticstim

ulant,Indige

stion);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Goiter,Restorative);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(W

eaknessin

children);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic,Kidne

yinfection,Prostate)

Plazade


Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20

deJulio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrepo

Espeletia

aff.corymbosa

Bonp

l.Frailejón

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);C

ulturalillnesses

("Frío

sen

cajado

s");Preg


(Childbe

d)

Plazade

LasFerias

Espeletia

argentea

Bonp

l.Frailejón

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);Pregn

ancy,


(Postpartum

care);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Lung

diseases);Sensorysystem

(Otitis)

Plazade

SanCarlos

Espeletiopsisgarciae(Cuatrec.)

Cuatrec.

Frailejón

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);C

ulturalillnesses

("Frío

sen

cajado

s",Incen

seforcleanising

);Muscular-skelettal

system

(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Preg

nancy,childbirthand

child-bed

(Childbe

d);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea);Respitarory

system

(Lun

gdiseases);Sensory

system

(Otitis);Cultural(D

eterge

nt)*

Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Galinsoga

parvifloraCav.

Guasca/Guascas

Bloo


(Highbloo


system

(Gastrointestin

aldisorders,Indige

stion,Liver

prob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

and

nutrition

(Hyperglycem

ia,Scurvy);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Inflammation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Bruises,H

ealing,

Sores);U

rinarysystem

(Kidne

yinfection)

Plazade


l20de

Julio;Plaza

del

Restrepo

Gam

ocha

etaam

erican

a(M

ill.)

Wed

d.Vira

Vira

Preg


(Postpartum

care);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Lun

gdiseases);Urin

ary

system

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Gam

ocha

etapurpurea

(L.)

Cabrera

Vira

Vira

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Promotes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,Expectorant);Skin

andsubcutaneo


Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Gna

phalium

elegan

sKu

nth

Vira

Vira

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,

Hem

orrhage,Inflammation);Sinusitis(Prostate,Urin

ary

infection)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSan

Carlos;Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSantande

r


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Gom

phrena

serra

taL.

Abrojo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);C

ultural

illne

sses

(Affright);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Digestive

prob

lems,Dysen

tery,G

astritis,Intestinalinfections);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Stomach

ache

);Others(Ton

ic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Vaginaldischarge);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s);

Urin

arysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

SanCarlos

Koan

ophyllonsolidaginoides

(Kun

th)R

.M.King&H.Rob

.Abrecam

inos

Culturalillnesses(Goo

dluck);Digestivesystem

(Flatulence);

Respitarory

system

(Flu,Respiratory

tract);

Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s,Skin

diseases)

Plazade


LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Matricariacham

omillaL.

Manzanilla

/Matricaria

Hum

anfood

(Beb

erage)*;Bloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant);D

igestivesystem

(Colic,D

iarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Infections);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Stress,

Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Tranq

uilizer,N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses,

Alope

cia,Analgesic,Fever,H

eadache,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Spasms,Stom

achache

);Others(Ton

ic);Preg

nancy,


(Breastcare);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic);Sensory

system

(Con


ustissue(Healing,

Skin

allergies)

Plazade


LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-

Galán;Plaza

dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;

Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza;Plaza

deKenn

edy

Mikan

iaguacoBo

npl.

Guaco

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Pentacaliacorymbosa

(Ben

th.)

Cuatrec.

Guasquín

Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis,Throat

inflamation)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Senecioform

osus

Kunth

Arnica


(Fractures);Nervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene


ustissue

(Bruises)

Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanCarlos

Silybum

marianu

m(L.)Gaertn.

Cardo

Mariano

Digestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Smallanthu

ssonchifolius

(Poe

pp.)H.Rob

.Yacón

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Gastrointestin

aldisorders,

Indige

stion,Intestinalinfections,Reg

enerateintestinalflora);

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(High

cholesterol,Hyperglycem

ia,Low

ercholesterol,Obe

sity,

Streng

then

inum

osystem);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Osteo

porosis);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Colon

cancer);

Others(Ton

ic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deMercado


del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Spilanthesoppositifolia

(Lam

.)D'Arcy

Botónde

oro/Bo

toncillo/Guaca

/Chisaca


dluck);Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thdiseases,

Mou

thinfections,Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er,

Liverprob

lems);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing,

Skin

spots)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deLa

Con

cordia;Plaza

deLa


Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Estevia


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Steviarebaudiana

(Bertoni)

Berton

iBloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant,Circulatory

stim

ulant,Highbloo

dpressure);Den

talh

ealth

(Cavities);

Digestivesystem

(Gastritis,Indige

stion);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(App

etite

supp

ressant,

Gou

t,Highcholesterol,Hyperglycem

ia,O

besity);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Anxiety);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Fun

gicide

,Healing,

Skin

care);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade


Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Taraxacum

officinaleF.H.W

igg.

Dientede

León

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation,Gallbladd

er,G

astritis,Indige

stion,Liver

prob

lems,Stom

achprob

lems);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Gou

t,Highcholesterol,O

besity);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Improvehe

alth,Stomachache

);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skinulcers);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection);

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LaPerseverancia;Plaza

deMercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del

20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Basellaceae

Anredera

cordifolia

(Ten

.)Steenis

Insulina

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Hyperglycem

ia);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Fractures);

Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh);Sensorysystem

(Con

junctivitis)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

UllucustuberosusCaldas

Chu

gua/Ulluco

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Pregn

ancy,childbirthand

child-bed

(Childbe

d)Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Berberidaceae

Berberisglauca

DC.

Tachuelo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Fever,H

emorrhage,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);

Others(Ton

ic)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

BerberisgoudotiiTriana

&Planch.exWed

d.Espino

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Hem

orrhage);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(SkinTonic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Bign

oniaceae

Crescentiacujete

L.Totumo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Varicoseveins);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Headache,Hem

orrhage);O

thers(Sun

stroke);Preg

nancy,



system

(Pregn


,Asthm

a,Bron

chial

dilator,Bron

chiald

iseases,Cou

gh,Expectorant,Respiratory

tract,Sinu

sitis);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skinulcers)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deLasCruces;Plazade

LasFerias;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

deSanCarlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Delostomaintegrifolium

D.D

onCajeto/Crecedo

rBloo


(Blood

cleansing);U

rinary

system

(Diuretic)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Han

droanthu

sbarbatus

(E.M

ey.)

Mattos

Palo

deArco

Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Jacaranda

caucanaPittier


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Jacarand

acaucan

aPittier

Gualand

ayBloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

entalh

ealth

(Mou

thinfections);Digestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Anthe

lmintic,Syphilis,Ven

ereal

diseases);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Bon

epain);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);Sensorysystem

(Mou

thulcers);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s,Skin

diseases)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade


Las

Cruces;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Jacarand

acopaia(Aub

l.)D.D

onGualand

ayBloo


(Blood

cleansing);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Syphilis,Ven

ereald

iseases);M

uscular-skelettal

system

(Arthritis,Neuralgia,Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,Skinallergies,Skin

ulcers);Urin

ary

system

(Urethralinfectio

ns)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deLa


Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Jacarand

amimosifolia

D.D

onGualand

ayInfections

andinfestations

(Syphilis)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Bixaceae

Bixa

orellana

L.Bija/Achiote

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,Mosqu

itobites);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Sexual


system

(Bronchitis,Expectorant,

Tonsillitis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,Eczem

a,Healing,

Skin

diseases);Hum

anfood

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

deSan

Benito;Plaza

delQ

uirig

ua

Bombacaceae

Herranianitida(Poe

pp.)R.E.

Schu

lt.Otonasaré

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Boraginaceae

Borago

officinalisL.

Borraja

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);C

ultural

illne

sses

("Frío

sen

cajado

s");Infections

andinfestations

(Measles);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea,Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

,Expectorant,Flu);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

SanCarlos;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Cordiaalliodora

(Ruiz&Pav.)

Oken

Laurel

Infections

andinfestations

(Infections);Nervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Promotes

sweatin

g)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

CordiadentataPo

ir.Uvito

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Promotes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Expectorant)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Heliotropium

arborescensL.

Heliotrop

oDigestivesystem

(Vom

itive);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Cancer);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skin

ulcers)

Plazade

SanCarlos


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Symph

ytum

officinaleL.

Con

frey

Bloo


(Arteriosclerosis,Circulatory

stim

ulant,Varicoseveins);D

igestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Gastritis);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Gou

t,Restorative);


(Bon

epain,Rhe

umatism);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);Others

(Health

yhair);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,D

econ

gestant,

Expe

ctorant,Respiratory

tract,Sinu

sitis);Sensorysystem

(Con


ustissue(Burns);Urin

ary

system

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Brassicaceae

Brassicanigra(L.)W.D.J.Ko

chMostaza

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Indige

stion);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


appe

tite);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,Pne

umon

ia)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Brassicarapa

L.Nabo

Digestivesystem

(Intestinalinflammation);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Bot

fly);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Inflammation);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh,

Respiratory

tract)

Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Draba

litam

oL.Urib

eLítamoreal

Culturalillnesses(Lon

gevity);Digestivesystem

(Gastrointestin

aldisorders);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Cancer)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Lepidium

bipinn

atifidum

Desv.

Mastuerzo

/Chisgo

Digestivesystem

(Flatulence,Indige

stion);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Others(Alcoh

olism);

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Throat

inflamation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds,Skin

diseases);Urin

ary

system

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Nasturtium

officinaleW.T.A

iton

Berros

/Mastuerzo

Bloo


(Ane

mia);Digestivesystem

(Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Raph

anus

sativus

L.Rábano

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity)

PlazaBo

yacá

Brom

eliaceae

Tilland

siausneoides(L.)L.

Melen

a/Barbade

Viejo

Digestivesystem

(Hernia);M


(Rhe

umatism);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Burseraceae

Burseragraveolens

(Kun

th)

Triana

&Planch.

Palo

Santo/Sasafrás/Tatamaco

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Circulatory

stim

ulant);C

ulturalillnesses(Goo


(Hernia);M


(Arthritis,Muscularpain,

Sprain);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stress);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Dizzine

ss,H

eadache,

Prom

otes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh,Flu);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rem

ovethorns,Skinallergies);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Burserasim

aruba(L.)Sarg.

IndioDesnu

do/Caratero

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);D

igestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Gangren

e);M

etabolism

and

nutrition

(Obe

sity,Thyroid);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Rem

ovethorns)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Cactaceae

Opuntiaficus-indica

(L.)Mill.

Nop

al/Tuna

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol,Lower

cholesterol,Obe

sity);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Inflammation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Spu

rson

feet);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic);H

uman

food

(Foo

d,Water

purifier)*

Plazade


lRestrep

o

Pereskiaguam

acho

F.A.C.W

eber

Cactus

Bloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant);D

igestive

system

(Liver

decong

estio

n);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Teph

rocactus

molinensis

(Spe

g.)

Backeb

.Tuna

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

dcolorin

g,Water

purifier)*

Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio

Calop

hyllaceae

Mam

mea

american

aL.

Mam

eyInfections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Alope

cia)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Cannabaceae

Cann

abissativaL.

Marihuana

Culturalillnesses(Hallucino

gen);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Stomachcram

p);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Infertility)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Caprifoliaceae

Valeriana

officinalisL.

Valeriana

Culturalillnesses(Hypocho

ndria,Vertig

o);D

entalh

ealth

(Mou

thinfections,Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Indige

stion);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Anxiety,Epilepsy,

Sedative,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Headache,Men

opause,Seizures,Spasms);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,C

ough

,Throat

inflamation)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deFontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;

Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSantande

r

Caricaceae

Vascon

celleapubescensA.D

C.

Papayuela

Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Ton

sillitis);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Acne,Warts)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Celastraceae

Maytenu

slaevisReissek

Chu

chug

uaza

/Chu

chuh

uaza

Bloo


(Ane


(Diarrhe

a);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Inflammation,Spasms,

Tumors);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Sexual

potency);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lRestrepo

;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Chrysob

alanaceae

Chrysobalanu

sicacoL.

Icaco

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

SanBenito

Clusiaceae

ClusiaalataPlanch.&

Triana

Gaque

/Venced

ora


dluck);Nervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Headache);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Hum

anfood

(Water

purifier)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


deSanBenito

Clusiamultiflora

Kunth

Chagu

alo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Skindiseases)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Com

melinaceae

Callisia

repens

(Jacq.)L.

Sueldo

/Suelda

consuelda


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Inflammation)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Commelinaerecta

L.Suelda

conSuelda


(Arthritis,Dislocatio

n,Fractures,

Luxatio

n,Rh

eumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Inflammation)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deElCarmen

;Plaza

deLa

Con

cordia;

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Con

volvulaceae

Cuscutapartita

Cho

isy

Hilo

deoro

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Liverprob

lems)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Ipom

oeacarnea

Jacq.

Batatilla/Kasisé

/Ojo

desapo

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);D

igestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l20de

Julio

Ipom

oeahederifoliaL.

Jalapa

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Coriariaceae

Coriaria

ruscifolia

L.Reventadera/Sansú


gen);D

igestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a)Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Costaceae

Costus

villosissim

usJacq.

Insulina

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,Lung

diseases)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deLa


Las

Cruces;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio

Crassulaceae

Kalancho

edaigremon

tiana

Raym

.-Ham

et&H.Perrier

Aranto

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Kalancho

egaston

is-bonn

ieri

Raym

.-Ham

et&H.Perrier

Leng

uade

Sueg

raBloo


(Highbloo


system

(Diarrhe

a);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Abscesses);

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Stren

gthe

ninum

osystem);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Relaxant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,C

ancer,Hem

orrhage,

Inflammation,Tumors);Pregn


(Red

uces

uterinecontractions);Sensorysystem

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

(Con

junctivitis);A

strin

gent

(Healing,

Skin

care);Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yinfection)

Kalancho

epinn

ata(Lam

.)Pers.

HojaSanta

Digestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M


(Musclerelaxant);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


ancer,

Inflammation,Mosqu

itobites);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises,Burns,H

ealingwou

nds,

Skin

diseases,Skinulcers)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita

maximaDuche

sne

Ahu

yama

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Livercleaning

);Infections

and

infestations

(Anthe

lmintic);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis)

Plazade

ElCarmen

Mom

ordica

charan

tiaL.

Balsam

ina/Bo

cado

deCuleb

ra/

Subicogé

/Balsam

ina


dluck,W


(Con

stipation,Indige

stion,Vo

mitive);Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria,Ven

ereal

diseases,Vermifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Hyperglycem

ia);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Fever,H

emorrhage);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deLa


Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Sechium

edule(Jacq.)Sw

.Cidra

/Guatila

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant);D

igestive

system

(Stomachprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Inflammation);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Diuretic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Cun

oniaceae

Weinm

anniatomentosa

L.f.

Encenillo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Cyclanthaceae

Carludovica

palmataRu

iz&Pav.

Iraca

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Cyperaceae

Rhynchospora

nervosa(Vahl)

Boeckeler

Tote

Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Flu);Animalfood

(Bait)*

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deMercado


dePaloqu

emao

Dillen

iaceae

Curatella

american

aL.

Chaparro

Bloo


(Highbloo


system

(Gallstone

s);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Hyperglycem

ia);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene


ustissue

(Astrin

gent,H

ealingwou

nds,Rashes)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea

alataL.

Ñam

eMuscular-skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LaPerseverancia


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Dryop

terid

aceae

Dryopteris

wallichian

a(Spren

g.)

Hyl.

Helecho

macho

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Metabolism

and

nutrition

(Rickets,Scurvy);M


(Rhe

umatism)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delLucero

Equisetaceae

Equisetum

bogotenseKu

nth

Colade

caballo

Bloo



dcleansing,

Circulatorystim

ulant,Varicoseveins);D

entalh

ealth

(Halito

sis);D

igestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,Ind

igestio

n,Liverprob

lems);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Rickets);Muscular-

skelettalsystem

(Muscularpain);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Alope

cia,Analgesic,H

emorrhage,

Inflammation);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Vaginalinfections);Respitarory

system

(Flu,Laryngitis,Lun

gdiseases,Throatinflamation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Healing,

Sores,Sw

eatin

g);U

rinarysystem

(Cystitis,D

iuretic,

Kidn

eyinfection,Urin

aryinfection)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delLucero;Plazade

lRestrepo

Equisetum

giganteum

L.Colade

caballo

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Alope

cia,Hem

orrhage);Respitarory

system

(Lun

gdiseases);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Ericaceae

Bejaria

resin

osaMutisex

L.f.

Pegape

gaRespitarory

system

(Expectorant)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Cavend

ishiabracteata(Ruiz&

Pav.ex

J.St.-H

il.)Hoe

rold

Quereme/Uva

deAnís/Uvito


(Rhe

umatism);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deLa

Con

cordia

Cavend

ishiaquerem

e(Kun

th)

Benth.&Hoo

k.f.

Quereme

Culturalillnesses(W

itchcraft);Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Erythroxylaceae

Erythroxylum

coca

Lam.

Kaji/Coca

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative,Stim

ulant,

Tranqu

ilizer);

Sensorysystem

(Con

junctivitis)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Euph

orbiaceae

Croton

funckian

usMüll.Arg..

Drago

Digestivesystem

(Duo

denu

mprob

lems,Gallbladd

er);

Infections

andinfestations

(Anthe

lmintic,M

alaria);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del

Restrepo

;Plaza

Santande

r

Croton

lechleriMüll.Arg.

Sang

rede

Drago

Digestivesystem

(Heartbu

rn);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);O

thers(Ton

ic);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Fun

gicide

,Healing,

Skin

ulcers)

Plazade

ElCarmen

Croton

malam

boH.Karst.

Malam

boDigestivesystem

(Colitis,Diarrhe

a,Stom

achprob

lems);


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Croton

schiedeanu

sSchltdl.

Alm

izclillo

Bloo



dcleansing);D

igestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);U

rinarysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Euph

orbiahypericifolia

L.Pimpine

laInfections

andinfestations

(Gangren

e)Plazade

l20de

Julio

Euph

orbiatithymaloidesL.

Ipecacuana

/Itamorreal

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Liver

prob

lems,Vo

mitive);Infections

andinfestations

(Syphilis);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility);

Respitarory

system

(Expectorant)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deLa


Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Huracrepitans

L.Ceibo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


sweatin

g);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Pustules,Sores);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic);A

nimalfood

(Bait)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Jatrop

hacurcas

L.Piñó

n/Pu

rga/Pu

rgade

Fraile

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Vo

mitive);Infections

and

infestations

(Ven

ereald

iseases);Sen

sory

system

(Con


ustissue(Burns,Rashe

s,Skin

diseases)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deMercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Jatropha

gossypiifolia

L.Higuerillo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Pregn

ancy,childbirthand

child-bed

(Breastcare);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skin

Tonic);Foo

d(Food

)*;C

osmetic(Shampo

o)*

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Man

ihot

esculentaCrantz

Yuca

Culturalillnesses(Againstof

Pedroh

ernánd

ez);Digestive

system

(Diarrhe


ustissue(Skin

diseases)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Phyllanthu

sniruriL.

Vierne

sSanto

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);

Infections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly,Lice);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Ricinu

scommun

isL.

Higuerilla/Higuerillo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a,Gastritis);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge


sweatin

g);

Sensorysystem

(Stye);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Dry

skin,

Stinging

);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

Santande

r

Fagaceae

Quercus

humboldtiiBo

npl.

Encina

/Ro

ble

Culturalillnesses(Bed

-wettin

g);D

entalh

ealth

(Inflammation

ofthegu

ms,Mou

thinfections,Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,G

astritis,Liverprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Bot

fly);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Headache,Hem

orrhage,Noseb

leed

,Stomachache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Vaginaldischarge);

Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis,Throat

inflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Mou

thulcers);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Flacou

rtiaceae

CaseariasylvestrisSw

.Ratón

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Pustules,Skin

diseases,Skin

ulcers,Sores)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Gen

tianaceae

Gentiana

sedifolia

Kunth

Teresita

/Alegríade

Páramo

Digestivesystem

(Stren

gthe

nsdige

stivesystem

)PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Gentianella

corymbosa

(Kun

th)

Weaver&Ru

eden

berg

Gen

ciana

Bloo


(Ane


(Colic,Flatulence,Indige

stion);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Vermifuge


(Arthritis,Cramps);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


appe

tite,Sickne

ss)

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Geraniaceae

Pelargon

ium

peltatum

(L.)L'Hér.

Geranio

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility);Respitarory

system

(Throatinflamation);U

rinarysystem

(Kidne

yinfection)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Gesne

riaceae

Columneakalbreyeriana

Mast.

Sang

uinaria

/Sang

rede

Cristo

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);D

igestivesystem

(Colon

);Endo

crine

system

(Diabe

tes);M


(Arthritis,

Rheumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Hem

orrhage);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Hum

anfood

(Foo

dcolorin

g)*

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Drymon

iaserrulata(Jacq.)Mart.

Destrancade

raCulturalillnesses(Goo


(Gastrointestin

alwashe

s);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,Breastcancer,Inflammation,Lung

cancer,

Prostate

cancer,U

terin

ecancer);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Uterin

ecysts);U

rinarysystem

(Prostate)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deLa


LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del

Restrepo

;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Kohleriaspicata(Kun

th)O

erst.

Tusilla

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Ham

amelidaceae

Ham

amelisvirginiana

L.Ham

amelis

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Sprain);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Alope

cia);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises);

Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Helicon

iaceae

Helicon

iahirsutaL.f.

Bijao

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);M


(Arthritis,

Rheumatism)

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Helicon

iapsittacorum

L.f.

Gallito


(Arthritis,Muscularparalysis,

Rheumatism)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Hep

aticae-M

archantiaceae

Marchan

tiapolymorph

aL.

Hep

áticade

lasFuen

tes

Digestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems);U

rinarysystem

(Kidne

yston

es)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Hypericaceae

Hypericum

androsaemum

L.Hypérico

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healing);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

ElCarmen

Hypericum

licopodioides

Triana

&Planch.

Escobo

Culturalillnesses(Againstshyness,Bed-wettin

g);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Cramps);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Dep

ression);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,M

enop

ause);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Acne,

Burns,Eczema,Healing,

Skin

care,Skindiseases,Sores)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Iridaceae

Sisyrinchium

tinctorium

Kunth

Espadilla

/Ispagu

illa

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Syphilis);Respitarory

system

(Flu,Pne

umon

ia)

Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Juglandaceae

Juglan

sneotropica

Diels.

Nog

alBloo


(Ane

mia,Blood

cleansing);



(Con

stipation,

Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol,Lower

cholesterol);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Alope

cia,Analgesic,A

nti-agin,Dandruff,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);

Others(Health

yhair);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea,Vaginaldischarge,Vaginalinfectio

ns);Sensory

system

(Mou

thulcers);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Astrin

gent,Fun

gicide

,SkinTonic);U

rinarysystem

(Urethral

infections,U

rinaryinfection)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Lamiaceae

Cantinoa

colombian

a(Epling)

Harley&J.F.B.Pastore

Cardo

Santo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Hem


ustissue(Healing)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Hyptis

capitata

Jacq.

BotónNeg

roNon

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Hem


ustissue(Healing)

Plazade

LasFerias

Lavand

ulaan

gustifolia

Mill.

Alhucem

a/Lavánd

ulaEspliego

Digestivesystem

(Indige

stion);M


(Rhe

umatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Headache);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant)

Plazade

LasCruces

Marrubium

vulgareL.

Marrubio/Marrubioblanco

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Gangren

e,Tube

rculosis);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


ache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,C

ough

,Expectorant)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deLa


Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza;

Melissa

officinalisL.


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

MelissaofficinalisL.

Melissa

/Toronjil

Bloo



system

(Digestiveprob

lems,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Sedative,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


s)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deLasFerias;Plazade

San

Benito;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

MenthaspicataL.

Sígu

eme-Sígu

eme/Querend

ona/

Yerbabuena


dluck);Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Flatulence,Gallbladd

er,Ind

igestio

n,Liver,

Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Vermifuge


(Cramps,M

usclerelaxant);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,D

izzine

ss,

Inflammation,Spasms);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns);

Hum

anfood

(Beb

erage)*

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deMercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


delQ

uirig

ua;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza;Plaza

Santande

r

MenthaxpiperitaL.

Hierbabuena

/Men

ta/

Yerbabuena

Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Digestiveprob

lems,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n,Streng

then

sdige

stivesystem

);Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Sedative,

Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,H

emorrhage,Stom

achache

,Vom

it);Rep

rodu

ctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Men

strualcolic);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Minthostachys

mollis

(Kun

th)

Griseb

.Tusilago

/Po

leogrande

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Headache);

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh,Expectorant,Throat

inflamation)

Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Ocimum

american

umL.

Albahaca

Digestivesystem

(Colon

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Stomachache

);Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yston

es)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Ocimum

basilicum

L.Albahaca/Albahacamorada

Bloo


(Arteriosclerosis,Heartdiseases);


-wettin

g,Goo


(Colitis,Flatulen

ce,H

epaticstim

ulant,Indige

stion,Intestinal

infections);Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol);Muscular-

skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Nervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Nerves,Stim

ulant,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,H

eadache);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Bronchitis,Flu,

Respiratory

tract,Throat

inflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis,Earinflammation,Otitis,Stren

gthe

nsvision

);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rethralinfectio

ns,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

deSan

Carlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delQ

uirig

ua;Plaza

del

Restrepo

;Plaza

Santande

r

Ocimum

campechianu

mMill.

Albahaca


-wettin

g);D

igestivesystem

(Flatulence,

Gastrointestin

aldisorders,Intestinalinfections);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


system

(Bronchitis,Respiratory

tract);

Sensorysystem

(Otitis,

Streng

then

svision

);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Origan

ummajoran

aL.

Mejorana

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant);D

igestive

system

(Flatulence,Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems,

Streng

then

sdige

stivesystem

);Nervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Migraine,Nerves,Stim

ulant,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


s,Sw

ollenglands);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Expectorant);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Pustules,Sores)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Origan

umvulgareL.

Orégano

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Phyladulcis(Trevir.)

Molde

nke

Orozú

/Orozul

Bloo


(Highbloo


system

(Gastrointestin

aldisorders,Liverprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Fever,Inflammation);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,

Respiratory

tract)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao

Rosm

arinus

officinalisL.

Romero

Bloo


(Ane

mia,H

eartdiseases);


dluck,H

ypocho

ndria,Vertig

o);

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Gastritis);M


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Stim

ulant,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Alope

cia,Headache,Spasms,Stomachache

);Others(M

emory);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,

Cou

gh);Sensorysystem

(Stren

gthe

nsvision

);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade


Mercado


del12de

Octub

re

Salvia

cf.carneaKu

nth

Salvia

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Salvia

hispan

icaL.

Semillade

Chía

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(App

etite

supp

ressant,Obe

sity)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Salvia

officinalisL.

Salvia

Den

talh

ealth

(Mou


(Stomach

prob

lems);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);

Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Pharyng

itis,Throat

inflamation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Salvia

palifoliaKu

nth

Mastranto

Bloo


(Arteriosclerosis,Highbloo

dpressure);Digestivesystem

(Indige

stion);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Headache)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Salvia

scutellarioides

Kunth

Mastranto

Bloo


(Arteriosclerosis);D

entalh

ealth

(Inflammationof

thegu

ms);D

igestivesystem

(Flatulence,

Gastritis,Indige

stion);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Lum

bago

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Altitude

sickne

ss,A

nalgesic,M

enop

ause,

Mosqu

itobites);O

thers(Sun

stroke);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,Vaginalinfections);Respitarory

system

(Pharyng

itis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaPerseverancia


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

(Astrin

gent,Burns,H

ealing,

Healingwou

nds,Skin

ulcers,Sores,

Stinging

,Sweatin

g);U

rinarysystem

(Cystitis,D

iuretic)

Saturejabrow

nei(Sw

.)Briq.

Poleo


-wettin

g);D

igestivesystem

(Flatulence,

Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);Respitarory

system

(Flu);

Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


del

Lucero;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Saturejamon

tana

L.Hierbade

SanJuan

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic,Spasm

s)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Scutellaria

incarnataVent.

Alegría

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Dep

ression)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Thym

usvulgarisL.

Tomillo

Den

talh

ealth

(Gum

pain,H

alito

sis,Toothache);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation,Flatulen

ce,G

astritis,Indige

stion,

Streng

then

sdige

stivesystem

);Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge


(Rhe

umatism);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge


cia,Analgesic,

Fatig

ue,Lackof

appe

tite,Spasms,Stom

achcram

p);O

thers

(Ton

ic);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,

Sexualpo

tency,Vaginald

ischarge

);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Flu,Sinusitis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Cultural

illne

sses,Fun

gicide

,Skindiseases);Hum

anfood

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

delQ

uirig

ua;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Lauraceae

Persea

american

aMill.

Agu

acate/Hojade

aguacate

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant,Heart

diseases);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,Flatulence,

Indige

stion);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Abscesses,

Verm

ifuge

);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity);Muscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Nervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Alope

cia,Analgesic,H

eadache);O

thers

(Health

yhair);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Mou

thinfections,Sexualp

oten

cy,Sterilize,Vaginald

ischarge

,Vaginal

infections);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Flu);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,Boils,Fun

gicide

,Skin

diseases);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,H

emorrhoids,U

rethral

infections);Animalfood

(Animalfood

)*;H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*;

Toxic(Rat

poison

)*

Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lRestrep

o;Plaza

Santande

r

Legu

minosae-Caesalpinioideae

Bauh

iniatarapotensisBenth.

Casco

devaca

Digestivesystem

(Reg

enerateintestinalflora)

Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Bauh

iniaun

gulata

L.Casco

devaca

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Headache)

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Brow

neaarizaBenth.

Palo

decruz

Culturalillnesses(W


(Con

stipation);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea)

Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Brow

nearosa-de-mon

teP.J.

Bergius

Palo

decruz

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

CassiafistulaL.

Cañafístula

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Cassiagran

disL.f.

Casia

Digestivesystem

(Digestiveprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Syphilis);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Fever);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic);Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yston

es)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Cham

aecristadesvauxii(Collad.)

Killip

Cargarrocío

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

PlazaSantande

r

Copaifera

pubiflora

Benth.

Cop

aiba

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Ven

ereald

iseases);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Fever);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,

Bron

chitis);U

rinarysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Myroxylon

balsa

mum

(L.)Harms

Bálsam

ode

Tolú

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


sweatin

g);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Myroxylon

peruiferum

L.f.

Bálsam

ode

lPerú

Infections

andinfestations

(Tub

erculosis);N

ervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,

Laryng

itis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Parkinsoniaaculeata

L.Retamo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Hum

anfood

(Meadpreservatio

n)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Phan

eravariegata

(L.)Benth.

Casco

deVaca

/Pata

deBu

eyDigestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Dysen

tery);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

lRestrep

o

Senn

aalata(L.)Ro

xb.

Mon

teyoco

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Bot

fly)

Plazade

SanCarlos

Senn

aalexan

drinaMill.

Sen

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Senn

ahirsuta(L.)H.S.Irw

in&

Barneb

yBichode

café

Bloo


(Ane


(Diarrhe

a,Gallstone

s,Indige

stion);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Others(Ton

ic);Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yston

es)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Senn

aoccidentalis(L.)Link

Bicho/Chilinchile

/Brusca

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a,Stom

achprob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a);

Urin

arysystem

(Prostate);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deKenn

edy

Senn

apallida

(Vahl)H.S.Irw

in&

Barneb

yEscobito

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Syphilis)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Senn

areticulata(W

illd.)H.S.

Irwin

&Barneb

yMartín

Galvis

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

l20de

Julio


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Tamarindusindica

L.Tamarindo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Flatulen

ce,G

allbladd

er,

Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Inflammation);Pregn


(Abo

rtive);

Respitarory

system

(Throatinflamation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Skinulcers);Urin

arysystem

(Urin

ary

infection);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Tara

spinosa(Feuillée

exMolina)

Britton

&Ro

seDividivi

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Respitarory

system

(Sinusitis,Tonsillitis)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

SanBenito

Legu

minosae-M

imosoide

ae

Acaciadealbata

Link

Acaciade

laIndia

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity)

Plazade

Fontibón

Anadenan

theraperegrina(L.)

Speg

.Niopo

Bloo


(Heartdiseases);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,Hem

orrhage,

Tumors);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Herpe

s)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Entada

polystachya(L.)DC.

Ojo

debu

eyBloo


(Heartdiseases);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Inga

densifloraBenth.

Guamo

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery)

Plazade

Fontibón

Inga

ynga

(Vell.)J.W

.Moo

reGuaba

/GuamoBejuco

/Guamo

Santafereñ

oDigestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,Intestin

alinflammation);M


(Rhe

umatism);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Dropsy);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

lLucero

Mimosapudica

L.Dormidera

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsy,Tranqu

ilizer)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Piptadeniaflava

(Spren

g.ex

DC.)

Benth.

Zarza


gen)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Saman

easaman

(Jacq.)Merr.

Samán

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

ervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Tranq

uilizer);A

nimalfood

(Animalfood

)*;H

uman

food

(Beb

erage)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy

Vachellia

farnesiana

(L.)Wight

&Arn.

Acaciade

laIndia

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Indige

stion);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Typhu

s);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Fever);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,

Laryng

itis);U

rinarysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

ElCarmen

Vachellia

nilotica(L.)P.J.H

.Hurter&Mabb.

Acaciade

laIndia

Digestivesystem

(Gastrointestin

aldisorders);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Scabies);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Respitarory

system

(Laryngitis,Respiratory

tract);

Skin

andsubcutaneo


PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Legu

minosae-Papilion

oide

ae

AbrusprecatoriusL.

Cho

chito

deIndio/Bejuco

Pron

ia/Pion

ía/Cho

chos

Digestivesystem

(App

endicitis);Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,

Expe

ctorant);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis,Stye);Toxic

(Insecticide)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del

12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Santande

r


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Cajanu

scajan(L.)Huth

Guand

ul/Fríjolq

uincho

ncho

Digestivesystem

(Gastritis,Indige

stion);N

ervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Spasm

s);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skin

ulcers);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Desmodium

triflorum

(L.)DC.

Pega-Peg

aDesmod

ium

triflorum

(L.)DC.(Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

ErythrinaedulisTriana

exMiche

liChachafruto

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade


Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Erythrinapoeppigian

a(W

alp.)

O.F.C

ook

Búcaro

/Cám

bulo

Bloo


(Heartdiseases);Cultural

illne

sses

(Hallucino

gen);D

igestivesystem

(Con

stipation);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);O

thers

(Sun

stroke);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deMercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

ErythrinarubrinerviaKu

nth

Eritrina/Sirig

uay

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Gliricidiasepium

(Jacq.)Ku

nthex

Walp.

Mataratón

Others(Sun

stroke);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skin

diseases);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaPerseverancia;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Glycine

max

(L.)Merr.

Soya

Animalfood

(Animalfood

)*;H

uman

food

(food

)*PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Indigofera

suffruticosaMill.

Curí

Den

talh

ealth

(Salivationcontrol);Infections

andinfestations

(Gon

orrhea);H

uman

food

(Foo

dcolorin

g)*

Plazade


Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

MedicagosativaL.

Alfalfa

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Highbloo

dpressure);Den

talh

ealth

(Cavities,D

entalh

ealth

,Gum

pain);

Digestivesystem

(Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity,Restorative,Rickets);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);U

rinarysystem

(Urin

aryinfection);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Mucun

amutisian

a(Kun

th)D

C.

Ojo

devenado

/Pica

pica

Digestivesystem

(Cho

lera,C

onstipation);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Vermifuge

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Dropsy);U

rinarysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy

Spartium

junceum

L.Retama

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes)

Plazade

SanBenito

Viciafaba

L.Habas

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,H

ealingwou

nds)

PlazaSantande

r

Liliaceae

Lilium

cand

idum

L.Azucena

Infections

andinfestations

(Abscesses);Preg

nancy,childbirth

andchild-bed

(Cracked

breasts);Sen

sory

system

(Otitis);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises,C

alluses,Skin

spots)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Linaceae

Linu

musitatissim

umL.

Linaza

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Intestinalinflammation);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Gen

eralmalaise);

Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh);Urin

arysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Loganiaceae

Spigeliaan

thelmiaL.

Lombricera

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

)Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Loranthaceae

Oryctan

thus

alveolatus

(Kun

th)

Kuijt

Pajarito

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Muscular-

skelettalsystem

(Fractures,Luxation);Pregn

ancy,childbirth

andchild-bed

(Childbe

d);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,

Lung

diseases,Ton

sillitis)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Psittacan

thus

calyculatus(DC.)G.

Don

Muérdago/Visco

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Cultural

illne

sses

(Vertig

o);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Gou

t,High

cholesterol,Lower

cholesterol);Nervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Epilepsy,Sedative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic,H

emorrhage,Inflammation);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade


l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Lycope

rdaceae

Calvatiacyathiform

is(Bosc)

Morgan

Pedo

deBruja

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds)

PlazaSantande

r

Lycopo

diaceae

Lycopodium

clavatum

L.Cacho

deVenado

Culturalillnesses(Tomakechildrenwalk(1-3

years));Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Skincare,SkinTonic)

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Lythraceae

Cuph

eacartha

genensis(Jacq.)

J.F.M

acbr.

SanAnton

ioBloo


(Blood

cleansing)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Cuph

eadipetala(L.f.)Ko

ehne

Moradita

Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thdiseases);Infections

andinfestations

(Syphilis);Respitarory

system

(Throatinflamation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho

(Cun

dinamarca)

Malpigh

iaceae

Byrson

imacrassifolia

(L.)Ku

nth

Peralejo

/Barbasco

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);D

igestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

HeteropterysripariaCuatrec.

Saca-sal/Sígalo


dluck);Infections

andinfestations

(Gon

orrhea);Urin

arysystem

(Cystitis)

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Malpigh

iaglabra

L.Ciru

elode

perro

Infections

andinfestations

(Gon

orrhea);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent);Urin

arysystem

(Urethral

infections)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Malvaceae

AlcearoseaL.

Malva

real

Den

talh

ealth

(Tohe

lpteething

,Too

thache

);Respitarory

system

(Bronchialdiseases,Lun

gdiseases,Throatinflamation);

Sensorysystem

(Con

junctivitis)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Gossypium

hirsutum

L.Algod

onero/Algod

ónmorado

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Fever);Respitarory

system

(Lun

gdiseases);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Kenn

edy


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Guazumaulmifolia

Lam.

Guacimo/Guásimo

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Inflammation);O

thers(Health

yhair);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Burns,H

ealingwou

nds,Skin

diseases);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

SanCarlos

Hibiscus

rosa-sinensis

L.Té

deIbisco

/Cayen

oDigestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Indige

stion);M

etabolism

and

nutrition

(Scurvy);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Alope

cia,Analgesic,Spasm

s);O

thers(Ton

ic);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Expectorant);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,Skinallergies)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Hibiscus

sabdariffaL.

Abu

tilón

Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Scurvy);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic);H

uman

food

(Beb

erage)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

MalachrarudisBenth.

Malvavisco

Digestivesystem

(Gastritis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Promotes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

,Expectorant,Flu)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Malva

parvifloraL.

Malva

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

l20de

Julio

Malva

sylvestrisL.

Malva

/Malva

común

Digestivesystem

(Colic,C

onstipation,Diarrhe

a,Intestinal

inflammation);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Flu,Lun

gdiseases)

Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Malvaviscus

pend

uliflorus

DC.

Resucitado

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaSantande

r

MatisiacordataBo

npl.

Zapo

te/Chu

pachup

aHum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Modiolacaroliniana

(L.)G.D

onPatechulo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deMercado

Trinidad-Galán

Ochromapyramidale(Cav.ex

Lam.)Urb.

Balso

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Headache);

Respitarory

system

(Flu)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Sida

cordifolia

L.YerbaAmarga

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Inflammation);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing

wou

nds)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deMercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Sida

glom

erataCav.

Escoba

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Respitarory

system

(Expectorant)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Sparrm

anniaafrican

aL.f.

Tilo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Feetpain,Rhe

umatism);Nervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Sedative,Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fatigue,H

eadache,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Spasms,Stom

achcram

p);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,D

econ

gestant,Flu);U

rinarysystem

(Urin

ary

infection)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del

Restrepo

Sterculia

apetala(Jacq.)H.Karst.

Majao

Bloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Ton

ic);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

LasCruces


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Melastomataceae

Arthrostem

maciliatum

Pav.ex

D.D

onCañaAgria

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

SanBenito

Men

ispe

rmaceae

Abutagran

difolia

(Mart.)

Sand

w.

Vibu

ajeiria

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Mon

imiaceae

Peum

usboldus

Molina

Boldo

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

entalh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Flatulen

ce,

Gallbladd

er,Ind

igestio

n,Livercleaning

,Liver

prob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Syphilis);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Migraine,

Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Dropsy,Headache,Lack

ofappe

tite);Sen

sory

system

(Stren

gthe

nsvision

);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,Kidne

yinfection)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade


l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Moraceae

Artocarpus

altilis(Parkinson

)Fosberg

Hojade

lPan

/Frutapán

Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Rashe

s,Warts);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Brosimum

utile

(Kun

th)O

ken

Avichurí

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,Lung

diseases);

Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Cecropiapeltata

L.Guarumo/Yarumo

Respitarory

system

(Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,

Lung

diseases)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

FicuscaricaL.

Brevo

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Cultural

illne

sses

(Meann

ess);D

igestivesystem

(Con

stipation);

Preg



system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

,Throatinflamation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s,Skin

care,W

arts)

Plazade


LasCruces;Plazade

l20

deJulio;Plaza

delQ

uirig

ua

Ficusinsip

idaWilld.

Higuerón

Infections

andinfestations

(Infections

andinfestations

(Anthe

lmintic,Vermifuge

)Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

delLucero

FicusmaximaMill.

Higuerón

Infections

andinfestations

(Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

)PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l20de

Julio

Maclura

tinctoria(L.)D.D

onex

Steud.

Dinde

/Mora

Den

talh

ealth

(Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thextractio

n)PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Moringaceae

Moringa

oleifera

Lam.

Moringa

/Hierbade

laVida

Bloo


(Ane

mia,Heartdiseases,H

igh

bloo

dpressure);Den

talh

ealth

(Inflammationof

thegu

ms);

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a,Gastritis);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M


(Arthritis,

Rheumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsy);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

Mercado


del7

deAgo

sto;Plaza

delR

estrep

o


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Cancer,Dandruff,Dropsy,Gen

eralmalaise,H

eadache,

Inflammation,Stom

achache

);Others(Ton

ic);Preg

nancy,


(Galactogo

gue);Respitarory

system

(Asthm


ustissue(Healingwou

nds);

Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yston

es);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Mun

tingiaceae

Mun

tingiacalabura

L.Chitato

Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thinfections);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,Vom

itive);Infections

andinfestations

(Measles);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


ache

);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

);Skin

and

subcutaneo


Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Musaceae

Musaxparadisia

caL.

Colicero/Plátanohartón

/Topo

cho

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);

Infections

andinfestations

(Tub

erculosis);M

etabolism

and

nutrition

(Lactose

intolerance,Restorative);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca)

Myricaceae

Morellaparvifolia

(Ben

th.)Parra-

Os.

LaurelCruz

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);N

ervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Stim

ulant);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Myristicaceae

Otoba

novogran

atensis

Molde

nke

Otoba

Digestivesystem

(Flatulence,Liverprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Lep

rosy,Scabies,Tub

erculosis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


cia);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Dermatitis,Skin

diseases)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus

globulus

Labill.

Ocal/

Eucalipto

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);C

ulturalillnesses

(Sahum

erio);Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Malaria);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Promotes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,Cou

gh,

Decon

gestant,Expe

ctorant,Flu,Laryng

itis,Lung

diseases,

Respiratory

tract,Sinu

sitis,Throatinflamation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Sores);Toxic(Insecticide)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade


deMercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

SanCarlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Eugeniaun

ifloraL.

Nuezmoscada

Digestivesystem

(Stomachprob

lems);U

rinarysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Myrcian

thes

leucoxyla(Orteg

a)McVaugh

Arrayán

/Palo

dearrayán

Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Digestiveprob

lems,Dysen

tery,Ind

igestio

n,Stom

ach

prob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

and

nutrition

(Restorative);M


(Arthritis,

Rheumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative,

Stim

ulant);O

thers(Ton

ic);Sensorysystem

(Deafness);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade


Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del

Quirig

ua


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Myrtuscommun

isL.

Mirto

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,Lun

gdiseases)

PlazaSantande

r

Psidium

guajavaL.

Guayaba

/Guayaba

Biche

Bloo


(Ane

mia);Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,

Indige

stion);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Alope

cia,Dropsy,Spasms);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds,Skin

ulcers,Sores)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Psidium

guineenseSw

.Guayabo

cimarrón

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe


ustissue

(Skinulcers)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Syzygium

jambos(L.)Alston

Pomarroso

Digestivesystem

(Flatulence,Indige

stion)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

lLucero

Onagraceae

Ludw

igiaperuvian

a(L.)H.H

ara

Clavito

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chiald

iseases,Lung

diseases,

Pneumon

ia)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Oenothera

multicaulis

Ruiz&

Pav.

Flor

demuerto/Yerbade

las3

flores/Injerta


(Fractures);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,Inflammation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Orchidaceae

Vanilla

plan

ifolia

And

rews

Vainilla

Bloo


(Ane

mia);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Sexualp

oten

cy);Urin

arysystem

(Urin

ary

infection);Hum

anfood

(Con

dimen

t,Food

)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis

corniculataL.

Acede

raInfections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


PlazaBo

yacá

Oxalis

tuberosa

Molina

IbiasuOcas

Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er,G

astritis);M

uscular-skelettal

system

(Rhe

umatism);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Papaveraceae

FumariaofficinalisL.

Fumaria

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Scurvy);N

ervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Papaversomniferum

L.Flor

deam

apola/Ado

rmidera

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);N

ervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Sed

ative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Spasms,Stom

achache

);Others(Sun

stroke);Reprod

uctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Respiratory

tract);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis)

Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Passifloraceae

PassifloraligularisJuss.

Granadilla

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Muscular-skelettal

system

(Backpain);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsy);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Fever);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Bruises)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Turneraulmifolia

L.Dam

iana

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility,Sexual


system

(Expectorant);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthu

sniruri

L.Vierne

sSanto

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Bot

fly,Lice)

Plazade

Kenn

edy

Phytolaccaceae

PetiveriaalliaceaL.

Anamú

Den

talh

ealth

(Cavities,G

umpain,Too

thache

);Infections

and

infestations

(Vermifuge


(Arthritis,

Rheumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,C

ancer,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Seizures,

Spasms,Tumors);Pregn


(Childbe

d);Respitarory

system

(Respiratory

tract);

Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Pustules,Sores);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deLa


Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Phytolacca

bogotensisKu

nth

Cargamanta

/Guaba

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Scabies,

Verm

ifuge


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,

Inflammation,Tumors);Respitarory

system

(Decon

gestant);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deMercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l20de

Julio

Pinaceae

Pinu

spatulaSchltdl.&Cham.

Pino

/Pino

silvestre

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


system

(Cou

gh,Expectorant,Respiratory

tract);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,Prostate)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Pipe

raceae

Peperomiagarcia-barrigan

aTrel.

&Yu

nck.

Siem

previva



(Indige

stion);

Respitarory

system

(Flu)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deMercado

Trinidad-Galán

Piperadun

cum

L.Cordo

ncillo

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery,Ind

igestio

n);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,Sores)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Piperarboreum

Aub

l.Cordo

ncillo

Digestivesystem

(Dysen

tery,Ind

igestio

n);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);Skinand

subcutaneo


Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Piperobtusilimbum

C.D

C.

Desvane

cedo

raBloo


(Varicoseveins);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,Inflammation,

Tumors)

Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Plantaginaceae

Digitalis

purpurea

L.Digital

Bloo


(Cardiac

stim

ulant);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsyin

children,Tranqu

ilizer);

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

LaPerseverancia

Plan

tago

australis

Lam.

Llantén

Den

talh

ealth

(Mou

thinflammations);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Livercleaning

);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,

Throat


ustissue(Rashe

s)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Plan

tago

major

L.Llantén

Den

talh

ealth

(Inflammationof

thegu

ms,Mou

thinflammations);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Dysen

tery,

Gastritis,Indige

stion,Liverprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Bot

fly,Erysipe

las,Gangren

e);M

uscular-skelettal

system

(Arthritis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,Fever,Hem

orrhage,Inflammation);O

thers

(Ton

ic);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Respiratory

tract,

Throat


ustissue(Astrin

gent,

Healing,

Skin

ulcers);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids,Kidne

yinfection)

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

ScopariadulcisL.

Escobilla

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Poaceae

Axon

opus

scoparius(Flügg

é)Ku

hlm.

Micay

/PastoMicay

/Pimckay

/Yerbamicay

Preg


(Galactogo

gue);U

rinary

system

(Diuretic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Las

Cruces;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Cymbopogoncitratus

(DC.)Stapf

Limon

cillo

/Limon

aria


ríosen

cajado

s");Den

talh

ealth

(Cavities,

Toothcleaning

);Digestivesystem

(Flatulence);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Vermifuge

);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Fever,Promotes

sweatin

g);Respitarory

system

(Flu);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(SkinTonic);H

uman

food

(Beb

erage)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade


deMercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Santande

r

Cyno

dondactylon

(L.)Pers.

Grama

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);N

ervous

system

andmen

tal

health

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Promotes

sweatin

g);Pregn

ancy,childbirthandchild-

bed(Anti-abo

rtive);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Imperata

contracta(Kun

th)

Hitchc.

Vend

eagujas

Urin

arysystem

(Cystitis,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

Mercado

Trinidad-Galán

Oryza

sativaL.

Arroz

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Intestinalinflammation);N

on-

specificsymptom

sandge


and

subcutaneo

ustissue(SkinTonic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Sporobolus

indicus(L.)R.Br.

Grama

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);D

igestive

system

(Liver

prob

lems);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic,Kidne

yinfection,Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

LasCruces

Polygalaceae

Mon

nina

salicifolia

Ruiz&Pav.

Tinto


ríosen

cajado

s",G

oodluck);Respitarory

system

(Sinusitis)

Plazade


Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Polygalapaniculata

L.Sarpoleta/Yerbade

laVirgen

Infections

andinfestations

(Malaria)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Polygo

naceae

Rheum

officinaleBaill.

Ruibarbo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a,Flatulen

ce,

Gallbladd

er,Stomachprob

lems);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Lackof

appe

tite,Stom

achache

)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Rheum

palmatum

L.Ru

ibarbo

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Digestiveprob

lems,

Flatulen

ce,G

allbladd

er,Ind

igestio

n,Stom

achprob

lems);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Headache;Reprod

uctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility))

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deSan

Carlos

Rumex

crisp

usL.

Leng

uade

Vaca

/Ro

maza/

Leng

üevaca

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Gallbladd

er,Liver

prob

lems,

Stom

achprob

lems);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Scurvy);


(Rhe

umatism);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility);Skin

andsub-cutane

oustissue

(Adstringe

nt);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

del

Restrepo

Rumex

obtusifoliusL.

Leng

uade

Vaca

Digestivesystem

(Con


lems,

Gallbladd

er,Stomachprob

lems);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Infertility)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Ruprechtiaramiflora(Jacq.)C.A.

Mey.

Cargamuchacho/Higuerón

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Im

provehe

alth)

PlazaBo

yacá

Polypo

diaceae

Phlebodium

aureum

(L.)J.Sm

.Calaguala

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Highbloo

dpressure);Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Indige

stion);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer)

Plazade

Fontibón

Polypodium

fimbriatum

Maxon

Helecho

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing)

Plazade

LasFerias

Serpocaulontriseriale(Sw.)A.R.

Sm.

Helecho

común

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation)

Plazade

lLucero

Portulacaceae

Portulacaoleracea

L.Verdolaga

Infections

andinfestations

(Vermifuge

);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Burns);Urin

arysystem

(Urin

ary

infection);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deLasFerias;Plazade

lLucero;

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Prim

ulaceae

Myrsin

ecoriacea(Sw.)R.Br.ex

Roem

.&Schu

lt.Espade

ro/Cucharo

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skinallergies)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Pteridaceae

Adiantum

capillus-veneris

L.Culantrillo

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Expectorant);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Ranu

nculaceae


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Ranu

nculus

nubigenu

sKu

nthex

DC.

Orejade

ratón

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(W

arts)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Rham

naceae

Rham

nuspurshian

aDC.

Cáscara

Sagrada

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation,Indige

stion);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


appe

tite);U

rinarysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

lLucero

Rosaceae

Cydoniaoblong

aMill.

Mem

brillo

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Streng

then

sdige

stivesystem

);Respitarory

system

(Lun

gdiseases);Sensorysystem

(Con


ustissue(Cracked

lips);

Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Malus

pumila

Mill.

Manzana

verde

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge


Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Rubiaceae

Alibertia

patinoi(Cuatrec.)

Delprete&C.H.Perss.

Borojó

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Sexualp

oten

cy);

Urin

arysystem

(Urin

aryinfection)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Carapichea

ipecacuanh

a(Brot.)

L.And

ersson

Ipecacuana

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh,Expectorant,Lun

gdiseases)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Cincho

napubescensVahl

Cascarilla/Quina

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a,Indige

stion);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,Fever)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

SanCarlos

Morinda

citrifolia

L.Non

iBloo


(Highbloo


system

(Colon

,Duo

denu

mprob

lems,Gastritis);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Vermifuge


(Arthritis,

Bone

pain,M

uscularpain,Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Cancer,Fever,Gen

eral

malaise,Stomachache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue,Infertility);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,

Decon

gestant,Respiratory

tract);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skindiseases);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Uncariatomentosa

(Willd.)DC.

Uña

deGato

Digestivesystem

(Duo

denu

mprob

lems,Gastritis,

Gastrointestin

aldisorders,Intestinalinflammation,Liver

prob

lems,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(HIV);Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Stren

gthe

ninum

osystem);


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


ancer,

Inflammation,Stom

achache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Con

tracep

tives);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Fun

gicide

,Healingwou

nds,Herpe

s);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic,

Kidn

eyston

es)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

SanCarlos;Plazade

l12

deOctub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Santande

r


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Rutaceae

Citrus

aurantiifolia(ig

uala

C.

maxim

a)(Christm

.)Sw

ingle

Hojade

llim

ón/Limón

Bloo


(Highbloo


system

(Cirrho

sis,Flatulen

ce,G

allbladd

er,H

eartbu

rn,

Indige

stion);M


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic,G

eneralmalaise,

Headache);Respitarory

system

(Pleurainflamation,Throat

inflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis,Stye);Skin

and

subcutaneo


Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio

Citrus

aurantium

(iguala

C.

maxim

a)L.

Naranjaácida/Naranjaagria

Digestivesystem

(Gallbladd

er,Liver

prob

lems);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

l20de

Julio

Citrus

limetta

(iguala

C.

maxim

a)Risso

Lima

Bloo


(Highbloo

dpressure);Urin

ary

system

(Cystitis,Kidne

yston

es,U

rinaryinfection)

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Citrus

sinensis

(iguala

C.

maxim

a)(L.)Osbeck

Azahar/Naranjo

Bloo



system

(Indige

stion);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Headache,Spasms,Stom

achache

);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Coleon

emaalbum

(Thu

nb.)Bartl.

&H.L.W

endl.

Diosm

eCulturalillnesses(Goo

dluck);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Ruta

graveolens

L.Ru

daCulturalillnesses(Goo


(Con

stipation,

Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Erysipe

las,Verm

ifuge


(Neuralgia);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Epilepsy);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


sweatin

g,Stom

achache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic,Stren

gthe

nuterus,

Uterin

ediseases);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Rashe

s)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deFontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade


deLasCruces;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);

Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;Plaza

deSanCarlos;Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lLucero;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza;Plaza

Santande

r

Zantho

xylum

rigidum

Hum

b.&

Bonp

l.ex

Willd.

Uña

deGato

Digestivesystem

(Liver

prob

lems)

Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deMercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

lRestrep

o

Salicaceae

Salix

humboldtiana

Willd.

Sauce

Den

talh

ealth

(Cavities);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Bon

epain,

Rheumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Sed

ative);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


cia,

Analgesic,Fever)

Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

SanBenito;

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Sapind

aceae

Aesculus

hippocastanu

mL.

Castaño

deIndias

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Obe

sity);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Plazade

SanBenito

Paulliniayoco

R.E.Schu

lt.&Killip

Yocó

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(App

etite

supp

ressant);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Sapind

ussapona

riaL.

Chu

mbimba

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skin

Tonic);U

rinarysystem

(Cystitis);Cultural(Deterge

nt)*;C

osmetic

(Shampo

o)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Sapo

taceae

Chrysoph

yllum

cainito

L.Caimito

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,H

emorrhage);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,SkinTonic);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l20de

Julio

Man

ilkarazapota

(L.)P.Ro

yen

Níspe

roBloo


(Blood

cleansing);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,Kidne

yinfection)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Pouteriasapota

(Jacq.)H.E.

Moo

re&Stearn

Zapo

teRespitarory

system

(Flu);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Scroph

ulariaceae

Alon

soameridiona

lis(L.f.)

Kuntze

Cascabe

lito

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a)Plazade

lRestrep

o

Verbascum

virgatum

Stokes

Verbasco

/Gordo

lobo

Digestivesystem

(Diarrhe

a);M


(Cramps);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Tranq

uilizer);

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,Cou

gh,Expectorant,

Flu,Throat

inflamation)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Simarou

baceae

Quassiaam

araL.

Agu

asio

/CuasiaAmarga

/Cuasia

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant);C

ultural

illne

sses

(Stren

gthe

n);D

igestivesystem

(Hep

aticstim

ulant,

Indige

stion);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever,Lackof

appe

tite);

Urin

arysystem

(Kidne

yinfection);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Simarouba

amaraAub

l.Simarruba

/Tara

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation,Diarrhe

a);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Fever);Others(Alcoh

olism);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Sensorysystem

(Ear)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Smilacaceae

SmilaxofficinalisKu

nth

Zarzaparrila

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Blood


(Blood

cleansing,

Circulatorystim

ulant);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Syphilis);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Ape

na,Lackof

appe

tite,Men

opause,

Prom

otes

sweatin

g);Rep

rodu

ctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Virility);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chiald

iseases,

Cou

gh,Lun

gdiseases);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Boils);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

Cen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;

Plazade


Mercado

Trinidad-Galán;

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

delR

estrep

o


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Smilaxsip

hiliticaHum

b.&Bo

npl.

exWilld.

Zarcilla

Anti-ven

om(Antidote);Blood


(Blood

cleansing);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Syphilis);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(M

enop

ause);Reprod

uctivesystem

and

sexualhe

alth

(Virility)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Solanaceae

Brugman

siacand

idaPers.

Borrache

roCulturalillnesses(Togo

crazy);M


(Arthritis,Rh

eumatism);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);U

rinarysystem

(Hem

orrhoids);Toxic(Intoxicant)*

Plazade

Mercado


del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Capsicum

annuum

L.Ají

Bloo


(Varicoseveins);D

igestive

system

(Con

stipation,Flatulen

ce,Ind

igestio

n);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis,Lumbago

,Neuralgia,Rhe

umatism,

Sprain);Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Dep

ression,

Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,H

eatsup

,Promotes

sweatin

g);Rep

rodu

ctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Flu,Laryngitis,Ton

sillitis);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Boils,

Bruises)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia

Capsicum

rhom

boideum

(Dun

al)

Kuntze

Ají

Infections

andinfestations

(Abscesses);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


appe

tite)

Plazade

SanCarlos

Cestrum

buxifolium

Kunth

Tinto

Infections

andinfestations

(Typhu

s);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


andsubcutaneo


Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Cestrum

mutisiiW

illd.

exRo

em.

&Schu

lt.Tinto

Infections

andinfestations

(Typhu

s)PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Daturasang

uineaRu

iz&Pav.

Borrache

roNon

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Dropsy)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Daturastramon

ium

L.Chamicoestram

onio

Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Cou

gh)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Man

dragoraofficinarum

Bertol.

Mandrágora

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);C

ultural

illne

sses

(Goo


(Con

stipation,

Vomitive);Muscular-skelettalsystem

(Rhe

umatism);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Analgesic);Scabies

(Tetanus);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Infertility,

Sexualpo

tency)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

l12de

Octub

re;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;PlazaSantande

r

Nicotiana

tabacum

L.Tabaco

Infections

andinfestations

(Bot

fly,Scabies,Tetanus);Non

-specificsymptom

sandge

neralillnesses(M

osqu

itobites);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Fun

gicide

);Toxic(Insecticide)*

Plazade

Mercado


delR

estrep

o

Physalisperuvian

aL.

Uchuva/Capulí

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Vermifuge

);Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh,Throat

inflamation);Sen

sory

system

(Con

junctivitis);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Solanu

mmelon

gena

L.Berenjen

aMetabolism

andnu

trition

(Highcholesterol,Obe

sity)

PlazaSampe

rMen

doza


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Solanu

mnigrum

L.Pepamora/Yerbam

ora

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);O

thers(Ton

ic);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Burns,H

erpe

s,Skin

ulcers)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Solanu

mnigrum

L.Yerbam

ora

Digestivesystem

(Duo

denu

mprob

lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Gangren

e);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,Stomachcancer);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Eczem

a,Pu

stules,Rash,Rashes,Skindiseases,Stin

ging

);Urin

arysystem

(Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Solanu

mpseudocapsicum

L.Mirto


dluck);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

l20de

Julio

Solanu

mquitoense

Lam.

Lulo

deCastilla

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves);O

thers

(Sun

stroke);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skindiseases,

Stinging

)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Sterculiaceae

Guazumaulmifolia

Lam.

Naced

ero,Guásimo/Ñee

auBloo


(Heartdiseases);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Gen

eralmalaise);H

uman

food

(Foo

d)*

Plazade

Mercado

delM

unicipio

dePacho(Cun

dinamarca)

Symplocaceae

Symplocos

theiform

is(L.f.)Oken

Frutade

pava

/Té

deBo

gotá

Metabolism

andnu

trition

(Restorative);H

uman

food

(Beb

erage)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Trop

aeolaceae

Tropaeolum

tuberosum

Ruiz&

Pav.

Cub

ios

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Eczem

a,Herpe

s);U

rinary

system

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection);Hum

anfood

(Foo

d)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Paloqu

emao

Urticaceae

Cecropiapeltata

L.Guarumo/Yarumo

Bloo



system

(Gallbladd

er);Others(Sun

stroke);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chiald

iseases,Bron

chitis,Lung

diseases,

Respiratory

tract);

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

LasCruces;Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o

Parietaria

debilis

G.Forst.

Palitaria

Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,U

rinaryinfection)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Fontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio

Parietaria

officinalisL.

Parietaria


(Arthritis);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds);U

rinarysystem

(Cystitis,U

rinary

infection)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Urera

baccifera

(L.)Gaudich.ex

Wed

d.Pringamosa

Infections

andinfestations

(Erysipe

las);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,U

rinarysystem

(Urethralinfectio

ns)

Plazade

SanCarlos;Plazade

lRestrep

o

Urera

caracasana

(Jacq.)

Gaudich.exGriseb

.Pringamozane

gra

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Hem

orrhage)

Plazade

LaCon

cordia


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Urticadioica

L.Ortiga/Ortigamayor

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Circulatory

stim

ulant);D

igestivesystem

(Stomachprob

lems);M

uscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Heatsup

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexual

health

(Emen

agog

ue,U

terusinflammation);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Skinallergies);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto

Urticasp.

Poleosilvestre

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Skinallergies,Skin

diseases)

Plazade

lRestrep

o

UrticaurensL.

Ortiga/Ortigablanca

/Ortiga

men

orBloo


(Varicoseveins);D

igestive

system

(Diarrhe

a,Gastritis);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(Bod

dycleansing);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Alope

cia,Dandruff,Inflammation,Noseb

leed

);Reprod

uctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Uterusinflammation);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Expe

ctorant);Skinandsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Rashe

s,Skin

allergies,Skin

diseases);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic,

Kidn

eyinfection);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

Kenn

edy;Plazade

LaCon

cordia;Plaza

deLasFerias;Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


del

12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Verben

aceae

Aloysia

citriodora

Paláu

Cidrón

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant,Heart

diseases);Den

talh

ealth

(Too

thache

);Digestivesystem

(Digestiveprob

lems,Flatulen

ce,G

astrointestin

aldisorders,

Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Rabies);N

ervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Dep

ression,

Nerves,Sedative,Stress,Tranq

uilizer);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses(Seizures,Spasms);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deLas

Ferias;Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);Plazade

Mercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

deSanBenito;

Plazade

l20de

Julio;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto;Plazade

lRestrepo

;Plaza

Santande

r

Boucheaprism

atica(L.)Ku

ntze

Arrocillo

Digestivesystem

(Rectalp

roblem

s);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Malaria,Typhu

s);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(SkinTonic)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

Lantan

acamaraL.

Sang

uinaria

/Venturosa/

Sang

uinaria

Bloo


(Blood

cleansing,

Highbloo

dpressure,Varicoseveins);D

igestivesystem

(Indige

stion,Liver

prob

lems,Stom

achprob

lems);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic,Fever,Promotes

sweatin

g,Spasms);Pregn


(Breastcare);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);

Respitarory

system

(Expectorant,Flu);Urin

arysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

del20de

Julio;Plaza

delR

estrep

o;Plaza

Sampe

rMen

doza

Lantan

acanescensKu

nth

Zorrillo

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,U

terin

ediseases);Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío)

Lantan

atrifolia

L.Venturosa


(Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


sweatin

g);

Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue)

Plazade

l12de

Octub

re

Lippiaalba

(Mill.)N.E.Br.ex

Britton

&P.Wilson

Curalotod

o/Pron

toalivio

/Pron

toalivio

Digestivesystem

(Colic,D

igestiveprob

lems,Flatulen

ce,

Indige

stion,Stom

achprob

lems);End

ocrin

esystem

(Diabe

tes);


(Arthritis,Bo

nepain,Rhe

umatism);

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Nerves,Sedative,

Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deFontibón

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;

Plazade


LasCruces;Plazade

Mercado


del12de

Octub

re;Plaza

del

Lucero;Plaza

Santande

r


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Tranqu

ilizer);

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neralillnesses

(Analgesic,Fever,H

eadache,Prom

otes

sweatin

g,Spasms,

Stom

achache

);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue,M

enstrualcolic);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chiald

iseases,Cou

gh,Flu,Sinusitis)

LippiahirsutaL.f.

Bunq

uín

Infections

andinfestations

(Tub

erculosis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


s);Rep

rodu

ctive

system

andsexualhe

alth

(Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Asthm

a,Bron

chitis,Expe

ctorant,Lung

diseases)

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos

VerbenaofficinalisL.

Verben

aBloo


(Highbloo


system

(Diarrhe

a,Gallbladd

er,Stomachache

);Infections

and

infestations

(Typhu

s);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sandge

neral

illne

sses

(Analgesic,H

eadache,Tumors);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healingwou

nds)

Plazade

SanCarlos;Plazade

lRestrep

o;PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Violaceae

ViolaodorataL.

Violeta

Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sandge


Respitarory

system

(Cou

gh)

Plazade

LasCruces

Vitaceae

Cissus

verticillata(L.)Nicolson&

C.E.Jarvis

Bejuco

deAgu

aCulturalillnesses(Tomakechildrenwalk(1-3

years));Digestive

system

(Con


lems);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Ven

ereald

iseases);M


(Muscularpain,Rhe

umatism);Non

-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Analgesic,Inflammation,Prom

otes

sweatin

g);Pregn


(Breastcare);

Respitarory

system

(Flu,Respiratory

tract);

Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Healing);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic,

Hem

orrhoids)

Plazade

Mercado

deArm

enia(Quind

ío);PlazaSampe

rMen

doza

Winteraceae

Drim

ysgran

adensis

L.f.

Canelón

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);Skinand

subcutaneo

ustissue(SkinTonic);Hum

anfood

(Beb

erage)*

Plazade

Mercado


deSanCarlos

Drim

yswinteriJ.R

.Forst.&

G.

Forst.

Canelo

Nervous

system

andmen

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);O

thers(Ton

ic)

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto

Xantho

rrho

eaceae

Aloe

vera

(L.)Bu

rm.f.

Sábila

Digestivesystem

(Con

stipation);Infectio

nsandinfestations

(Lep

rosy);Reprod

uctivesystem

andsexualhe

alth

(Dysmen

orrhea,Emen

agog

ue);Respitarory

system

(Bronchial

diseases,Bronchitis,C

ough

,Expectorant,Pne

umon

ia);Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue(Healing,

Healingwou

nds,Skin

diseases,Sweatin

g);Toxic(Insecticide)*

PlazaCen

tralde

Corabastos;Plazade

ElCarmen

;Plaza

deKenn

edy;Plazade

LasFerias;Plazade

SanBenito;Plaza

del7

deAgo

sto


Table

1(Con

tinued)

Family

/Scientificname

Vernacular

name

Med

icinalUse

catego

ries(Ailm

ent/Illne

ss)*=

nonmed

icinal

uses

Market

Zing

iberaceae

Curcum

along

aL.

Azafránde

raíz/Cúrcuma

Bloo


(Circulatorystim

ulant,

Thrombo

sis);D

igestivesystem

(Indige

stion,Livercleaning

);Endo

crinesystem

(Diabe

tes);M

etabolism

andnu

trition

(High

cholesterol,Obe

sity,Stren

gthe

ninum

osystem);Muscular-

skelettalsystem

(Arthritis);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Cancer);

Skin

andsubcutaneo

ustissue

(Healingwou

nds);U

rinarysystem

(Kidne

yinfection);H

uman

food

(Con

dimen

t)*

Plazade

lRestrep

o

Elettaria

cardam

omum

(L.)

Maton

Cardamom

oDigestivesystem

(Digestiveprob

lems);N

ervous

system

and

men

talh

ealth

(Stim

ulant);N

on-spe

cific

symptom

sand

gene

ralillnesses(Lackof

appe

tite);Respitarory

system

(Expectorant)

Plazade

Paloqu

emao;Plaza

del12de

Octub

re

Zygo

phyllaceae

Bulnesiaarborea

(Jacq.)E

ngl.

Guayacán


(Rhe

umatism)

Plazade

lQuirig

ua

Kallstroemiamaxima(L.)Hoo

k.&Arn.

Abrojode

patio

/Verdolaga/

Abrojo

Digestivesystem

(Colon

,Ind

igestio

n);Infectio

nsand

infestations

(Abscesses,Vermifuge

);Others(Ceassm

oke);

Respitarory

system

(Bronchitis,C

ough

);Skin

and

subcutaneo

ustissue(Astrin

gent,Pustules);U

rinarysystem

(Diuretic)

PlazaBo

yacá;Plaza

deElCarmen

;Plaza

deLasCruces;Plaza

deMercado

deGirardot

(Cun

dinamarca);Plazade

Mercado


dePaloqu

emao;Plaza

del20de

Julio;

Plazade

l7de

Ago

sto;Plazade

lQuirig

ua;Plaza

Santande

r


plants they report is not explained by geographicalfactors (the main origin of a human population withindifferent districts in Bogotá) (by 9 geographical zones:p = 0.37; by 15 localities: p = 0.41) or size (by numberof species reported: p = 0.22) (Fig. 1). The proportionof unique plants in the markets of Bogotá was gener-ally high and did not show relations to geography ormarket size (Fig. 2). Even the 11 plant species thatwere most widespread among all markets did in fact

occurred only in relatively few markets (Fig. 3). Notsurprisingly, while generally low informant consensus(IC) was highest for introduced species (Table 2).

DiscussionOverall, species richness encountered in Bogotá wasconsiderably higher than reported in studies inBolivia [50] but similar to what we encountered inPeru [40–49]. The numbers of species used for each

Fig. 1 Ordination of Colombian markets in plant-space (plant species and their respective uses). The difference between the plants vendersreport is not explained by geographical factors (by 9 geographical zones: p = 0.37; by 15 localities: p = 0.41) or size (by number of speciesreported: p = 0.22)

Fig. 2 Proportion of unique plants in Colombian markets


illness was astonishingly high in comparison to the studiesin Bolivia and Peru cited above. In contrast to studies inPeru [42, 43, 49], or even Bolivia [50], the species compos-ition and plant use divergence in the markets of Bogotáwere also very high. This was in contrast to both our ini-tial hypotheses: While we had expected some discrepancyin plant composition and use in different markets, verymuch like in Peru [42, 43, 49] and Bolivia [50], the differ-ences between the markets in Bogotá were much larger.Similarly, in contrast to the expectation that larger mar-kets would contain all plant species found in smaller mar-kets, essentially every market in Bogotá was unique.

Rather than reflecting shared colonial heritage in plantuse, the markets in Bogotá reflected much more the originof the surrounding population, and each market focusedmore on the plant resources from the populations’ originarea. This might reflect that the human population ofBogotá, with migrants from all over Colombia, is muchmore diverse than the populations in the comparisonareas (Trujillo-Chiclayo in Peru with mostly coastal popu-lation and Andean migrants; La Paz with a mixed popula-tion of Quechua and Mestizo origin).

ConclusionsThe present study indicated a very large species and usediversity of medicinal plants in the markets of Bogotá,with profound differences existing even between marketsin close proximity. This might be explained by the greatdifferences in the origin of populations in Bogotá, thefloristic diversity in their regions of origin, and their verydistinct plant use knowledge and preferences that aretransferred to the markets through customer demand.Our study clearly indicates that studies in single marketscannot give an in-depth overview on the plant supplyand use in large metropolitan areas.

AbbreviationsFCu: Use reports for a specific use; IC: Informant consensus; ICu: Informantconsensus for a specific use; LIC: Logarithmic informant consensus;NSu: Species for a specific use

AcknowledgementsWe gratefully acknowledge the participation of the market vendors inBogotá, and the Herbario Nacional de Colombia for access to comparativeplant material.

FundingThis study was funded endowment funds of the William L. Brown Center atMissouri Botanical Garden, for which we are grateful.

Availability of data and materialsThe raw data without names of participants are available from the authors.

Authors’ contributionsRWB and NYPZ designed the study; CR conducted the fieldwork; RHEconducted the main statistical analysis; RBU, NYPZ, CM, and RHE analyzedthe data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read, corrected, andapproved the manuscript.

Ethics approval and consent to participateBefore conducting interviews, the individual prior informed consent wasobtained from all participants. No further ethics approval was required. Allwork conducted was carried out under the stipulations of the NagoyaProtocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharingof Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on BiologicalDiversity. The right to use and authorship of any traditional knowledge of allparticipants is maintained, and any use of this information, other than forscientific publication, does require additional prior consent of the traditionalowners, as well as a consensus on access to benefits resulting fromsubsequent use.

Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Fig. 3 The 11 most widespread species among Colombian markets(black squares)

Table 2 Logarithmic informant consensus of Colombia speciesexceeding the 95%ile (3.0)

Species LIC

Sambucus nigra L. 6.5

Matricaria chamomilla L. 6.3

Ocimum basilicum L. 5.7

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson 5.2

Calendula officinalis L. 5.1

Ruta graveolens L. 5.0

Aloysia citriodora Paláu 4.9

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 4.4

Trichanthera gigantea (Bonpl.) Nees 4.2

Juglans neotropica Diels 4.2

Persea americana Mill. 4.0

Allium sativum L. 4.0

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. 3.9

Valeriana officinalis L. 3.5

Ambrosia peruviana Willd. 3.5

Equisetum bogotense Kunth 3.5

Columnea kalbreyeriana Mast. 3.4

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. 3.3

Petiveria alliacea L. 3.2

Lantana camara L. 3.2

Introduced species in bold


Publisher’s NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims inpublished maps and institutional affiliations.

Author details1Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Calle Ovidio Suarez (26), Cota Cota, LaPaz, Bolivia. 2Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología-UMSA,Campus Universitario, Cota Cota Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia. 3William L. BrownCenter, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299,USA.

Received: 12 February 2018 Accepted: 31 May 2018

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https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-72

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085794

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.009

https://doi.org/10.3923/jps.2015.54.62

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761999000400019

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00243-9

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00243-9

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00321-4

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00321-4

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00197-X



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