a*star research october 2010-march 2011

8/6/2019 A*STAR Research October 2010-March 2011

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KGFKCGFKXGBF XKD @DYX AE N/YXNP

AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>


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3/92

IABXDBXY

N/YXNP Pdydnpikvvv"nyxnp-pdydnpik"iam

N/YXNP Pdydnpik gy n zt`cginxgab a xkd Nfdbiw ap Yigdbid# Xdikbacafwnbh Pdydnpik +N/YXNP'Ygbfnzapdy cdnh faudpbmdbx nfdbiw ap

ayxdpgbf vapch-icnyy yigdbxg i pdydnpik"

N/YXNP Pdydnpik gy zt`cgykdh xvgid n wdnp# zpdydbxgbf pdydnpikkgfkcgfkxy nbh dnxtpd npxgicdy" Ncc npxgicdy npd pyx zt`cgykdh abcgbd ab

xkd N/YXNP Pdydnpik vd`ygxd nbh nungcn`cd pdd xa ncc pdnhdpy" Pdfgyxdpabcgbd xa pdidgud xkd xn`cd a iabxdbxy w dmngc ny dnik gvddlcw abcgbdgyytd gy zt`cgykdh"

0:>> N/YXNP" Xkgy zt`cginxgab mnw d pdzpahtidh gb gxy apgfgbnc apmap zdpyabnc tyd abcw" Mahg inxgab ap iammdpignc tyd vgxkatx zpgap

zdpmgyygab pam xkd iazwpgfkx kachdp gy zpakg`gxdh"

DhgxapgncNfdbiw ap Yigdbid# Xdikbacafw nbh Pdydnpik> Etygabazacgy Vnw# )0:->: Iabbd{gy Bapxk XavdpYgbfnzapd >9;590# Ygbfnzapd

Dhgxap-gb-ikgd Iknpcdy _tlaylgDhgxapgnc @anph Znacn Inyxnfbacg

Lvabf Hgm-CddCgm Lkgnbf VddDhgyab CgtZdpbgccd Papxk

Mnbnfgbf dhgxap Layxny PdznbnyNhmgbgyxpnxgud Nyygyxnbx Egab Ikdabf

GYYB 0:>:-:49>

Pdydnpik Kgfkcgfkxy9 IDCC @GACAFW % YGFBNCGBFN hat`cd vknmmw s @pgfkxdb tz s N bdv zcnwdp gb zpaxdgb ydipdxgab s Xnlgbf vpnzy a mnmmncgnb Pnz> s N udpw dnpcwvnpbgbf s Mnbgztcnxgbf xkd mgcgdt s Pdygyxnbid gy txgcd s N `nil haap xa hptf pdygyxnbid s Fa ap ba-fa1 s Kav yk nuaghnb{gdxw s Lddzgbf tz vgxk xkd bdgfkàpy s Cdbh md watp dnpy s Dyydbxgnc nixapy s Knmyxdp ptcdy s Ydznpnxd vnwy

>7 IKDMGYXPW % MNXDPGNCYFagbf fpddb vgxk iazzdp s N mahdc a iamzaytpd s Fagbf cdnh- pdd gy dnyw s N ymncc mg{-tz s Hdygfbdh ap n pdyzabyd sCnydpy mnld xkd itx s Zgil watp zcnyxgi `nf s D{zcapd bdv hgmdbygaby s Pnhginc zpdhgixgaby s Xkd kdnx gy ab s Fdc iabxpac

9> FDBDXGIY % HGYDNYDYtyidzxg`gcgxw caig ap mdbgbfaiaiinc hgydnyd s Nbaxkdp vnw xa lddz xkgb1 s Gb dixgab xtpbdh zpaxdixgab s Mnbw n cgxxcd mnldyn mgilcd s Xkd apgfgb a mgipafcgn s Xnlgbf tcc iabxpac a hgn`dxdy s Hdylxaz hgnfbaygy s Yacugbf nb nfd-ach zpa`cdm s Pnzghpdygyxnbid s Idccy ab znxpac s Fa `nil gb xgmd s N bdv vdnzab nfngbyx ikgltbftbwn s N àayx gb hd dbyd

84 ZKWYGINC % CGED YIGDBID XDIKBACAFGDYKdncgbf n `paldb kdnpx s Mapzkacgba a dpy wat mapd s N xkatynbh inzxtpdy nx n xgmd s N zapxn`cd hdugid ap ugpty hdxdixgab sNtxamnxdh dwd xdyx s Icayd xa xkd àbd s Xkd pgfkx fdc ap xkd pgfkx idcc s Egbhgbf xkd pgfkx ytzzapx s N incc ap dughdbid sXpgtmzk gb xkd ylw s Iapd xnpfdxy s Mnyxdpgbf `nbhvghxk s Kapmabnc nxxpnixgaby s N hdfpdd a dbxnbfcdmdbx s @dnx xkd xpnei sInpàb inzxtpd vgxk n iazzdp xvgyx s Ptbbgbf igpicdy npatbh gx

59 DBFGBDDPGBF % BNBAXDIKBACAFWN kdnh-xa-kdnh iamznpgyab s @dcav xkd ytp nid s Yknpgbf gb zpguniw s Azxgmg gbf xkd hdygfb a n iamznix iatzcdp s Ymaaxkazdpnxap s @tgchgbf `pghfdy vgxk HBN s Xkd tcc yzdixptm s Tbhdp xkd vgpd s Lddz xkd bagyd havb s Nb ncgfbmdbx nyygfbmdbx s

N cgfkx ikagid s Zdnzah zavdp s Inpàb dppadcdixpgi mdmapw s @dxxdp azxginc `dp bdxvaply s Fdxxgbf ygcgiab gbxa aphdp s Xkdcgfkx nzzpanik s N mapd ydbygxgud hdugid

;0 Xkd cnbhyinzd ae yxdm-idcc pdydnpik;8 Paàxy vgxk n ktmnb xatik

;5 Xkd hgfgxnc yghd ae `gacafw;7 Xkd bd{x `gf xkgbf

Ednxtpdy nbh Gbbaunxgaby


4/92

vvv"nyxnp-pdydnpik"iam

Ugygx xkd N/YXNP Pdydnpik vd`ygxd eap xkd cnxdyx gb pdydnpik epamxkd Nfdbiw eap Yigdbid# Xdikbacafw nbh Pdydnpik +N/YXNP'

Watud pdnh xkd mnfnzgbd# bav ugygx xkd vd`ygxd.

Xknbly eap zgilgbf tz xkd cnxdyx zpgbx dhgxgab aeN/YXNP Pdydnpik " Vd kazd watcc dboaw pdnhgbf ncc nàtxyamd ae xkd cnxdyx# mayx itxxgbf-dhfd pdydnpik inppgdhatx nx N/YXNP"

Ge wath cgld xa lbav mapd nàtx xkd vapch-icnyy pdydnpikvapl ae atp yigdbxgyxy# vkw bax ugygx xkdN/YXNP Pdydnpik vd`ygxd" Tzhnxdh xvgid n mabxk# N/YXNP Pdydnpik `pgbfy

wat xkd udpw cnxdyx pdydnpik epam N/YXNP nipayy n `panhyzdixptm ae yigdbxg i nbh xdikbacafw dchy# epammacditcnp gacafw xa mgipadcdixpabgiy# mnxdpgncy pdydnpikxa mnbtenixtpgbf xdikbacafw" Xkd pdydnpik kgfkcgfkxy npdetpxkdp dbknbidh w Ednxtpdy nbh Gbbaunxgaby npxgicdyxknx xnld n caal nx xkd zdazcd dkgbh xkd pdydnpik nbhyamd ae xkd mayx d{igxgbf hgyiaudpgdy nbh gbudbxgaby xknxiamd atx ae gx"

N/YXNP Pdydnpik gy n mtyx-pdnh pdyatpid eap nbwabd vkavnbxy tz-xa-hnxd iaudpnfd ae xkd cnxdyx pdydnpik nbh

xdikbacafginc hdudcazmdbxy gb abd ae Nygn&y mayxhwbnmgi pdydnpik kt`yncc iamzcdxdcw epdd ae iknpfd"Nbh vkdb wat ugygx xkd vd`ygxd nbh knud pdnh xkd cnxdyxkgfkcgfkxy nbh pavydh xkd bdvdyx ednxtpdy# habx eapfdxxa pdfgyxdp eap epdd gvddlcw dmngc ncdpxy xknx pgbf xkdmayx pdidbx pdydnpik epam N/YXNP pgfkx xa watp gbà{# yawat bddh bdudp mgyy n ygbfcd dhgxgab ae N/YXNP Pdydnpik "


5/92

IDCC @GACAFW % YGFBNCGBF


6/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>8

Abiacafw

N hat`cd vknmmw

Ktmnb znzgccamnugpty xwzd >5 +KZU>5' nbh xwzd >; +KZU>;'npd xkd xva mayx zpduncdbx kgfk-pgyl KZUy eap intygbf idpugincinbidpn inbidp xknx icngmy xkd cgudy ae mapd xknb 04:#::: vamdb npatbh xkd vapch dudpw wdnp" Xkdw xpnbyeapm kdncxkw ldpnxgbaiwxdyidccy xknx cgbd xkd idpug{gbxa inbidpaty idccy`w hgyptzxgbf xkd kayx idcc iwicd" Gb znpxgitcnp# xkdw tyd ugpncfdbdy D 5 nbh D 6 xa dbiahd zpaxdgby D5 nbh D6 xknx `gbh nbhgbnixgunxd xtmap-ytzzpdyyap zpaxdgby z49 nbh zP`# pdyzdixgudcw"

Ny D5 nbh D6 zpaxdgby ae hgeedpdbx kgfk-pgyl KZUy knudygmgcnp etbixgaby# kavdudp# xkd pdnyab eap KZU>; knugbf nkgfkdp zaxdbxgnc eap intygbf idpuginc inbidp gy yxgcc tblbavb"

Epnbiagyd Xkgdppw nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Mdhginc @gacafw nbh ia-vapldpy> knud bav yacudh xkgy mwyxdpw xkpatfk n yxthw ae xkd xpnbyipgzxgabnc pdftcnxgab ae D 5 nbh D 6"

D0E gy n enmgcw ae xpnbyipgzxgab enixapy xknx pdftcnxd xkd xpnb-yipgzxgab ae Y-zknyd nbh mgxaxgi fdbdy# vkgik npd dyydbxgnc eapidcc htzcginxgab nbh hgugygab" Xkdpd npd dgfkx mdm`dpy gb xkdD0E enmgcw? D0E>9 npd nixgunxapy nbh D0E8; npd pdzpdyyapy"Gb bapmnc ldpnxgbaiwxdy# zP` `gbhy xa D0E>9 nbh zpdudbxyxkdm epam nixgunxgbf xkd xpnbyipgzxgab ae Y-zknyd fdbdy# vkdpdny D0E4 ytzzpdyydy xkd xpnbyipgzxgab" Gb KZU-gbedixdhldpnxgbaiwxdy# kavdudp# D6 `gbhy xa zP` nbh zpdudbxy gx epam`gbhgbf xa D0E>9" Ny n pdytcx# D0E>9 nixgunxd xkd xpnbyipgz-xgab ae Y-zknyd fdbdy# nccavgbf xkd gbedixdh ldpnxgbaiwxdy xamtcxgzcw tbiabxpaccn`cw"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy iamznpdh xkd KZU fdbamdy nbh ghdbxgegdhnb D0E4-`gbhgbf ygxd ab xkd D6 zpamaxdp ae KZU>;" Xkdw ykavdh xknx gb KZU>;-gbedixdh ldpnxgbaiwxdy# D0E4 `gbhy nbhnixgunxdy xkd xpnbyipgzxgab ae D6" Ny n pdytcx# mapd zP` `diamdygbnixgunxdh nbh mapd D0E nixgunxapy `diamd nungcn`cd eap nixgunxgbf Y-zknyd fdbdy"

Gb dyydbid# KZU>; iknbfdy xkd pacd ae D0E4 epam `dgbf npdzpdyyap xa nb nixgunxap" Xkd d{ictygugxw ae xkd D0E4-`gbhgbfygxd ab D6 xa KZU>; gy abd d{zcnbnxgab eap vkw KZU>;

kny n kgfkdp zaxdbxgnc xa intyd idpuginc inbidp xknb axkdpkgfk-pgyl KZUy"

Idpuginc inbidp gy n mnoap lgccdp ae vamdb vapchvghd nbhgy intydh `w KZUy" Uniigbdy mnw yaab pdhtid KZU gbedixgaby

`tx xkd xgmd cnf `dxvddb gbedixgab nbh inbidp gy cabf# nbh mnbw watbf vamdb vgcc hgd `deapd xkgy lgccdp inbidp ugpty gy yxazzd Xkd ngm ae atp pdydnpik gy xa hdyipg`d ugpnc zpaxdgby gbxdpnix vgxk xkd kayx idcc nbh kdbid hdegbd bdv xkdpnzdtxgi xnpfdxy xegfkx xkd hgydnyd# ynwy Xkgdppw"

>" Xdgyygdp# Y"# Znbf# I"C" % Xkgdppw# E" Xkd D0E4 pdzpdyyap gy nb

nixgunxap ae D5!D6 xpnbyipgzxgab nbh ae xkd Y-zknyd dbxpw gb

KZU>;-nyyaignxdh idccy" Abiafdbd 07 # 4:5>4:6: +0:>:'"

g Y x a i l z k a x a " i a m ! X a p y x d b V g x x m n b b

Pdydnpik gbxa xkd mdiknbgym `w vkgik ktmnb znzgccamnugptydyintyd idpuginc inbidp +idccy ykavb kdpd gb itcxtpd' iatch cdnh xabdv xkdpnzgdy"

KZU>; ztxy vamdb nx n kgfkdp pgyl a hdudcazgbf idpuginc inbidp `dintyd xkd ugpty iabudpxy n pdzpdyyap a xkd idcc iwicd gbxa nb nixgunxap


7/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY

N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>> 4

Yxdm idccy

@pgfkxdb tz

Yxdm idccyidccy xknx npd inzn`cd ae hgeedpdbxgnxgbf gbxa nbw xwzdae idcc gb xkd àhwknud nxxpnixdh vghdyzpdnh gbxdpdyx `dintydae xkdgp zaxdbxgnc nzzcginxgaby gb pdfdbdpnxgud mdhgigbd nbhhdudcazmdbxnc `gacafw" Gb xkd znyx hdinhd# yigdbxgyxy knud mnhdygfbgeginbx zpafpdyy gb yxdm-idcc pdydnpik# dyzdignccw gb itcxgun-xgab nbh hgeedpdbxgnxgab" Wdx hdyzgxd xkdyd nhunbidy# xkdpd kny`ddb cgxxcd iknbfd gb xkd npdn ae yxdm-idcc hdxdixgab"

Gmmtbayxngbgbf gy itppdbxcw xkd mayx vghdcw tydh mdxkah eaphdxdixgbf yxdm idccy" Kavdudp# xkd mdxkah gy cnàtp-gbxdbygudnbh xgmd-iabytmgbf# nbh gbuacudy xkd tyd ae nbxgàhgdy xknxmnw needix idcc zkwygacafw" Ectapdyidbx zpa`dymacditcdy

xknx dmgx cgfkx tzab `gbhgbf yzdigegi `gacafginc xnpfdxyaeedpnb nxxpnixgud yactxgab xa zpa`cdmy iammabcw nyyaignxdh vgxkgmmtbayxngbgbf"

Watbf-Xnd Iknbf nx xkd N/YXNP Ygbfnzapd @gagmnfgbfIabyapxgtm nbh ia-vapldpy nx N/YXNPy Fdbamd Gbyxgxtxd ae Ygbfnzapd nbh xkd Bnxgabnc Tbgudpygxw ae Ygbfnzapd knud zpdug-atycw ywbxkdyg dh ydudpnc hgudpygxw-apgdbxdh ectapdyidbid cg`pnp-gdy +HAECy'iaccdixgaby ae yxptixtpnccw iamzcd{ nbh hgudpydectapdyidbx iamzatbhynbh nzzcgdh xkdm xa xkd hgyiaudpw ae baudc ectapdyidbx zpa`dy eap xkd hdxdixgab ae HBN# PBN nbhzpaxdgby" Xkd xdnm kny bav yipddbdh 0;: paynmgbd iamzatbhygb n HAEC nbh ghdbxgegdh n baudc ectapdyidbx zpa`d xknx ydcdi-xgudcw kgfkcgfkxy +yxngby' yxdm idccy>"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy gbit`nxdh matyd dm`pwabgi yxdm idccy nbhmatyd dm`pwabgi eg`pa`cnyxy vgxk dnik ae xkd hgeedpdbx paynmgbdiamzatbhy" Xkdw mdnytpdh xkd ectapdyidbid ae matyd dm`pw-abgi yxdm idccy nbh matyd dm`pwabgi eg`pa`cnyxy nbh ydcdixdh0: iamzatbhy xknx hgyzcnwdh xkd kgfkdyx hgeedpdbidy gb ecta-pdyidbid gbxdbygxw" Ecav iwxamdxpw nbncwygy etpxkdp ghdbxgegdh npaynmgbd iamzatbh inccdh IHw> xa knud xkd kgfkdyx ydcdixgugxw gb yxngbgbf matyd dm`pwabgi yxdm idccy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy vdpd n`cd xa hgyipgmgbnxd matyd dm`pw-abgi yxdm idccy epam n mg{dh idcc zaztcnxgab tygbf IHw> +ydd

gmnfd'" Xkdw ncya eatbh xknx IHw> vny deedixgud eap gbhtidhzctpgzaxdbx yxdm idccy fdbdpnxdh epam matyd dm`pwabgi eg`pa-`cnyxy# mnlgbf gx xkd egpyx ectapdyidbx zpa`d xknx inb yxngb àxkdm`pwabgi nbh gbhtidh zctpgzaxdbx yxdm idccy" @dyx ae ncc# IHw>

knh ba deedix ab xkd zkwygacafw ae yxdm idccy# vkgik pdmngbinzn`cd ae hgeedpdbxgnxgbf gbxa axkdp idcc xwzdy nexdp yxngbgbegbhgbfy hdmabyxpnxd xkd zaxdbxgnc ae IHw> ny n baudc xaac ehdxdixgbf ugn`cd yxdm idccy"

Yigdbxgyxy zpdugatycw tydh fdbdxgi mnpldpy xa mabgxap xzpahtixgab ae yxdm idccy# `tx xkdw iatch abcw ha xkgy icayd xa xkegbnc yxnfd ae zpahtixgab" IHw> nccavy yxdm idccy xa `d hdxdixdnx xkd dnpcw yxnfd ae zpahtixgab nbh xkdpdeapd zpaughdy n mdnxa yxthw xkd dnpcw pdzpafpnmmgbf mdiknbgymy ae yxdm idccynwy Iknbf"

>" Gm# I" B"dx nc"N ectapdyidbx paynmgbd iamzatbh ydcdixgudcw yxngby

zctpgzaxdbx yxdm idccy" Nbfdvnbhxd Ikdmgd Gbxdpbnxgabnc Dhgxgab

87 # 687664:: +0:>:'"

M D E

Zk IHw> IHw>!Kadikyx

>:: m

m D Y I a b M D E

Mgipayiazw gmnfdy ykavgbf xkd ydcdixgud yxngbgbf ae matyd dm-`pwabgi yxdm idccy +mDYIy' fpavb ab matyd dm`pwabgi eg`pa`cnyxy+MDEy' tygbf IHw>" Kadikyx yxngbgbf ykavy xkd bticdg ae ncc idccy"Abcw mDYIy fpavgbf ny iacabgdy npd yxngbdh `w IHw> +Zk# zknydiabxpnyx gmnfd'"

N tapdyidbx zpa`d xknx ydcdixgudcw kgfkcgfkxy dm`pwabgi nbh gbhtidh zctpgzaxdbx yxdm idccy gy bav nungcn`cd


8/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>5

Idcc `gacafw

N bdv zcnwdp gbzpaxdgb ydipdxgab

N xdnm cdh `w Vnbogb Kabf nx N/YXNPy Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnpnbh Idcc @gacafw kny ghdbxgegdh n iamzabdbx ae n ldw macditcnpiamzcd{ gbuacudh gb zpaxdgb ydipdxgab `w mnmmncgnb idccy>" Dnpcw vapl ab zpaxdgb ydipdxgab vny habd mngbcw gb wdnyx# ynwy Kabf"Atp pdydnpik gy ngmdh nx ghdbxgewgbf macditcdy gmzapxnbx eapzpaxdgb ydipdxgab gb mnmmncgnb idccy# nbh nx tbhdpyxnbhgbf xkdgpetbixgabnc gbxdpnixgaby"

Xkd dbhazcnymgi pdxgitctm +DP' gy nb d{xdbygud mdm`pnbdbdxvapl eatbh gbyghd xkd idcc" Gx dbicaydy nb gbxdpbnc yznidinccdh xkd ctmdb epam xkd cg~tgh znpx ae xkd idcc inccdh iwxayac"Ny xkdw npd ywbxkdyg dh# zpaxdgby xnpfdxdh eap ydipdxgab dbxdp xkd

DP ctmdb vkdpd zpaxdgb eachgbf xnldy zcnid" Xkdw mtyx xkdb `dinppgdh vgxkgb ymncc mdm`pnbd-dbicaydh yniy inccdh udygicdy xa nyxptixtpd lbavb ny xkd Facfg nzznpnxty# `deapd dudbxtnccw `dgbfydipdxdh epam xkd idcc"

Gb àxk wdnyx nbh mnmmncgnb idccy# udygicd eapmnxgab gbuacudyn mtcxg-zpaxdgb iamzcd{ inccdh ianx zpaxdgb GG +IAZGG'# vkgik gynyydm`cdh nx yzdigncg dh DP d{gx ygxdy" Xkd cnyx IAZGG iamzabdbxxa `d pdiptgxdh gy n ytìamzcd{ iabxngbgbf xkd zpaxdgby Ydi>9 nbhYdi9> +ydd gmnfd'" Vd ytyzdixdh xknx xkd Ydi>9!Ydi9> yt`-iamzcd{ mgfkx `d cgbldh xa macditcnp mdiknbgymy xknx pdftcnxd udygicd eapmnxgab nx DP d{gx ygxdy gb mnmmncgnb idccy# ynwy Kabf"

Tygbf xkd ydipdxgab ae n ugpnc zpaxdgb epam pnx cgudp idccy ny nmahdc d{zdpgmdbxnc ywyxdm# Kabf nbh kgy ia-vapldpy zpdugatycw eatbh dughdbid eap n Ydi9>-gbxdpnixgbf enixap zpdydbx gb xkdiwxayac" Xkdw kwzaxkdyg dh xknx xkgy tbghdbxgegdh enixap mgfkx`d gmzapxnbx eap pdftcnxgbf d{zapx ae xkd ugpnc ny vdcc ny idcctcnpzpaxdgby epam xkd DP ctmdb"

Xkd xdnm kny bav ghdbxgegdh xkd enixap xa `d z>04N# n zpaxdgbzpdugatycw ykavb xa gbxdpnix vgxk nbaxkdp IAZGG iamzabdbxlbavb ny Ydi09" Xkdgp bdv d{zdpgmdbxy iabegpmdh xknx z>04Ngbxdpnixy hgpdixcw vgxk Ydi9># nbh xknx hgyxgbix pdfgaby ae z>04N`gbh xa Ydi9> nbh Ydi09"

Ncxkatfk z>04N gy dbpgikdh nx DP d{gx ygxdy# etpxkdp d{zdpg-

mdbxy pdudncdh xknx mayx ae xkd z>04N zpdydbx gb xkd iwxayacgy nyyaignxdh vgxk xkd Ydi>9!Ydi9> ytìamzcd{# ytffdyxgbf xkdzpdydbid ae n zpd-nyydm`cdh iamzcd{ iamzaydh ae ncc xkpddzpaxdgby" Gx vny ncya eatbh xknx xkd Facfg nzznpnxty gy hgyptzxdh

nbh xknx zpaxdgb d{zapx epam xkd DP gy needixdh gb mnmmncgidccy cnilgbf z>04N# ytzzapxgbf xkd ugdv xknx xkgy zpaxdgb zcnnb gmzapxnbx pacd gb pdftcnxgbf DP d{zapx"

Etxtpd vapl vgcc xdyx xkd kwzaxkdygy xknx z>04N iaaphgbnxdxkd gbxdpnixgab `dxvddb xkd Ydi>9!Ydi9> ytìamzcd{ nbh axkdpIAZGG iamzabdbxy ytik ny Ydi09 htpgbf xkdgp pdiptgxmdbx nx DP d{gx ygxdy# ynwy Kabf"

>" Abf# W" Y"# Xnbf# @" C"# Caa# C" Y" % Kabf# V" z>04N d{gyxy ny znpx

ae xkd mnmmncgnb Ydi>9!Ydi9> IAZGG ytìamzcd{ xa enigcgxnxd

DP-Facfg xpnbyzapx" Oatpbnc a Idcc @gacafw >7: # 99>984 +0:>:'"

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InpfaDP Ctmdb

FXZ FXZ

Yikdmnxgi gcctyxpnxgab ykavgbf xkd pacd ae z>04N gb dbhazcnymgipdxgitctm d{zapx gb mnmmncgnb idccy" Xkd mnoapgxw ae z>04N# Ydi9>Nnbh Ydi>9 zpaxdgby zpa`n`cw d{gyx gb xkd eapm ae n zpd-nyydm`cdhz>04NYdi9>NYdi>9 ytìamzcd{ iabxngbgbf xva ae dnik ae xkdydzpaxdgby" Tzab pdiptgxmdbx ae Ynp> nbh xkd Ydi09N!Ydi08 ytìamzcd{htpgbf IAZGG udygicd `thhgbf# xkd z>04NYdi9>NYdi>9 ytìamzcd{ gypdiptgxdh# vkgik mnw azdb tz xkd `gbhgbf ygxdy ae z>04N eap Ydi09N"

Xkd ygmtcxnbdaty gbxdpnixgab ae z>04N vgxk àxk Ydi9>N nbh Ydi09Nab xkd `thhgbf udygicdy mnw enigcgxnxd xkd iaaphgbnxgab ae xkdyd xvaIAZGG ytìamzcd{dy xa mdhgnxd udygicd eapmnxgab"

Yigdbxgyxy npd dyxn`cgykgbf xkd `nygi macditcnp bdxvapl a n bdv zcnwdp gbuacudh gb zpaxdgb ydipdxgab nbh icnpg wgbf gxy pdftcnxgab gbmnmmncgnb idccy


9/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


Idcc `gacafw

Xnlgbf vpnzy aeemnmmncgnb Pnz>

Pdzpdyyap nixgunxap zpaxdgb > +Pnz>' gy n zpaxdgb vgxk mnbw pacdy" Gb `thhgbf wdnyxy# Pnz> gy gbuacudh gb pdftcnxgbf xdcamdpdxtpbaudp# xpnbyipgzxgab nbh ikpamnxgb pdmahdcgbf" Gb mnmmn-cgnb idccy# Pnz> zcnwy n pacd gb mngbxngbgbf xdcamdpd cdbfxk nbhzpaxdixgbf xdcamdpd dbhy" Kavdudp# pdidbx yxthgdy knud ykavbxknx tbcgld wdnyx Pnz># mnmmncgnb Pnz> hady bax knud n hamngbeap `gbhgbf HBN" Eap xkgy pdnyab# mnbw yigdbxgyxy yzditcnxd xknxmnmmncgnb Pnz> mnw bax zcnw n pacd gb xpnbyipgzxgab ap ikpamn-xgb pdmahdcgbf"

Ugbnw Xdpfnablnp nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbhIdcc @gacafw nbh ia-vapldpy> knud bav ghdbxgegdh xkd pacd ae

mnmmncgnb Pnz> gb xpnbyipgzxgab" Xkdw eatbh xknx ncxkatfkmnmmncgnb Pnz> kny cayx xkd n`gcgxw xa `gbh HBN# xkd zpaxdgbiatch iabxpac xpnbyipgzxgab `w pdftcnxgbf xkd nixgugxw ae xkd xpnb-yipgzxgab enixap BE-@"

BE-@ gy nb gmzapxnbx pdftcnxap ae xpnbyipgzxgab nbh n ldw znpxgigznbx gb n unpgdxw ae idcctcnp zpaidyydy# gbicthgbf idcc hgugygabnbh idcc pdyzabydy xa gbedixgab" Tbhdp bapmnc iabhgxgaby# gbkg`g-xapw zpaxdgby inccdh G@y +gbkg`gxapy ae @' `gbh nbh pdyxpgix xkdnixgugxw ae BE-@ gb xkd iwxazcnym" Vkdb idccy pdidgud nzzpa-zpgnxd ygfbncy# yzdignc db wmdy inccdh GLLy +G@ lgbnydy' vatchzkayzkapwcnxd nbh hgynyyaignxd G@ zpaxdgby xa nixgunxd BE-@"Pdidbx yxthgdy knud eatbh xknx GLLy iatch ncya zkayzkapwcnxdnbh mahgew xkd z54 yt`tbgx ae BE-@# vkgik gy bddhdh `w BE-@ xa etbixgab zpazdpcw ny n xpnbyipgzxgab enixap"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy inppgdh atx n fngb-ae-etbixgab yipddb xa ydnpikeap baudc pdftcnxapy ae BE-@ gb xkd ktmnb fdbamd nbh ghdbxg-egdh mnmmncgnb Pnz> ny n zaxdbxgnc inbhghnxd" Xkdw eatbh xknxmnmmncgnb Pnz> iatch `gbh GLLy xa eapm iamzcd{dy# nbh xknxxkdyd iamzcd{dy npd dyydbxgnc eap xkd zkayzkapwcnxgab ae z54 `txbax ae G@" Xkdw ncya eatbh xknx mtxnbx mgid cnilgbf Pnz> npdpdygyxnbx xa dbhaxa{gi ykailn ygfb ae hdedixgud BE-@ nixgun-xgabnbh xknx xtmap ynmzcdy epam `pdnyx inbidp znxgdbxy knudkgfk cdudcy ae Pnz> nbh BE-@ +ydd gmnfd'"

Xafdxkdp# xkd pdytcxy hdmabyxpnxd xknx mnmmncgnb Pnz> gy nbnhnzxap ae GLLy nbh n ipgxginc pdftcnxap ae BE-@" Nb gbxdpdyx-gbf egbhgbf gy xknx# tbcgld wdnyx Pnz># mnmmncgnb Pnz> hady baxiabxpac xpnbyipgzxgab hgpdixcw" Gbyxdnh# mnmmncgnb Pnz> iabxpacy

xpnbyipgzxgab xkpatfk xkd pdftcnxgab ae BE-@ nixgugxw"Gbhdzdbhdbx egbhgbfy `w xva axkdp fpatzy knud ncya pdudncd

d{xpn pacdy zcnwdh `w Pnz> gb mnmmncy# ykavgbf xknx Pnz> mnmmncy inb etbixgab nvnw epam xkd xdcamdpdy# ynwy Xdpfnab

BE-@ ygfbncgbf kny gmzapxnbx gmzcginxgaby gb nfgbf nbhinbidp hdudcazmdbx" Pnz># `dgbf n pdftcnxap ae BE-@ ygfbncgbf#mnw vdcc `d n baudc xkdpnzdtxgi xnpfdx eap nbxg-nfgbf nbh nbxinbidp xkdpnzw"

>" Xda# K"dx nc" Xdcamdpd-gbhdzdbhdbx Pnz> gy nb GLL nhnzxap nbh

pdftcnxdy BE- @-hdzdbhdbx fdbd d{zpdyygab" Bnxtpd Idcc @gacafw

>0# 64;656 +0:>:'"

P d z p a h t i d h e p a m P d e " > "

U " X d p f n a b l n p

Zkaxafpnzky ykavgbf xkd iappdcnxgab `dxvddb Pnz> +cdex' nbh BE- @+pgfkx' gb pdyzdixgudcw yxngbdh pdnyx inbidp xgyytd"

Mnmmncgnb Pnz> iabxpacy xpnbyipgzxgab xkpatfk xkd pdftcnxgab a BE- @ nixgugxw


10/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>;

Abiacafw

N udpw dnpcw vnpbgbf

Idpuginc inbidp gy abd ae xkd mayx iammab inbidpy needixgbf vamdb# nbh kgfk-pgyl ktmnb znzgccamnugpty xwzd >5 +KZU>5'nbh xwzd >; +KZU>;' npd pdyzabyg`cd eap intygbf 6:$ ae idpugincinbidp inydy vapchvghd" Idpuginc inbidp hady bax hdudcaz audp-bgfkx" Idccy xknx eapm xkd ytpenid +dzgxkdcgtm' ae xkd idpug{ mtyxfa xkpatfk n ydpgdy ae iknbfdy gb aphdp xa `diamd inbidpaty" Xkdzpdinbidpaty zknyd# lbavb ny idpuginc gbxpndzgxkdcgnc bdazcnygn+IGB'# iatch xnld wdnpy xa hdudcaz"

Xkdpd npd xkpdd fpnhdy ae IGB? IGB># IGB0 nbh IGB9"IGB> iappdyzabhy xa xkd dnpcgdyx yxnfd ae IGB otyx nexdp ugpncgbedixgab vkdb xkd mnoapgxw ae dzgxkdcgnc idccy npd yxgcc bapmnccw

hgeedpdbxgnxdh# vkdpdny IGB9 iappdyzabhy xa xkd egbnc yxnfd ae IGB zpgap xa inbidp eapmnxgab vkdb xkd mnoapgxw ae dzgxkdcgncidccy knud `diamd n`bapmnccw hdhgeedpdbxgnxdh"

Gbxdbygud pdydnpik ab KZU>5 nbh KZU>; kny zpaughdhd{xdbygud lbavcdhfd ab xkd pacdy ae ugpnc fdbdy nbh zpaxdgby gbinbidp eapmnxgab# `tx cgxxcd gbeapmnxgab pdfnphgbf IGB zpafpdy-ygab" Epnbagyd Xkgdppw nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Mdhginc@gacafw nbh ia-vapldpy> knud bav ykavb xknx xkd ugpnc fdbdD0 zcnwy n iptignc pacd gb IGB zpafpdyygab" Xkdw ncya ytffdyxdhxknx D0xkd zpaxdgb dbiahdh `w xkd D0 fdbdmnw ydpud ny nhgnfbayxgi mnpldp eap IGB# vkgik gy tydetc eap xkd dnpcw zpdudb-xgab ae idpuginc inbidp"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy nbncw dh xkd fdbd d{zpdyygab ae 77 idpuginc`gazyw yzdigmdby# gbicthgbf 4 bapmnc xgyytdy# ny vdcc ny 94IGB># 9> IGB0 nbh 0; IGB9 cdygaby" Xkdw eatbh xknx ugpnczpaxdgby D0 nbh D6 vdpd d{zpdyydh nx kgfk cdudcy gb n mtxtnccw d{ictygud mnbbdp< IGB> cdygaby d{zpdyydh kgfk cdudcy ae D0`tx bax ae D6# vkdpdny IGB0 nbh IGB9 cdygaby d{zpdyydh kgfkcdudcy ae D6 `tx bax ae D0 +ydd gmnfd'" Xkdw ncya ykavdh xknxD0 vny d{zpdyydh nx kgfk cdudcy gb idccy eapmgbf xkd gbxdpmdhgnxdnbh tzzdp cnwdpy ae IGB> cdygaby vkdpd ugpnc HBN pdzcginxgabaiitpy# `tx bax gb idccy eapmgbf xkd `nync cnwdpy vkdpd fdbamdgbxdfpnxgab ykatch aiitp"

KZU>5 nbh KZU>; npd lbavb xa tyd ugpnc zpaxdgby D5nbh D6 xa gbnixgunxd xtmap-ytzzpdyyap zpaxdgby z49 nbh zP`"Zpdugaty yxthgdy knud ytffdyxdh xknx xkd ugpnc zpaxdgb D0 gy npdzpdyyap ae ugpnc fdbd D5 nbh D6 xpnbyipgzxgab nbh nb nixgunxap

ae ugpnc pdzcginxgab" Xkd egbhgbfy epam xkgy yxthw npd gb nfpddmdbx vgxk xkdyd nyytmzxgaby"

D6 gy vghdcw tydh ny n hgnfbayxgi mnpldp eap IGB0 nbh IGB9" Xkdpd gy itppdbxcw ba hgnfbayxgi mnpldp eap IGB> ap KZUgbedixgab nbh gxy zpafpdyygab" Xkd pdydnpikdpy dcgdud xknx xkzpaxdgb# vkgik gy kgfkcw d{zpdyydh gb IGB> cdygaby# mnw yxkgy ztpzayd# zpaughgbf xkd dnpcgdyx vnpbgbf ae n`bapmnc idpugidcc fpavxk nbh ydpugbf ny n zpdhgixgud mnpldp eap zpafpdyyg udpyty pdfpdyygab"

>" [td# W"dx nc" KZU>5 D0 gy nb gmmdhgnxd dnpcw mnpldp ae ugpnc

gbedixgab# zpdidhgbf D6 d{zpdyygab gb zpditpyap yxptixtpdy ae

idpuginc inpigbamn" Inbidp Pdydnpik 6: # 49>54904 +0:>:'"

D0 d{zpdyygab +yxngbdh `pavb' gb icgbginc ynmzcdy ae zpdinbidpatyKZU>5-gbedixdh idpuginc xgyytd" Xkd xgyytd gy gb nb gbxdpmdhgnxd yxnfd`dxvddb IGB> +cdex# kgfkdp D0 d{zpdyygab' nbh IGB0 +pgfkx# cavdpD0 d{zpdyygab'"

Xkd ktmnb znzgccamnugpty zpaxdgb D0 mnw ydpud ny n hgnfbayxgimnpldp ap idpuginc gbxpndzgxkdcgnc bdazcnygn# xkd zpditpyap yxnfdya idpuginc inbidp


11/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


Zpaxdamgiy

Mnbgztcnxgbf xkd mgcgdt

Inbidp idccy inb fpav dudb vkdb a{wfdb nbh btxpgdbx cdudcynpd cav" Xkdw pdyzabh xa yxpdyy dgxkdp `w mnbgztcnxgbf xkdgpdbugpabmdbx ya xknx xkdw inb maud xa mapd kayzgxn`cd cainxgabyap `w gbhtigbf bdv udyydc fpavxk xa a`xngb vknx xkdw bddh epam`caah igpitcnxgab" Yng Lgnbf Cgm nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Mdhginc @gacafw nbh ia-vapldpy knud bav hdxdpmgbdh xknxzpaxdgby ydipdxdh epam a{wfdb-hdzpgudh inbidp idccy mnw `dpdyzabyg`cd eap iknbfdy gb inbidp idcc dknugap nbh zpacgedpnxgab>"

@w fpavgbf ktmnb ylgb inbidp idccy gb idcc itcxtpd# xkdpdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx inbidp idccy fpavb gb n cav-a{wfdb dbug-pabmdbx hgh bax yxgil ny vdcc xa xkd itcxtpd hgyk ny xkayd fpavb

gb n bapmnc-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbx +ydd gmnfd'# nbh vdpd mapdzpabd xa mgfpnxd xkpatfk nb npxgegignc mnxpg{" Xkdw pdnyabdhxknx a{wfdb-hdzpgudh inbidp idccy inb yzpdnh# ap mdxnyxnyg d# xaaxkdp cainxgaby gb xkd `ahw `dintyd ae xkdyd iknbfdy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy ncya eatbh xknx ktmnb ylgb inbidp idccyfpavb gb n cav-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbx iatch gbhtid xkd eapmn-xgab nbh atxfpavxk ae bdv `caah udyydcy epam xkd mdm`pnbdyae ikgildb dffy" Ny xkdyd iknbfdy vdpd gbgxgnxdh atxyghd xkdinbidp idccy# xkd pdydnpikdpy ytyzdixdh xknx zpaxdgby ydipdxdh `w xkd inbidp idccy mnw `d pdyzabyg`cd eap xkdyd iknbfdy"

@nydh ab xkgy kwzaxkdygy# Cgm nbh kdp xdnm tydh zpa-xdamgiyxkd yd~tdbigbf nbh mdnytpdmdbx ae xkd pdcnxgudn`tbhnbidy ae n ydx ae zpaxdgbyxa iamznpd xkd hgeedpdbidygb zpaxdgb ydipdxgab `dxvddb inbidp idccy fpavb gb cav- nbhbapmnc-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbxy" Xkdw eatbh nb gbipdnyd gb xkdydipdxgab cdudc ae zpaxdgb-icdnugbf db wmdy gb ktmnb ylgbinbidp idccy fpavb gb n cav-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbx# vkgik xkdw `dcgdud intydy xkd hdfpnhnxgab ae xkd mnxpg{ xknx lddzy xkd idccygb zcnid# zdpmgxxgbf xkdm xa mgfpnxd nbh yzpdnh" Xkdw ncyaa`ydpudh xknx ktmnb ylgb inbidp idccy fpavb gb n cav-a{wfdbdbugpabmdbx ykavdh dbknbidh ydipdxgab ae zpaxdgby gbuacudh gb`caah udyydc eapmnxgab"

Ytpzpgygbfcw# mnbw ae xkd ydipdxdh zpaxdgby xkd pdydnpikdpy

ghdbxgegdh npd bapmnccw eatbh vgxkgb xkd mdm`pnbd ap gbyghdinbidp idccy" Xkd pdydnpikdpy hdhtidh xknx xkd pdnyab eap xkgygy `dintyd inbidp idccy vdpd ydipdxgbf d{ayamdyymncc udygicdyxknx inb iabxngb zpaxdgby"

Inbidp gy n cdnhgbf intyd ae mapxncgxw# intygbf abd gbdgfkx hdnxky vapchvghd vgxk 7:$ ae xkdyd hdnxky nxxpg`tx-n`cd xa mdxnyxnygy" Vd npd bav eaitygbf ab tbhdpyxnbhgbf xkdmdiknbgymy `w vkgik inbidp idccy mnld nbh ydipdxd d{ayamdyxa gbectdbid xkdgp mgipadbugpabmdbx# ynwy Cgm" Abid vd egatx xkdyd mdiknbgymy# vd inb hdugyd xkdpnzgdy xa iabxpac inbidfpavxk nbh yzpdnh"

>" Znpl# O" D"dx nc" Kwza{gi xtmap idcc mahtcnxdy gxy

mgipadbugpabmdbx xa dbknbid nbfgafdbgi nbh mdxnyxnxgizaxdbxgnc w ydipdxgab ae zpaxdgby nbh d{ayamdy" Macditcnp %

Idcctcnp Zpaxdamgiy 7# >:;4>:77 +0:>:'"

0 : > : N m d p g i n b Y a i g d x w e a p @ g a i k d m g y x p w n b h M a c d i t c n p @ g a c a f w

Deedix ae a{wfdb ab ktmnb ylgb inbidp idccy" +Xaz' Inbidp idccy gb nbapmnc-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbx" +@axxam' Inbidp idccy gb n cav-a{wfdbdbugpabmdbx# ykavgbf xkd ncxdpdh hgyxpg`txgab ae zpaxdgby +fpddb' xknxneedix xkd `dknugap ae xtmap idccy"

Inbidp idccy ydipdxd zpaxdgby xknx kdcz xkdm nhnzx xacav-a{wfdb dbugpabmdbxy


12/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>>:

Macditcnp `gacafw

Pdygyxnbid gy etxgcd

Bticdnp enixap lnzzn @ +BE-@' gy n enmgcw ae xpnbyipgzxgabenixapy vgxk gmzapxnbx pacdy gb dcgigxgbf idcctcnp pdyzabydy xad{xdpbnc yxgmtcg" BE-@ bapmnccw pdyghdy gb xkd iwxazcnym ae xkdidcc# vkdpd gx pdmngby gb nb gbnixgud yxnxd `atbh xa nb gbkg`gxapae @ +G@'" Gb pdyzabyd xa yxgmtcg# xkd idcc nixgunxdy G@ lgbnyd+GLL' xa hdfpnhd G@# intygbf BE-@ xa `diamd nixgud nbhmaud gbxa xkd bticdty vkdpd gx pdftcnxdy fdbd d{zpdyygab nbhmahgegdy idcc etbixgab"

Mnbw hgeedpdbx yxgmtcg inb xpgffdp GLL nbh BE-@ nixgun-xgab" Xkd iwxalgbd xtmap bdipaygy enixap +XBE'# eap d{nmzcd#`gbhy XBE pdidzxap xwzd > +XBEP>' xa xpgffdp xkd pdcdnyd ae

XBE pdidzxap-nyyaignxdh enixap 0 +XPNE0'# vkgik enigcgxnxdyxkd nxxnikmdbx ae t`g~tgxgb macditcdy xa pdidzxap gbxdpnix-gbf zpaxdgb > +PGZ>'" Xkd t`g~tgxgb macditcdy eapm n ikngbxknx kdczy PGZ> pdiptgx XFE -nixgunxdh lgbnyd > +XNL>' nbhGLL# zpaughgbf nb azzapxtbgxw eap XNL> xa nixgunxd GLL" Xkgyinyinhd ae dudbxy# lbavb ny xkd XBE ygfbncgbf znxkvnw# gy nbgmzapxnbx mdiknbgym xknx lddzy gmmtbd idccy zpacgedpnxgbf nbhyxazy xkdm epam hwgbf"

Nznpx epam iwxalgbdy# HBN-hnmnfgbf nfdbxy ytik ny gbepnpdhpnhgnxgab nbh ikdmgincy inb ncya xpgffdp GLL nbh BE-@ nixgun-xgab" Zpdugaty yxthgdy knud ghdbxgegdh ydudpnc lgbnydy gbuacudhgb xkd HBN-hnmnfd ygfbncgbf znxkvnw# gbicthgbf XNL> nbhnxn{gn xdcnbfgdyxnygn mtxnxdh +NXM'# `tx xkd inyinhd ae dudbxycdnhgbf xa GLL nbh BE-@ nixgunxgab kny `ddb tbicdnp"

Ugbnw Xdpfnablnp nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbhIdcc @gacafw nbh ia-vapldpy> knud bav ghdbxgegdh n zpaxdgbinccdh DCLY xknx nixy ny n macditcnp cgbl `dxvddb NXM nbh XNL>" Xkdw ykavdh xknx NXM gbhtidy xkd t`g~tgxgbnxgab ae DCLY# vkgik zpamaxdy xkd eapmnxgab ae n XNL>GLL ygfbncgbfiamzcd{n yd~tdbid nbncafaty xa xknx eap XBE ygfbncgbf"

Vkdb vd nhhdh HBN-hnmnfgbf hptfy xa matyd dm`pw-abgi eg`pa`cnyxy hdpgudh epam DCLY-hdegigdbx mgid# vd hgh baxhdxdix XNL># GLL ap BE-@ nixgunxgab" Kavdudp# xkd matyd

dm`pwabgi eg`pa`cnyxy knh ba zpa`cdm nixgunxgbf XNL># GLL ap BE-@ gb pdyzabyd xa XBE" Atp egbhgbfy hdmabyxpnxd xknxDCLY zcnwy nb gmzapxnbx pacd gb xkd HBN-hnmnfd ygfbncgbfznxkvnw# ynwy Xdpfnablnp"

Xkdpd npd yamd gmzapxnbx gmzcginxgaby eap xkgy egbhgbfinbidp xpdnxmdbx" Gb ikdmaxkdpnzw# inbidp idccy npd lbavbxa hdudcaz pdygyxnbid xa hptfy `dintyd ae BE-@ nixgunxgab"Iam`gbgbf ikdmaxkdpnzdtxgi hptfy vgxk BE-@ `caildpyinb audpiamd ikdmaxkdpnzdtxgi hptf pdygyxnbid# `tx xkgy mnwncya gbkg`gx axkdp ugxnc BE-@ etbixgaby# ytik ny pdftcnxgab ae gmmtbd pdyzabydy" Iam`gbgbf ikdmaxkdpnzdtxgi hptfy vgxk nbDCLY `caildp xknx `caily idcctcnp pdyzabydy xa HBN hnmnfd`tx bax xa axkdp yxgmtcg vatch yacud ncc xkdyd zpa`cdmy"

>" Vt# _" K" dx nc" NXM nbh BDMA-hdzdbhdbx DCLY t`g~tgxgbnxgab

iaaphgbnxdy XNL>-mdhgnxdh GLL nixgunxgab gb pdyzabyd xa

fdbaxa{gi yxpdyy" Macditcnp Idcc 8: # 64;5 +0:>:'"

g Y x a i l z k a x a " i a m ! L k t a b f K a n b f

Xkd zpaxdgb DCLY zcnwy nb gmzapxnbx pacd gb xkd HBN-hnmnfd ygfbncgbf znxkvnw nbh `cailgbf gxy tbixgab gy abd vnw xa pdhtid hptf pdygyxnbidgb inbidp idccy


13/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY

N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>> >>

Inbidp `gacafw

N `nil haap xahptf pdygyxnbid

Macditcdy ae zkayzknxd npd xkd zpgmnpw itppdbiw eap n unpgdxw ae idcctcnp ygfbncgbf xpnbynixgaby# nbh mnbw gbyxptixgaby pdcnxdh xaidcc hgugygab nbh axkdp dyydbxgnc etbixgaby npd pdcnwdh ugn xnpfdxdhzkayzkapwcnxgab ae yzdigegi zpaxdgby `w lgbnyd db wmdy" Ytikygfbncy inb yt`yd~tdbxcw `d yvgxikdh aee `w zpaxdgb zkayzknxnyd0N +ZZ0N' db wmdy# vkgik xpgm nvnw zkayzknxd macditcdy"

Mnbw ZZ0N db wmdy kdcz lddz inbidp gb ikdil# nbh pdidbxd{zdpgmdbxy `w ^gnbf Wt nx xkd N/YXNP Fdbamd Gbyxgxtxdae Ygbfnzapd nbh ia-vapldpy> knud pdudncdh n znxxdpb ae iacabinbidp-nyyaignxdh gbnixgunxgab ae ZZZ0P0@# n fdbd dbiahgbf xkdZZ0N yt`tbgx @44" Eaccavgbf tz ab xkdyd egbhgbfy# xkdw knud

bav nbh eatbh> iamzdccgbf dughdbid xknx @44 iabxpg`txdy xaznxgdbx pdyzabyd xa pnznmwigb# n zpamgygbf inbidp xkdpnzdtxgi"Pnznmwigb xnpfdxy xkd mXAP ygfbncgbf znxkvnw# nb gmzap-

xnbx dbfgbd ae xtmap fpavxk# `tx xkgy hptf gy bax n tbgudpynccw nzzcgin`cd xpdnxmdbx azxgab" Icgbginc pdyzabydy xa mXAP gbkg`gxapy cgld pnznmwigb npd fdbdpnccw tbzpdhgixn`cd nbh znxgdbxhptf pdygyxnbid inb `d dgxkdp gbxpgbygi ap ni~tgpdh# ynwy Wt"

ZZ0N db wmdy ncya zcnw nb gmzapxnbx pacd gb mXAP pdftcn-xgab" Xkd pdydnpikdpy ykavdh xknx @44 d{zpdyygab yzdigeginccw gbkg`gxy xpnbyeapmnxgab nbh inbidpaty fpavxk gb itcxtpdhiacapdixnc inbidp idccy" Xkdw ghdbxgegdh ydudpnc xnpfdx zpaxdgby xknxtbhdpfa xnpfdxdh hdzkayzkapwcnxgab `w @44-iabxngbgbf ZZ0Niamzcd{dy# gbicthgbf xkd vdcc-lbavb inbidp-intygbf zpaxdgbi-Mwi" Xkd gbkg`gxgab ae i-Mwi nzzdnpy xa `d n zpgmnpw mdikn-bgym `w vkgik @44 iabyxpngby idcc fpavxk# `tx gx ncya pdzpdydbxynb gmzapxnbx cgbl `dxvddb pnznmwigb ydbygxgugxw nbhZZZ0P0@fdbd d{zpdyygab"

Pnznmwigb hpnmnxginccw gbkg`gxdh zpacgedpnxgab gb inbidp idccyxknx zpahtid @44# `tx vkdb cdudcy ae xkd zpaxdgb vdpd pdhtidh#xkd hptf vny cnpfdcw gbdeedixgud" Xkd pdydnpikdpy cdnpbdh xknx xkgy vny `dintyd pnznmwigb xpdnxmdbx yxgmtcnxdy zkayzkapwcnxgab ae i-Mwi ugn n zpdugatycw tbghdbxgegdh znxkvnw# mdhgnxdh `w zkay-zkagbaygxghd-hdzdbhdbx lgbnyd > +ZHL>'" Xkgy zpaidyy inb abcw

`d ldzx gb ikdil vkdbZZZ0P0@gy dgbf nixgudcw d{zpdyydh +yddgmnfd'# vkgik nccavy @44 xa hgpdixcw `gbh nbh gbkg`gx ZHL>"

Niiaphgbf xa Wt# xkd egbhgbfy ytffdyx n baudc inbidp ygfbnc-gbf znxkvnw xknx mnw `d gmzapxnbx gb pdygyxnbid xa pnznmwigb"

Xkdpnzdtxgiy xnpfdxgbf ZHL> xknx iatch audpiamd pdygyxnbid xmXAP gbkg`gxapy mnw `d tydetc eap axkdp Mwi-hpgudb xtmapy"

Fgudb xkd mtcxg-enixapgnc iamzcd{gxw ae xwzginc idcctcnp ygfgbf znxkvnwy# xkd pdydnpikdpy npd bav nixgudcw dbfnfdh gb deexa tbiaudp axkdp iamzabdbxy ae xkd ZHL>Mwi inyinhd" Vdknud ghdbxgegdh n iatzcd ae lgbnydy gb xkgy pdfnph# nbh npd bgb xkd zpaidyy ae hdudcazgbf n baudc iam`gbnxgab yxpnxdfw eaxnpfdxgbf iacab inbidp `nydh ab xkdyd egbhgbfy# ynwy Wt"

>" Xnb# O"dx nc" @44 -nyyaignxdh ZZ0N iamzcd{ iabxpacy ZHL>-

hgpdixdh Mwi ygfbncgbf nbh mahtcnxdy pnznmwigb ydbygxgugxw gb

iacapdixnc inbidp" Inbidp Idcc >; # 84786> +0:>:'"

0 : > : D c y d u g d p

Pd-d{zpdyygab ae ZZZ0P0@ gb iacapdixnc inbidp idccy +pgfkx iactmb'pdbhdpy xkd idccy mapd ytyidzxg`cd xa nbxg-inbidp hptfy +cavdppav'" Cdex iactmb ykavy inbidp idccy vgxk bnxtpnccw ytzzpdyydhZZZ0P0@d{zpdyygab"

Nb gbudyxgfnxgab gbxa kav yamd inbidpy dunhd xpdnxmdbx pdudncy n baudc znxkvnw pdftcnxgbf xtmap fpavxk


14/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>>0

Macditcnp `gacafw

Fa ap ba-fa1

Zpaxdgb ywbxkdygy gy nb d{xpdmdcw iamzcd{ zpaidyy" Pgàyamdy# vkgik pdnh xkd fdbdxgi iahdy ae mdyydbfdp PBN +mPBN' nbhtyd xkd gbeapmnxgab xa mnld zpaxdgby# aexdb dbiatbxdp hdedixgudmPBN xknx knmzdp xkd xpnbycnxgab zpaidyy" @dintyd ae xkgy# idccyknud duacudh ydudpnc mdiknbgymy xa hdxdix nbh hdfpnhd hdedixgudmPBN" N pdidbxcw ghdbxgegdh mdiknbgym# lbavb ny ba-fa hdinw +BFH'# xnpfdxy mPBN vgxk yxdm-caazyyghd `pnbikdy xknxgbxdpptzx xkd xpnbycnxgab dcabfnxgab zpaidyynbh gy dyydbxgnc eapmngbxngbgbf xkd eghdcgxw nbh ~tncgxw ae xpnbycnxgab"

Yxthgdy ab `thhgbf wdnyxy nbh eptgx ecgdy knud ghdbxgegdhHam98 nbh K`y>xkd znpncafy ae zdzxghd pdcdnyd enixapy dPE>

nbh dPE9ny xva zpaxdgby pd~tgpdh eap dcgmgbnxgbf mPBN vgxkyxdm-caazy xkpatfk BFH" Yxptixtpnc nbncwygy ae wdnyx Ham98kny ykavb xknx xkd zpaxdgb gy ygmgcnp xa dPE> gb hamngby M nbhI tx bax gb B" Xkd pdcnxgud apgdbxnxgab ae xkd hamngby ytffdyxyxknx Ham98 mgfkx `gbh K`y> xa eapm n iamzcd{ +zgixtpdh' xknxzpamaxdy xpnbycnxgab xdpmgbnxgab nbh iammgxy xkd mPBN xaBFH# gb xkd ynmd vnw ny xkd dPE>dPE9 iamzcd{ zpamaxdybapmnc xpnbycnxgab xdpmgbnxgab" Xkgy kwzaxkdygy# kavdudp# knybdudp `ddb iabegpmdh"

Kngvdg Yabf nbh ia-vapldpy nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbh Idcc @gacafw > knud bav ykdh cgfkx ab xkd pacdae Ham98K`y> gb BFH `w a`xngbgbf xkd ipwyxnc yxptixtpd ae Ham98K`y> epam egyygab wdnyx" Xkdw eatbh xknx audpncc# xkdyxptixtpd gy ygmgcnp xa xknx ae dPE>dPE9# nbh xknx Ham98 nbhK`y> ykav ygmgcnp `gaikdmginc zpazdpxgdy xa xkayd ae dPE>nbh dPE9" Xkd pdytcxy ytffdyx xknx Ham98K`y> `gbhy xa xkdpgàyamnc N ygxd vkdpd xkd iamzcd{ zcnwy n pacd gb zpdudbxgbfxpnbycnxgab dcabfnxgab nbh zpamaxgbf mPBN icdnunfd ny nbncxdpbnxgud dudbx xa BFH"

Ge Ham98K`y> zpaughdy nb ncxdpbnxgud enxd xa BFH eappgàyamdy vgxk yxnccdh xpnbycnxgab# gx ykatch `d zayyg`cd eap xkdpgàyamd xa tbhdpxnld mPBN icdnunfd nbh BFH nx yxpabfxpnbycnxgabnc zntydy vgxkatx Ham98K`y>" Iabygyxdbx vgxk xkgy

mahdc# xkd pdydnpikdpy a`ydpudh xknx BFH inb `d xpgffdpdh `w mPBN vgxk n cabf dppap iahd xknx yxpabfcw `caily xpnbycnxgabdcabfnxgab# gb xkd n`ydbid ae xkd Ham98K`y> iamzcd{"

Yabf nbh kgy xdnm npd bav caalgbf nx kav Ham98K`y>

etbixgaby gb xkd iabxd{x ae yxnccdh pgàyamdy" Yzdigeginccw vatch cgld xa lbav kav Ham98K`y> `gbhy xa xkd yxnccdhpgàyamd nbh xpgffdpy BFH# tygbf xdikbg~tdy ytik ny [-pnw ipwyxnccafpnzkw nbh dcdixpab mgipayiazw# ynwy Yabf" Vkazd xknx xkdyd yxthgdy vgcc pdudnc xkd macditcnp mdiknbgyae BFH"

>" Ikdb# C"dx nc" Yxptixtpd ae xkd Ham98K`y> iamzcd{ nbh

gmzcginxgaby eap ba-fa hdinw" Bnxtpd Yxptixtpnc nbh Macditcnp

@gacafw >6# >099>08> +0:>:'"

E p a m P d e " > "

0 : > : P " Z n p l d p # K " Y a b f

Ipwyxnc yxptixtpd ae xkd Ham98K`y> iamzcd{

Xkd ipwyxnc yxptixtpd a xkd Ham98K`y> iamzcd{ pdudncy kav idccypdiafbg d nbh pdmaud hd dixgud mdyydbfdp PBN vgxk yxnccdh dcabfnxgabxkpatfk ba-fa hdinw

Hamngb I

Hamngb M

Hamngb B

K`y>

Ham98


15/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY

N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>> >9

Bdtpa`gacafw

Kav egyk nuagh nb{gdxw

Nbgmncy ~tgilcw cdnpb xa nuagh hnbfdp# `tx ge xkdw npd egpyxd{zaydh xa n kgfkcw yxpdyyetc yxgmtcty# xkdw diamd kdczcdyy nbhha bax nuagh hnbfdp dudb ge xkdw d{zdpgdbid iabxgbtdh zngb" N`pngb yxptixtpd inccdh xkd kn`dbtcn kny `ddb gmzcginxdh gb xkgynuaghnbid pdyzabyd# `tx gxy d{nix pacd gy iabxpaudpygnc" Ytpdyk Odytxknynb epam xkd N/Yxnp HtldBTY Bdtpayigdbid PdydnpikZnpxbdpykgz nbh ia-vapldpy> knud iabhtixdh n yxthw ab d`pne-gyk xknx icnpgegdy xkd pacd ae xkd kn`dbtcn gb nuaghnbid pdyzabyd" Xkd egbhgbfy iatch zpaughd n `dxxdp tbhdpyxnbhgbf ae ktmnbnb{gdxw hgyaphdpy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy zcnidh d`pnegyk cnpund gb n pdixnbftcnp à{

d~tgzzdh vgxk dcdixpahdy nbh pdh cgfkxy nx dnik dbh" Vkdb xkdegyk yvnm xa abd dbh ae xkd à{# xkdw vdpd ykavb xkd cgfkx nbhfgudb n mgch ykail egud ydiabhy cnxdp" Vgxk pdzdnxdh xpgncy# xkd egykcdnpbdh xa nyyaignxd xkd xva yxgmtcg# nbh xa nuagh xkd ykail `w maugbf nvnw epam xknx dbh ae xkd à{ vkdb zpdydbxdh vgxk xkdcgfkx ncabd" @tx xkdw engcdh xa ha ya ge egpyx d{zaydh xa nb dcdixpgiykail epam vkgik xkdw inbbax dyinzd"

Xkd egyk vny xkdb fdbdxginccw mahgegdh xa d{zpdyy n zkaxapdni-xgud zpaxdgb inccdh LgccdpPdh gb bdtpaby zpaodixgbf epam xkd udb-xpacnxdpnc eapd`pngb xa xkd kn`dbtcn +ydd gmnfd'" Xkd xdikbg~td#lbavb ny zkaxa`cdnikgbf# dbn`cdh xkd pdydnpikdpy xa ydcdixgudcw hdyxpaw xkd bdtpaby `w gcctmgbnxgbf xkdm vgxk fpddb cgfkx# vkgikintydy LgccdpPdh xa pdcdnyd pdnixgud a{wfdb nxamy xknx hnmnfd xkdidcc mdm`pnbd"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx egyk vgxk hnmnfdh kn`dbtcngbztx bdtpaby hgh bax hgyzcnw xkd nuaghnbid pdyzabyd" Xkdw ncyanzzdnpdh mapd nb{gaty" Xa iabegpm xkd pacd ae xkd kn`dbtcn gbnuaghnbid# xkdw xkdb fdbdpnxdh n bdv cgbd ae d`pnegyk d{zpdyygbfxdxnbty xa{gb gb hapync kn`dbtcn idccy" Xkd xa{gb ygcdbidy idccy `w `cailgbf xkdgp xpnbymgyygab ae bdpuaty gmztcydy" Xkdyd cnpund ncyaengcdh xa nuagh xkd pdh cgfkx vkdb gx vny ykavb xa xkdm# iabegpm-gbf xknx xkd cdnpbgbf ae xkd nuaghnbid pdyzabyd gy hdzdbhdbx abxkd bdtpnc igpitgxpw gb xkd hapync kn`dbtcn"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy ytffdyx xknx xkd kn`dbtcn iatch `d gbuacudh gbygfbncgbf yxpdyyetc yxgmtcg# vgxk xkd hapync kn`dbtcn xpnbymgxxgbfgbeapmnxgab nàtx vkdxkdp n yxpdyyetc yxgmtcty inb `d iabxpaccdh`w n yzdigegi nixgab" Nbh `dintyd xkd kn`dbtcn kny n ygmgcnp

znxxdpb ae bdtpnc iabbdixgaby gb mnmmncy# xkdw etpxkdp ytffdxknx hnmnfd xa xkd kn`dbtcn iatch zcnw n pacd gb mdbxnc hgyaphdiknpnixdpg dh `w nb{gdxw nbh kdczcdyybdyy"Abd gmzcginxgab gy xknx yxgmtcnxgbf xkd kn`dbtcn mnw pdhtnb{gdxw# ynwy Odytxknynb" Ge vd lbav kav xkd `pngb bnxtpnyvgxikdy aee nb{gdxw# vd vgcc knud n hgeedpdbx vnw ae kdczzdazcd vgxk nb{gdxw hgyaphdpy"

>" Cdd# N"dx nc" Xkd kn`dbtcn zpdudbxy kdczcdyy `dknugap gb cnpunc

d`pnegyk"Itppdbx @gacafw 0: # 00>>00>5 +0:>:'"

LgccdpPdh zpaxdgb +pdh' d{zpdyydh gb xkd d`pnegyk kn`dbtcn

Icnpg inxgab a xkd bdtpnc `nygy a d`pn yk nuaghnbid pdyzabyd iatchcdnh xa n `dxxdp tbhdpyxnbhgbf a nb{gdxw


16/92



Yxptixtpnc `gacafw

Lddzgbf tz vgxk xkd bdgfkàpy

Mnbw `nixdpgn npd pdmnpln`cw igugi-mgbhdh# ncxdpgbf xkdgp`dknugap gb pdyzabyd xa iknbfdy gb xkd hdbygxw ae xkdgp ytppatbh-gbf zaztcnxgab" Xkgy iaccdixgud apfnbg nxgab gy nikgdudh xkpatfk~taptm-ydbygbf ywyxdmy# vkgik pdyzabh xa macditcdy ydipdxdh`w gbhgughtnc `nixdpgnc idccy< abid n xkpdykach cdudc ae ygfbncgbfnixgugxw gy pdnikdh# `nixdpgn pdyzabh `w yvgxikgbf ab yzdigegi~taptm-pdyzabygud fdbdy"

Ydudpnc wdnpy nfa# Cgnb-Ktg _knbf nbh ia-vapldpy nx xkdN/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbh Idcc @gacafw +GMI@' ghdbxg-egdh n baudc ~taptm-ydbygbf znxkvnw# hpgudb `w xkd hgeetyg`cd ygf-bncgbf enixap +HYE'# vkgik nzzdnpy xa `d dmzcawdh `w n btm`dp

ae zcnbx nbh nbgmnc znxkafdby" Yt`yd~tdbx iaccnàpnxgab `dxvddb_knbf nbh kgy GMI@ iaccdnftd Kngvdg Yabf kny bav pdudncdhgmzapxnbx hdxngcy nàtx xkd mdiknbgym xknx dbn`cdy HYE xamahtcnxd gxy avb zpahtixgab nbh yvgxik ab fdbdy nyyaignxdh vgxk`nixdpgnc ugptcdbid>"

Xkgy zpaidyy gy faudpbdh `w xkd HYE ydbyap PzeI# vkgikhdxdixy ~taptm ygfbncy nbh xpnbymgxy xkdm xa xkd HYE-mnbtenixtpgbf db wmd PzeE" Yabf# _knbf nbh xkdgp ia-vapldpy`dfnb `w iknpnixdpg gbf xkd yxptixtpnc hdxngcy ae xkd PzeIPzeE iamzcd{# pdudncgbf xknx PzeE `dcabfy xa n enmgcw ae db wmdylbavb ny dbawc-IaN kwhpnxnydy!hdkwhpnxnydy" Xkdw ncya ghdb-xgegdh n btm`dp ae yzdigegi nmgba nighy vgxk dyydbxgnc pacdy gbHYE zpahtixgab# mayx ae vkgik npd zaygxgabdh vgxkgb n bnppav zaildx gb xkd zpaxdgb xknx mayx cgldcw niiammahnxdy HYE zpd-itpyap macditcdy"

PzeI iabxngby n ygfbncgbf hamngb lbavb ny PDI# vkgik gbhyxa PzeE nbh xkdpd`w gbkg`gxy HYE zpahtixgab# nbh xkd pdydnpikdpyncya ghdbxgegdh ldw ytpenid dcdmdbxy xknx mdhgnxd xkgy gbxdpnixgab"Gbxpgftgbfcw# PDI `gbhgbf nzzdnpy xa cail PzeE gbxa n iabegftpn-xgab xknx cdnudy gxy inxncwxgi zaildx gbniidyyg`cd# xkdpd`w zkwyginccw zpdudbxgbf xkd zpahtixgab ae HYE eap ny cabf ny PDI pdmngbyàtbh" Abid HYE niitmtcnxgab pdnikdy xkd xgzzgbf zagbxgb xkd d{xdpbnc dbugpabmdbx# kavdudp# ygfbncgbf xkpatfk PzeI

xpgffdpy ikdmginc mahgeginxgab ae xkd PDI hamngb# intygbf gxxa hgyyaignxd nbh cdnhgbf xa n yknpz gbipdnyd gb HYE zpahtixgabnbh ~taptm ygfbncgbf +ydd gmnfd'" Iabxpac ae ygfbnc zpahtixgabgy tytnccw nx xkd cdudc ae xpnbyipgzxgab# ynwy _knbf" Xkd mayx

gbxdpdyxgbf egbhgbf ae xkgy pdydnpik gy xkd yxptixtpnc hdmabyxgab ae n baudc# zayx-xpnbycnxgabnc mdiknbgym eap ~taptm-ydbygygfbnc ntxapdftcnxgab"

Ny HYE ygfbncgbf xkpatfk PzeI ncya yvgxikdy ab xkd zpahti-xgab ae ugptcdbid enixapy xknx dbn`cd znxkafdby xa fdx havb xaxkdgp hgpxw vapl# xkgy znxkvnw pdzpdydbxy n zaxdbxgnccw gmxkdpnzdtxgi xnpfdx" Vapl gy abfagbf xa ghdbxgew xkd yt`yxpnxdy ninxncwxgi mdiknbgym ae PzeE# ynwy _knbf" Xkd ghdbxgeginxgaldw pdyghtdy nyyaignxdh vgxk xkd ydbyap-ywbxknyd gbxdpnixgancpdnhw zpaughdh tydetc ictdy eap etxtpd hptf hdygfb"

>" Ikdbf# _" dx nc" Yxptixtpnc nygy ae xkd ydbyap-ywbxknyd gbxdpnixgab

gb ntxagbhtixgab ae xkd ~tpatm ydbygbf ygfbnc HYE `gaywbxkdygy"

Yxptixtpd >; # >>77>0:7 +0:>:'"

0 : > : D c y d u g d pHYE

PzeE yd~tdyxdpdh `w PzeI

Nixgud PzeE

PzeI

Vkdb HYE cdudcy npd cav +cdex'# xkd gbxdpnixgab `dxvddb PzeI nbh PzeE

hgpdixcw gbxdpedpdy vgxk xkd zpahtixgab ae nhhgxgabnc HYE" Ny `nixdpgnchdbygxw gb xkd dbugpabmdbx gbipdnydy +pgfkx'# dcdunxdh HYE cdudcy xpgf-fdp xkd pdcdnyd ae PzeE nbh yxgmtcnxd etpxkdp HYE ywbxkdygy"

Zpaxdgb yxptixtpdy pdudnc hdxngcy a kav yamd `nixdpgn yxnw gb xatik vgxkxkdgp iammtbgxw


17/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


Hdudcazmdbx

Cdbh md watp dnpy

Igcgn npd kngp-cgld ydbyapw apfnbdccdy xknx zcnw dyydbxgnc pacdygb mnbw zkwygacafginc nbh hdudcazmdbxnc zpaidyydy" Zpaxa annpd lbavb xa tyd xkdgp maxgcd igcgn d{ictygudcw eap caiamaxgabgb ectgh" Gb udpxd`pnxdy# kavdudp# xkd zpgmnpw pacd ae maxgcd igcgngy xa maud ectgh audp xkd idcc ytpenid" Hwyetbixgaby gb xkgy igcgn-hpgudb ectgh ecav inb knud vghd-pnbfgbf deedixy gb xkd ktmnb`ahw" Eap d{nmzcd# egdchy ae `dnxgbf igcgn ab xkd dzgxkdcgnc cgbgbfae xkd ktmnb pdyzgpnxapw xpnix hpgud mtity xpnbyzapx" Gb znxgdbxy vgxk xkd pnpd ktmnb fdbdxgi hgyaphdp zpgmnpw igcgnpw hwylgbdygn#hdedixy gb xkd nixgab ae xkd igcgn cgbgbf xkd pdyzgpnxapw xpnix pdytcxgb engctpd xa icdnp mtity epam xkd ctbfy"

Ythgzxa Paw nbh ia-vapldpy nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbh Idcc @gacafw > knud bav ykavb xknx xkd hgyxpg-`txgab ae igcgn gb xkd dnp gy ipgxginc xa xkd bapmnc eapmnxgab ae etbixgabnccw gmzapxnbx dnp yxabdy# inccdh axacgxky# eatbh ab kngpidccy ae xkd gbbdp dnp"

Maxgcd igcgn vdpd `dcgdudh xa zcnw n pacd gb xkd hdzaygxgab ae axacgxkyvkgik knud etbixgaby gb kdnpgbf nbh `ncnbidabyzdigncg dh kngp idccy gb xkd gbbdp dnp" Kavdudp# xkd ghdbxgxw ae xkd maxgcd igcgn pdyzabyg`cd kny `ddb iabxpaudpygnc"

Xa pdydnpik xkd gyytd# Paw nbh kgy ia-vapldpy yxthgdh maxgcdigcgn gb d`pnegyk" Xkd d`pnegyk gy nb d{idccdbx mahdc ywyxdmeap yxthwgbf dnp hdudcazmdbx `dintyd gx gy dnyw xa mnbgztcnxdfdbdxginccw# ynwy Paw" Axacgxky +ydd gmnfd'# vkgik iabxngbzpaxdgby nbh incigtm inp`abnxd# ipwyxnccg d epam zpditpyap znp-xgicdy zpdydbx gb xkd ectgh-egccdh dnp udygicd nbh `diamd nxxnikdhxa yzdigncg dh lgbaigcgn ab kngp idccy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy tydh kgfk-yzddh ughda mgipayiazw xa a`ydpudxkd gbbdp dnpy ae cgud dm`pway ny vdcc ny axkdp cgfkx nbh dcdixpabmgipayiazw xdikbg~tdy xa eaccav axacgxk eapmnxgab gb bapmnc#mtxnbx nbh fdbdxginccw mnbgztcnxdh d`pnegyk" Xkdw ykavdhxknx xkd dnp udygicd zpahtidy mnbw maxgcd igcgn gb n yznxgnchgyxpg`txgab xknx hdzdbhy ab xkd d{zpdyygab znxxdpb ae xkdzpaxdgb Ea{o> "

Xkdgp d{zdpgmdbxy etpxkdp pdudncdh xknx zpazdp axacgxk eapmn-xgab hdzdbhy ab xkd iappdix yznxgnc nbh xdmzapnc hgyxpg`txgab ae maxgcd igcgn" Xaa edv ap xaa mnbw maxgcd igcgn pdytcx gb axacgxkyae gppdftcnp yknzd nbh yg d# ynwy Paw"

Xkdw eatbh xknx lgbaigcgn npd gmmaxgcd# ydpugbf ny yxnxdxkdpy eap axacgxk ipwyxnccg nxgab" Xkdgp dughdbid ncya yxknx lgbaigcgn hgeedpdbxgnxgab epam maxgcd igcgn gbuacudy eginxgab ae xkd Ea{o>` zpafpnm `w Nxak zpaxdgby" @nydh aatp pdytcxy# gx gy cgldcw xknx maxgcd nbh gmmaxgcd igcgn ncgmzapxnbx pacdy gb xkd mnmmncgnb gbbdp dnp# nbh xkdgp hwyxgab iatch cdnh xa hdnebdyy# iabicthdy Paw"

>" Wt" ["# Cnt# H"# Bf# I" Z" % Paw# Y" H" Igcgn-hpgudb ectgh ecav ny nb

dzgfdbdxgi itd eap axacgxk gamgbdpncg nxgab ab ydbyapw kngp idccy

ae xkd gbbdp dnp" Hdudcazmdbx >9; # 8;6-878 +0:>:'"

Axacgxky gb xkd dnp udygicd ae n d`pnegyk dm`pwa

N d`pn yk yxthw zpaughdy bdv gbygfkxy gbxa nixapy xknx gb tdbid xkdapmnxgab a tbixgabnccw gmzapxnbx dnp yxabdy


18/92



Yxdm idccy

Dyydbxgnc enixapy

Ktmnb dm`pwabgi yxdm idccy +kDYIy' npd nb gmzapxnbx xaac eappdydnpik nbh n ugn`cd yatpid ae zaxdbxgnc pdzcnidmdbx idccy eapicgbginc nzzcginxgaby" Xkdpd npd xva zpazdpxgdy xknx mnld kDYIytbg~td? xkd n`gcgxw xa hgeedpdbxgnxd gbxa nbw idcc xwzd# n zpazdpxw lbavb ny zctpgzaxdbiw< nbh xkd n`gcgxw xa fa xkpatfk btmdpatyiwicdy ae idcc hgugygab vgxkatx iknbfgbf xkdgp tbhgeedpdbxgnxdhyxnxd# n zpazdpxw inccdh ydce-pdbdvnc" Xa d{zcagx xkd etcc zaxdbxgncae kDYIy# yigdbxgyxy mtyx knud n hdxngcdh tbhdpyxnbhgbf ae xkdfdbdxgi bdxvapl xknx faudpby xkdyd zpazdpxgdy" Eap xkgy pdnyab#Ktil-Ktg Bf# Epdh @nph nbh ia-vapldpy epam xkd N/YXNP Fdbamd Gbyxgxtxd ae Ygbfnzapd# xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae

Macditcnp nbh Idcc @gacafw# Bnbwnbf Xdikbacafginc Tbgudpygxw nbh xkd Bnxgabnc Tbgudpygxw ae Ygbfnzapd> knud inppgdh atx n vkacd-fdbamd PBN gbxdpedpdbid yipddb xa iam` atx fdbdy xknxpdftcnxd xkdyd etbixgaby ae ydce-pdbdvnc nbh zctpgzaxdbiw"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy fdbdpnxdh n yxn`cd kDYI cgbd d{zpdyygbf fpddbectapdyidbx zpaxdgb +zgixtpdh'" Ny abcw tbhgeedpdbxgnxdh kDYIyae xkgy cgbd d{kg`gx fpddb ectapdyidbid# xkd pdydnpikdpy iatchdyxgmnxd xkd deedix ae n znpxgitcnp fdbd ab kDYI ytpugunc nbhzpacgedpnxgab `w mdnytpgbf xkd ectapdyidbx gbxdbygxw nbh btm`dpae kDYI bticdg"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy tydh xkd kDYI cgbd xa yipddb n cg`pnpw ae 0>#>0> ktmnb fdbdy" Xkgy zpaidyy ghdbxgegdh 455 fdbdy xknx knhxkd cnpfdyx deedix ab kDYI ytpugunc nbh zpacgedpnxgab" Nbncwydy ae fdbd abxacafw nbh `gacafginc pdnixgaby eap xkd 455 fdbdy pdudncdh n vdncxk ae enixapy nbh znxkvnwy gbuacudh gb xpnbyipgzxgab nbh xpnby-cnxgab" Nmabf xkdyd vdpd iamzabdbxy ae xkd xpnbyipgzxgabnc pdft-cnxap ZPHM>8 nbh xkd ikpamnxgb pdmahdcgbf iamzcd{ GBA;:"

Zpdugaty yxthgdy knud hdmabyxpnxdh xkd zayyg`gcgxw ae pdzpa-fpnmmgbf ktmnb eg`pa`cnyxy gbxa zctpgzaxdbx yxdm idccy +ZYIy'#lbavb ny ktmnb gbhtidh ZYIy# xkpatfk xkd gbxpahtixgab ae eatp xpnbyipgzxgab enixapy? AIX8# YA[0# LCE8 nbh i-MWI" Xkd pdydnpikdpy nyydyydh kav xkd gbxpahtixgab ae nhhgxgabncxpnbyipgzxgabnc enixapy# ytik ny ZPHM>8 nbh BEPL@# iatch

needix xkd zctpgzaxdbiw pdzpafpnmmgbf zpaidyy" Xkdw eatbh xknxxkd gbxpahtixgab ae ZPHM>8 nbh BEPL@ iatch niidcdpnxd xkdpdzpafpnmmgbf zpaidyy `w enixapy ae 6 nbh 9"4# pdyzdixgudcw" Xkdpdytcxy bax abcw hdmabyxpnxd xkd zavdp ae xkd vkacd-fdbamd

PBN gbxdpedpdbid yipddb# `tx ncya pdudnc xkd pacdy ae mnbw benixapy nbh znxkvnwy"

Vd npd d{xpdmdcw d{igxdh `w atp bdv egbhgbfy# yngh Bf" Ahnxn knud ykavb ty xkd gbxpginxd bdxvapl ae fdbdy nbh enixapygbuacudh gb xkd mngbxdbnbid ae xkd kDYI yxnxd"

Etpxkdp yxthgdy pdudncdh xknx ZPHM>8 hgpdixcw pdftcnxdy xd{zpdyygab ae xkd zctpgzaxdbiw fdbd ZAT4E># nbh iacaincg dy vgxxpnbyipgzxgab enixapy AIX8# BNBAF nbh YA[0" Xkd egbhgbfyytffdyx xknx ZPHM>8 gy n ldw xpnbyipgzxgab enixap pd~tgpdh eap mngbxdbnbid ae kDYI zctpgzaxdbiw"

>" Ikgn# B" W"dx nc" N fdbamd-vghd PBNg yipddb pdudncy

hdxdpmgbnbxy ae ktmnb dm`pwabgi yxdm idcc ghdbxgxw" Bnxtpd

85; # 9>590: +0:>:'"

E p a m P d e " > 0 : > : K " - K " B f # E " @ n p h

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N fdbamd-vghd PBN gbxdp dpdbid yipddb ghdbxg dy fdbdy xknx faudpb xkdtbg~td zpazdpxgdy a ktmnb dm`pwabgi yxdm idccy


19/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


Mdxnàcgi dbfgbddpgbf

Knmyxdp ptcdy

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N fcwiazpaxdgb mnw knud abd ap mapd ygncgi nighy nxxnikdh xagxy B-fcwinby# nbh xkd d{xdbx ae ygncwcnxgab inb knud n xpdmdbhatygmznix ab xkd zknpmnialgbdxgiy ae xkd fcwiazpaxdgb" Kgfkcw ygncwcnxdh DZA# eap d{nmzcd# xdbhy xa yxnw gb xkd `caahyxpdnm mtikcabfdp nbh knud fpdnxdp deeginiw# ya yigdbxgyxy knud ddb caalgbf eap

vnwy xa dbknbid DZA ygncwcnxgab" Abd nzzpanik xa nikgdud xkgy gyxa mahgew xkd fdbdxgiy ae idccy xknx zpahtid DZA" Xkd iabudbxgabnc mdxkah eap nbncw gbf fcwiazpaxdgb ygncwcnxgab

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ncya xdyxdh axkdp idcc cgbdy gbicthgbf ktmnb dm`pwabgi lghbdw#mabldw lghbdw eg`pa`cnyx# matyd dm`pwabgi eg`pa`cnyx nbh matydmwdcamn idccy# ncxkatfk babd ae xkdyd zpaughdh n iamznpn`cdygncwcnxgab dbknbidmdbx"

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>" Iknb# L" E"# _knbf# Z" % Yabf# _" Ghdbxgeginxgab ae dyydbxgnc nmgba

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xpnbyzapxdp nbh THZ-fncnixayd xpnbyzapxdp" Fcwia`gacafw

0: # 5;76:> +0:>:'"

0" Fak# O" Y" W"dx nc"PIN-G-pdygyxnbx IKA mtxnbx idccy knud

hwyetbixgabnc FbX G nbh d{zpdyygab ae bapmnc FbX G gb xkdyd

mtxnbxy dbknbidy ygncwcnxgab ae pdiam`gbnbx dpwxkpazagdxgb"

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iammabcw tydh mnmmncgnb idcc cgbdy" Mdxnàcgi Dbfgbddpgbf

>0# 405495 +0:>:'"

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Ikgbdyd knmyxdp aunpw nbh `n`w knmyxdp lghbdw idcc cgbdy npd xkd`dyx ikagidy ap zpahtigbf xkdpnzdtxgi fcwiazpaxdgb xknx yxnwy gb xkd`caahyxpdnm cabfdp

4 m Z k a x a ? Z " _

k n b f


20/92


N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>>;

Hdudcazmdbxnc `gacafw

Ydznpnxd vnwy

Idcc mgfpnxgabxkd apikdyxpnxdh maudmdbx ae idccy epam abdcainxgab xa nbaxkdpgy n ldw zpaidyy gb nbgmnc hdudcazmdbx" Gxzcnwy gmzapxnbx pacdy gb xgyytd eapmnxgab nbh gmmtbd pdyzabyd#ny vdcc ny inbidp mdxnyxnygy" Kavdudp# ncxkatfk yigdbxgyxyknud zdpeapmdh d{xdbygud yxthgdy ab xkd mgfpnxgab ae gbhgughtnc idccy# xkdw yxgcc cnil n hdxngcdh tbhdpyxnbhgbf ae iaccdixgudidcc mgfpnxgab"

Xkd eptgx ecw Hpayazkgcn mdcnbafnyxdp gy abd ae ydudpnc mahdcapfnbgymy yigdbxgyxy tyd eap yxthwgbf idcc mgfpnxgab" Gb xkd aunpw ae xkgy eptgx ecw# n ictyxdp ae yzdigncg dh àphdp idccy +zgixtpdh'hdxnik epam xkd dzgxkdcgtm nbh mgfpnxd xa xkd aaiwxd" Xa pdnik

xkdgp hdyxgbnxgab# àphdp idccy tbhdpfa iaccdixgud mgfpnxgab gb n vnw xknx nccavy xkdm xa y~tdd d `dxvddb xkd fgnbx btpyd idccy gbxkd yznid `dxvddb xkd dzgxkdcgtm nbh aaiwxd"

Zpdugaty yxthgdy knud ghdbxgegdh xva idcc-ytpenid pdidzxapy#bnmdcw zcnxdcdx-hdpgudh fpavxk enixap!unyitcnp dbhaxkdcgncfpavxk enixappdcnxdh pdidzxap +ZUP' nbh dzghdpmnc fpavxkenixap pdidzxap +DFEP'# xa `d gmzapxnbx eap àphdp idccy" Xkdydpdidzxapy pdnh ftghnbid itdy epam xkdgp dbugpabmdbx gb aphdp xahgpdix àphdp idccy xa xkd aaiwxd" Zdpbgccd Ppxk nbh ia-vapldpynx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Macditcnp nbh Idcc @gacafw nbh xkdBnxgabnc Tbgudpygxw ae Ygbfnzapd> knud bav eatbh xknx xkd xvapdidzxapy iknbfd xkd `dknugap ae àphdp idccy gb hgeedpdbx vnwygb aphdp xa yxddp xkd iaccdixgud mgfpnxgab gb xkd pgfkx hgpdixgab"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy yxthgdh xkd deedixy ae ZUP nbh DFEP abàphdp idccy tygbf n iam`gbnxgab ae cgud gmnfgbf nbh PBN gbxdp-edpdbid xdikbg~tdy# vkgik pdhtid xkd d{zpdyygab ae dgxkdp ZUP ap DFEP gb àphdp idccy" Xkgy nzzpanik nccavdh xkdm xa a`xngb~tnbxgxnxgud gbeapmnxgab nàtx xkd dknugap ae aphdp idccy" Xkdw eatbh xknx ZUP nbh DFEP àxk zpamaxd xkd mngbxdbnbid nbhfpavxk ae epabx d{xdbygaby# vkgik gb xtpb cdnhy xa mapd eapvnphmaudmdbx ae xkd idcc ictyxdp" ZUP nbh DFEP ygfbncgbf ncyadbytpd xknx xkd d{xdbygaby ae idccy nx xkd epabx npd zpahtixgud nbhyxgilw# vkdpdny d{xdbygaby ae idccy nx xkd `nil npd bax"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy ncya baxdh etbixgabnc hgeedpdbidy dxvddb ZUP nbh DFEP" Xkdw eatbh xknx ZUP gbhtidy n ycghgbf `dknugap# vkdpdny DFEP gbhtidy n xtm`cgbf `dknugap" Gb dyydbid# ZUP nzzdnpy xa `d n `dxxdp ftghnbid pdidzxap xknb DFEP"

Vd knud zpdugatycw ghdbxgegdh xkd itdy nbh pdidzxapy xknx npdyzabyg`cd eap hgpdixgabnc maudmdbx# ynwy Ppxk" Bav vd kykavb kav xkdw ha xkd oa`kav xkd ftghnbid ygfbncy iknbfdidcc `dknugap ytik xknx idccy maud gb xkd pgfkx hgpdixgab" Xpdydnpikdpy ytffdyx xknx DFEP mnw `d azxgmg dh eap idcc-vghap bticdnp pdyzabydy# vkdpdny ZUP mnw `d azxgmg dh eap mapcainc ap zacnpg dh pdyzabydy"

>" Zatlltcn# M"# Icgeed# N"# Iknbfdhd# P" % Ppxk# Z" Idcc `dknugapy

pdftcnxdh `w ftghnbid itdy gb iaccdixgud mgfpnxgab ae àphdp idccy"

Oatpbnc a Idcc @gacafw >70# 4>9408 +0:>:'"

Ectapdyidbid mgipayiazw gmnfd ykavgbf n ictyxdp ae àphdp idccy +`ctdbticdg# abd idcc cn`dcdh fpddb' gbyghd xkd aunpw ae xkd eptgx ecw Hpayazkgcnmdcnbafnyxdp

Xva ftghnbid pdidzxapy yxddp xkd iaccdixgud mgfpnxgab a àphdp idccy gbhg dpdbx vnwy


21/92

IKDMGYXPW % MNXDPGNCY


22/92


0: N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>

Apfnbgi ikdmgyxpw

Fagbf fpddb vgxk iazzdp

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cdnyx gxy kgfk zpgid nbh baxapgaty xa{gigxw" Onwnypdd Ydnwnh nbh ia-vapldpy nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Ikdmginc nbh Dbfgbddpgbf Yigdbidy> knud bav hdugydh n mdxkaheap ytiidyyetccw iabudpxgbf ncldbdy xa n hgnidxa{w iamzatbhnicaydcw pdcnxdh hdpgunxgud ae ugigbnc hgacytygbf n iamzatbh ae iazzdp lbavb ny iazzdp+GG' xpgecnxd ny xkd inxncwyx +ydd gmnfd'" Xkgy iazzdp yncx gy pdnhgcw nungcn`cd# bab-xa{gi nbh n epnixgab ae xkd zpgid ae aymgtm xdxpa{ghd mnlgbf xkd bdv mdxkah yned# iayx-deedixgud nbh dbugpabmdbxnccw `dbgfb"

Gb gbgxgnc d{zdpgmdbxy# xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx iazzdp+GG'xpgecnxd iatch inxncw d xkd hgnidxa{wcnxgab ae n iammab acdegblbavb ny yxwpdbdxkd yxnpxgbf mnxdpgnc eap mnlgbf zacwyxwpdbdgb xkd zpdydbid ae nb a{ghg gbf nfdbx# ZkG+ANi'0# nbh nidxgi nigh#tbhdp mgch iabhgxgaby gb kgfk ikdmginc wgdch nbh vgxk edv yghdzpahtixy" Etpxkdp d{zdpgmdbxnxgab dyxn`cgykdh xkd fdbdpncgxw ae xkd pdnixgab nbh nccavdh xkd pdydnpikdpy xa d{xdbh xkd yiazd ae xkdpdnixgab xa mapd yxptixtpnccw iamzcd{ acdegby"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy ncya gbudyxgfnxdh xkd znxkvnw `w vkgik xkdpdnixgab zpaiddhy nbh zpazaydh n mdiknbgym gb vkgik xkd iazzdpdbxdpy xkd pdnixgab gb n eapm lbavb ny iazzdp+GG'# vkgik gy xkdba{ghg dh xa nb tbtytnc nbh xpnbygdbx eapm ae xkd mdxnc inccdhiazzdp+GGG'" Xkgy xkdb iwicdy `dxvddb gx nbh nbaxkdp eapm lbavbny iazzdp+G' xa fdbdpnxd xkd a`ydpudh zpahtixy" Gbxdpdyxgbfcw# xkd

N/YXNP xdnm hgyiaudpdh xknx n icaydcw pdcnxdh icnyy ae yt`yxpnxdylbavb ny kamanccwcgi nciakacy `dnpgbf nb d{gyxgbf kwhpa{wc fpatznbh n cabfdp-ikngb ncldbd inb `d iabudpxdh gb xa nbaxkdp tydetcicnyy ae iwicgi apfnbgi macditcdy"

Xkd gmzpaudmdbxy mnhd xa xkd ncldbd a{ghnxgab pdnixgab `xkd tyd ae ikdnz# cav-xa{gigxw iazzdp yncxy nbh xkd mgch iabhgxgaae xkd zpaidyy azdb tz xkd zaxdbxgnc eap gxy tyd gb cnpfd-yincd ywxkdydy ae ugigbnc hgac hdpgunxgudy" Vd npd ncya d{xdbhgbf xkdae xkgy mdxkah xa xkd nywmmdxpgi ywbxkdygy ae bab-pnidmgi hdpgunxgudy# vkgik vgcc dbn`cd pnzgh niidyy xa xkd iaudxdh ikggbxdpmdhgnxdy# ynwy Ydnwnh"

>" Ydnwnh# O"# Ydnwnh# N" M" % Ikng# I" C" C" Iazzdp-inxncw dh

hgnidxa{wcnxgab ae acdegby tygbf ZkG+ANi'0 ny a{ghnbx" Apfnbgi

Cdxxdpy >0# >8>0>8>4 +0:>:'"

AK

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P0

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Ugigbnc hgacy

>#0-hgnidxnxdyTz xa ;4$ wgdch

Iazzdp xpgffnxdZkc +ANi'0

IK 0Ic y Nidxgi nighMgch iabhgxgaby

Xwzginc ncldbd+yxwpdbd' I=I àbh

Yikdmnxgi gcctyxpnxgab ae n xwzginc ncldbd +yxwpdbd' ykavgbf xkd I=Ihat`cd àbh# nbh xkd pdnixgab yikdmd tygbf iazzdp xpgecnxd ny n inxn-cwyx eap xkd iabudpygab ae acdegby xa ugigbnc hgacy"

Iazzdp yncxy iatch pdzcnid kgfkcw xa{gi aymgtm xdxpa{ghd ny n inxncwyx ap xkd a{ghnxgab a ncldbdy xa hgnidxa{w iamzatbhy


23/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY

0>N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>

Ytp nid ikdmgyxpw

N mahdc ae iamzaytpd

Dyxgmnxgbf xkd ytpenid iamzaygxgab ae n cg~tgh mg{xtpd mnw yddm cgld nb dnyw xnyl nx egpyx# `tx xkd incitcnxgaby npd bax ncvnwyya yxpngfkxeapvnph" Iam`gbgbf xva cg~tghy xafdxkdp fdbdpnxdyiamzcd{ gbxdpnixgaby xknx mnw gbuacud `pdnlgbf nbh pdmnlgbfgbxdpmacditcnp `abhy" Nbw dbdpfdxgi iknbfd htpgbf xkgy zpaidyyinb cdnh xa bab-ghdnc `dknugapyigpitmyxnbidy yxpglgbfcw hge-edpdbx epam xkdapgdy `nydh ab ztpd ghdnc cg~tghy"

Mnpxgb Xonkoaba nbh Mnpi Fnpcnbh nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxdae Ikdmginc nbh Dbfgbddpgbf Yigdbidy> knud bav hdudcazdh nmahdc xknx inb niitpnxdcw zpdhgix ytpenid ikdmginc iabidbxpn-xgaby eap ghdnc nbh bab-ghdnc `gbnpw mg{xtpdy ae n~tdaty nbh

apfnbgi cg~tghy" Xkd mahdc gy tydetc eap n unpgdxw ae nzzcginxgaby#pnbfgbf epam ywbxkdxgi ikdmgyxpw xa kdnx dbfgbddpgbf" Xkd ldw xa xkgy nzzpanik gy n bdv d~tnxgab xknx nbyvdpy n etbhnmdbxnc~tdyxgab? kav `dyx xa d{zpdyy xkd zkwyginc iabidzx ae macditcnp uactmd nx xkd ytpenid1

@gbnpw cg~tgh ytpenidy npd hwbnmgi zcnidy xknx tbhdpfaiabyxnbx iabidbxpnxgab iknbfdy htd xa dunzapnxgab# mdnbgbfxknx d{zdpgmdbxnc mdnytpdmdbxy ae iamzaygxgab npd bax dnyw xazdpeapm" Gbyxdnh# pdydnpikdpy knud xa tyd xkdapdxginc mahdcy xafntfd deedixy cgld ytpenid dbpgikmdbx" Kavdudp# mnbw ae xkdydeapmtcny npd `nydh ab ghdnc cg~tgh nyytmzxgaby# cgld bdnpcw yzkdp-ginc macditcnp yknzdy nbh xkd eapmnxgab ae egbgxd mabacnwdpy"

Xonkoaba nbh Fnpcnbh hdugydh n hgeedpdbx incitcnxgab mdxkah`nydh ab n znpnmdxdp inccdh znpnikap xknx mnxkdmnxginccw iabbdixy ytpenid xdbygabn hgpdix mdnytpd ae xkd iakdyguddbdpfw zpdydbx nx xkd gbxdpenidxa macditcnp uactmd# vkgikmdnytpdy yg d nbh macditcnp gbxdpnixgaby" Xkdyd npd xvagmzapxnbx zkwyginc zpazdpxgdy eap iknpnixdpg gbf macditcnp iam-zaygxgaby nx xkd gbxdpenid# ynwy Xonkoaba" Znpnikap pdcnxdy xkdydxva zpazdpxgdy nbh xkdpdeapd inb `d tydh xa deedixgudcw hdyipg`dytpenid iamzaygxgab"

Vkgcd znpnikap mahdcy knud d{gyxdh eap ncmayx n idbxtpw#xkdgp tyd kny `ddb cgmgxdh htd xa xkd gbd{nixbdyy ae hdyipg`gbf

ytpenid macditcnp uactmd" Xkd pdydnpikdpy xtpbdh xa hdbygxw# nenixap zpazapxgabnc xa uactmd# xa yacud xkgy zpa`cdm" Gb xkd `tcl ae n `gbnpw cg~tgh# hdbygxw inb `d mdnytpdh d{nixcw ny n etbixgabae iamzaygxgab" Ytpenid hdbygxgdy npd knphdp xa hdxdpmgbd# `tx

Xonkoaba nbh Fnpcnbh pdncg dh xknx xkdw inb `d hdhtidh mnxkdmnxginccw gb n vnw ygmgcnp xa xkd `tcl# cdnhgbf xa n bdv ytpemacditcnp uactmd d{zpdyygab"

Xkd mahgegdh znpnikap mahdc zdpeapmdh ecnvcdyycw nbhzpahtidh xkdapdxginc ytpenid iamzaygxgaby xknx icaydcw mnxikdlbavb d{zdpgmdbxnc hnxn# ba mnxxdp kav bab-ghdnccw xkd `gbnpcg~tgh dknudh" Tygbf xkd mahdc# xkd pdydnpikdpy pdyacudh ygfbginbx ytpenid dbpgikmdbxy deedixy gb apfnbgi kwhpainp`abvnxdmg{xtpdyn egbhgbf xknx iatch knud gmzcginxgaby gb pdnc-vapcdbfgbddpgbf zpa`cdmy# baxdy Xonkoaba"

>" Xonkoaba# M" % Fnpcnbh# M" N bdv mahgegdh znpnikap mahdc eapzpdhgixgbf ytpenid iamzaygxgaby ae gbnpw cg~tgh mg{xtpdy" Ab xkd

gmzapxnbid ae ytpenid uactmd pdzpdydbxnxgab" Oatpbnc a Iaccagh

nbh Gbxdp nid Yigdbid 984 # 40;496 +0:>:'"

g Y x a i l z k a x a ! z p g c c

Hdbygxw-`nydh mdxkahy ap iknpnixdpg gbf macditcnp uactmd pdudnc kav cg~tgh mg{xtpdy `dknud nx gbxdp nidy


24/92


00 N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>

Fpddb ikdmgyxpw

Fagbf cdnh-epdd gy dnyw

Cdnh gpiabnxd xgxnbnxd +Z_X' idpnmgiy npd kgfk-zdpeapmnbidzgd adcdixpgi mnxdpgncy xknx fdbdpnxd n uacxnfd gb pdyzabyd xa nbnzzcgdh yxpdyy# nbh iknbfd yknzd gb pdyzabyd xa nb nzzcgdh uacxnfd" Xkdw npd nb gbxdfpnc iamzabdbx ae n vghd pnbfd ae dcdixpabgihdugidy# gbicthgbf ydbyapy# xpnbyeapmdpy nbh cathyzdnldpy"Zpdugaty yxthgdy knud ykavb xknx zgd adcdixpgi mnxdpgncy hgyzcnw xkd `dyx zgd adcdixpgi zdpeapmnbid vkdb xkdgp iamzaygxgab gy icaydxa n xpnbygxgab pdfgab inccdh xkd mapzkaxpazgi zknyd `atbhnpw +MZ@'" Gb xkd inyd ae Z_X idpnmgiy# xkd MZ@ yxnxd d~tnxdy xa niamzaygxgab ae 5:$ cdnh `w vdgfkx" Kavdudp# xkd zpahtixgab nbhhgyzaync ae mnxdpgncy vgxk ytik n kgfk cdnh iabxdbx zayd ydpgaty

xkpdnxy xa ktmnb kdncxk nbh xkd dbugpabmdbx"Yahgtm zaxnyygtm bga`nxd +BLB' idpnmgiy npd n zpamgy-gbf cdnh-epdd yt`yxgxtxd eap Z_X# knugbf nb MZ@ iamzaygxgabae d~tnc znpxy yahgtm nbh zaxnyygtm" Tbeapxtbnxdcw# xkd kgfkxdmzdpnxtpdy pd~tgpdh eap iabudbxgabnc ywbxkdygy ae BLBidpnmgiy uacnxgcg dy xkd zaxnyygtm nxamy nbh inb xkdpdeapd needixxkd yahgtm-xa-zaxnyygtm pnxga" Xkdyd zpaidyydy npd ncya xgmd-iabytmgbf nbh gbuacud mnbw yxdzy# gbicthgbf zpd-mg{gbf# `ncc-mgccgbf# incigbnxgab nbh ygbxdpgbf"

Fpdfapw Fak nbh Nc`dpxty H" Knbhala nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Mnxdpgncy Pdydnpik nbh Dbfgbddpgbf> knud bav hdmabyxpnxdh n kwhpaxkdpmnc zpaidyy eap xkd ywbxkdygy ae BLBidpnmgiy" Xkd kwhpaxkdpmnc mdxkah gy bax abcw nb dbugpabmdb-xnccw epgdbhcw# cav-iayx xdikbg~td# gx gy ncya ncpdnhw vghdcw tydhxa ywbxkdyg d bnbayxptixtpdh mnxdpgncy" Xkd pdydnpikdpy nhhdhbga`gtm zdbxa{ghd xa nb n~tdaty mg{xtpd ae zaxnyygtm nbhyahgtm kwhpa{ghdy nbh nccavdh xkdm xa pdnix gb n zpdyytpd iaaldpnx 0:: I eap 08 katpy" Vkdb xkd pdnixgab dbhdh# xkdw vnykdhxkd zpdigzgxnxdh zavhdpy vgxk hdgabg dh vnxdp nbh xkdb hpgdh xkdyacghy gb ngp"

[-pnw hgeepnixgab yxthgdy pdudncdh xknx BLB zavhdpy vgxkicayd xa xkd MZ@ iamzaygxgab iatch gbhddh `d a`xngbdh kwhpa-xkdpmnccw# d{idzx xknx xkd yacghy vdpd n mg{ ae BLB nbh yahgtm

bga`nxd" Xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx kdnxgbf xkd mg{dh zknyd nx;:: I eap xva katpy fnud n ygbfcd-zknyd BLB zavhdp vgxk niamzaygxgab zpnixginccw nx xkd MZ@" Xkd egbhgbf ytffdyxy xknxnb nxamgi d{iknbfd zpaidyy `dxvddb xkd zaxnyygtm nbh yahgtm

nxamy knh aiitppdhygmgcnp xa xknx vkgik aiitpy htpgbf incigbn-xgab gb iabudbxgabnc zpaidyydy"

Xkd a`ydpunxgab xknx BLB yacgh yactxgaby inb `d ywbxkdyg dnx iamzaygxgaby icayd xa xkd MZ@ mdnby xknx cdnh-epdd zgd adxpgi xkgb egcmy inb ncya `d mnhd `w xkgy yactxgab xdikbg~td# yFak" Xkgy etpxkdp d{xdbhy xkd zaxdbxgnc ae xkgy ywbxkdygy mdny xkgb egcmy npd dyydbxgnc eap mgbgnxtpg dh hdugidy"

>" Knbhala# N" H" % Fak# F" L" C" Kwhpaxkdpmnc ywbxkdygy ae yahgtm

zaxnyygtm bga`nxd yacgh yactxgaby nx 0:: I" Fpddb Ikdmgyxpw

>0# 5;:5;6 +0:>:'"

Zkaxafpnzk ae xkd yxngbcdyy yxddc pdnixap tydh eap xkd kwhpaxkdpmncywbxkdygy ae BLB zgd adcdixpgi idpnmgiy" Xkd kwhpaxkdpmnc zpaidyygy ygmzcd# enyx nbh iabytmdy mtik cdyy dbdpfw xknb iabudbxgabncmdxkahy eap zpdznpgbf cdnh-epdd zgd adcdixpgi mnxdpgncy"

Kwhpaxkdpmnc ywbxkdygy a dpy nb dnygdp patxd xa cdnh- pdd zgd adcdixpgi mnxdpgncy


25/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY

09N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>

Mgipaetghgiy

N ymncc mg{-tz

Mgipaectghgiy gy xkd xdikbacafw ae hdygfbgbf nbh en`pginxgbfhdugidy xa mnbgztcnxd xgbw yxpdnmy ae ectghy" Gb xkd znyx hdinhd#yigdbxgyxy knud hdudcazdh n unpgdxw ae mgipaectghgi hdugidy eaptyd gb ikdmginc ywbxkdygy nbh `gacafginc nbncwygy" Xkdyd mgipa-ectghgi hdugidy aexdb txgcg d nb gbxpginxd bdxvapl ae iknbbdcynbh pdnixgab iknm`dpy xa mg{ hgeedpdbx xwzdy ae ectghy nx nzpdigyd pnxga" Mnbw yxthgdy nyydyy xkd mg{gbf zdpeapmnbid ae mgipaectghgi hdugidy tygbf ectghy vgxk ygmgcnp zpazdpxgdygbpdnc-cged nzzcginxgaby# kavdudp# xkd zpazdpxgdy ae ectghy tydh inb unpw xpdmdbhatycw"

Ktnbmgbf [gn nx xkd N/YXNP Ygbfnzapd Gbyxgxtxd ae

Mnbtenixtpgbf Xdikbacafw nbh ia-vapldpy>

knud bav hdudc-azdh n mgipaectghgi hdugid eap mg{gbf ectghy vgxk hgeedpdbx ugyiaygxgdy" Xkd mgipaectghgi hdugid +zgixtpdh' ednxtpdy n tbg~tdbdxvapl ae gbxdpiabbdixdh iknbbdcy nbh igpitcnp iknm`dpy xknxxpgffdpy gbyxn`gcgxgdy gb xkd ectgh ecav" Xkdyd gbyxn`gcgxgdy nhhtz xa zpahtid n xtp`tcdbx ecav xknx hpnmnxginccw gmzpaudy xkdmg{gbf ae ectghy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy dunctnxdh xkd zdpeapmnbid ae xkdgp mgipaect-ghgi hdugid gb mg{gbf fcwidpac nbh yahgtm kwhpa{ghd +BnAK'#ectghy vgxk n 5;:-each hgeedpdbid gb ugyiaygxw" Xkdw ghdbxgegdhiknbfdy gb xkd ectgh gbxdpenid ny fcwidpac nbh BnAK maud ncabfxkd mgipaectghgi hdugid"

@w nhhgbf n zK gbhginxap xa xkd fcwidpac xknx xtpby pdhtzab mg{gbf vgxk BnAK# xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx vkdbfcwidpac nbh BnAK mdx tz gbgxgnccw# xkd gbxdpenid `dxvddb xkdxva ectghy vny pdcnxgudcw ymaaxk# mdnbgbf xknx xkdpd vny cgxxcdmg{gbf" Kavdudp# vkdb xkd ectghy dbxdpdh xkd gbxdpiabbdixdhiknbbdcy# xkd ectgh gbxdpenid `dinmd baxn`cw tbyxn`cd# gbhginxgbfyxpabf mg{gbf"

Xkd gbxdpiabbdixdh iknbbdcy knh znpxy yzcgxxgbf cnpfdpyxpdnm ae ectghy gbxa ymnccdp yxpdnmy# nbh znpxy mdpfgbf ymnccdpyxpdnmy ae ectghy gbxa cnpfdp yxpdnmy" Xkd yzcgxxgbf-nbh-mdpfgbfzpaidyy eapidh xkd ectgh gbxdpenid xa `pdnl tz nbh pdiam`gbd gb

n pnbham nbh iknaxgi mnbbdp" Etpxkdpmapd# vkdb xkd ectghydbxdpdh xkd igpitcnp iknm`dpy# xkd ythhdb iknbfd gb ecav hgpdi-xgab nbh yzddh eapidh xkd ectgh gbxdpenid xa d{znbh nbh `diamdmapd tbyxn`cd"

N cnpfd ugyiaygxw iabxpnyx tytnccw pdxnphy xkd mg{gbf ae eKavdudp# gx inb `d xtpbdh gbxa n zaygxgud enixap ny ugyiaty ecagbyxn`gcgxgdy inb `d zpahtidh vgxk yzdignccw hdygfbdh iabegftpnxgaby" Xkd itppdbx hdygfb mnw `d gbxdfpnxdh gbxa n mgipaectghywyxdm xa mddx xkd mg{gbf pd~tgpdmdbxy eap unpgaty nzzcgxgaby# ynwy [gn"

Xkd mgipaectghgi hdugid iatch mg{ fcwidpac nbh BnAK dudbnx cav ecav pnxdy" @dyx ae ncc# xkd mgipaectghgi hdugid hadypd~tgpd dbdpfw xa azdpnxd nbh kny xkd `dbdegx ae cav en`pginxgiayx" Xkd pdydnpikdpy `dcgdud xknx xkd bdv mgipaectghgi hdug vgcc egbh tyd gb mnbw nzzcginxgaby# ytik ny xkd eapmtcnxgab zacwmdpy# iaymdxgiy# eaah nbh `dudpnfdy"

>" [gn# K" M"# Vnbf# _" Z"# Lak# W" [" % Mnw# L" X" N mgipaectghgi mg{dp

vgxk ydce-d{igxdh xtp`tcdbx ectgh maxgab eap vghd ugyiaygxw pnxga

nzzcginxgaby" Cn` ab n Ikgz >: # >6>0>6>5 +0:>:'"

Zkaxafpnzk ae n mgipaectghgi hdugid eap mg{gbf ectghy vgxk cnpfd ugy-iaygxw iabxpnyx"

Gbyxn`gcgxw gy xkd ldw xa mg{gbf tghy vgxk mnpldhcw hg dpdbx ugyiaygxgdy gbmgipa tghgi hdugidy


26/92



Mdxnmnxdpgncy

Hdygfbdh eap n pdyzabyd

Xdpnkdpx pnhgnxgabn xwzd ae dcdixpamnfbdxgi pnhgnxgab xknxenccy `dxvddb mgipavnud nbh gbepnpdhinb znyy xkpatfk n unpgdxw ae bab-iabhtixgbf mnxdpgncy# ytik ny icaxkgbf# vaah nbhzcnyxgi" Xdpnkdpx pnhgnxgab gy xkdpdeapd ghdnc eap mdhginc gmnfgbfnbh yditpgxw yipddbgbf# nbh gy zdpedix eap iammtbginxgab nbhnyxpabamw `dintyd ae gxy n`gcgxw xa zdbdxpnxd xkpatfk eaf nbhicath" Kavdudp# xdpnkdpx -`nbh xdikbacafw kny n etbhnmdbxnc vdnlbdyy? hdxdixgbf xdpnkdpx ygfbncy gy ncmayx gmzayyg`cd tygbfiabudbxgabnc mnxdpgncy `dintyd ytik mnxdpgncy ha bax fdbdpnxd xkdhdygpdh dcdixpamnfbdxgi pdyzabyd" Eap xkgy pdnyab# mnbw yigdbxgyxyknud xtpbdh xa npxgegignc mnxdpgncy eap nbyvdpy"

Mdxnmnxdpgncy npd npxgegignccw hdygfbdh mnxdpgncy vgxk d{xpnap-

hgbnpw dcdixpamnfbdxgi zpazdpxgdy" Xkdw npd hdygfbdh nbh en`pg-inxdh tygbf zdpgahgi mgipayxptixtpdy gb ytik n vnw ny xa gbxdpnix vgxk nbh mnbgztcnxd dcdixpamnfbdxgi pnhgnxgab" Mayx yigdbxgyxygbuacudh gb mdxnmnxdpgncy pdydnpik npd eaitygbf ab tygbf xkdxdikbacafw eap mnlgbf gbugyg`gcgxw icanly nbh zdpedix cdbydy# `txxkdpd gy mtik mapd xknx mdxnmnxdpgncy inb ha" Yamd yxthgdy knudhdmabyxpnxdh xkd zayyg`gcgxw ae nikgdugbf nb dcdixpamnfbdxgipdyzabyd xa xdpnkdpx vnudy gb mdxnmnxdpgncy `w ncxdpgbf xkdhgmdbygaby ae xkd yinxxdpgbf dcdmdbxy# inccdh yzcgx pgbf pdyabn-xapy +YPPy'" Kavdudp# ya enp ytik yxthgdy knud abcw nikgdudh xkgyxwzd ae pdyzabyd eap pnhgavnud# mgipavnud# gbepnpdh nbh ugyg`cd vnudcdbfxkybax eap xdpnkdpx pnhgnxgab"

Pdydnpikdpy nx xkd N/YXNP Hnxn Yxapnfd Gbyxgxtxd nbh xkdBnxgabnc Tbgudpygxw ae Ygbfnzapd> knud bav dbknbidh xkd dcdi-xpamnfbdxgi pdyzabyd ae mdxnmnxdpgncy gb xkd xdpnkdpx pdfgmd`w nppnwgbf YPPy ae unpgaty yg dy gb xkd ynmd mdxnmnxdpgnc +yddgmnfd'" Xa en`pginxd xkd mdxnmnxdpgncy# xkd pdydnpikdpy znxxdpbdhygcgiab yt`yxpnxdy `w zkaxacgxkafpnzkw xa eapm zcnbnp nppnwy ae YPPy# nbh xkdb nzzcgdh n cgex-aee zpaidyy xa a`xngb xkd mdxnmnxd-pgnc gb gxy tyn`cd eapm" Tygbf xdpnkdpx xgmd-hamngb yzdixpayiazw xa mdnytpd xkd dcdixpamnfbdxgi pdyzabydy ae mdxnmnxdpgncy vgxk unpgaty YPP znxxdpby# xkdw eatbh xknx xkd pdyabnbx pdyzabyd ae kw`pgh mdxnmnxdpgncy iabygyxgbf ae YPPy ae unpgaty yg dy vny tz

xa 958 xgmdy xknx ae mdxnmnxdpgncy mnhd tz ae tbgeapm YPPy" Xkd xpnbymgyygab yzdixpn ae xkd kw`pgh mdxnmnxdpgncy ykavdh

`panh pdyabnbid zdnly# hdmabyxpnxgbf xknx xkd mnxdpgnc pdyzabhy xa

xdpnkdpx pnhgnxgab gb n vnw xknx iatch `d tydh eap ygfbnc hdxdix Xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx xkd iknpnixdpgyxgiy ae xkd pdyabnbx z vdpd hdzdbhdbx bax abcw ab xkd yg dy ae xkd YPPy# tx ncya ab xkydznpnxgab dxvddb xkdm? pdyabnbx zdnly dinmd panhdp ny YPP vdpd `patfkx icaydp xa dnik axkdp" Iamztxdp ygmtcnxgaby ykavdhxknx xkdpd vny yxpabf mtxtnc iatzcgbf dxvddb nhonidbx YPPy"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy iatch xtbd xkd pdyabnbx pdyzabyd `w unpwgbxkd YPP hdygfbn baudc nzzpanik xa pdncg gbf xtbn`cd nbhydbygxgud mdxnmnxdpgncy eap hdxdixgbf xdpnkdpx pnhgnxgab

>" Cgm# I" Y"dx nc" Kw`pgh mdxnmnxdpgnc hdygfb nbh en`pginxgab eapxdpnkdpx pdyabnbid pdyzabyd dbknbidmdbx" Azxgi D{zpdyy

>; # >080>>0807 +0:>:'"

Xva d{nmzcdy ae kw`pgh mdxnmnxdpgncy iabygyxgbf ae n zcnbnp nppnw aeyzcgx pgbf pdyabnxapy ae unpgaty yg dy"

Kw`pgh hdygfby iatch fpdnxcw dbknbid xkd pdyabnbx pdyzabyd a xdpnkdpxmdxnmnxdpgncy

0 : > : A Y N


27/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


@gamnxdpgncy

Cnydpy mnld xkd itx

Xkd pdzngp ae apfnby# ytik ny ktmnb lghbdw nbh cgudp# kgbfdyab xkd hdudcazmdbx ae xkpdd-hgmdbygabnc +9H' xgyytd yineeachy vgxk vdcc-hdegbdh mgipayxptixtpdy" Nbhpdv Vnb# Onilgd W" Wgbfnbh ia-vapldpy nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae @gadbfgbddpgbfnbh Bnbaxdikbacafw knud bav hdudcazdh n zkaxacgxkafpnzkw mdxkah xknx inb `d tydh xa en`pginxd mgipayxptixtpdh 9H xgyytdmnxdpgncy vgxk kgfk zpdigygab>"

Egbd mgipayxptixtpdy npd gmzapxnbx ny xkdw nccav ty xa `dxxdphdegbd xkd gbxdpnixgaby `dxvddb idccy# vkgik gb xtpb cdnhy xa`dxxdp yineeach etbixgab# ynwy Vnb"

Xwzginc nzzpanikdy eap xkd en`pginxgab ae yineeachy gbuacud

zkwyginc zpaidyydy xknx cdnh xa zaapcw hdegbdh nbh kdxdpafd-bdaty zapd fdamdxpw" Abd vnw xa pdyacud xkgy gyytd gy xa nzzcw cnwdp-`w-cnwdp mdxkahy# ytik ny yaex cgxkafpnzkw# xa eapm cnwdpdhyxptixtpdy vgxk mgipayiazgi gbxdpbnc znxxdpby" Kavdudp# xkdpdytcxgbf mnxdpgncy cnil xkd egbd yxptixtpd hdygpdh eap nhunbidhxgyytd dbfgbddpgbf"

Vnb nbh kgy xdnm hdudcazdh n xva-zkaxab cnydp yinbbgbfzkaxacgxkafpnzkw xdikbg~td xa zpahtid yineeachy vgxk egbdpmgipayxptixtpdy xknb inb `d nikgdudh tygbf zpdugaty nzzpanikdy" Xkd pdydnpikdpy nhnzxdh hdygfb nbh mnbtenixtpgbf yaexvnpdeap xkd ipdnxgab ae mgipayiazgi a`odixy xa xkd iabudpygab ae nhpnvgbf ae n yineeach gbxa hgfgxnc gbeapmnxgab" Xknx gbeapmn-xgab gy xkdb xpnbycnxdh gbxa nb nixtnc yineeach tygbf xkd cnydpyinbbgbf zpaidyy" Xkd xva-zkaxab cnydp d{igxdy ipayycgbln`cdmacditcdy gb xkd zacwmdp xa eapm n hdbyd zacwmdp bdxvapl xknxpdzcginxdy xkd iamztxdpg dh hdygfb" Xkd yineeach inb xkdb `da`xngbdh `w vnykgbf nvnw xkd tbpdnixdh macditcdy tygbf nbapfnbgi yacudbx"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy ytiidyyetccw tydh xkdgp nzzpanik xa en`pginxdn ymncc it`d iamzaydh ae mgipayiazgi zapdy gb otyx xva katpy" Xkd yineeach pdzpahtidh xkd apgfgbnc hdygfb vgxk kgfk pdyact-xgab nbh eghdcgxw# nbh vny ncya kgfkcw xpnbyznpdbx nbh dnygcw a`ydpudh `w ectapdyidbid mgipayiazwn `aab eap mabgxapgbf

idcc yddhgbf" Xkd pdydnpikdpy dunctnxdh xkd zdpeapmnbid ae xkd zapaty it`d

eap cgudp xgyytd dbfgbddpgbf nbh hgyiaudpdh xknx zpgmnpw cgudpidccy# ap kdznxaiwxdy# itcxtpdh ab xkd yineeach d{kg`gxdh faah

idcc nxxnikmdbx# ugn`gcgxw nbh idccidcc gbxdpnixgaby +ydd gEtpxkdpmapd# tbcgld idccy yddhdh ab ecnx zacwmdp ytpenidy# xkkdznxaiwxdy zpahtidh mapd ae xkd cgudp-yzdigegi iamzatbhync`tmgb nbh tpdn"

Ny iamzcd{ apfnby ytik ny xkd cgudp iabygyx ae mapd xknbabd idcc xwzd# xkd pdydnpikdpy npd itppdbxcw caalgbf gbxa vnwdmzcawgbf mgipayxptixtpdh yineeachy xa zpahtid znxxdpbdh ia-itcxtpdy ae idccy" Xkdyd 9H yznxgnccw hdegbdh ia-itcxtpdy vatcnccav ty xa `dxxdp pdzpahtid xkd etbixgab ae xkd xgyytd ap apfnbxknx vd vatch cgld xa dbfgbddp# ynwy Vnb" Xkd pdydnpikdpy nhxknx xkgy xdikbg~td vatch `d znpxgitcnpcw tydetc eap yxthwgbidcchptf gbxdpnixgaby nbh hdudcazgbf deedixgud xkdpnzgdy"

>" Kygdk# X" M"# Bf# I" V" @"# Bnpnwnbnb# L"# Vnb# N" I" N" % Wgbf# O" W"

Xkpdd-hgmdbygabnc mgipayxptixtpdh xgyytd yineeachy en`pginxdh w

xva-zkaxab cnydp yinbbgbf zkaxacgxkafpnzkw" @gamnxdpgncy 9># 658;6540 +0:>:'"

0 : > : D c y d u g d p

>:: m

Zkaxacgxkafpnzkw tygbf n xva-zkaxab cnydp mnldy gx zayyg`cd xa zpahtid zpdigyd mgipayxptixtpdh yin achy ap xgyytd dbfgbddpgbf

N ectapdyidbid mgipayiazw gmnfd ae kdznxaiwxdy fpavgbf ab n mgipa-yxptixtpdh xkpdd-hgmdbygabnc yineeach en`pginxdh w xva-zkaxab cnydpyinbbgbf zkaxacgxkafpnzkw"


28/92



g Y x a i l z k a x a " i a m ! Y z g h d p y x a i l

Dbugpabmdbxnc yigdbid

Zgil watp zcnyxgi `nf

Zcnyxgi `nfy knud `diamd nb gbxdfpnc znpx ae atp hngcw cgudy# tydheap dudpwxkgbf epam fpaidpw ykazzgbf xa zpahtix znilnfgbf" Xkd mnyygud zpahtixgab ae zcnyxgi `nfy# kavdudp# iabytmdy unyx ~tnbxgxgdy ae bab-pdbdvn`cd pdyatpidy# gbicthgbf ipthd agcnbh bnxtpnc fny" Pdzcnigbf iabudbxgabnc zcnyxgiy vgxk `gazcny-xgiyzcnyxgiy hdpgudh epam pdbdvn`cd `gamnyy ytik ny udfdxn`cdyxnpikgy abd vnw xa pdhtid atp pdcgnbid ab eayygc etdcy# `txxkd dbugpabmdbxnc `dbdegxy nbh hpnv`nily ae xnlgbf ytik n yxdzknud `ddb tbicdnp" Kygdb Ktg Lkaa nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxd ae Ikdmginc nbh Dbfgbddpgbf Yigdbidy nbh ia-vapldpy> knud bav iabhtixdh n cged iwicd nyydyymdbx +CIN' xa gbudyxgfnxd vkdxkdp

xkd tyd ae `gazcnyxgi `nfy gy gbhddh faah eap xkd dbugpabmdbx"CIN gy n xdikbg~td tydh eap nbncw gbf xkd dbugpabmdbxncgmznixy nyyaignxdh vgxk ncc yxnfdy ae n mnbtenixtpgbf zpaidyy#nbh gbuacudy iamzgcgbf nb gbudbxapw ae xkd dbdpfw nbh pdyatpidyiabytmdh nbh dmgyygaby nbh vnyxd fdbdpnxdh gb xkd zpahtixgabae n znpxgitcnp zpahtix" Xkd pdydnpikdpy tydh CIN gb xkdgp yxthw xa iamznpd xkd `dbdegxy ae tygbf zacwkwhpa{wnclnbanxd +ZKN'`nfy gmzapxdh epam xkd TYN vgxk xkayd ae tygbf zacwdxkwcdbd`nfy zpahtidh cainccw gb Ygbfnzapd"

Zacwdxkwcdbd gy itppdbxcw xkd mayx vghdcw tydh mnxdpgnceap mnlgbf zcnyxgi `nfy" Xkd zpahtixgab ae zacwdxkwcdbd `nfypd~tgpdy xkd d{xpnixgab nbh pdegbgbf ae eayygc etdcy# xkd iabudpygabae eayygc etdcy gbxa zacwdxkwcdbd# nbh xkd d{xptygab ae zacwdxkwcdbd gbxa zcnyxgi `nfy" Xkd pdydnpikdpy dyxgmnxd xknx >"00 lfae ipthd agc# :"8 lgcafpnmy ae bnxtpnc fny nbh 8; mdfnoatcdy ae dbdpfw npd bddhdh xa mnld > lgcafpnm ae zacwdxkwcdbd `nfy"

ZKN# ab xkd axkdp knbh# gy n gazcnyxgi mnhd epam iapbyxnpik" Xkd zpahtixgab ae ZKN nfy gbuacudy iapb itcxgunxgab# knpudyx-gbf# vdx mgccgbf nbh edpmdbxnxgab" Xkd pdydnpikdpy dyxgmnxd xknx8";5 lgcafpnm ae iapb nbh ;> mdfnoatcdy ae dbdpfw npd bddhdhxa zpahtid > lgcafpnm ae ZKN nfy" Xa xkdgp ytpzpgyd# Lkaa nbhkgy xdnm eatbh xknx xkd dbdpfw iabytmdh gb xkd zpahtixgab ae ZKN `nfy gy 57$ kgfkdp xknb xknx eap zacwdxkwcdbd `nfy"

Ncxkatfk iapb fpavgbf inb kdcz aeeydx inp`ab dmgyygaby ugnzkaxaywbxkdygy# xkd pdydnpikdpy eatbh xknx ZKN `nf zpahti-xgab pd~tgpdy kgfkdp dbdpfw gbztx htpgbf zpahtixgab iamznpdhxa zacwdxkwcdbd `nf zpahtixgab" Xkdpdeapd# ZKN `nfy inb `d

iabyghdpdh xa `d dbugpabmdbxnccw epgdbhcw abcw ge xkd dbzpahtixgab zpaidyy gy zdpeapmdh tygbf pdbdvn`cd dbdpfw"

Xkd pdydnpikdpy intxgab xknx `deapd `ga-`nydh mnxdpgncy in`d pdfnphdh ny ytyxngbn`cd ncxdpbnxgudy xa iabudbxgabnc zcnyn edv iknccdbfdy knud xa `d audpiamd" Xkd mngb gyytd cgdy gpdhtigbf xkd dbdpfw hdmnbhy ae xkd iabudpygab ae `gamnyy gbxazcnyxgi-cgld zpazdpxgdy# ynwy Lkaa"

>" Lkaa# K" K"# Xnb# @" K" X" % Ikbf# L" V" C" Dbugpabmdbxnc gmznixy

ae iabudbxgabnc zcnyxgi nbh ga-`nydh inppgdp nfy" Gbxdpbnxgabnc

Oatpbnc a Cg d Iwicd Nyydyymdbx >4# 0;8079 +0:>:'"

N cg d iwicd nyydyymdbx yxthw ykdhy cgfkx ab xkd dbugpabmdbxnc `dbd xynbh hpnv`nily a tygbf `gazcnyxgi `nfy


29/92

PDYDNPIK KGFKCGFKXY


Hnxn yxapnfd

D{zcapd bdv hgmdbygaby

Xva-hgmdbygabnc mnfbdxgi pdiaphgbf +XHMP' gy n hnxn yxapnfdnpikgxdixtpd xknx kny pdidbxcw `ddb zpazaydh ny n vnw xa `aayxxkd mnfbdxgi `gx hdbygxw gb knph hgyl hpgudy" Lkdabf Ynbb Iknbnx xkd N/YXNP Hnxn Yxapnfd Gbyxgxtxd nbh ia-vapldpy> knudhdudcazdh nbh xdyxdh n iknbbdc mahdc xknx nccavy pdncgyxgi nbhiamztxnxgabnccw deegigdbx ygmtcnxgab ae xkd pdiaphgbf zpaidyygb XHMP ywyxdmy# xnlgbf gbxa niiatbx xkd mnfbdxgi mdhgnymnfbdxg nxgab hwbnmgiy"

Gx kny `diamd gbipdnygbfcw hgeegitcx xa pngyd hnxn yxapnfdinznigxw nbh zdpeapmnbid `w havbyincgbf xkd mnfbdxgi fpngbyxknx iamzpgyd mnfbdxgi pdiaphgbf mdhgn `dintyd nx ytik ymncc

yincdy xkd mnfbdxg nxgab apgdbxnxgab xknx dbiahdy xkd hnxn `gxy`diamd xkdpmnccw tbyxn`cd" Gbipdnygbf xkd mnfbdxgi `gx hdbygxw ncya pdytcxy gb n cavdp ygfbnc-xa-bagyd pnxga nbh gbxdp-xpnil gbxdpedpdbidxkd gbn`gcgxw ae pdnh!vpgxd kdnhy xa hgeedpdbxgnxd`dxvddb gbhgughtnc xpnily ab xkd pduacugbf hgyl hpgud zcnxxdpy"

Xkd XHMP npikgxdixtpd ngmy xa igpitmudbx xkdyd gyytdy `w dmzcawgbf n xpnil-audpcnzzgbf vpgxgbf mdxkah inccdh ykgbfcdh vpgxgbf ny vdcc ny mapd zavdpetc `tx iamzcd{ xva-hgmdbygabnc+0H' hdxdixgab nbh dppap-iappdixgab iahgbf yikdmdy" Xkd mngbiknccdbfdy eap XHMP gbuacud hdxdpmgbgbf xkd inznigxw cgmgxyae n ytgxn`cd 0H mnfbdxgi pdiaphgbf iknbbdc nbh hdudcaz-gbf dbiahgbf nbh hdiahgbf ncfapgxkmy nbh hdxdixapy xknx inbnzzpanik xkayd cgmgxy vkgcd nx xkd ynmd xgmd xnlgbf niiatbx ae xkd pdiaphgbf mdhgtmy mgipayiazgi mnfbdxgi `dknugap"

Iknb nbh kgy ia-vapldpy hdudcazdh n fpngb ecgzzgbf zpa`-n`gcgxw +FEZ' mahdc xknx inb hpnmnxginccw ykapxdb xkd xgmdpd~tgpdh xa ygmtcnxd xkd mgipayincd `dknugap ae XHMP ywyxdmyepam hnwy xa otyx ydiabhy" Xkd mahdcy mngb ztpzayd gy xapdzpahtid xkd mayx pdncgyxgi vnudeapmy zayyg`cd xkpatfk mgipa-mnfbdxgi ygmtcnxgaby# nx yzddhy xknx ygmtcnxgaby inbbax mnxik#ynwy Iknb"

Mgipamnfbdxgi ygmtcnxgaby yacud hgeedpdbxgnc d~tnxgabybtmdpginccw xa hdxdpmgbd xkd mnfbdxg nxgab hwbnmgiy ae

mnfbdxgi fpngby gb xkd zpdydbid ae n xgmd-unpwgbf mnfbdxgi egdch#ytik ny xknx epam n vpgxd kdnh" Niiaphgbf xa Iknb# ncxkatfkmgipamnfbdxgi ygmtcnxgaby npd xkd mayx pdncgyxgi vnw xa mahdcxkd `dknugap ae fpnbtcnp mnfbdxgi mdhgn# ytik mdxkahy npd xaa

xgmd-iabytmgbf eap tyd gb iknbbdc ygmtcnxgaby ny xkdw pd~tgpmgccgaby# ap dudb `gccgaby# ae hnxn `gxy xa `d ygmtcnxdh"

Xkd FEZ mahdc pd~tgpdy nb gbgxgnccw iamztxnxgabnccw gbxygud iknpnixdpg nxgab zknyd# `tx yt`yd~tdbxcw zpaughdy ennbh niitpnxd 0H pdnh`nil vnudeapmy xknx gbicthd xkd deedixyinzxtpdh epam mgipamnfbdxgi ygmtcnxgaby nbh yxnxgyxginc deehdpgudh epam xkd fpnbtcnpgxw ae xkd pdiaphgbf mdhgtm gxy+ydd gmnfd'" Xkd pdydnpikdpy knud hdmabyxpnxdh xkd udpynxae xkdgp mahdc `w gmzcdmdbxgbf nbh xdyxgbf xkpdd pdnh iknbbhdxdixapy `nydh ab xkd FEZ XHMP nzzpanik"

>" Iknb# L" Y"dx nc"Iknbbdc mahdcy nbh hdxdixapy eap xva-

hgmdbygabnc mnfbdxgi pdiaphgbf" GDDD Xpnbynixgaby ab Mnfbdxgiy85 # ;:8;>> +0:>:'"

Nb nhunbidh iknbbdc mahdc mnw kdcz ztyk xkd inznigxw cgmgxy a txtpdmnfbdxgi pdiaphgbf mdhgn

Mnfbdxg nxgab zpaegcdy incitcnxdh tygbf xkd FEZ mahdc eap n egbd-fpngbdh mnfbdxgi mdhgtm" Pdh nbh c td pdzpdydbx azzaygxd zacnpgxgdyae mnfbdxg nxgab# nbh vkgxd nppavy gbhginxd xkd zacnpgxw ae xkd vpgx-xdb gxy"


30/92


0; N/YXNP PDYDNPIK AIXA@DP 0:>: MNPIK 0:>>

Zacwmdp ikdmgyxpw

Pnhginc zpdhgixgaby

Epdd pnhgincy mnw knud n `nh pdztxnxgab eap intygbf a abdhdzcdxgab nbh zpdmnxtpd nfgbf# `tx xkdw npd gb enix d{xpdmdcw tydetc eap mnlgbf baudc mnxdpgncy# znpxgitcnpcw zacwmdpy" Ylgccdhikdmgyxy inb cgbl tz n vghd pnbfd ae epdd pnhgincy gbxa cabf-ikngb zacwmdpy tygbf n xdikbg~td inccdh nxam xpnbyedp pnhginczacwmdpg nxgab +NXPZ'" Tygbf hgeedpdbx mdxnc inxncwyxy# abd inbzpdigydcw iabxpac xkd pnxdy ae zacwmdpg nxgab nbh xdpmgbnxgabnbh xkdpdeapd xkd npikgxdixtpd nbh etbixgabncgxw ae xkd zacwmdp"

En`ga hg Cdbn nbh Ikpgyxgbn Ikng nx xkd N/YXNP Gbyxgxtxdae Ikdmginc nbh Dbfgbddpgbf Yigdbidy> knud bav zdpeapmdhxkd egpyx-dudp xkdapdxginc mahdcgbf ae iazzdp-inxncw dh NXPZ

xa d{zcngb ~tnbxgxnxgudcw kav pnhginc zacwmdpg nxgab pnxdy npdgbectdbidh `w macditcnp yxptixtpdy nbh zpazdpxgdycnwgbfatx n ipgxginc panhmnz eap xkd zpahtixgab ae bd{x-fdbdpnxgabzacwmdp mnxdpgncy"

Xkd ytiidyy ae nb NXPZ pdnixgab hdzdbhy ab kav vdcc xkdmdxnc inxncwyx fdbdpnxdy nbh hdnixgunxdy apfnbgi pnhgincy `w gbxdpmgxxdbxcw yxdncgbf ap fgugbf tz dcdixpaby" Ge pnhginc zpa-htixgab gy xaa enyx# xkd zacwmdpg nxgab yxazy# vkgcd yctffgyknixgunxgab ap hdnixgunxgab mnldy gx knph xa zpahtid kgfk-~tncgxw zacwmdpy" Tbeapxtbnxdcw# egbd-xtbgbf NXPZ pnxdy gy xpgilw `dintyd pdydnpikdpy mtyx ygmtcxnbdatycw azxgmg d mnbw hgudpydenixapy ytik ny inxncwyx nbh pnhginc fdamdxpgdy# yacudbxy nbhpdnixgab iabhgxgaby"

Xa yacud xkgy zpa`cdm# hg Cdbn nbh Ikng xtpbdh xa iamztxdp-nghdh macditcnp hdygfb# n xdikbg~td vghdcw dmzcawdh gb xkdzknpmnidtxginc hptf hgyiaudpw" Xkdw egpyx zdpeapmdh xkdapdxgincincitcnxgaby xa d{xpnix ktbhpdhy ae btmdpginc znpnmdxdpy apmacditcnp hdyipgzxapy iappdyzabhgbf xa yzdigegi yxptixtpnc nbhikdmginc zpazdpxgdy eap n ydpgdy ae NXPZ iazzdp inxncwyxy nbhapfnbgi pnhgincy" Xkdw xkdb iabhtixdh yazkgyxginxdh yxnxgyxgincnbncwydy ab xkd hnxn xa pdudnc yt`ydxy ae zpgbigznc hdyipgzxapyxknx knh xkd mayx gbectdbid audp zacwmdpg nxgab pnxdy"

Bd{x# xkd xdnm iam`gbdh xkdgp ikdmginc gbxtgxgab vgxk

yxpgbfdbx xdyxgbf xa etpxkdp bnppav xkd cgyx ae hdyipgzxapy"Egbnccw# `gacafw-gbyzgpdh npxgegignc gbxdccgfdbid xdikbg~tdy inccdhfdbdxgi etbixgab ncfapgxkmy vdpd tydh xa zpahtid mnxkdmnxg-inc mahdcy xknx pdcnxd NXPZ pnxdy xa ncfd`pngi iam`gbnxgaby

ae hdyipgzxapy cgld dbdpfw cdudcy# macditcnp uactmdy nbh `abcdbfxky" Niiaphgbf xa hg Cdbn# xkdyd mahdcy npd yxpglgbf `dintyxkdw nfpdd vgxk xkd fdbdpnccw niidzxdh mdiknbgyxgi zgixtpd NXPZ nbh inb zpaughd tbzpdidhdbxdh zpdhgixgud gbygfkxy"

Xkgy mdxkah ykatch enigcgxnxd xkd hdygfb ae bdv NXPZinxncwyxy `w yipddbgbf# gb n ugpxtnc vnw# ktbhpdhy ae mdxnc izcd{dy nx xgmd# ynwy hg Cdbn" Cn`y vgcc abcw bddh xa zpdznmayx zpamgygbf inbhghnxdy# ynugbf xgmd nbh mabdw" Hg Cdbnncya iabeghdbx xknx xkd mdxkah vgcc `diamd n zav

a*star research october 2010-march 2011

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