ast stakeholder meeting
DESCRIPTION
AST Stakeholder Meeting. California Air Resources Board Stakeholder Meeting February 17, 2005 1927 13th Street, Room 202 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. AST Stakeholder Meeting. Agenda Welcome and Introductions Overview of AP-42 emission estimation approach - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AST Stakeholder Meeting
California Air Resources BoardStakeholder MeetingFebruary 17, 2005 1927 13th Street, Room 20210:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
![Page 2: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AST Stakeholder MeetingAgenda
• Welcome and Introductions • Overview of AP-42 emission estimation approach• Discuss the comments received by stakeholders• Results from small scale studies• Future Plans• Contact Information
![Page 3: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AST Stakeholder Meeting
Welcome and Introductions
![Page 4: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AST Stakeholder Meeting
Overview of AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
![Page 5: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Purpose:
– Use AP-42 approach to calculate statewide emission estimate for Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs)
![Page 6: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Statewide Emission Estimate For ASTs:
– Sum of emissions calculated for 16 regions in CA.– Emissions from each region are calculated based
on the tank size and configuration.
Emissions = Tank Population x Emission Factor
![Page 7: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Tank Population:
– Number of tanks in a region by size, type, and vapor recovery configuration.
– Determined from a statewide survey of fuel haulers.
![Page 8: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Survey Status:
– Contacted 187 companies– 62 companies responded– Extrapolated results determined the presence of
approximately 9,300 tanks statewide– Survey portion is completed
![Page 9: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Emission Factor:
– It is an estimated amount of hydrocarbon emissions emitted into the atmosphere in a given period of time.
– Calculated on a monthly basis.
![Page 10: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• AP-42 Methodology:
– Developed by American Petroleum Institute (API)– Is approved by the U.S. EPA– Widely used by industry– Calculates Total losses/emissions from ASTs
Emissions = Standing Storage or Breathing Loss + Working Loss
– Applies only to tanks vented through small orifices or pressure relief valves.
![Page 11: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Standing Storage or Breathing Loss (Ls)
– It is a loss due to evaporation. Heating of the tank by the sun causes the fuel to volatilize and vent to the atmosphere.
LS = nVVWVKEKS
– Please review pages 2 - 5 of the AP-42 document
![Page 12: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Working Loss (Lw) :
– This loss occurs when mass of vapors are emitted to the atmosphere during the:
• Transfer of gasoline from cargo tank to AST (Deliveries)• Transfer of gasoline from AST to vehicle (Dispenses)
Lw = Lw(Deliveries) + Lw(Dispenses)
– Please review pages 6 and 7 of the AP-42 document.
![Page 13: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Sacramento Case Study
– Used AP-42 methodology to calculate emission factors for 751 - 1000 gallon tank with various configurations.
– Intend to apply this calculation methodology to different tank sizes and configurations for all 16 regions in California.
– Methodology uses reasonable assumptions.
![Page 14: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
• Assumptions Used:
– Tank is half full on average.– Fuel surface temperature range is derived from
the ambient temperature range.– Phase I or Phase II vapor recovery controls
• Tanks with controls have a P/V valve at 2” WC • Tanks without controls have no P/V valve
– Working loss emissions assumes 2 deliveries per year and 95% control for both Phase I and Phase II vapor recovery systems.
![Page 15: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
AP-42 Emission Estimation Approach
Type ofVapor Recovery Standing Working Working Yearly Total Daily Avg.System Loss, LS Loss, LW (Deliveries) Loss, LW (Dispenses) Loss LossNone 218.30 9.07 9.07 236.44 0.65Phase I 197.22 0.45 9.07 206.74 0.57Phase I&II 197.22 0.45 0.45 198.13 0.54
Type ofVapor Recovery Standing Working Working Yearly Total Daily Avg.System Loss, LS Loss, LW (Deliveries) Loss, LW (Dispenses) Loss LossNone 52.42 9.07 9.07 70.56 0.19Phase I 31.35 0.45 9.07 40.87 0.11Phase I&II 31.35 0.45 0.45 32.25 0.09
Insulated Tanks
Total Emissions from Aboveground Storage Tanks (lbs)Using Modified AP- 42 ApproachSacramento, 751-1000 Gallons
Non- Insulated Tanks
![Page 16: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Comments Received
• Approach seems reasonable.• Deliveries for some styles of tanks may be
greater than two per year.• Assumption of no P/V valves for tanks with no
Phase I or Phase II controls needs to be investigated.
• Additional comments?
![Page 17: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Small Scale Studies(AP-42 Bias)
• How well does AP-42 predict actual emissions from open tanks?– Web search found two AST studies that measured
emissions from open tanks without pressure relief valves.
– ARB performed some initial observations on small one gallon tanks with various vent openings.
![Page 18: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Small Scale Studies(Published Literature)
British Coumbia Ministry of Agriculture 38 L 11 L 3
University of Nebraska 34 L 11 L 3
Average 3
Under Estimated by a factor
of
Predicted AP-42 Loss
Publisher Measured Loss
AP-42 Versus Volumetric Loss(Summer Monthly Loss for a 1200 L Tank, No Pressure Relief Valve)
![Page 19: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Small Scale Study(ARB Initial Observations)
1/8 Inch 2.5 g 0.43 g 63/8 Inch 7.3 g 0.36 g 20
1 1/2 Inch 36.4 g 0.32 g 114Average 47
Under Estimated
by a Factor of
Predicted AP-42 Loss
Opening Measured Loss
AP-42 Versus Gravimetric Measurement
(16 Degree F Temperature Increase)
![Page 20: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Small Scale Study
• Conclusions:– AP-42 method significantly under estimates
emissions on open systems without pressure relief valves.
– Need to refine method to measure emissions from open systems.
![Page 21: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Future Plans
• AP-42 Correlation Study on 50 gallon AST• Control Technology Demonstration Using Two
Identical 50 gallon ASTs– One AST will serve as a control.– Second AST will be retrofitted with control
technology.– Emission reductions will be incrementally measured
with a carbon canister.
![Page 22: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Need Volunteers• We need volunteers to give us access to
their full size AST, so further correlation studies can be done.
![Page 23: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Contact InformationGeneral AST Information• Joe Guerrero (916) 324-9487 - [email protected]
Stephanie Connelly (916) 445-9308 - [email protected]
Tank Population• Ranjit Bhullar (916) 322-0223 - [email protected]
LaMar Mitchell (916) 445-9371 - [email protected]
Emission Inventory• Jim Watson (916) 327-1282 - [email protected]• Pamela Gupta (916) 324-4458 - [email protected]
![Page 24: AST Stakeholder Meeting](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051402/56816020550346895dcf2101/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Contact Information
Need More Information?
• ARB Vapor Recovery Website:– www.arb.ca.gov/vapor/vapor.htm
• ARB Aboveground Storage Tank Website:– www.arb.ca.gov/vapor/ast/ast.htm