assistive technology: an overview robert j. jaeger, ph.d. national science foundation presented to...
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Assistive Technology:Assistive Technology:An OverviewAn Overview
Robert J. Jaeger, Ph.D.Robert J. Jaeger, Ph.D.National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation
presented topresented toFLC Mid-Atlantic Regional FLC Mid-Atlantic Regional
MeetingMeetingSeptember 20, 2006September 20, 2006
Main TopicsMain Topics
Examples of Assistive Technology (AT)
User Population
Professional and Technical AT Societies
Federal Funding Agencies for AT Research
AT Industry Profile
Examples of Examples of Assistive Technology Assistive Technology
(AT)(AT)
User PopulationUser Population
What are the types of disabilties?
How many people have a disability?
How many people have How many people have disabilites?disabilites?
Orthopedic impairments 8,608,000Learning disability and mental retardation 1,575,000Visual impairments 1,294,000Hearing impairments 1,175,000Paralysis 1,070,000Deformities 900,000Absence or loss of limb/other body part 788,000Speech impairments 545,000Other and ill-defined impairments 371,000
Source: M.P. LaPlante and D. Carlson (1996). Disability in the United States: Prevalence and
Causes, 1992. Disability Statistics Report No. 6. Washington, D.C.: National Institute on
Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
Models of DisabilityModels of Disability
Medical Model: “Fix the Person” Artificial Leg “Cure” for Spinal Cord Injury Prosthetic Retina
Social Model: “Fix the Environment” Ramps Automatic Doors Captioned TV
In practice, a combination of the two
AT IndustryAT Industry
Table 3 -- States Hosting The Most AT Firms*
StateNumber of AT Firms
Revenues
California 58 $256,686,066
Florida 28 $48,963,000
New York 24 $37,350,267
Michigan 22 $35,331,922
Minnesota 21 $521,925,866
Ohio 20 $898,362,671
Wisconsin 14 $180,098,069
Massachusetts 13 $13,250,000
Texas 13 $19,549,620
Pennsylvania 13 $51,064,645
Total 226 $2,062,582,126
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/BIS AT Survey
Table 21 -- R&D As A Percent of Sales Revenue* (Millions of dollars)
Company Size Sales Revenue % R&D Year
Large $1,341 3% 1997
$1,814 2.6% 1998
$1,975 2.8% 1999
Medium $569 3.2% 1997
$467 4.1% 1998
$527 3.7% 1999
Small $354 8.5% 1997
$378 8% 1998
$374 9.6% 1999
Source: US DOC/BIS Survey *Sales revenues are rounded. Some percentages calculated on an adjusted base.
ABLEDATAABLEDATA
http://www.abledata.com/ABLEDATA provides objective information about assistive technology products and rehabilitation equipment available from domestic and international sources. No sales.32,000 assistive products (over 21,000 of which are currently available).
AT ResearchAT Research
AT Professional SocietiesAT Professional Societies
RESNAIEEE/EMBSBMES
AT JournalsAT Journals
Assistive Technology (RESNA)IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation EngineeringJournal of Rehabilitation Research and Development (VA)
Major Federal AT R&D Major Federal AT R&D FundersFunders
Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR)Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (RR&D)National Institutes of Health, National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR)National Science Foundation (NSF)
What specific R&D is being What specific R&D is being funded?funded?
See “Compendium of Assistive Technology Research: A Guide to Currently Funded Research Projects”Over 125 funded projectsMany federal agencies involved
Cross-walking AT researchCross-walking AT research
• Assistive Technology Classifications Systems International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health ISO-9999: Technical Aids for Persons With Disabilities—
Classification and Terminology National Classification System for Assistive Technology
(developed by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research and the Research Triangle Institute)
• Food and Drug Administration Status• MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)• Medicaid and Medicare Payment Status • Agencies Funding the Research• Estimated Number of Manufacturers • Estimated Number of Users
Coordinating Federal AT Coordinating Federal AT R&DR&D
Interagency Committee on Disability Research (ICDR).Authorized by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.Mandated “to promote coordination and cooperation among Federal departments and agencies conducting rehabilitation research programs.” The ICDR’s public website offers a very comprehensive source for information across abroad spectrum of disability and rehabilitation research. (http://www.icdr.us/)
ConclusionConclusion
SOURCE: Science and Engineering Indicators - 2004
National R&D funding, by source
SOURCE: Science and Engineering Indicators - 2004
Federal R&D budget authority, by budget function