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Robert Owen in the Field of

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Assignment on the contribution of Charles Babbage Adam Smith and Robert Owen

in the field of management

Contribution of Charles Babbage in the field of Management

Charles Babbage (1792ndash1871) is known as the patron saint of operations

research and management science Babbages scientific inventions included a

mechanical calculator (his difference engine) a versatile computer (his analytical

engine) and a punch-card machine Babbages most successful book On the

Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers published in 1832 described the tools

and machinery used in English factories It discussed the economic principles of

manufacturing and analyzed the operations the skills used and suggested improved

practices He showed that reducing the tasks of manufacturing to their simplest

activities increases the numbers of people who can do them and thus reduces the

average wage which needs to be paid According to him a work should be divided

into mental and physical efforts and a worker should be paid a bonus in proportion to

his own efficiency and success of the business Babbage emphasized the

importance of division of labor indicating that greater profit could be made by

specializing Babbage also emphasized the importance of balance in processes

and the principle of optimum size of the manufacturing unit for each class of product

Contribution of ROBERT OWEN in the field of Management

Robert Owen (1771ndash1858) was a successful Scottish entrepreneur and a

utopian socialist who sowed the first seeds of concern for the workers He was

repulsed by the working conditions and poor treatment of the workers in the factories

across Scotland Owen became a reformer At New Larnark in his factory he was

trying to make different approaches to the workers He reduced the use of child labor

and used moral persuasion rather than corporal punishment in his factories He

chided his fellow factory owners for treating their equipment better than they

treated

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