assignment on project scope management

8/3/2019 Assignment on Project Scope Management

1/7

INSTITUTE OFBUSINESS

MANAGEMENT

Submitted To : Mr. Sheikh Addul Qadir

Submitted By : Majid Khan

Roll No : 10293

Date

:20/11/2011

Project Management


2/7

Assignment on

Project Time

Management

Time Management & Scheduling in Project

Management


3/7

The management projects require analytical tools for time management & scheduling activities

and allocating resources. This assignment describes a set of tools that has proven to be

consistently valuable to project managers. The tools are collectively known as the Project

Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Critical Path Method (CPM).

These include the construction of network diagrams, the calculation of feasible project schedules,

determining the effect of uncertainty on project schedules, and adjusting schedules to conform to

time and resource constraints. The tools are important for planning a project and for keeping it

on track once it has begun.

Throughout this assignment we will refer to a particular project: the installation of an

Maximo 6.2.2 at Engro Polymer Cheimical Ltd. Once in place, the system will collect

information about the inventory. The Engros present system is with Maximo 6.3.1, and once the

new system is up and running it will upgrade the system and would remove the errors from the

inventory management.

Table 1 below describes the projects activities and expected durations. The system will bedeveloped and installed by computer programmers, systems analysts, and personnel from the

accounting function. Currently, only three systems analysts are available to the firm, and the

number of analysts needed for each activity is listed in the table. The table also specifies

immediate predecessors, the smallest possible list of tasks which must be completed before

starting each activity.

S.No Descriptions Predecessor Duration System Analyst

A Specify functional and user interface features - 4 2

B Design and code functional component A 4 2

C Test and debug functional component B 4 2

D Internal audit of functional test C 2 1

E Design and code graphical user interface A 6 1

F Integrate functional component and interface C,E 6 2

G Train Inventory personnel on interface E 6 1

H Train personnel on test bed using integrated system F, G 4 2

Table 1: Description of Engro Polymer & Cheimical Ltd

Network Diagrams and Critical Paths


4/7

The information in the table may also be represented by a network diagram in which

rectangles, or nodes, signify activities. The relationships between activities are

represented by arrows between the nodes.

All arrows to a node begin at the nodes immediate predecessors, indicating that theactivity cannot be started until all activities prior to that node in the network are

completed. Figure 2 displays the complete project network for InterTrust. Activity A

must be completed before activities B and E are started. Activity F cannot be started

until both activities C and E are completed.

Key

Figure 2: Project Network for Maximo 6.2.2 Engro Polymer Cheimical Ltd Project

Once the project network is drawn, the answer is also simple: the duration of the project is

equal to the longest path from the beginning to the end of the network. Since all activities along

this path must be completed, the duration of the project must be at least the length of the longest

path. Since all other paths are shorter, the duration of the project must be the length of the longest

path. For InterTrust, the longest path from Ato END may be found easily by trying all paths

(how many are there?) and choosing the longest. This path is A-B-C-F-H-END and its duration is

4+4+4+6+4 = 22 weeks.

Earliest and Latest Start and Finish Times

A, 4

C, 4

G, 6

D, 2

END, 0H, 4

B, 4

E, 6 F, 6

Activit , Duration


5/7

For each activity we will calculate the following:

Quantity Abbreviation Description

Earliest Start Time ES Earliest time the activity may begin after allowing

preceding activities to finish

Earliest Finish Time EF Earliest time the activity may finish after allowing

preceding activities to finish

Latest Start Time LS Latest time the activity may begin without delaying

project completion

Latest Finish Time LF Latest time the activity may finish without delaying

project completion

Activity Slack SLACK Extra time an activity is allowed before it delays

the project (assuming that it begins at ES). Under

this definition, slack is sometimes also calledtotal slack or total float.

ES = max[EF of immediate predecessors]

EF = ES + activity duration

For Maximo 6.2.2 project, begin with activity A at week zero. The earliest finish time

for A is fourweeks later, and this is the earliest start times for activities B and E. The earliest

finish time for B is 4 + 4 = 8 weeks, and the earliest start time for its successor, C, is 8 weeks.

Figure 3 displays the results of these calculations. One must be careful with activity F since it has

two predecessors. The earliest start time for F is the later of the earliest finish times of its

predecessors:

ES for activity F = max(EF for activity C, EF for activity E)

= max(12, 10)

= 12 weeks

Similar calculations are completed for remaining activities until we reach END. We find that the

project will take 22 weeks.

Latest Finish time = LF = min [LS of immediate successors]

Latest Start time = LS = LF - activity duration

For END, latest start and finish times are set equal to the earliest start and finish times

since any delay to END will delay project completion. The latest finish time for activity


6/7

H is the latest start time for END, 22 weeks, and the latest start time for activity H is 22 -

4 = 18 weeks. The latest finish time for D is also 22 weeks, while the LF for F is the LS

for H, 18 weeks. Activity C has two immediate successors, so:

LF for activity C = min (LS for activity D, LS for activity F)

= min (20, 12)= 12 weeks

These calculations are repeated until latest times for activity A are found. See Figure 3 for the

results.

Resource Constraints

0 4

A

0 4 4

4 8

B

4 4 8

12 14

C

12 2 14

8 12

C

8 4 12

6 10

E 2

6 6 12

12 18

F

12 6 18

18 22

H

18 4 22

22 22

END

22 0 22

10 16G 2

12 6 18


7/7

An invaluable method for shortening the duration of a project is the ability to run multiple

activities in parallel. For example, the Maximo 6.2.2 project allows both activities B and E to run

in tandem from week four to week eight. If all its activities were to occur in series, the project

would last 36 weeks rather than 22. A Gantt chart, such as the one shown in Figure 4, displays

the degree of parallelism in the project. The chart displays the activities beginning at their

earliest start times, as well as the number of analysts needed for each activity.

(Time in Weeks from Project Start)

Figure 4: Gantt chart for Maximo with All Activities at Their Earliest Start Times

However, sufficient resources must be available for activities to be completed in parallel.If all activities in the Maximo 6.2.2 project were to begin on their earliest start dates, then the

number of systems analysts needed varies from two to four, which is derived from the resource

listing in the Gantt chart. Note that the period from the end of week 12 to the end of week 14

requires four programmers: one for activity D, two for F and one for G.

assignment on project scope management

Documents