assignment 2 - jaya shopping centre

School of Architecture, Building & Design

August 2016 semester

BUILDING SERVICES 2 (BLD 60503)

Group Assignment

Assignment Title: A Case Study on Jaya Shopping Centre

Student Name: ID No:

1. Pang Kai Yun 0319802

2. Sam Wei Yin 0320364

3. Trace Gew Yee 0320269

4. Yeo Kai Wen 0319844

5. Heng Chun Hui 0329804

Lecturer: Mr Tan Hee Chai

Date of Submission: 9 December 2016

Word Count: 7816 words



CONTENT

NO. Content Page Number

1. Introduction 3

2. Mechanical Ventilation and Air-Conditioning System 5

3. Fire Protection System 23

4. Vertical Transportation System 53

5. Electrical Power Supply System 69

6. Conclusion 85

7. Bibliography 86



INTRODUCTION

Jaya Shopping Centre was formerly known as Jaya Supermarket, the first shopping

complex in Petaling Jaya (PJ) that was built in 1974. It was closed in 2009 for redevelopment

and reopened to public in 2014 The mall is located at Jalan Semangat, Section 14, 46100

Petaling Jaya, Selangor.

Location of Jaya Shopping Centre



The new Jaya Shopping Centre has become a PJ landmark and favourite

neighborhood shopping place. The mall which has a net lettable area of 24,000 m2, feature a

mix of 150 retail outlets spread out over seven floors. This will include dining options,

supermarket and conveniences, cinema and entertainment outlets as well as sportswear,

fashion, children’s toys and gift shops. It will also offer beauty and wellness spas, electronics

and gadgets shops and a banking hall. Besides that, there is another 1 storey above the

retail outlets for the management office and services need. The mall also provides 780

parking bays spread out over four levels of basement car parks. In total, the mall consists of

12 storeys.

Jaya Shopping Centre is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mapletree Investments Pte.

Ltd., Singapore’s leading Asia-focused real estate and capital management company.



MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Mechanical Ventilation

Wall Fan

There are a numbers of wall fans which is located at the level 6 of the shopping mall.

The location is used to ventilate the worker’s canteen area. The wall fan is installed on the

column and provide the ventilation to the workers. The fan do not provide real ventilation

as they do not provide the fresh air. It is used for circulating the air within a space.

Wall fan

Propeller Fan

A propeller fan is found in the chiller room at the high level of the wall. The purpose

of installing the propeller fan in the chiller room is to reduce the heat which produce by the

chiller machine.

Propeller fan



Exhaust Fan

An exhaust fan is found at the Level 6 of the worker’s canteen area which is

connected to the ducting. It is installed on the It's purpose is to maintain good indoor air

quality and ventilate the air flow, since they remove odours, excess moisture and grease

also combustion products from cooking of the kitchen area.

Exhaust fan



Air-Conditioning System

There are two main cycles which involved in air-conditioning system which are

refrigerant cycle and air cycle. Refrigerant cycle is a process which removes the heat of a

space to outside in order to maintain a cool comfort room temperature of a space whereas

air cycle is a process which distributed the conditioned air into the space of the room.

There are four main components of this system which comprises chiller, cooling

tower, air-handling unit (AHU).

Chiller is produce of chilled water in this system, and the chiller has two main

cylinders which are evaporator and condenser. Evaporator is the one where the cold chilled

water is collected to AHU whereas condenser is where the heat is collected and sent to the

cooling tower. The chilled water leaves the evaporator is pumped out by the pump and it is

sent to the AHU. The chilled water is pumped down to every floor of AHU unit. Air handling

unit’s purpose is to take the warm air within the building flow. The AHU distribute the cool

conditioned air through ductworks to various point of the buildings to where it’s needed.

The warm air is then collected and send back to the evaporator to the chiller. The warm

condenser water enters the cooling tower. It is sprayed and run on the inside of the cooling

tower is collected the bottom running the opposite direction. The air is being pulled by

those fan. The fan pulled the ambient air outside of the building into the cooling tower. So

the warm condenser water will lose some heat and the air entering through the louvered.

Once the temperature is cooling and it is collected at the bottom. It is then send back to the

condenser pump and that is send through the chiller.

The water tanks, cooling towers, chillers and air pump are located at the roof level

which is Level 6 of the Jaya Shopping mall.



Water Tank

The water tank usually located at the rooftop level of the building. Also, it is near to

the cooling tower.

The water tank is in blue colour and it is made from hard plastics. If there is any

water loss because of the cooling tower’s operation and maintenance this will occur

condense water system. The water from the water tank is being pump to supply the water

to the cooling tower through the piping system.

The water tank which is found on the rooftop level of Jaya Shopping Mall.

Cooling Tower

There are total number of 4 cooling towers which is located on the rooftop level. The

cooling towers used TX-S Series Cooling Tower from Truwater® which serves for saving

space, light weight, low operating cost and energy saving low noise.

The function of the cooling tower is to reduce the temperature of the water in the

chiller system by removing the heat which is absorbed by chiller through evaporation.

There’s a fan inside of the cooling tower which is used to cool and reduce the heat. Also,



they need to connect to the water tank in order to replace the water loss by the process of

evaporation. The louvers of the cooling tower are made up of asbestos sheet, it is used to

maintain circulating water and distribute the airflow into the cooling tower equally.

Cooling tower

The inside view of the cooling tower’s top, the fan.



The inside view of the cooling tower’s below which is known as basin.

The Louvers of the cooling tower.



This meter is used to check whether the cooling tower is working or not.

The CHWR (chilled water return) and CHWS (chilled water supply).

MS 1525: 2007

8.5 All pipe installed to serve buildings and within buildings should be adequately insulated

to prevent excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with vapor barriers may be

required to prevent condensation under some condition.



Chiller Plant

On the roof level, there’s a room which is chiller plant. It consists of 4 chilled water

pump (3 for shopping mall whereas 1 for cinema), control panel or switchboard, ductworks.

Its location is accessible for the maintenance as it is next to the management office of the

Jaya Shopping Centre Mall.

The room for the chiller plant is used for the water that is chilled and conditioned is

then distributed via ductwork to the air handling unit (AHU).

The view of the chiller plant room.



The view of the chiller room.

Chiller

In the chiller plant room, consists of 4 chilled water pump sets which are primary

chilled water pump, secondary chilled water pump and condenser pump. There are 3 chilled

pump set units usually operate it in the daytime morning whereas the one chilled pump set

unit operate in the night this is due to reduce the energy consumption. The reason why they

use one chiller pump set unit have to operate at night it is because of the heat flow of the

human traffic and it is used for the cinema purpose only.

Although the appearance for the secondary chilled water pump and condense water

pump is similar, there’s a difference between them. The one got installation is chilled water

pump whereas the one which don’t have the installation which is condense water pump.

The chiller water pump in the chiller plant room which is used to pump to circulate the

chilled water to the chiller and then distributed to AHU’s. The condense water is pumped to

cooling tower from chiller in order to reject the heat release from chiller.



The primary chilled water pump.

Secondary Chilled water pump on the right, Condenser water pump on the left



A computing system which can check the working of the chilled system.

A view of the pipe of the water pump, CDWS (condense water supply), CDWR (Condense

water return) and CHWR (Chilled water return).



MS 1525: 2007

8.2.2 Where the chillers are used and design load is greater than 1000 kWr, a minimum of

two chillers or a single multi compressor chiller should be provided to meet the require

load.

8.5 All pipe installed to serve buildings and within buildings should be adequately

insulated to prevent excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with vapor barriers may

be required to prevent condensation under some condition.

8.7.1 High pressure and medium pressure ducts should be leak tested in accordance with

HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual published by SMACNA or any other equivalent

standards, with the rate of leakage not to exceed the maximum rate specified.

Control Unit

The control unit for the primary chiller water pump, secondary chilled water pump

and condenser are also located in the chiller room. There are 4 control units which is used to

control each of the chiller water pump sets it is near to the chiller as it can be much

accessible for the operation maintenance work for the maintenance. There’s a reading

machine which is used to detect the temperature of the chiller water pump and the

condense water.

The first reading is for the chiller water, second reading is for the condense water

whereas the third reading is for the oil pressure.



The view for the control unit in the chiller room.

One of the control unit which used to determine the temperature of the water in the system.



MS 1525: 2007

8.3.1 Zone which are expected to operate non-simultaneously for more than 750 hours

per year should be served by separate air distribution system. As an alternative off- hour

controls should be provided in accordance with 8.4.4

8.4.4.1 ACMV system should be equipped with automatic control capable of accomplishing

a reduction of energy use for example through equipment shutdown during periods of non-

use or alternative use of the spaces served by the system.

Air Handling Unit

The Air Handling Unit is placed at each floor of the shopping mall which means that

every floor has Air Handling Unit Room. There are total number of 14 of AHU units which 2

units for each floor. One AHU unit distribute the conditioned air to the upper floor whereas

another AHU unit distributed to lower floor. The reasons that they installed two AHU units

at each floor is that they need to distribute the air equally to throughout the building. The

AHU is kept inside the AHU room with other component like conditioned air intake ducts

and returning air ducts.

We found out that Jaya Shopping centre mall used Incline- Supply Mixed Air type of

the AHU.

AHU unit is a central air conditioner station which handle the air and distribute into

the buildings by ventilation ductwork. The size of AHU is usually large metal casing box

connected with the duct which surrounded by tin ore material. Inside of the AHU room

consists of two unit AHU and the control panel



A computing system that checks the working of the AHU.

The structure of the AHU which distribute the air to lower ground floor



The structure of the AHU which distribute the air to upper floor.

The control unit which control the power of the AHU.



Ductwork and Diffuser

The ductwork is used to distribute the supply air and return air to the shopping mall.

The ducts are manufactured from tin ore which is in the silver colour.

Ductwork

For the diffuser, Jaya shopping mall had used the round diffuser, small linear, square

diffuser to distribute the conditioned air from the AHU.

Round diffuser



Small linear diffuser

Square diffuser



FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Active Type Fire Protection System

Active type fire protection system is design to detect and suppress the fire. Active

type is a system can be manually and automatically detect of any fire. The system including

sprinkler system, dry and wet riser system, hose real system, portable fire extinguishers, fire

alarm, detection systems and smoke and fumes control. This is the flow chart of fire

protection system of Jaya shopping Centre.

Fire detection

Smoke detection

Fire alarm

Central command center

Active Fire protection system

Pump room

Wet riser and hose reel



Sprinkler

Gas suppression system (Electrical Room)

Portable Fire Extinguisher

Fire Alarm System

Smoke Detection

Smoke detector is one of the component in fire alarm system. It is a device to detect

the fire. There is a wide opening under the smoke detector. There are two type of smoke

detector. The smoke detector used by Jaya Shopping Centre is optical smoke detector.

There is an infrared light beam in the smoke detector. The function of the infrared light

beam is to generate electricity of the photocell. When there is a fire break out the smoke

will block the infrared light beam for shooting to the photocell. Thus, no electricity is

generated and the circuit will send signal to the alarm bell to alert the main control room.

UBBL 1984 Section 225(1)

Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguisher fire and alarms

together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified in the

tenth schedule to these by-laws.



Smoke Detector

Alarm Bell

Alarm bell was one of the component of fire alarm system. The alarm bell is installed

on the wall. When it receive the signal sent from the smoke detector, it will ring. The sound

of the alarm bell is loud enough to meet the UBBL requirement. The alarm will reset at the

main control panel.

UBBL 1984 Section 237

Alarm bell must be provide a minimum sound of level 65db (A) or +5db (A) above any

background noises, which is likely to persist for more than 30 seconds.

Alarm Bell



Sprinkler System

Sprinkle Head

Sprinkler head is the head of the sprinkler. It is install below the ceiling. The glass

that cover the sprinkler head will break when the air temperature rise above normal

temperature. Water will spray out by sprinkler to extinguish the fire. Once the fire is

completely put off, the sprinkler head has to be replace. Sprinkler head in Jaya shopping

Centre is different from the sprinkler head at carpark area. The sprinkler head inside the

mall was installed in the ceiling and cover by a cover for aesthetic view. Besides, the

distance of alternative sprinkler head at Jaya Shopping Centre is 8ft to 10ft. There are also

sprinkler head under the escalator.

UBBL 1984 Section 25 (2)

All sprinkler system shall be electricity connected to the nearest fire station to provide

immediate and automatic relay of the alarm when activated. There is a pump at every floor

of the mall.

Sprinkler head



The sprinkler head installed under escalator.

Butterfly valve

Butterfly valve was one of the component of the sprinkler valve system. It used to

control the flow of water of the sprinkler. UBBL- SECTION 25 (2) states that Sprinkler Valves

shall be located in a safe and enclosed position on the exterior wall and shall be readily

accessible to the Fire Authority.



Pump Room

The pump room is located at the basement of the Jaya Shopping Centre. The

function of the pump room. Pump are requires for every building to provide an adequate

supply of water. There are three different pump inside pump room which are Jockey pump,

Duty pump and standby pump


Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for the hose reel system, shall be

located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet

connection accessible to fire appliances.

Jockey pump

The function of Jockey pump is to maintain the pressure of the Sprinkler piping

system. The jockey pump will active when the pressure of the sprinkler pipes decrease. This

could ensure the pressure in the sprinkler pipe is always enough.

Jockey pump



Standby pump

Standby pump will start it job when the duty pump did not function when the

pressure drop to 60psi. The function of it is same as the duty pump.

Standby pump

Duty Pump

Duty pump will automatic on when the pressure in pipe drop to 60psi. There is an

electric motor in the duty pump to pump the water to the sprinkler system.

Duty pump



Sprinkler set in pump room. The tag hang on it show when does each pipe work and stop

woeking acccording to the pressure of the pipe.

The valve that control the flow of the water in Jaya shopping Centre. This valve can be found

at every basement.



Water Tank

Water tank show in figure 2.4.2 is located in the pump room. The function of this

pump room act as a water storage for the sprinkler system, hose reel system and wet riser

system. Besides, it also provide water for other system in the shopping centre. The water

source of water tank is come from the SYABAS. The water pipe of SYABAS is located outside

the shopping mall. . Next, a water level indicator as shown in figure 2.4.1 is also installed in

the water tank. It is used to measure the water level in the water storage tank.


1. Water storage capacity and water flow rate for the firefighting system and installation

shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the tenth schedule to these

by-laws.

2. Storage tank for automatic sprinkler installation where full capacity if provided without

the need for replenishment shall be exempted from the restrictions in their locations.

Water level indicator Water tank



Wet Riser System

The component of the wet riser system including a wet riser tank and wet riser

pump. The wet riser pump is located at the pump room at basement 1. The wet riser pump

also located at the basement too. The wet riser pump is driven by electrical motor. Each set

of pump are connected to jockey, duty and standby pump. The pumps is control by pressure

switch. The operation of pump is show as the table below.

Pump sets Cut-In Pressure (Psi) Cut-Out Pressure (Psi)

Jockey Pump 190 Psi 230 Psi

Duty Pump 140 Psi 230 Psi

Standby Pump 125 Psi 230 Psi

Wet Riser Pump

Wet Riser is installed in a building for fire-fighting purpose. Wet riser pump is used to

pump water from water tank to wet riser.


1. Wet rising system shall be provided in every building in which the top most floor is more

than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level.

2. A hose connection shall be provided in each firefighting access lobby.



Wet riser pump at pump room

Hose Reel system

Hose Reel Drum

The type of hose reel drum used at Jaya Shopping mall is Sri Fire Hose reel. This hose

reel had the meet the British standard Institution and Australian Standard.With vigorous

inspection and testing, SRI Fire Hose Reel is reliable and is at the highest standards (SRI, n.d).

The diameter of the stop valve is 25mm conforming to BS1218.The open and shut position is

fixed on the wheel spindle of the valve and the direction of flow is marked on the body.

Besides, there was also a hose reel drum beside the lift and staircase.

UBBL 1984 Section 244 (c)

Hose reel shall be located at every 45 meters (depends on the building form).Besides, fire

hose reel should be located at the strategic places in buildings, especially nearer to

firefighting access lobbies in order to provide a reasonably accessible and controlled supply

of water for fire extinguishing.



Hose reel

Hose Reel Drum Pump

Hose Reel pump also located at the basement of the building. Just like wet riser,

hose reel also have hose reel pump to ensure the water from ground floor can pump up

easily. There were also a table hung beside the hose reel pump to show the pressure

needed for hose reel pump to operate.

Hose reel pump in the fire pump room located at basement



Carbon Dioxide Fire Suppression System

Carbon dioxide fire suppression system is found in electricity room such as TNB

room, high voltage room, low voltage room and transformer room. The reason of using

carbon dioxide at all this rooms are because carbon dioxide can extinguish fire faster than

water and it is low cost to install compare to water type. Table below show the capacity in

each room that had high hazard rate.

Area Protection Location Carbon Dioxide Quantity

Genset Room Lower Ground 12 x 45kg CO2 cylinder

Low Voltage Switch Room Lower Ground 14 x 45kg CO2 cylinder

Consumer High Tension Room Lower Ground 11 x 45 CO2 cylinder

Chiller High Tension Room Lower Ground 6 x 45 CO2 cylinder


Places constituting special hazards or risks due to the nature of storage, trade, occupancy,

or size shall be required to be protected by fixed installations, protective devices and

systems and special extinguishers as may be required by the Fire Authority.

The operation of carbon dioxide fire suppression system can be operate manually and

automatically.

Automatic Operation

1. When there is a fire break out inside the protected area the alarm sensor at that area is

triggered, alarm located outside the room will active and will ring the bell.



2. At the same time the fire control panel in the main control room will show the affected

zone by flashing of light

3. The green color light of the operation room will change to red color and the fire curtain

will come down to prevent the fire spread to other

4. When the second detector is activated, the second alarm light will start to flash. The

alarm signal is sent to the control room

5. If the system is not switch after 30 second, a 24VDC signal is sent. The carbon dioxide

suppression system will release carbon dioxide immediately

6. Once the CO2 cylinder is fired, all the CO2 in the cylinder will be discharged in 10 seconds

and fill the room with 50% of CO2 concentration.

7. The CO2 will remain in the room until gas is exhaust or ventilated out.

Manual Operation

1. CO2 can be manually discharged when the manual pull station located outside the

protected room. When the manual pull station is pulled, CO2 will be activated instantly.

2. The alarm bell will ring and the damper / fan (optional) will shut down.

3. A signal will be transmitted to the main fire alarm panel to indicate the discharge of the

CO2.



Fire Extinguisher

The type fire extinguisher used in Jaya shopping mall is dry powder type. Fire

extinguisher can be found beside lift area and there is a fire extinguisher inside each shop of

the mall. The fire extinguisher has to send back to the manufactural to be refill.

Fire extinguisher



Fire control room

Fire control room located at Ground Level. The fire control panel can indicate the

source of the fire alarm. When an area is detected fire break out, the bulb on the fire panel

will light up. People in charge in the control room will order the nearest guard on duty to

check on that place. The main control panel is the place to reset the alarm.


Every large premises or building exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be provided with a

command and control central located on the designated floor and shall contain a panel to

monitor the public address, fire brigade communication, sprinkler, water flow detectors, fire

detection and alarm systems and a direct telephone connection to the appropriate fire

station by-passing the switch board.

The main fire control panel.



Location of Active fire protection system at Level Mezzanine

Location of Active fire protection system at Level 6





Location of Active fire protection system at Ground Level

Location of Active fire protection system at Lower Ground Level



Location of Active fire protection system at Basement 1






Voice Communication and fire switch

Voice communication and fire switch is located at staircase. There is a voice

communication and fire switch at every floor of staircase. The voice communication and fire

switch can only use by fire fighter. The voice communication is actually a telephone for the

fire fighter used to communicate with control room. While fire switch will be turn off when

the fire fighter arrive. When the fire switch is off, there is no electricity in the building. This

could prevent the fire for further spread.

When there is a fire in the mall, glass box is broken and the manual switch is pulled

and the alarm will ring for 30 minutes.

When this happens, an indication on the main fire panel with show where the source

of the alarm is coming from and the BOMBA will be alerted. The person in charge will verify

the fire and if there is a fire, the alarm system in the mall will be activated to evacuate the

building. The BOMBA will come to the building if they have not been updated about the

situation after 30 minutes. This shows that the system is a two stage system

If it was a false alarm, the system is reset by the person in charge and the situation is

reported to BOMBA. After everything, the system is reset.



The voice communication and fire switch located at staircase.



Passive Type Fire Protection System

Passive type system is compartmentalize a building through the use of fire resistance

material such as fire door, assembly point and fire dampers.

Fire Damper

Fire damper is install at every lift lobby and ceiling of podium of the level 5. Fire

damper act as ventilation to suck the smoke out from the building when there is a fire.


Ventilation of staircase enclosures in buildings exceeding 18 metres.

(a) permanent ventilation at the top of the staircase enclosure of not less than 5% of the

area of the enclosure and in addition at suitable intervals in the height of the staircase a

mechanically ventilated shaft to achieve not less than 20 air charges per hour to be

automatically activated by a signal from the fire alarm panel;

Fire damper at the podium of level 5



Fire damper at lift lobby

Fire Rated Door

There are fire rated door at every lift lobby and exist of fire staircase of every floor. It

help to suppress the fire by restricting the flow of oxygen as well as the spread of fire

through the building. The thickness and material of the door will result in the quality of the

fire rated door. There are two type of fire door in Jaya Shopping Centre which is single lift

and double lift. Table below shown the dimension of each door in Jaya Shopping Centre.

Single leaf door 900 mm * 2100 mm

Double leaf door 1600 mm * 2100 mm




(1) All exit door should be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special

knowledge or effort.

(2) Exit doors shall close automatically when released and all door devices including

magnetic door holders, shall release the doors upon power failure or actuation of the

firm alarm.

Double leaf fire rated door Single panel fire door

.



Emergency Staircase

Fire staircase is used when there is any incident happen in a building such as fire.

When there is break out of fire, all electrical equitment such as lift cannot be used. Besides,

fire staircase in Jaya Shopping Centre is wide enough to prevent accident happen when

emergency escape from mall.


(1) Staircases shall be of such width that in the event of any one staircase not being

available for escape purpose the remaining staircases shall accommodate the highest

occupancy load of any one floor discharging into it calculated in accordance with

provisions in the Seventh Schedule to these Bylaws

Fire Evacuation Route

Jaya shopping centre provide a map for public to refer when there is a fire incident. The

map is pasted at the wall of lift lobby of every floor clearly stated the position of public and

the way to escape via the staircase. There are 5 different route of escape in the shopping

centre while 7 route of escape including the front and back entrance at ground floor.


Except as permitted by by-law 167 not less than two separate exits shall be provided from

each storey together with such additional exits as may be necessary



This diagram show the route of escape in level 1.

This diagram show the route of escape in level 2



Assembly point

Assembly point was a temporary gathering area to ensure if everyone is out of the

building when fire is break out in a building. Appropriate decisions should be made in regard

to continuance of use of the Fire Assembly Points for longer durations. The assembly point

of Jaya Shopping Centre is located in front of the entrance and back door of the shopping

Centre. Assembly point must be at a wide area to ensure it can accommodate a huge

number of people. Besides the location of assembly point must free from any obstacle

objects. Unfortunately, the location of Jaya shopping Centre is at the center of the city.

There area for assembly is not big enough to accommodate large number of people.

Assembly point at Ground Floor Level



VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Elevator (Lift)

Jaya Shopping Centre have 4 lift located at the lift lobby. The arrangement of the lift

is opposite arrangement which can reduce the waiting time for the lift passengers and save

the cost for installation. The lifts will be function from the level basement 4 until level 6 but

not the mezzanine level because it is the cinema level. Two of the lifts in the shopping

centre will be stop operated at 10pm while the other two will be stopped at 3am together

with HVAC system due to cinema's purpose. Jaya Shopping Centre has achieved the

requirement of Section 124 in UBBL 1984 by providing 5 elevators, 4 passenger lifts and 1

service lift in total of 7 floors and 4 basement levels. Besides that, a lift lobby is provided in

front of the lift as required in Section 152 (1) of UBBL 1984.


For all non-residential buildings exceeding 4 storeys above or below the main access level at

least one lift shall be provided.


Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby unless other

suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of local authority is provided.

These requirement shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may

be approved by the D.G.F.S.



The opposite arrangement of the lift

Motor Roomless Lift (MRL)

The model of the lift is Schindler 300P-MRL and it is known as Motor Roomless Lift

(MRL). This lift is more compact and save space compare to the old model lift and it has 3

guide rails in total such as car guide rail, counterweight guide rail and additional guide rail.

On top of the lift core there is hoisting motor of the lift without any fixings.

There is two component from the lift which is drive as the muscle of the lift and control

as the brain of the lift. From the brain of the lift, there will be a switch to control the lift by

manually which is JRH known as the inspection switch. From the inspection switch there is

two switch such as DRH-U switch to control the lift up and DRH-D to control the lift down.

Normally the lift will be function automatically, but we should make sure that the safety line

of the lift must on such as T1, T2, T3A, T3B, T4, and T5, otherwise it will be not operated.



Lift door and the brain of the lift

Besides, there is three relay founded such as JBF relay, self-hold relay and RNO relay

which control the lift down in case of fire. When the lift need to be repaired, the technician

will open the car door by using a triangle key.

JRH, DRH-U, DRH-D, and safety line



JBF relay, self-hold relay and RNO relay

Triangle key

At the car top, there is an inspection board to control the movement of the lift.

However, make sure to sit down or duck when controlling the lift up or down. To control the

temperature inside of the lift core, pillar fan is installed to remove the hot air inside to the

atmosphere. Furthermore, there is thermal state and thermal control to control the

temperature of the lift.



Car top

Hoisting motor

Pillar fan



Chiller

Thermal control

Inspection board



Lift car

For every lift it is only able to carry a load of 1430 kg which is around 21 person in a

car with a travel height of 52.18m which is 12 stories height including Level B4 to B1, lower

ground level, ground level and level 1 to 6. The car speed is 1.75m/s but the car will stopped

by safety gear when it is over-speed. This model of lift is decided to be installed in this

building due to there is limitation space of the building

Lift Car



Internal Lift Components

Floor Request Buttons Operating panel with car position indicator,

an indication of lift number, brief regulations

to be followed by users

External Lift Components

Hall Buttons Car Position Display



Ventilation to lift shafts

Ventilation is provided in the lift car to allow air to flow into the car if emergency

happens. Emergency lighting is also provided inside the lift car.


Where openings to lift shafts are not connected to protected lobbies, such lift shafts shall be

provided with vents of not less than 0.09 square metre per lift located at the top of the

shaft. Where the vent does not discharge directly to the open air the lift shafts shall be

vented to the exterior through a duct of the required FRP as for the lift shafts.

Ventilation in lift car



Smoke detector

To fulfil the requirements of Section 153 in UBBL 1984, smoke detectors is provided

at the lift lobby.


All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.

Smoke detector at lift lobby



Escalator

There are total 26 escalator provided in Jaya Shopping Centre. Since the escalators

are located at the centre of the shopping mall, it makes people in the shopping mall easier

to travel from floor to floor. Furthermore, it also makes people move in a same speed and

being carried efficiently from one floor to another.

The arrangement of the escalator from Level 1 to Level 5 are escalators in parallel

arrangement and besides from Level 1 to Ground Floor to Lower Ground Floor and from

Basement Carpark 1 to Basement Carpark 3 are escalators in parallel arrangement with

continuous traffic flow

Side view of escalators in Jaya Shopping Centre

Arrangement of Escalators in Jaya Shopping Centre



Escalators in Parallel Arrangement with Continuous Traffic Flow

Travellator

Travellator is also found in Jaya Shopping Centre travels from Lower Ground Floor to

Basement Carpark. As the grocery section is located in the Lower Ground Floor, hence it

allows people who are pushing trolleys to access and carrying them to Basement Carpark 1.

There are total 2 travellator and is in parallel arrangement.

Travellator



Control System

The control room is located at the Ground Level, same as the Fire Control Room. The

control panel control all the lift, escalators and travellator. It will show the car location of

the lift and whether the lift, escalator and travellator is operating or not.

Control Panel of lift, escalator and travellator.

Location of lift, escalator and travellator in Lower Ground Level.



Location of lift, escalator and travellator in Ground Level.

Location of lift, escalator and travellator in Level 1.



ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

In Malaysia, the power transmission network is known as the National Grid and is

managed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The electricity is produced by the generator in

power stations. The generated electricity will pass through the step-up transformer to raise

the voltage to HV of transmission voltage. The purpose is to cover back the energy loss due

to resistance in the transmission wire. The transmission voltage are 500kV, 275kV and

132kV. Afterward, the voltage is stepped down to distribution voltages, which are 33kV,

11kV and 400/230 volts before distribute to users because the voltage is too high for

domestic purpose.

Simplified diagram of distribution of electricity from power station to consumer

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/general-principles-of-electricity-supply-systems

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/general-principles-of-electricity-supply-systems



Jaya Shopping Centre receives 11kV of electrical supply from the TNB substation. The

electricity is distributed to the High Tension Room of the building. The electricity is then step

down by the transformer to 433V and move to the Low Voltage Room to supply electricity

to Riser Room of every floor of the building. The Rise Room will distribute the electrical

supply throughout the floors. The High Tension Room, Transformer Room and Low Voltage

Room are located next to each other to reduce the voltage drop because the further current

has to travel.

The diagram show the Genset room (starting from the left), Low Voltage Room, Transformer

Room and High Tension Room.

The location of electrical room in Lower Ground Level.



High Tension Room

The High Tension Room is located at the lower ground level along the street for

easier accessibility. The High Tension Room receive 11kV of electricity that distribute from

the TNB substation and transfer it to Transformer Room. The High Tension Room will split

the electricity and fed into different transformer. Before the electricity transmit to

transformer, it will pass through Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB). VCB is a kind of circuit

breaker that provide overcurrent protection.

High Tension Room



Transformer Room

The Transformer Room is located next to the High Tension Room. Step-down

transformers are placed in this room to step down 11kV of electricity from the High Tension

Room to 433V. Jaya Shopping Centre has total 3 transformer, 2 transformer supply to the

Main Switch Board (MSB) in Low Voltage Room for distribution and 1 transformer to the

chiller room. The type of transformer used in Jaya Shopping Centre is dry transformer.

MS 1525: 2014 7.3 Transformers

7.3.1 All supply voltage transformers in the building’s electrical system shall be selected

based on their overall efficiency according to their load profile, taking account of the capital

cost and cost of losses. Such a selection can be based on the following typical loss

characteristics for the different transformer ratings as shown in Tables 16, 17 and 18. The

losses indicated in Tables 16, 17 and 18 are valid for low voltage distribution transformers

and shall be applicable for secondary windings from 400 V to 433 V.

Dry transformer with protective metal cage.



Transformer panel

Reading of the transformer panel



Low Voltage Room

The Low Voltage Room is located next to Transformer Room. It is where the Main

Switch Board (MSB) located. The MSB receive the electricity from the transformer and

supply electricity to the Distribution Board (DB) of Riser Room at every floor of the building.

Each switchboards are protected and controlled by electrical disconnect switches and circuit

breaker. In Jaya Shopping Centre, there are 3 MSB and 1 Essential Main Switch Board

(EMSB). The EMSB is used to supply electricity to equipment that are essential during

emergency.

Main Switch Board (MSB)

Incoming supply from transforme



Capacitor Bank

A capacitor bank consist of a group of capacitors that functions as to correct power

lags and fluctuations of electricity supply into the building through the temporary increase

of stored energy.

MS 1525 Clauses 7.5

7.5 Power factor

Power factor for motors shall be corrected to better than 0.85 when operating at duty

point, to minimise losses due to reactive currents in the cables back to the main

switchboard.

The average power factor of the loads being served by the transformer should not be less

than 0.85 or the utility tariff’s penalty baseline. In cases where load power factors fall below

the baseline penalty value, power factor correction to a value exceeding the penalty

baseline should be provided for, whether through automatic or manual correction.

Power factor correction capacitors should be the low loss type with losses per kVAR not

exceeding 0.35 W at upper temperature limit excluding the losses in the discharge resistors.

Capacitor bank



Bus bar Coupler

Bus bar coupler is a device that is used to couple one bar to the other without any

interruption in power supply. Normally, the bus bar coupler is located in between MSB 1

and MSB 2 for shorter route for the transmission of power.

The bus bar coupler.



Riser Room

Rise room can be found at every floor of Jaya Shopping Centre. The Riser Room

consist of Distribution Board (DB), which is a smaller panel board that receive electricity

from the Main Switch Board (MSB) and supply electricity to every electric appliances of the

particular floor. Besides that, the Riser Room also consist of an Essential Distribution Board

(ESB) that receive the electricity from generator during emergency.

UBBL Section 240 (1)

Every floor or zone of any floor with a net area exceeding 929 square meters shall be

provided with an electrical isolation switch located within a staircase enclosure to permit

the disconnection of electrical power supply to the relevant floor or zone served. The Riser

Room is located next to the staircase.

Riser Room



Distribution Board (DB)

Essential Distribution Board (EDB).



Incoming supply from Main Switch Board (MSB).



Generator Set Room

The Generator Set Room is located next to the Lower Voltage Room. The generator

act as a backup electrical supply source when there is an electrical breakdown from the TNB

station. The generator will generate electricity automatically within 5 seconds by using

diesel after it detected that there is no electrical supply from TNB station. The generator can

supply 1500kVa to the building. The electricity generated will transfer to EMSB in Low

Voltage Room, then to the ESB in Riser Room. The generator will generate electricity for the

building until the power supply has been regained. The engineer will check the generator

half a year to make sure the generator is working.

UBBL Section 253 (1)

Emergency power system shall be provided to supply illumination and power automatically

in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of the

system supplying power and illumination essential for safety to life and property.

Generator Set



Automatic Main Failure (AMF) board

Automatic Main Failure (AMF) board is located in Generator Set Room. The function

of AMF board is an automatic board that give signal and automatically pull the trigger to

start the generator when there are electrical breakdown from the TNB station

Automatic Main Failure (AMF) board in Generator Set Room.



Diesel Tank

The generators are powered by using the diesel. A full tank of diesel in placed in the

Generator Set Room to run the generator and supply the electricity for the building.

Diesel tank in Generator Set Room

Ventilation System

The generator will also generating heat when it is generating the electricity. A ventilation is

very important as it cool the generator to prevent the generator overheating.

Ventilation System at Generator Set Room.



Rubber Mat

Rubber mat is placed on the floor in front of electrical boards in every electrical

rooms as a safety equipment for the maintenance users. These rubber mats will act as an

insulator to minimize the chances of electric shocks when there is a high voltage current

leakage.

Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulation 1994

Regulation 19. Arrangement of switchboard in general.

(2) A rubber mat of suitable size and thickness shall be placed on the floor in front of every

switchboard to prevent danger of electric shock to an operator.

Rubber mat



Cable tray

The cable tray is used to support all the electrical cables in electrical rooms.

Cable tray



CONCLUSION

All in all, building services in a building is a very significant system in a shopping mall

hence Jaya Shopping Centre have been doing a great job. Besides, all of our group members

had noticed that the facilities were being managed well and taken well care of by the

Facilities Management as they have been doing regular maintenance and making sure

everything is under controlled by patrolling the facilities every day.

For the Fire Protection System, it is installed in with a complete and sufficient

strategy for both passive and active design. In order to let people in the shopping mall to

escape and evacuate correctly and properly during emergencies, clear instructions and

direction are given.

Furthermore, ACMV system (Air-Conditioning Mechanical Ventilation) is being

carried out effectively in this 12 storeys mall including the basement carpark, shopping mall

and management office level. One of the suggestions is to install more AHU (Air Handling

Unit) which can distributed the conditioned air to different areas of the mall equally so that

the air is in good conditioned, cool and comfort.

By doing a further observation, there is a minor problem in Mechanical

Transportation which is the quality of the product since it does not perform as well as it is

thence the technicians have to pay more attention to them especially the travelators. Apart

from that, the facilities are placed in a strategic location which it is within the people

walking distance.

Besides, for the Electrical Power Supply System, the arrangement of each system is

well designed and well maintain to be able to work on daily basis. The system run smoothly

and supply undisrupted amount of electricity to the building

Last but not least, this building has followed the rules and regulations set by the

Department of Standards Malaysia such as MS1525 for most of the HVAC

(Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning System) and UBBL which stands for Uniform

Building By-Law.



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"TNB Better. Brighter." TNB Better. Brighter. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2016.

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assignment 2 - jaya shopping centre

Education