Hm¬sse³

Assk³saâv

hnjbw : amXr-`m-jm-t_m-[-\-¯nse kmaq-ly-hn-`-h-§-fpw,

hnZymÀ°n {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw

t»mKv

AizXn ca-W³

ae-bmfw

16814350004

]mTm-kq-{XWw

Ah-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ hmÀ²Iyw

BapJw

kaq-lhpw kvIqfp-ambn At`-Zy-amb _Ô-am-Wp-f-f-Xv. kaq-l-¯nsâ Hcp

sNdnb {]Xn-cq-]-amWv kvIqÄ F¶p-f-f-Xv. kaq-l-¯n \n¶v Hä-s¸« kvIqfn\v \

ne-\n¸n-Ã. ImcWw AXv kaq-l-¯nsâ Øm]-\-am-Wv. kvIqfn \n¶v t\Sp¶

Adn-hn-s\m¸w Xs¶ Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fn \n¶v t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m\pw Hcp ]mSv

Imcy-§-fp-v. amXr-`m-jm-t_m-[\w Imcy-£-a-am-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Ip«n-I-fnÂ

XmÂ]cyw hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\pw kmaq-ly-hn-`-h-§-fpsS D]-tbmKw Bh-iy-am-

Wv. ]T-\s¯ klm-bn-¡p¶ Hcp ]co-£-W-im-e-bmWv kaq-lw. kmaq-ln-I, km¼-

¯n-I, cmjv{So-b, kmwkv¡m-cn-I-amb hnhn[ t{kmX-Êp-IÄ kaq-l-¯n-ep-v.

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS Nne {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä hgn Ah-cpsS amXr-`m-j-tbbpw kmln-Xy-

s¯bpw t]mjn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

A]-{K-Y\wHcp kvIqfns\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw AXn\v kaq-lhpambn hf-sc-b-[nIw

_Ôw Dv. kaql hn`-h-§sf ]e hn`m-K-§-fmbn hn`-Pn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

þ ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ (kvam-c-I-§Ä, ayqkn-b-§Ä, hnhn[ sse{_-dn-IÄ)

þ A`n-ap-J-¯n\v th-bm-fp-IÄ (km-ln-Xy-Im-c-·mÀ)

þ hnj-b-hn-Z-Kv²À (hy-àn-IÄ, Nm\Â)

þ {]mtZ-inI ka-Im-eo\ kw`-h-§Ä (km-ln-Xy-NÀ¨-IÄ, Ihn-b-c-§v, IY-b-c-§v)

þ Zriy-am-[y-a-§-fpw, {]kn-²o-I-c-W-§fpw (Zn-\-]-{X-§Ä, B\p-Im-enI

kmlnXy {]kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä)

þ sSen-hn-j³, tdUntbm (hn-hn[ kmln-Xym-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ, hmÀ¯-

IÄ)

amXr-`mjm t_m[-\-¯nse hnZymÀ°n {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS Nne {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä hgn Ah-cpsS amXr-`m-j-tbbpw

kmln-Xy-s¯bpw t]mjn-¸n-¡m³ Ignbpw

1. {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä

kmlnXy kw_-Ôn-bmb ]pkvX-I-§-fp-sSbpw aäp hkvXp-X-I-fp-sSbpw

{]ZÀi\w kwL-Sn-¸n-¡pI F¶Xv Hcp {][m\ {]hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. hyàn-I-fp-tStbm

kwL-S-\-I-fp-tStbm tiJ-c-§Ä {]ZÀi-\-¯n\v \ÂIm\pw AXn-\mbn Ah-cpambn Bi-

b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯m-\p-ap-ff Ah-k-c-§Ä hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v sImSp-¡-Ww. BZy-

Ime kmlnXy cN-\-IÄ, a¬a-dª hniz-{]-kn-²-cmb Fgp-¯p-Im-cpsS Nn{X-§Ä,

hnhn[ kmlnXy {]Øm-\-§-fpsS hfÀ¨sb ImWn-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ ]pkvX-I-§-fpsS

{]ZÀi\w Ch DZm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv.

2. ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ

Gähpw ]g-¡-ap-ff Hcp ]T\ am[y-a-amWv ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ. Pohn-X-K-Ôn-

bmb A\p-`-h-§Ä hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v e`n-¡m³ ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ

Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fn \S-¡p¶ kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§-fpsS bYmÀ° Nn{Xw ]T-\-bm-{X-

IÄ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v \ÂIp-¶p. kmaq-ly-]m-T-¯n ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ¡v AXp-ey-

amb Hcp ]¦m-Wp-f-f-Xv.

hyXy-kvX-Xcw ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ

1. Ønco-I-c-Wm-ßI ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ

Imcy-§sf ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-Wn-¯cw bm{X-IÄ \S-¯p-¶Xv

2. At\z-j-Wm-ßI ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ

]pXnb Imcy-§Ä Is-¯pI F¶ e£y-t¯msS ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ \S-¯m-dp-v.

]T-\-bm-{X-Isf hopw A©mbn hÀ¤o-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

1. {]mtZ-inI kvIqÄ bm{X-IÄ

kvIqfnsâ Xs¶ hyXykvX `mK-§-fn-te¡v \S-¯p¶ bm{X-I-fm-Wnh

2. kaq-l-bm-{X-IÄ

kvIqfnsâ sXm«-Sp¯ kaq-l-¯n e`y-amb ayqkn-b-§Ä, ImgvN-_w-¥mhv

XpS-§n-bh ImWm-\p-ff bm{X-Isf Cu hn`m-K-¯n s]Sp¯mw

3. Zqc-bm-{X-IÄ

{]tXyIw X¿m-dm-¡nb _Êp-I-fn Znh-k-§Ä \op \n¡p¶ bm{X-I-fm-Wnh

4. km¦Â]nI bm{X-IÄ

Hcp ]T-\-bm-{X-bv¡m-h-iy-amb FÃm Bkq-{X-W-§fpw \S-¯p-Ibpw

bm{Xbv¡v ]Icw Ne-\-Nn-{X-§-fn-eq-sS-tbm, t^mt«m-I-fn-eq-sStbm Øe-§Ä

ImWp¶ coXn-bm-WnXv

5. hyàn-K-X-bm-{X-IÄ

Hcp hnZyÀ°nt¡m Hcp {Kq¸nt\m ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«

{]hÀ¯-\-sa¶ \ne-bn \S-¯p¶ bm{X-I-fm-Wn-h.

aq¶v L«-§-fmWv Hcp ]T-\-bm-{X-bn-ep-f-fXv

1. bm{X¡v thn X¿m-dm-hpI

2. bm{X kwL-Sn-¸n-¡pI

3. bm{X-bpsS aqey-\n˨bw

kmlnXy ¢_v {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä

kmln-Xy-¯n XmÂ]cyw hfÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv Cu ¢ºv {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ e£yw.

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS kÀ¤m-ß-I-amb Ign-hp-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ Cu ¢_v {]hÀ¯-\-§-

fn-eqsS Ign-bp-¶p. Iq«mbn {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä sN¿p-¶Xv sImv Ip«n-I-fn kl-I-cW

at\m-`mhw hf-cm³ km[y-X-bp-v. ¢ºnsâ B`n-ap-Jy-¯n Xmsg ]d-bp¶

{]hÀ¯-\-§Ä \S-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

þ hnhn[ kmln-Xy-c-N\m aÕ-c-§Ä

þ hmb\m aÕcw

þ Ihn-b-c§pw IY-b-c§pw

þ ]pkvXI NÀ¨-IÄ

þ B\p-Im-enI kmln-Xy-kw-`-h-§sf Bkv]-Z-am-¡n-bp-ff NÀ¨-IÄ

¢ºv {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä \S-¯m-\p-ff \S-]-Sn-IÄ

Dt±iy§sf kw_-Ôn¨ NÀ¨

A[ym-]n-I-þ-hn-ZymÀ°n Bkq-{XWw

{]hÀ¯\w \S-¸n-em-¡m³

kl-I-c-Wm-ßI aqey-\nÀ®bw

{]ivt\m-¯cn `mjm-t_m-[-\-¯nÂ

{]ivt\m-¯cn Hcp {][m\ hnZymÀ°n {]hÀ¯-\-hpw, Hcm-[p-\nI t_m[-\-X-

{´-hp-am-Wv. ka-Im-eo\ kmlnXy kw`-h-§sf Ipdn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {]ivt\m-

¯cnIfn-eqsS Ign-bp-¶-Xm-Wv. CXv hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡n-S-bn Btcm-Ky-]-c-

amb aÕcw hfÀ¯m\pw {]ivt\m-¯-cn-IÄ klm-bn-¡pw. ¢mÊvap-dn-bn {]ivt\

m-¯cn \S-¯m³ aq¶v L«-§-fm-Wp-f-f-Xv.

1. Bkq-{XWw

GXv Xc-¯n-ep-ff {]ivt\m-¯-cn-bmWv \S-¯p-¶Xv F¶v Xocp-am-\n-¡-

Ww. Zriy-am-[y-a-§Ä {]ivt\m-¯-cn-bn-ep-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. CXv

hnZymÀ°n-IÄ ]c-kv]cw tNmZyw tNmZn-¡p¶ coXn, {Kq¸-Sn-Øm-\-

¯n-ep-ff {]ivt\m-¯cn F¶n-h-sbÃmw \S-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

2. \nÀÆ-lWw

efn-X-amb `mj D]-tbm-Kn¨v hnj-b-¯n-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb tNmZy-§sf

tNmZn-¡m-hq. AXv hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS hfÀ¨m-L-«-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-am-h-

Ww. ]T-\-hn-j-b-hp-am-bp-ff _Ôw {]ivt\m-¯-cn-¡n-S-bn kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv

^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

3. aqey-\n˨bw

{]ivt\m-¯-cn-bpsS ^e-{]m]vXn F{X-t¯m-f-ap-s¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä, ]¦m-fn¯w F¶n-h-sbÃmw hni-I-e\w sNt¿--

Xp-v.

D]-kw-lmcw

kvIqfpw kaq-lhpambn At`-Zy-amb _Ô-am-Wp-f-f-Xv. ]T-\-bm-{X-I-fn-

eq-sS-bpw, {]mtZ-inI ka-Im-eo\ kw`-h-§Ä, sSen-hn-j³, tdUntbm Ch-bn-eq-

sS-sbÃmw Ip«n-I-fn kaq-l-hp-ambn Hcp _Ôw Dm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

hnZymÀ°n-I-fp-tS-Xmb ]T-\-bm-{X-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw, kmln-Xy-¢ºv {]hÀ¯-\-§-

fn-eq-sS-bpw, {]ivt\m-¯cn `mjm-t_m-[-\-¯n-eq-sSbpw Ip«n-I-fn amXr-

`mjm t_m[\w Dm-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p.

klmb {KÙ-§Ä

1. kn. Fw. _nµp (2011) amXr-`m-jm-t_m-[\w (2-þmw ]Xn-¸v) tImgn-

t¡mSv kvtImÀ]ntbm & Unkv{Sn-_yq-«À

2. Hcp kwLw teJ-IÄ (2002) hnZym-`ymk ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v Hcm-apJw (3-

þmw ]Xn-¸v) tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j¯v XrÈqÀ þ4