asphalt the bottom of the barrel sponsored by: minnesota ltap center presented by: michael marti,...
TRANSCRIPT
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AsphaltThe Bottom of the Barrel
Sponsored by: Minnesota LTAP Center
Presented by: Michael Marti, P.E.SRF Consulting Group, Inc.
Dan Wegman, P.E.SemMaterials
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Crude Oil Distillation
100
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800
900
% Volume Boiled Off0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Butanes & Lighter
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene/Jet Fuel/Diesel
Gas Oils
AtmosphericLight Vacuum
Heavy Vacuum
Resid
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Asphalt Cement (AC)
• End product - crude oil distillation• Chemistry
– crude source– refining method
Chemistry Physical
Properties Performance
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Primary use of ACHot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
Aggregate
AC
Mix Plant
Paving
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AC Quality• Three major failure modes:
– Rutting (AC too soft at high temperatures; aggregate structure not strong enough)
– Thermal cracking (AC too hard/brittle at low temperatures)
– Fatigue cracking (AC ages and eventually “wears out”)
• Grade & Quality of AC determines resistance to failure
• Chemistry determines AC quality
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Asphalt Cement - Penetration
• Asphalts originally “penetration graded”– Penetration at 25°C (77°F) “ambient temperature” – Softer (higher pen) - colder climates– Harder (lower pen) - hotter climates– 85/100, 120/150, 200/300
100 g100 g
penetration0 sec
5 sec
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Asphalt Cement - Viscosity
• Later, “Viscosity graded” Viscosity = Resistance to flow
– Absolute Viscosity at 60°C (140°F) - Summer pavement temperature • AC-20 = 2000 ±20% (1600-2400) poise
• AC-10 = 800-1200 p• AC-5 = 400-600 p
– Softer (lower viscosity) - colder climates
vacuum
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Performance Graded Asphalts
– Performance at high and low temperatures– SHRP Super Pave PG (Performance Grades)– PG Grading system based on:
• Climate (Temperatures in ºC)• Risk (Reliability Factor)• Traffic speed and load (Grade “Bumping”)
– PG 64-28 • 5-day High Pavement Temp, 64 °C = 147 °F
• Single day Coldest Air Temp, -28°C = -18 °F