ASPETTI SPECIFICI DELLA

PREPARAZIONE TECNICO-TATTICA

NELL TENNIS

Miguel Crespo, PhD.

ITF Development Research Officer

SEMINARIO INTERNAZIONALE SPORT DI RACHETTA

OUTLINE

III. PERIODISATION

MODELS

I. TERMS OF

REFERENCE

II. EVOLUTION

OF TENNIS TRAINING

SYSTEMS

IV. CONCLUSIONS

SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE TECHNICAL

AND TACTICAL TRAINING IN TENNIS

KNOWLEDGE AREAS

SPORT SCIENCE

APPLIED

RESEARCH

TECHNOLOGY /

WEB BASED

STUDIES

PLAYERS

HIGH

PERFORMANCE

LONG – TERM

DEVELOPMENT

TENNIS

MATCH CHARTING

I. TERMS OF REFERENCEI. TERMS OF REFERENCE

KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS

KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS

KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS

Saviano (2001)

TennisLMS Components

National

Coach

Regional

Coach

Personal

Coach

Fitness

Coach

Players

Knudson & Morrison (1997)

KNOWING THE GAME - TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

TACTICAL ANALYSISTACTICAL ANALYSIS

(Reid, 2010)

Maes (2011)

FROM THE ORIGINS TO

HARRY HOPMAN

• Up to 1960

• No scientific principles

applied

• Experiential based

• No periodisation

•No conditioning /

mental

• Rally / match based

• Emphasis on technical

– tactical contents

THE INFLUENCE OF

HARRY HOPMAN

• Condition based

• Drills with lots of balls

• Coach as a feeder

• Many players per court

• High intensity

• Importance of stroke

repetition

• Emphasis on technical

– physical contents

MODERN TRAINING

SYSTEMS

• Sport science based• Biomechanics

• Conditioning

• Psychology

• Physiology

• Game based

methodology

• Off court (gym)

• Importance of injury

prevention

•Emphasis on tactics

II. EVOLUTION OF THE TENNIS

TRAINING SYSTEMS

SOME TRAINING “SYSTEMS”

THE CZECH

SYSTEMTHE

SWEDISH

SYSTEMTHE

GERMAN

SYSTEMTHE

ARGENTINE

SYSTEMTHE

RUSSIAN

SYSTEM

THE US

SYSTEM

SOME TENNIS TRAINING “PHILOSOPHIES”

THE

SPANISH

SYSTEM

Strategies and methods used to

improve the performance of the

player Schonborn (1998)

LEARNING

Acquisition of

new skills

APPLICATION

Implementation or use

of skills in match play

situation

CORRECTION

Improvement of

learned skills or

wrongly applied ones

BASIC GOALS OF THE TENNIS TRAINING

STABILISATION

Use of skills in

training situation

Crespo et al. (2001)

• The coach or a player puts the

ball in play

• Basket

• Rally for consistency ���� targets

• Less decision making

• Less closer to match situation

DEAD BALL DRILLS

TENNIS TRAINING SYSTEMS

• Points ���� Attack / Defense

• Practice matches

• More decision making ����

conditions / rules

• Closer to the match situation

LIVE BALL DRILLS

TECHNICAL /TECHNICAL /

TACTICALTACTICAL

TRAININGTRAINING

RALLY WITH

THE COACH

HAND - BASKET

FEEDING

RALLY AMONG

PLAYERS

TECHNIQUE – TACTICS

Variability +

Uncertainty +

Decision Making +

TECHNIQUE

Variability –

Uncertainty –

Decision Making –

TACTICS

Variability ++

Uncertainty ++

Decision Making ++POINT – MATCH

PRACTICE

TENNIS TRAINING SYSTEMS

BASKET FEEDING

TECHNICAL ***

Stroke

repetitions

TACTICAL*

Game patterns:

Series of shots

with decision

making!!

CONDITION***

Movement

patterns

MENTAL*

Routines

BASKET

FEEDINGTECHNICAL Baseline Game

Approaching the net

Passing the net player

Serve & Return

Serve

(flat, spin, slice)

Return (offensive

Defensive)

FH/ BH

(flat, spin, slice,

inside out,

on the run)

FH/BH Approach

FH/BH volley

Smash

TRAINING

SYSTEM

MATCH

SITUATION

STROKE /

VariationGOAL

SUBGOALS

Direction

Depth

Height

Consistency

Power/Speed

Spin

TECHNIQUE

TACTICS

PLAYING THE GAME

• Technique Is the priority

• Tactics are taught when the player

was able to master the technique

• Matches are played when players

were able to rally consistently

OPEN

SITUATION

CLOSED

SITUATIONUSE

ONLY

OF

ANALYTIC

METHODS

FOR

ALL

PLAYERS

TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODOLOGY

• The priority is THE GAME (GBA)

• Tactics should be understood (WHAT)

• Technique should be mastered (HOW)

• Matches are the basis of training

• Technique is taught to better implement tactics

TECHNIQUE

TACTICS

PLAYING THE GAME

PLAYING THE GAME

OPEN

SITUATION

OPEN

SITUATION

(match)

CLOSED

SITUATION

(drills)

USE OF

ANALYTIC

METHODS

(basket, etc.)

GLOBAL

METHODS

(i.e. game

situations)

GLOBAL

METHODS

(i.e. Match

situations)

MODERN TEACHING METHODOLOGY

DRILL

SERIES

STROKE

SESSION

ACUMMULATION

TRANSFORMATION

PERFORMANCE

MACROCICLE

MICROCICLE

PART OF THE SESSION

III. FUNDAMENTALS OF PERIODISATION

SEASON

PREPARATION COMPETITION

Main

competitions

General

preparation

Specific

Preparation

Tr a

nsi

t io

n

Imp

. C

om

pe

t.

Volume Intensity Form

MACROCYCLE

CLASSIC PERIODISATION STRUCTURE

Períodos

Etapas

Meses

Mesociclos

Tipo

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Microciclos 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 26 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 9

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 12 18 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 8 13

Actividades

Test Físico x x x x

Test téc-tác x x x x x x

Pmédicas x x x x x

C.Preparatoria x x x x x

Olim.

Nac.x x x x x

Copa

Davisx x

Comp. Fundamental X X

V. Prep. F. Gral

Resistencia

Fuerza

Saltos Piométricos

Velocidad

Flexibilidad

Dep. Auxiliar

Volumen T. PTT

Profundidad y Cons.GF

GF y aprox.

volea y remate

saque y devol.

juego de doble

Dobles mixtos

Juegos de Singles

Volumen total

Intensidad

Volumen

5

4

Enero Febrero

Básico Desarrollador

1

1260'

360'

1620'

7070'

720'

720'

480'

510'

320'

720'

5670'

5

4

3

Junio Julio

5

Precompetitivo

1400' / 640 rep

240'

120'

640 rep

3060'

8520'

2,775'/ 1.080 rep

270'

360'

270'

2160'

6630'

600'

180'

1080 rep

270'

1080'

360'

7650'

1560'

360'

540'

1800'

9465'

1020'

1260'

720'

870'

1710'

180'

2250'

10290'

3-4

5

345'

Marzo Abril Mayo

3

Desarrollador Especial

2280' / 1040 rep

570'

Estabilizador

2,640'/ 1.080 rep

390'

630'

1040 rep

540'

1080'

8610'

1980'

720'

660'

570'

2160'

360'

2160'

10890'

4-5

5

540'

1,080 rep

270'

1 080'

540'

7590'

1980'

540'

720'

5

Mayo Junio

Especial Competitivo

4

1890' / 800 rep

330'

180'

800 rep

Plan de Entrenamiento Equipo Mayores Masculino 2006

Juegos

Centro

americanos

Julio

6

Preparatorio Competitivo

Competitivo

660'

Febrero Marzo

2

360'

60'

300'

1080'

120'

120'

1980'

720'

4

540'

720'

2640'

5

Agosto

7

Tránsito

Tránsito

General Especial Pre-Competitiva Competitiva

ACCUMULATIVE

CYCLE

TRANSFORMATION

CYCLE

REALISATION

CYCLE

MESOCYCLE

GENERAL

MESOCYCLE

ESPECIFIC

MICROCYCLE

WEEKMICROCYCLE

WEEK

MICROCYCLE

WEEK

MICROCYCLE

WEEK

A.T.R. A.T.R. A.T.R.

ATR PERIODISATION MODEL

PHYS WUP

TECH WUP

RALLY FIX

RALLY MOV

BASKET

SERV-RET

GAMES

MATCHES

ACCUMULA – GENERAL – ESPECIFIC – REALISAT.

%VOL INT VOL INT VOL INT VOL INT

15 -

8 -

32 1-2

6 1-2

20 1-2

9 -

10 -

0 -

13 -

8 -

20 3-4

20 3-4

20 3-4

9 -

10 -

0 -

10 -

8 -

8 4-5

20 4-5

10 5

9 -

7 -

28 -

15 -

8 -

10 5

20 5

5 5

9 -

12 -

21 -

VOLUME AND INTENSITIES ACCORDING

TO THE TRAINING CYCLE

Porta (2008)

(Sanzol, A. 2010)

Maes (2011)

GAME STYLE OF THE PLAYER

AS THE BASIS OF PERIODISATION

INTERACTION OF

ALL FACTORS

INTEGRITY OF THE GAME

FOCUS

INTENSITY

CREATIVITY

SPECIFICITY

NO PEAKS

CONSISTENT

LEVEL IN SEASON

TACTICAL PERIODISATION

APPLIED TO TENNIS

LOAD �

SAME ALL

SEASON

VOLUME = STRESS

ADAPTATION

COMPETITION

UNPREDICTABILITY

COMPLEX – INTEGRATED –

COMBINED

• Inter/Multi

disciplinary

• Work all contents

• Technically based

training is obsolete

• Variability

• Adaptation

• Control of training

load (internal &

external)

• Work : rest ratios

• Driven by competition

and results

INFLUENCE OF RESEARCH

• Crucial to be updated

• Review the new

trends from research

• Adapt them to daily

practice

• Tennis – specific

results

• Need for more

research � lots

unknown

• Technology more

affordable and user

friendly

IMPORTANCE OF

EXPERIENCE

• Players and top

coaches views

• Intuition is crucial

• Relevance of tactics

and game

understanding

• Creativity

• Vision of the future of

the game

IV. CONCLUSIONS