Aspek Keselamatan Dalam PJK dan Sukan

Aspek Keselamatan Dalam PJK dan Sukan1. Melakukan aktiviti memanaskan badan, regangan otot dan kelonggaran sendi sebelum melakukan aktiviti yanglebih berat dan lakukan aktiviti menyejukkan badan selepas latihan.

2. Latihan bersistematik. latihan perlu dirancang dan ditentukan terlebuh dahulu sebelum melaksanakannya. jangansesekali melakukan aktiviti yang tidak diketahui faedah dan akibatnya.

3. kenal pasti kecergasan diri. setiap individu mempunyai tahap kecergasan yang berbeza. tetapkan objektif latihanmengikut kecergasan diri masing-masing4. kenal pasti kemampuan diri. lakukan aktiviti mengikut tahan kemampuan masing-masing. jangan memaksa dirimelakukan aktiviti melebihi had keupayaan masing-masing.

5. persekitaran dan tempat aktiviti yang sesuai. pastikan persekitaran tempat yang selamat. salamat untuk diri sendiridan orang lain.

6. kemudahan peralatan. pastikan anda mempunyai peralatan yang sesuai untuk melakukan aktiviti. alatantermasuklah juga pakaian yang sesuai untuk aktiviti.

7. perlakuan yang betul. jangan melakukan aktiviti dengan cara yang salah. ini akan membahayakan diri anda.TOTAPS is a process for injury diagnosis that can be used with relative safety for the sideline management of a sprain or sprain. It is NOT for injuries to the neck or back, or for head injuries or athletes that are unconscious. In these cases First Aids ABC is the procedure to use

T Talk to the athlete:- find out about the pain - sharp, dull, aching, throbbing- how the injury occurred - cause and mechanism - site of injury- deformity- abnormal sounds - grating, snap, pop, compare with other injuries

O Observe:

- mental state- consciousness- position of the body- size- position- shape- colour- athlete's pupils and facial expression

T Touch:

- feel - lumps, depression, swelling, heat, points of tenderness- skin- soft tissues- bones

A Active Movement:- Functional tests - for muscles and joints- Ask to athlete to move their limb. Can they move through a full range. - Is there pain through part or all of the range- Assess their willingness to move

P Passive Movement:- Gently put the joint or part through a normal range of movement - Move the limb for them. Watch for reactions to pain- Check for instabilityS Skill Test:

- If none of these produce pain, then test the athlete to ensure he/she may return to play.

DRABC

DANGER- to you- to other- to the casualtymake sure that no one elso gets hurt. You will not be able to help if you are also a casualtyonly proceed if it is safe to do so.

RESPOND

- is the casualty consious?gently shake the casualty and ask : 'Can you hear me?' , 'What is your name?'if the casualty is conscious,check for and manage bleeding and other injuriesif the casualty is unconscious,he/she should be turned on the side.

Turning an unconscious casualty on the side to clear and open the airwayKneel beside the casualty.Place the casualty's farther arm at a right angle to the body.Place the nearer arm across the chest.Bend the nearer knee up.Roll the casualty away from you.Support the casualty in this position until airway and breathing have been checked.

A Clear and open the AIRWAYClearing the airwaywith the casualty supported on the side,tilt the head backwards and slightly down.Open the mouth and clear any foreign object.Only remove dentures if loose or broken.

Opening the airwayPlace one hand high on the casualty's forehead.Support the chin with the other hand.Gently tilt the head backwards.Lift the jaw forward and open the casualty's mouth slightly.

AIRWAY

Clearing the airway WIth the casualty supported on the side,tilt the head backwards and slightly down.Open the mouth and clear any foreign objects.Only remove dentures if loose or broken.Opening the airwayPlace one hand high on the casualty's forehead.Support the chin with the other hand.Gently tilt the head backwards.Lift the jaw and open the casualty's mouth slightly.

BREATHING

- look for the chest rising and falling. - listen for the sound of breathing- feel woth your cheekif the casualty is breathing , ensure that he/she is in a stable side position. Check for and managed bleeding and other injuries.if the casualty is not breathing . turn onto the back and commence EAR (expired air resuscitation) , giving 5 full breaths in 10 seconds.

EAR (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)

Knee beside the casualty.Keep the casualty's ehad tilted back.Pinch the casualty's nostrils with your fingers or seal with your cheek.Lift the jaw forward with your other hand.Take a deep breath and open your mouth wide.Place your mouth firmly over the casualty's mouth making an airtight seal.Breathe into the casualty's mouth.Remove your mouth and turn your head to observe the chest fall and listen or feel for exhaled air.If the chest does not rise and fall , check head tilt position first , then check for and clear foreign objects in the airway.Give 5 full breaths in 10 seconds , then check the carotid (neck) pulse for 5 seconds. If pulse is present, continue EAR at the rate of 15 breaths per minute.CIRCULATION

feel the pulse at the neck (carotid pulse)if pulse is present , continue EAR at the rate of 15 breaths per minute. Check breathing anf the pulse after 1 minute, then after every 2 minutesif pulse is not present, commence CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)check breathing and the pulse after 1 minute , then after every2 minutes. If the pulse returns, continue EAR. If breathing returns , turn the casualty to a stable side position. Check for and manage shock, bleeding and other injuriesseek medical aid.

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