asme nanoengineering for medicine and biology (nemb), feb. 7 - 10, 2010 —houston dna damage by...
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
DNA Damage by Nanoparticles
Thomas PrevenslikQED Radiation
Berlin and Hong Kong
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Introduction NPs offer significant technological advancements as
antibacterial agents in food processing, reducing infections in burn treatment, sunscreen skin lotions, and
treating cancer tumors.
However, NPs have a darkside
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Over the past few decades, experiments have shown NPs produce ROS of hydroxyl radicals that cause apoptosis/cell death and single and double strand breaks in the DNA.
ROS = Reactive Oxidative Species
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
DNA and ROS Energies
Direct DNA require at least photolysis at UV levels. The DNA ionization potential ~ 7.5 to 10 eV. Breaking
SS and DS in dry DNA ~ above 7 eV.
Indirect ROS cause SS and DS breaks by chemical reaction ~ 5.2 eV break H-OH.
At least 5.2 eV required to produce ROS3
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Oxidative Stress Paradigm
ROS are correlated with the surface area of <100 nm NPs
Problem – Coarse PM > 300 nm enhance ROS
Surface activity is the ROS mechanism.
Problem – Surface energy << 5.2 eV cannot produce ROS
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
DNA Damage by EM Radiation
Experiments over past 20 years show DNA damage by NPs that by conventional EM
radiation beyond the UV.
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mimics
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Hypothesis
NPs in body fluids produce EM radiation beyond the UV that generates the ROS
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Proposal
QED Radiation from NPs is the source of EM radiation
QED = quantum electrodynamics
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
QED Radiation
Classically, heat (EM energy) is conserved by an increase in temperature.
But at the nanoscale, QM restricts the atom vanishing heat capacity so heat cannot be conserved by an increase in temperature.
QM = quantum mechanics
QED allows absorbed heat to be conserved at the by frequency up-conversion to the NP resonance followed by the emission of
nonthermal EM radiation
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
QED Radiation
From QM, QED creates photons of wavelength upon supplying EM energy to a QM box with walls separated by /2.
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QM restricts the heat content of atoms depending on temperature and EM confinement given by the Einstein-
Hopf relation for harmonic oscillator
rn/c
f D2 hfEP
For a QM box comprising a spherical NP of diameter D and refractive index nr the equations may be written
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Einstein-Hopf Relation
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1 10 100 1000
Wavelength - - microns
Pla
nck
Ene
rgy
- E -
eV
1
kT
hcexp
hc
E
10NPs
0.0258 eV Heat
capacity vanishes
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
NPs produce QED Radiation
• • • Heat Capacity Vanishes
No Temperature change
EM
Emission
= 2Dnr
Molecular
Collisions NP
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Purpose
Show QED radiation:
has the energy > 5.2 eV to produce ROS in the oxidative stress paradigm,
the mechanism that allows the oxidative stress paradigm to be valid even in the presence of PM,
an alternative to signaling in cell-to-cell communication of traditional biology using data from :
University of Bristol PNNL – Low Dose Radiation Laboratory
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
NPs and Biological Cells
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Collision
DNA Damage
H2OHydroxyl Radical
NP
Biological Cell Wall
UV• UV
• NP
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Collisional Power
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
NP Diameter - D - nm
Col
lisio
nal P
ower
- Q
C -
nW
avag2
C N/MWm,m
kTpPD
32Q
Collision Power
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
QED Radiation as ROS Source
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0.1
1
10
100
1000
1 10 100 1000 10000
NP Diameter - D - nm
Pla
nck
Ene
rgy
- E P
- e
V
1.E+12
1.E+15
1.E+18
1.E+21
1.E+24
1.E+27E P
dNP /dt
QE
D P
hoto
n ra
te -
dNP /
dt.
Non-IonizeIonize
Silver nr = 1.35
CP
P Qdt
dNE Collision Power
QED radiation > 5.2 eV to produce ROS
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
QED Radiation Explains increase in ROS by PM
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d
dUV
UV
NIRD
Collision
Collisions
DNA
DNA
PM increase ROS, but oxidative stress paradigm
still valid. Problem is the NPs.
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
DNA Damage by SignalingRecently, University of Bristol claimed signaling as the
mechanism by which damaged cells damage other cells at a distance
Nature Nanotechnology, 5 November 2009
The Bristol claim is rebutted using QED Radiation www.nanoqed.net , “DNA damage by signaling” Expanded version of this
presentation17
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Bristol Experiment
CoCr Particles
30 nm – 2.9 microns
Human Fibroblast Cells
Micro-porous Membrane 0.4 micron
BeWo Barrier
1 mm
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Signaling Arguments
Pro: Drugs that suppress cell-to-cell communication also reduce DNA damage
Con: Cell-to-Cell communication has nothing to do with Co ions that pass through the filter and enter the fibroblast cells
QED radiation produces Co ions by corroding CoCr
Drugs are UV absorptive and reduce ROS, thereby reducing DNA damage by producing fewer Co ions.
Resolved: Upon further study19
ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
PNNL Low Dose Program
Cells were stained with pink and blue dye. Only cells stained with pink dye were hit by alpha particles.
But blue cells are also damaged.
Traditional Biological Explanation: Pink cells signal blue cells of damage
Evidence for Signaling ?
Or Pink cell fragments produce QED radiation that damages blue cells?
PNNL – Low Dose Radiation
Research Program
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ASME NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB), Feb. 7 - 10 , 2010 —Houston
Questions & Papers
Email: [email protected]
http://www.nanoqed.org
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