asian aerosols: current and future aerosol distributions ... · 6/18/2009 · future changes in...
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Asian Aerosols: Current and Future Aerosol Distributions and Their Implications for
Human Health and Regional Climate Change
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Models Constrained With Observations Play Increasing Important Roles In Research and Policy
Optimized Pollution
Distributions
MODIS AOD
Total & Fine mode
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Observed and Predicted PM at the Maldives ABC SiteTotal PM 2.5 Mass at HCO
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DATE(2004-2005)
ug/m3
Observed Total PM 1.0
Observed Total PM 2.5
STEM Total PM 2.5 withAdjusted Dust
PM2.5
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KanpurAOD Results
Model (550nm) versus Aeronet (500nm) Aerosol Optical Depth at KANPUR
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Date (2004-2005)
AOD
AERONET AOT_500
STEM Total AOD
Model Predicted Total AOD at KANPUR
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AO
D
Adhikary et al., JGR, 2007
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Comparison of Predicted and Observed PM2.5
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5-yr Mean Aerosol Mass
Fig 2
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Seasonal Analysis of 5-yr Mean AOD (PMF)
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BC into Central Asia Comes Mostly From South Asia Followed by Europe
SA
EU
SA
EAEU
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BC into Central Asia Comes Mostly From South Asia Followed by Europe
SA
EU
SA
EAEU
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Reducing the Impacts of ABCs Have Important Co-benefits
1) Improved Air Quality/Health;
2) Slow Himalayan-Tibetan glacier retreat
3) Monsoon disturbances
Reduced Climate Change
Alter the balance between absorbing and scattering aerosol
Win/Win Strategy+ Decrease PM2.5
+ Decrease BC faster than Sulfate aerosol
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BC Focused Controls Have Significant Health (and Climate) Benefits and
Opportunities
Figure Source: Adhikary et al., JGR, 2008
BC Column Amounts
Bond et al., ERL, 2007
Biofuels is a significant source in many regions
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How Has The SO2 To BC Ratio Changed In The Past In Asia?
(Not stacked)
Ohara, et al., ACP, 2007; Bond et al., GBGC, 2007; Stern, Chemosph., 2005; Streets et al., JGR, 2004
?China
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Future Changes in PM2.5Under IPCC Scenarios the
BC to Sulfate Ratios Decrease …BUT
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Beijing Olympics – a Good Example of Where Pollution Problems and Solutions Appear First. OMI Satellite Analysis of NO2 and SO2 Columns Were Able To Detect The Emission Changes
Beijing Olympics Controls strategies led to a more rapid
decrease in BC than S emissions! Decreases in emissions:
BC: 36%
SO2: 14%
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Where Are The Win/Wins?
1) Improved Air Quality/Health;
Reduced Climate Change
Design paths.
Are we on these paths?
+
-
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Statement of Tasks (EPA,NASA,NOAA,NSF)
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Satellites
Reducing Uncertaintiesin Source Attribution
through Closer Integration
S/R relationshipsFuture scenarios:
•Climate Change•Emissions•Changing Air Quality Standards
ScenariosRegional and sectoral
signaturesSpeciation
Identification of LRT event emissions
and transport (including height)
Source attribution, fingerprint identification,
trend detection
ModelingEmissions
Field Studies
Long Term Monitoring
Process understanding
Regional synthesis
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SUMMARY
ABCs have important implications for the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and our policies moving forward.
Need to: further expand observing and modeling capabilities
and build stronger bridges within and between
communities Analysis by sectors – impact analysis by sector, and
scenarios by sectors. Better connect trends in aerosols and GHGs and
emissions (e.g., long term trends in BC/Sulfate). Enhanced activities in Mountain Regions of South and
Central Asia Explore/exploit more fully linkages between air
pollution and climate change