ashrae 90.1-2010 building envelope

ASHRAE 90.1-2010Comparing ASHRAE Standard 90.1 From 2004/2007 to 2010

Course Number: AIACESAER01

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Course Description

The purpose of this presentation is to examine the most recent version of the International Energy Conservation Code and ASHRAE 90.1 Standard, and in particular the parts that most affect architects: building envelope, lighting power reductions, garage design and ventilation. This presentation will contrast the 2010 version with the previous two versions and identify changes to scope, mandatory measures and prescriptive requirements.

Learning Objectives

Identify the new prescriptive envelope changes in the 2010 version vs. 2004-2007 version of ASHRAE 90.1.

Explore the new air barrier requirement and how it affects design and new construction.

Determine updated shading coefficient values and fenestration installation values when applied to the building envelope.

Understand and identify the new reduced lighting power densities and garage ventilation requirements in 90.1.

Applications of the CodeAir BarriersPrescriptive Opaque Envelope ChangesGlass/Low-e CoatingLighting/Power Reductions/Garage VentilationSummary & Questions

Agenda

ASHRAE 90.1 is the reference standard for IECC 2012◦ Supersedes 90.1-2007 by adding over 60 addenda◦ Estimated savings compared to 2007 – 25%◦ Estimated savings compared to 2004 – 30%

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Review

ASHRAE 90.1 applies to new building portions and systems in new and existing (renovated) buildings.

90.1-2010 now includes new equipment or systems that are identified as part of industrial or manufacturing processes.

All MEP systems are included in 90.1 including:◦ Changes in MEP systems◦ Replacement of MEP system parts◦ Renovation

Scope Changes

D – Daylighting now enabled by glass VT (visible transmittance requirement)

F – Ballasted and vented roofs, including “cool” and vegetative roofs

G – Change Appendix G to normative (mandatory language) will allow Appendix G to be referenced by other standards; e.g., Std. 189.1

H,L,M,N – Improved HVAC Equipment efficiencies

Update of Approved Addenda

Maricopa County IECC 2012

FlagstaffCities which have adopted IECC 2012:• Avondale• Chandler• Glendale• Peoria (Optional)• Phoenix• Scottsdale• Maricopa County

Alternative compliance paths (Section C402.2) Commercial buildings are required to comply with one of the

following:◦ ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2010

◦ Requirements of C402, C403, C404, and C405 AND commercial buildings Section C406.2, C406.3 OR C406.4

◦ Requirements of C407, C402.4, C403.2, C404, C405.2, C405.3, C405.4, C405.6, C405.7

IECC 2012 Compliance Paths

Additional Efficiency Package Options

◦ C406.2 – Efficient HVAC Performance

◦ C406.3 – Efficient Lighting Systems

◦ C406.4 – On-Site Supply of Renewable Energy

IECC 2012 Requirements

Applications of the Code

Air BarriersPrescriptive Opaque Envelope ChangesGlass/Low-e CoatingLighting/Power Reductions/Garage VentilationSummary & Questions

Agenda

IECC 2012◦ Not required in buildings located in Climate Zones 1, 2, or 3

ASHRAE 90.1-2010◦ Air barrier construction required in all climate zones. ◦ Exception – Semi-Heated spaces in climate zones 1-6.◦ Exception – Single Wythe Concrete Masonry Buildings in CZ

2B

Air Barrier Design

AZ Climate Zones

Phoenix

Tucson

Flagstaff

Mandatory Provisions (Section 5.4)◦ Continuous air barrier on entire building envelope

◦ Secure building wrap with sealed or gasketed joints

◦ Using individual materials that have an air permeability of ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2

OR◦ Using assemblies of materials and components that

have an average air leakage of ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2, curtainwall assemblies ≤ 0.03 cfm/ft2

◦ Door Construction ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2

Air Barrier Design - ASHRAE 90.1

Mandatory Provisions (Section C402.4)◦ Continuous air barrier on entire building envelope

◦ Secure building wrap with sealed or gasketed joints

◦ Using individual materials that have an air permeability of ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2

OR◦ Using assemblies of materials and components that

have an average air leakage of ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2, curtainwall assemblies ≤ 0.03 cfm/ft2

◦ Building Testing ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 0.3” W.G.

Air Barrier Design – IECC 2012

Section 5.4.3.1.1◦ The air barrier shall be designed and noted in the following manner:

All air barrier components of each building envelope assembly shall be clearly identified or otherwise noted on the construction documents.

The joints, interconnections and penetration of the air barrier components including lighting fixtures shall be detailed unless otherwise noted.

The continuous air barrier shall extend over all surfaces of the building envelope (at the lowest floor, exterior walls, and ceiling or roof).

The continuous air barrier shall be designed to resist positive and negative pressures from wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation.

Air Barrier Design

To minimize reheat energy, a limit has been set on the supply air temperature of reheated air to 20°F above the space temperature setpoint.

Intended to minimize short-circuiting of reheated air into the return or exhaust system before it can be effective in heating or ventilating the space.

Air Barrier & HVAC Design

Sealed, caulked, gasketed or weather-stripped:◦ Joints around windows and doors◦ Fenestration joints between walls/foundation and walls/roof◦ Envelope penetrations◦ Penetrations through vapor retarders◦ Site built fenestration and doors◦ All other openings in building envelope

Exceptions:◦ Semiheated spaces

Air Barrier Installation

Conditioned Space◦ Cooled by a cooling system with a sensible output capacity > 5 Btu/h-ft2

◦ Heated by a heating system with an output capacity > 15 Btu/h-ft2 for Zone 4◦ Indirectly conditioned space that is adjacent to conditioned space but neither

heated or cooled. Semiheated Space

◦ Heated at > 3.4 Btu/h-ft2, but not classified as conditioned Unconditioned Space

◦ Crawl Spaces, Attics, etc.

Space Type Definitions

Space Definitions

Graphics Credit: PNNL

Required for all building entrances > than 1000 ft2. Vestibules must have:

◦ Self closing doors◦ Interior and exterior doors not necessary to open

both at the same time◦ Distance between interior and exterior

doors not < 7ft when in closed position

Exceptions:◦ Buildings in CZ’s 1,2◦ Revolving Doors◦ Dwelling Units◦ “Non-entrance” doors

entering a space < 3,000 ft2.

Air Leakage – ASHRAE 90.1



Applications of the CodeAir Barriers

Prescriptive Opaque Envelope ChangesGlass/Low-e CoatingLighting/Power Reductions/Garage VentilationSummary & Questions

Agenda

Building Envelope Compliance

Mandatory Provisions

(required for most compliance options)

Building System Compliance Options

Energy Code Compliance

Prescriptive Option

Energy Cost Budget

Trade Off Option

Simplified

Envelope

HVAC

Lighting

SWH

Power

OtherGraphics Credit: PNNL

8 criteria sets for different climate types◦ Each set is a single page that summarizes requirements based on

climate zone Insulation levels for roofs, walls and floors Fenestration Criteria

More stringent than the 50% allowance in 90.1-2004 Alternative is to use the Trade-Off Option (Section 5.6)

Building Envelope – Prescriptive Option

Window Wall Ratio (WWR) ≤ 40% of gross wall area

Skylight-Roof Ratio ≤ 5% of roof area

Each envelope component must separately meet requirements of Table 5.5

◦ Fenestration U-factor requirements in 90.1-2007 are around 38% lower than those in 2004

◦ Fenestration SHGCs are about equal in nonresidential buildings

◦ SHGCs apply to all exposures and are no longer exempt in the north orientation as they were in 2004

◦ The north wall has a reduction of about 59% as compared to 2004

◦ Roofs with attics and roofs with above deck insulation have U-factor requirements are 20% to 24% lower.

◦ Wall U-factor requirements remain about the same.

Changes in the Standard - Envelope

Opaque ElementsTABLE 5.5-2 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 2 (A, B)*

Opaque ElementsNonresidential Residential Semiheated

AssemblyMaximum

InsulationMin. R-Value

AssemblyMaximum

Insulation Min. R-Value

AssemblyMaximum


RoofsInsulation Entirely above Deck

Metal BuildingAttic and Other

U-0.063U-0.065U-0.034

R-15.0 c.i.R-19.0R-30.0

U-0.063U-0.065U-0.027

R-15.0 c.i.R-19.0R-38.0

U-0.218U-0.167U-0.081

R-3.8 c.i.R-6.0R-13.0

2004



AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum




U-0.048U-0.065U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.R-19.0R-38.0

U-0.048U-0.065U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.R-19.0R-38.0

U-0.218U-0.167U-0.081

R-3.8 c.i.R-6.0R-13.0

2007

Opaque Elements

Reference Table 5.5-4 on page 29 in 90.1-2010

TABLE 5.5-2 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 2 (A, B)*


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum




U-0.048U-0.055U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.(2) R-13.0R-38.0

U-0.048U-0.055U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.(2) R-13.0R-38.0

U-0.218U-0.097U-0.081

R-3.8 c.i.R-10.0R-13.0

2010

Opaque Elements

Reference Table C402.1.2 and C402.2

TABLE C402.1.2 / C402.2 Thermal Envelope Assembly Requirements For Climate Zone 2*


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum




U-0.048U-0.035U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.R-19+R-11LSR-38.0

U-0.048U-0.035U-0.027

R-20.0 c.i.R-19+R-11LSR-38.0

IECC 2012



AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


Walls, Above GradeMass

Mass BuildingSteel-Framed

Wood-Framed and Other

U-0.580U-0.113U-0.124U-0.089

NRR-13.0R-13.0R-13.0

U-0.151U-0.113U-0.124U-0.089

R-5.7 c.i.R-13.0R-13.0R-13.0

U-0.580U-0.184U-0.352U-0.292

NRR-6.0NRNR

2004



AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum





U-0.151U-0.113U-0.124U-0.089

R-5.7 c.i.R-13.0R-13.0R-13.0

U-0.123U-0.113U-0.064U-0.089

R-7.6 c.i.R-13.0R-13.0+R-7.5c.i.R-13.0

U-0.580U-0.184U-0.124U-0.089

NRR-6.0R-13.0R-13.0

2007

Opaque Elements



2010


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum





U-0.151U-0.093U-0.124U-0.089

R-5.7 c.i.R-16.0R-13.0R-13.0

U-0.123U-0.093U-0.064U-0.089

R-7.6 c.i.R-16.0R-13.0+R-7.5c.i.R-13.0

U-0.580U-0.113U-0.124U-0.089

NRR-13.0R-13.0R-13.0

Opaque Elements


TABLE C402.2 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 2*

2012 IECC


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum





U-0.142U-0.079U-0.077U-0.064

R-5.7 c.i.R-13.0+R-6.5c.i.R-13.0+R-5.0c.i.R-20 OR R-13.0+R-3.8c.i.

U-0.123U-0.079U-0.064U-0.064

R-7.6 c.i.R-13.0+R-13.0c.i.R-13.0+R-7.5c.i.R-20 OR R-13.0+R-3.8c.i.



AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


Walls, Below GradeBelow Grade Wall C-1.140 NR C-1.140 NR C-1.140 NR

2004


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


FloorsMass

Steel JoistWood-Framed and Other

U-0.107U-0.052U-0.051

R-6.3 c.i.R-19.0R-19.0

U-0.087U-0.052U-0.033

R-8.3 c.i.R-19.0R-30.0

U-0.322U-0.069U-0.282

NRR-13.0NR

Opaque ElementsTABLE 5.5-4 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 4 (A, B, C)*


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum



2007


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


FloorsMass


U-0.107U-0.052U-0.051

R-6.3 c.i.R-19.0R-19.0

U-0.087U-0.052U-0.033

R-8.3 c.i.R-19.0R-30.0

U-0.322U-0.069U-0.066

NRR-13.0R-13.0

Opaque Elements


TABLE 5.5-4 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 4 (A, B, C)*

2010


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum




AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


FloorsMass


U-0.107U-0.052U-0.051

R-6.3 c.i.R-19.0R-19.0

U-0.087U-0.052U-0.033

R-8.3 c.i.R-19.0R-30.0

U-0.322U-0.069U-0.066

NRR-13.0R-13.0

Opaque Elements


TABLE C402.1.2 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 2*

2012 IECC


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum




AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


FloorsMass

Joist/FramingU-0.107U-0.033

R-6.3 c.i.R-30.0

U-0.087U-0.033

R-8.3 c.i.R-30.0

Applications of the CodeAir BarriersPrescriptive Opaque Envelope Changes

Glass/Low-e CoatingLighting/Power Reductions/Garage VentilationSummary & Questions

Agenda

Fenestration OrientationVertical fenestration area to meet this requirement:

Area South ≥ Area West and Area South ≥ Area East

Exceptions:• Buildings shaded by other buildings within 20 ft to the south which is at least

½ as tall as the proposed building (structures only – no trees)• Buildings with shade on 75% of the west and east• Alterations and additions that don’t increase vertical fenestration area

N

No! Yes!Graphics Credit: PNNL

Window Orientation – No Daylight Controls

Window Orientation – Daylight Controls

Fenestration



2004Fenestration

Nonresidential Residential Semiheated

AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


Vertical Glazing, % of Wall0-10

10.1-2020.1-3030.1-4040.1-50

U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27

SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.17-0.44

U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27

SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.25-0.61SHGC-0.17-0.44

U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-1.22-1.27U-0.98-1.02

NRNRNRNRNR

2007/2010Fenestration


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


Vertical Glazing, 0-40% of WallNonmetal Framing (all)

Metal Framing (curtainwall)Metal Framing (entrance doors)

Metal Framing (all other)

U-0.75U-0.70U-1.10U-0.75

SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25

U-0.75U-0.70U-1.10U-0.75

SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25

U-1.20U-1.20U-1.20U-1.20

NRNRNRNR

Fenestration

Reference Table C402.3

TABLE 5.5-4 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 2(A, B)*

2012 IECC

Fenestration


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


AssemblyMaximum


Vertical Glazing, 0-40% of WallFixed Fenestration

Operable FenestrationEntrance Doors

U-0.50U-0.65U-0.83

SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25

U-0.50U-0.65U-0.83

SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25SHGC-0.25

Applications of the CodeAir BarriersPrescriptive Opaque Envelope ChangesGlass/Low-e Coating

Lighting/Power Reductions/Garage VentilationSummary & Questions

Agenda

Lighting Power Density Changes ASHRAE Addendum “by” reduces the LPD requirements

Average LPDs:◦ 2004 – 1.12◦ 2007 – 1.09 (3% Reduction)◦ 2010 – 0.906 (17% Reduction)◦ 2013 - ????

Common Building Types

Building Type 2004 2007 2010

School 1.2 1.2 0.99

Hospital 1.2 1.2 1.21

Office 1.0 1.0 0.9

Convention Center 1.2 1.2 1.08

Sports Arena 1.1 1.1 0.78

Retail 1.5 1.5 1.4

Lighting Power Allowance Changes

2012 IECC Interior Lighting Power Allowances – Building Area Method

Lighting Power Allowances

Building Area Type 2009 2012

Fire Station N/A 0.8

Office 1.0 0.9

Retail 1.5 1.4

Warehouse 0.8 0.6

Lighting Power Allowance Changes

ASHRAE 2007 Addendum “by” reduces additional allowance for lighting specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise.

Change based primarily oneffective use of CeramicMetal Halide technology

Merchandise Reductions

Merchandise Type 2007 2010

All other products 1.0 0.6

Vehicles, Sporting Goods, Electronics

1.7 0.6

Furniture, Clothing, Cosmetics, Artwork

1.4 1.4

Jewelry, Crystal, China 4.2 2.5

Lighting Power Controls Changes

2012 IECC Interior Lighting Control Requirements

Lighting Control Changes

2009 2012

Light Reduction Controls Automatic Time Switch Control Devices

Automatic Lighting Shutoff Occupancy Sensors

Daylight Zone Control Daylight Zone Control

Occupancy Sensor Control (ASHRAE)

9.4.1 Must function as “manual-on” or “50% auto-on” Occupancy Sensors Required:

◦ Conference Rooms◦ Meeting Rooms◦ Classrooms & Lecture Halls◦ Lunch/Break Rooms◦ Office Spaces > 250ft2

◦ Restrooms◦ Locker Rooms◦ Fitting Rooms◦ Copy/Print Rooms

Occupancy Sensor Control (IECC)

Required in classrooms, conference/meeting rooms, employee lunch/break rooms, private offices, restrooms/storage rooms/janitorial closets and other spaces 300 sq ft or more

Automatic off 30 min of vacancy

100% automatic on allowedin public areas

Must provide a system to automatically detect contaminant levels and adjust fan speed accordingly.

Must be able to reduce fan speed to 50% or less of design capacity.

Garage Ventilation

Garages < 30,000 ft2 with ventilation systems that do not utilize mechanical heating or cooling.

Garages that have an area-to-horsepower ratio that is >1,500 ft2/hp and do not utilize mechanical heating or cooling.

Where not permitted by the AHJ.

Garage Ventilation Exceptions

Applications of the CodeAir BarriersPrescriptive Opaque Envelope ChangesGlass/Low-e CoatingLighting/Power Reductions/Garage Ventilation

Summary & Questions

Agenda

Summary Many prescriptive changes from 2004 2007 2010

Must provide a continuous air barrier

Stricter fenestration and orientations requirements

New garage ventilation requirements

Lighting Power Densities ▼, Control ▲

Questions?

ashrae 90.1-2010 building envelope

Design

air barrier construction

air barrier components

continuous air barrier

air permeability

new air barrier requirement

building envelope assembly

cfmft2 building testing

new building portions