Moid; a&Vonomers CbJ" ^of aII.') pvc^^^ ^5 unfb,'rn iXxoV \'^<- ^Y\U^t^b^ uni'f 15 -flux Affisihj

^fvcn hroaA-h(\nl QiWtrs ave an a.o^rD-ycitnA,rton O'r a,

arc l)^j{vinrnq -K) use 4i^^e unf'f^. Ba+ m«nj <K^e sKK u^fn^

TraA.-ffonJ m*as ..^« ^e^vx^^ -from He >r>Mr-lA^ -It*M^ rnU- tic wHv re-ftrr^nce "b "^t kO sW o^ l-/«^« = Ve^^wUfck tw Jle^'m'kon lr\as m= C? in all p^ss i>««^^5 •

Ajw^Mi: - ^bsoUfc c*lrWfib».5 asm fclacicbfl^| 5oufr<?5

«inJ[ Blib'bei^clrrc' pHoT&mcTirv.

teo.u.SC

\/E(yA, ...U. V b^r»e' L *"J|-„ii U6VAINOAO/IRAF V2.14EXP0RT ccs9dhcp-195-226.caltech.edu Tue 08:27:32 27-Sep-2Dl

[vega.fnu]: INDEF ap:l beam:lT

4.00E-20 -

3.00E-20 -

2.00E-20 -

l.OOE-20 -

^

f_nu= ergs/s/cm2/Hz

4000 6000 8000

Wavelength (angstroms)

10000

NOAO/IRAF V2,14EXP0RT ccsedhcp-195-226.caltech.edu Tue 08:44:31 27-Sep-201[vega.flam]: INDEF ap:l beamrl

8.00E-9 -

6.00E-9 -

4.00E-9 -

2.00E-9 -

fJam=ergs/s/cm2/A

4000 6000 8000

favelength (angstroms)

10000

AY \Z7.

t;„ um'H 0^.' firjS 5-'.cm-2 l^^^'in UMi

=^ t>V9 = 25.1

e.j. Ola inio AT 1%'^2'

Jlv-f«HM IvoM 4, -flux a«.5.>3 unl+^ (« ..-« «»pr,„.,3. te^.-.

Wn\ also SM -Mw concept »-f "j|»eW in<J«)t

( "ST m.«-' MinrJ 50 -it,.-^ J-^ ")^ =^ ""«'"'* ^X .'-' t\I« ovi« •Ut vises M^»>.».

Av \^1

Table 3.2. Standard photometry CVfna- norwio/IfWjl JName Ao [nm AAq [nm] eo [W m ^ urn ^ eo [Jy

U

B

0.36

0.44

0.068

0.098

4.35x10"^

7.20x10"^

1880

4650

Ultraviolet

Blue

|v 0.55 0.089 3.92x10-^ 3950 Visible 1R 0.70 0.22 1.76x10-^ 2870 Red

I 0.90 0.24 8.3x10-3 2240 Infrared

J 1.25 0.30 3.4x10"^ 1770 Infrared

H 1.65 0.35 7x10-'° 636 Infrared

K 2.20 0.40 3.9x10-'° 629 Infrared

L 3.40 0.55 8.1x10-" 312 Infrared

M 5.0 0.3 2.2x10-" 183 Infrared

N 10.2 5 1.23x10-'=^ 43 Infrared

Q 21.0 8 6.8x10"" 10 Infrared

1 Jy = 10-=^^ W m-2 Hz-2

S-ftxivlAr^ paS^foarJs C^-^-)'.

rece^'l pKcfbmieTntMove Sus^y^s:'y

u

3r

I

2

SPSS u| 3550 I

I ViOO \ na5 into color-.:?' %S00 J

= CO>lS"njH'T

KU AiJUljWS

-(erretj -hfrc-terre A$

U% = -2,5 lo^-^v -^i^'^AV \Z7.

1

,.f r^ He -;

^ in u«.'fe o-f . fv^S s- cm

A useW number -k r«n<-,r.ber; 1 ^^O-j = I x/O'^'"g s '-'«"'^/+*.1

in »"'

fn. +•« A6 s-js*"", pho4»»».eV.-<^ p«>yl«n^S <=«" be calihni-h,/

e.j. Ola iTiO AJ 1?, '^2'M«55*5e-f-« IW AfT 32-8,315

aACKGrROUN33P5

1 *" 3 ^^ Tevre^T^ I a I i?{^tJ^wo^^M

10-

10'

^WST)nGSTbackground model

Mauna Kea Sky

2 3

Wavelength (microns)

AV IZ2

V

T

22.H ] I21.2 I ^ -* ^11 meov,!"'

i(are. ci-^dSd^^A J

~ ft

L^ SPACE is -^ pl«^*, ti^ceoi -fer ayianlar re5o/u't7b»i

ca>E_aa>

co

o

c

o

10'° »-

10*

10^

10^

10°

10*

Atmospheric Background

TypicalBackgroundat Best Sites

1 AUNGST ,**

•• / 3AUNGSTAfcA *xn;sr

I I 111110

Wavelength (microns)

^

AY 12X

CMO(DWO

CO

COCOQ)a

• I—I

PQ

CO

150

100

50

0

T—I—r TT 1 I I I I I I r

* t

" ::

:•:}

aoW *. tick OisfrV^UjA-"-

"'x^J--^ P¥

5l 5^ flcbovt.

J___L__l___L J___I___I___L J___I___I___L J___I___l__JL J___I___I___L

San ^"^e

Si'liclCor\

4000 5000 6000 7000

Wavelength (A)8000 9000

ct

PARK N16-HT SlcY BAO^GrROU/UP * FgO/MA erOOD TCf^RE5TRlAU SfT£"

10

O0)wo

cio 15

6m

COw

M 20

m

CO

T--------r T--------1--------1--------r T

Ground (Mauna Kea), R=600

J______I______I______L 'It'

/V/\/WN^

ii

0.5 1 1.5

Wavelength (Microns)

^Jear-XR Spectroscopic Back^roun/I (j^m \<ea.)

4x10-14

3x10-14

2x10-14

10-14

0

"1-------1-------1-------r-------1-------1-------r'—I-------1-------1— 1-------1-------r

X-^

lXJjjti JLi_ MA

1:

J_____I_____Luuu

J_________Lli JLlklu\k]

^

v\

\ —

\

w

liUjJ_____\_____L

pets

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

104p—r

8000

6000 h

4000

2000 h

0

1----------1----------1----------r

Jill

1—•n------n-------r

/

------t-___Lv Mlu

4OnSslmtiel

Ju lJ f^ uJ_____I_____I_____L J_____I I_____L

1.9 2.1

VAvelfHffHv C^f^)

GO•I—I

s

<CuE-o

Xi

COo

1

^ 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 14000

Mauna Kea, 4100m -

Kitt Peak, 2200m

J_____L 1 J_____L 16000 8000

Wavelength (A)104

>s o

^^^^^.-^^-^^^^/ir- \n r/f'^"^ "^x V

// e S^ce-1'^ I./ Opf/cal A4wo5plicric ktXKMi\V(KrtY\(M

1Filled Circles - Polomar

Open Circles - Keck'

.... 1 .... 1 .... 1 .... 1 .... 1 . .

Sooo 4000 sooo 6000 7000

Wavelength (A)

8000 9000 10*

46 2. The Earth's Atmosphere and Space ^>M5&-7IS SSO^i^

J \H K L M N

fvr

Sub-iMrn bonij

20 35 100

^[jun]350 6501000

:r 10*

|10«

£ 10^

1

1 ^^^^^=228Ki /^ e = 0.184

- /

1 "^ /1 /

------------------------

1 /

10

Wavelength [jun]

Fig. 2.9. (a) Atmospheric transmission (at altitude zo = 4200 m) across the wholeinfrared and submillimetre range. Spectral bands (cf. Sect. 3.3) are indicated withthe usual notation. The relatively good submillimetre transparency con<esponds to aquantity of precipitable water less thetn 1 mm. (b) Sky backgrotmd brightness in thenear infrared, at the altitude of Maima Kea (4200 m). The blackbody temperature(indicated at the top right) which best represents the emission is T s 228 K, withan emissivity e = 0.184 [after IVaub and Stier, 1976]. Upper limits for emissionby the radical OH in spectral bands J, H and K are indicated on the left [afterMcLean I., 1993]

AY m

eyoffssed i»^ \trm5 of

Orr a.X'Cyyy^S^ rj OH^ en

g> 0.20 <M*1/arr*M«55V 0.12 "

Z O'OgH O'^S „

w*Wr Vapor^ usualf^r^reisJi «'k \xn\Tf orJMMTV . ^Irlina if

•{'evrf.s'K-iV.I $'>Te.

7

l\Je«V-^JR J^moSf\se.^'iC \rc^y,S^^'ey^^'0

3.0mm H20

red: 1.0mm

1.5 2

WaveliBngth (microns)

2.5

WaH^v^ y/iOtr-

>lipd

C(7'uvTrtn »»^

^^'irnOS^^f^^C

1 ^

0.8 -

o

S0.6 H

c(0

0.4 -

0.23.0mm H20

1 .omm H20

6 8

Wavelength (microns)10

pjojl Jy ^r

12

-1------;-----r ^ « -1------1------1------r T-------1-------r

10

3.0mm H201.0mm H20

-J_____i_

15 20

Wavelength (microns)

i [^ u<L k _1_____I_____L_

'.5 4*

AY yiz

Ca -(u/jclroio of sec ^ J u)^?r< 2- /'^ -^^ ZernHx airuile)^ rnusialso oo^er^^,^M a-CcoiKvni: -fcr- GalacTrc exfi'^cTibn.

tor eKtr<iA<il<lc+rc So^'HT^'S) one used 4d aSc "re^«i^M,'nd"' «>t-eK-k/>^hoK7 rnoyas CftwrsHem «.^ We,>5 HS2 A3) haseA oy\ HJOVnA &^Uku counT5^ taT Woio»<l<4<ui5 o*ie US<i5 o. CAli'bn^^rOfn[)aseA o\r, lOO-^m citrus eyyifssion <?bsenAr<l bo 4^ X/^5Salell.'lf OI^Oj) Ay^Ji OiliW'^h^ L 4^e 0?6H/prf5Bi^eXpeWnj^Krt [^ l^^O) [/^«A more accuvtJ-€ •H>»> oU vua*. /l

SmnJUvrl Cr^clatfrc r<«le'em*n<i curve JACv)=3.3 EC6-V) A^^ 0.3E^6-V) ImucV^ Uer in rv^-IPl

"^ ECtb'V)= o.ZS e My.b WTt, /sr^--------------------------------------------^---------

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TMofc^l maqm'fiJr tf-^ 4V UHrr- -fix- <> [ma A Gv^^^c-'nc

-^ Source OnWsi'c fl/ffentiafforxl

Ajizi

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TO vQAsjcle^')^

i.

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co<'<'ccMex\5Mex\5 -{t

AX 12,2.

car, domin-cfc Wkjrou^J. Jw+gr^fen -^I'rn^ ^ -^'^ ^''

JSS^fS c.^^ dc\^Mr- f^rrgi-nj, f^// u.^// (W .Vvy Mj\-

*>10/P ©y-|

taclOATOUh^.

O.

A3 112.

9

Jlea rvn «c-* 0^ arc

A--

^ number o-f (^(r^^e^i

^o^

All

Aoi = ^Cset«M/j of -hme") -15 • Cos ^ = •« («'' 5'«J«)

^-5. , <anWOha be 1.5' 15- CP5 30 :- a^?

Wlven

lJie.llA5

:d» wan"ft RA(pt)^* UST:^#i;W<^ >^^e.youci^«4 ««we.W +Ufc L^T .t .Un^^Kt on H«.ok 2-1 -.^