arts 735-749 donation

7/25/2019 Arts 735-749 Donation

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Chapter 2

PERSON WHO MAY GIVE OR RECEIVE A DONATION

WHO MAY BE A DONOR:

Art. 735. All persons ho !a" #ontra#t an$ $%spose o& the%r propert"!a" !a'e a $onat%on(

A. Donor must have Capacity to Act or enter into a contract:

1. Age of Majority,

2. Not under civil interdiction

. Not incapacitated !of sound mind"

CAPACITY TO CONTRACT ) DISPOSE O* ONE+S PROPERTY RE,-IRED O*

THE DONOR %n Art( ./0:

WHY1

Art. 734. The $onat%on %s per&e#te$ &ro! the !o!ent the $onor

'nos o& the a##eptan#e " the $onee(

Knowledge by the Donor of acceptance by donee is crucial. #hus, the donor must $e alive and must have capacity at the time he

learns ofthe donee%s acceptance, for the donation to $e perfected. [COGNITION

T!O"# $o "elate to %

Art( ./.( The $onor3s #apa#%t" shall e $eter!%ne$ as o& the

t%!e o& the making o& the $onat%on(

WHEN IS THE DONOR3S CAPACITY DETERMINED:

Art( ./.( The $onor3s #apa#%t" shall e $eter!%ne$ as o& the t%!e o&

the making o& the $onat%on(

1. What is the meaning of “MAKING”?• MA&'N( ) to $e interpreted not to mean *giving+, $ut rather,

*per&e#t%on4 o& the $onat%on, so as not to conict -ith Art. / -hichstates that: &The donation is perfected fro' the 'o'ent the donor (nows

of the acceptance by the donee.)

Note* Castillo +. Castillo, - /hil. 01 0 #he donation is perfected not from

the time of acceptance, $ut from the time of no-ledge of the donor that

the donee has accepted. 'f there is no acceptance, the donation -ill of

course $e null and void.

• Congress changed the original draft of the Civil Code, -hich used the -ord*acceptance+ to *maing+, -hich no- resulted into a *juridical a$surdity+.

• #o avoid this contradiction and a$surdity, Civil authorities agreed that 0

the donors capacity should $e determined at the time donor no-s of theacceptance $y the Donee.

• #his interpretation -ill reconcile -ith related provisions of Art. /, andthat of Art. 12 -hich states: &An o2er beco'es ine2ecti+e upon thedeath, ci+il interdiction, insanity, or insol+ency of either party beforeacceptance is con+eyed.

WHO MAY NOT DONATE :

1

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Art( ./5( G6ar$%ans an$ tr6stees #annot $onate the propert"

entr6ste$ to the!(

1. May gar!ians an! trstees !onate "ro"erty entrste! to them?

A. N3, as they are not the o-ners of the property4 o-ner is the $ene5ciary of

the trust.

67C68#'3N:

a" 9hen the trustees have repudiated the trust and have acuired the

properties $y prescription. 'n this case, having acuired o-nership,

they may no- $e a$le todonate said properties. !;egura v. ;evantino, /< 3.( 1/ =., p. 1>"

$" 'f the donation is made in the name of the -ard or trust $ene5ciary,

-ho consented

thereto, and upon permission of the court.

#. $an the %ort athori&e gar!ians or trstees to !onate

"ro"erties entrste! to them?

A. N3. =uch authori?ation is generally void, for the maing of a donation is a

personal act of li$erality or generosity of the property o-ner.

67C68#'3N* 'n case the authority to donate granted to the trustee $y thecourt, is made to relieve the estate under trust, from the e@penses andta@es attendant to the maintenance of a street. #his $onat%on %s !a$e

%n the %nterest o& the tr6st ene7#%ar%es. 3 Araneta +. /ere4, 5%6778-, 69 :uly 6;00<.

WHO MAY BE A DONEE :

Art( ./8( All those ho are not spe#%all" $%s96al%7e$ " la there&or

!a" a##ept $onat%ons(

'ega( )*e%t If +io(ate!,

Art( ./( Donat%ons !a$e to %n#apa#%tate$ persons shall e ;o%$<

tho6=h s%!6late$ 6n$er the =6%se o& another #ontra#t or thro6=h aperson ho %s %nterpose$(

1. Who are "ersons s"e%ia((y !is-a(ie! /y (a0 to a%%e"t

!onations?

o efers not to incapacitated persons lie minors or those of unsound minds,

$ut to those persons mentioned in :

a. Art. B 0 'oral or public policy reasons

$. Art. /< EArts. 1<2, 1<2F ) unworthiness of the donee

o ;6(A; 6GG6C#: 'f Donee is one of those deemed incapacitated or

disuali5ed $y la- to accept donation ) D3NA#'3N '= H3'D !Art. /"

PERSONS SPECIA>>Y DIS,-A>I*IED BY >AW TO ACCEPT DONATIONS :

I( DONEE DIS,-A>I*IED D-E TO MORA> OR P-B>IC PO>ICY REASON: Art( ./?( The &ollo%n= $onat%ons shall e ;o%$(

2

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1" Those !a$e eteen persons ho are =6%lt" o& a$6lter" or

#on#6%na=e at the t%!e o& the $onat%on@ @ @ @

• 'n Art. B, !1", the action for D6C;AA#'3N 3G NI;;'#J may $e $rought

$y the spouses of the donor or donee4•

Conviction in criminal action is not necessary.• (uilt may $e proven $y preponderance of evidence in the same civil action

for the Declaration of Nullity $rought $y the spouse of donor or donee.

• 5igue4 +. CA, 5%66-1=, Dec. 67, 6;98 0 donation to a 1Kyr. old minor $y a

mature married man is void due to illicit cause . Lut donors heirs cant get

$ac the land as the donor -ho is a party to an illegal transaction cannot

get $ac -hat has $een given.

2" Those !a$e eteen persons &o6n$ =6%lt" o& the sa!e #r%!%naloense< %n #ons%$erat%on thereo&@

i. #his is a form of a remuneratory or onerous donation -ith illegalcause, thus, void even if given $efore or after the commission of thecrime.

ii. Criminal conviction is re>uired $y la- !*found guilty of criminal

oense+"

" Those !a$e to a p6l%# o#er or h%s %&e< $es#en$ants an$

as#en$ants< " reason o& h%s o#e(

• /urpose 0 to prevent $ri$ery4 applies even on special occasion of $)day or

7mas.

• /ublic O?cer 0 any employee of govt.

• elative -ho is not the spouse, descendant or ascendant is e@cluded,

unless proven that the gift -as for the pu$lic oOcer intended to $e

$ri$ed.

• Applies only -hen pu$lic oOcer relatives included are the donees4 not

-hen they are the donor.

II( DONEE DIS,-A>I*IED D-E TO -ND-E IN*>-ENCE OR INTEREST OR

-NWORTHINESS: Art( .( In#apa#%t" to s6##ee$ " %ll shall e appl%#ale to

$onat%ons inter ios.

2. Who are in%a"a/(e of s%%ee!ing or /e%oming !oneeson thegron!s of in%a"a%ity /ase! on n!e inen%e or interest or !e to n0orthiness?

A. 8ersons incapacitated $ased on INDI6 'NG;I6NC6 or 'N#66=# 0

Art. 1<2

L. 8ersons incapacitated due to IN93#P'N6== ) Art. 1<2

• Capacity to succeed is the general rule4 incapacity to succeed is

the e@ception.• #hus, the rule re incapacity must $e strictly construed.

A( DONEE DIS,-A>I*IED D-E TO -ND-E IN*>-ENCE or INTEREST

Art( 2.( The &ollo%n= are %n#apale o& s6##ee$%n=:

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F The pr%est ho hear$ the #on&ess%on o& the testator $6r%n= h%slast %llness< or the !%n%ster o& the =ospel ho eten$e$ sp%r%t6ala%$ to h%! $6r%n= the sa!e per%o$@

o *During his last illness+ 0 means that there is imminent danger of the

illness of donor $eing his last as far as the donor is concerned, at thetime he made the donation

2F The relat%;es o& s6#h pr%est or !%n%ster o& the =ospel %th%n the&o6rth $e=ree< the #h6r#h< or$er< #hapter< #o!!6n%t"<or=an%at%on< or %nst%t6t%on to h%#h s6#h pr%est or !%n%ster !a"elon=@

o Disuali5cation of priest, minister e@tends to relatives -ithin the /th degree to prevent undue inuence.

o Lut the 9ife of the minister or pastor is not included from those

disuali5ed, thus, she is not disuali5ed.

/F A =6ar$%an %th respe#t to testa!entar" $%spos%t%ons =%;en" a ar$ %n h%s &a;or e&ore the 7nal a##o6nts o& the=6ar$%ansh%p ha;e een appro;e$< e;en %& the testator sho6l$$%e a&ter the appro;al thereo&@ ne;ertheless an" pro;%s%on!a$e " the ar$ %n &a;or o& the =6ar$%an hen the latter %sh%s as#en$ant< $es#en$ant< rother< s%ster< or spo6se< shall e;al%$@

o Gor guardian to $e disuali5ed as donee of -ard, the donation of the

-ard must have $een e@ecuted $efore approval of the 5nal accounts

of guardianship.

o Lut if the guardian)donee is an ascendant or descendant, $rother,

sister or spouse of the donor, the disuali5cation does not apply.

0F An" ph"s%#%an< s6r=eon< n6rse< health o#er or $r6==%st ho

too' #are o& the testator $6r%n= h%s last %llness@

o eason for disuali5cation of a doctor, nurse or druggist is similar tothat of a priest in Art. 1<2 !1".

o

Lut unlie the priest, the disuali5cation to $ecome a donee doesnot e@tend to the relatives of the doctors, nurse or druggist.

2. o0 a/ot if the !o%tor nrse !rggist is a(so the s"oseor "arent or %hi(! of the !onor 0i(( Art. 16#7 58!is-a(i%ation sti(( a""(y?

o Answer* Qustice Qurado su$mits that ) par. K does not apply, as it is

human nature

for a spouse, parent or child to tae care of the donor during his

illness.3p.170, :urado, Co''ents @ :urisprudence on uccession, -==;, ;th ed.<

5F In$%;%$6als< asso#%at%ons an$ #orporat%ons not per!%tte$ "

la to %nher%t(

o 'ndividuals, associations and corporations referred to are those

a$solutely and not relatively incapacitated to succeed.

!Ba'ple*

1. Donation to an A$ortive infant

/

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2. Donation of real property to alien religious org.corporation. 3"eg. of

Deeds +. ng iu i Te'ple, 96 OG, -700<

B( DIS,-A>I*IED AS DONEE BY REASON O* -NWORTHINESS:

Art( /2( The &ollo%n= are %n#apale o& s6##ee$%n= " reasono& 6north%ness:

F Parents ho ha;e aan$one$ the%r #h%l$ren or %n$6#e$ the%r!aghters to lea$ a #orr6pt or %!!oral l%&e< or atte!pte$ a=a%nstthe%r ;%rt6e(

2F An" person ho has een #on;%#te$ o& an atte!pt a=a%nst thel%&e o& the testator < h%s or her s"ose !es%en!ants oras%en!ants@

/F An" person ho has a##6se$ the testator o& a #r%!e &or h%#h

the la pres#r%es %!pr%son!ent &or s% "ears or !ore< if thea%%sation has /een fon! gron!(ess@

F An" he%r o& &6ll a=e ho< ha;%n= 'nole$=e o& the ;%olent $eatho& the testator< sho6l$ &a%l to report %t to an o#er o& the la%th%n a !onth< 6nless the a6thor%t%es ha;e alrea$" ta'en a#t%on@th%s proh%%t%on shall not appl" to #ases here%n< a##or$%n= to la<there %s no ol%=at%on to !a'e an a##6sat%on@

o #he incapacity in par. !/" $ased on un-orthiness, does not apply oncases -herein according to la-, there is no o$ligation to mae anaccusation4

o #he reuisite that there $e a legal o$ligation to mae an accusation,renders the incapacity in this provision useless for practical application.'n the 8hils. there is no o$ligation imposed $y la- to mae anaccusation in case a person Ei.e. doneeF no-s something a$out theviolent death of another Ei.e. donorF. 3p. 1;-, :urado, uccession, -==;, ;th

ed.<

0F An" person #on;%#te$ o& a$6lter" or #on#6%na=e %th thespo6se o& the testator@

o 'n par. K, it is only the person convicted of adultery or concu$inage -iththe spouse of the donor or testator -ho cannot inherit or $e a donee.

o #he spouse !-ho is eually guilty -ith this person" is N3# included in

the incapacity.

o ;egally, the guilty spouse may still accept the donation or inheritancefrom the donor spouse.

I''9:;<A;),

• #he hus$and P caught his -ife 9, committing adultery -ith his $ro. 7 in Nov.2<1<. P sued his $ro. 7 and -ife 9 for adultery and the t-o -ere convicted.Po-ever, P is still in love -ith his -ife 9, so he forgave her and even gifted her

-ith a diamond ring -orth 81M -hen they reconciled in 2<12. A year after, in2<1 P died.

• #he only child of P from his 5rst marriage, J sued to revoe and annul the 81Mring donation to 9 and the earlier donation to 7 $y P of a =IH -orth 81.KM -hen7 turned 2K and passed the $ar e@am ) May 2<1<.

2. Wi(( =>s a%tion for reo%ationann(ment of the !onations of to

W @ "ros"er?

K

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(F As to $onee %&e W: N3. Art. 1<2, par. K. does not include the spouse.

Pere, the spouse 9 is not deemed un-orthy to inherit or receive the donation,

only the person convicted of adultery -ith 9.

o )B%e"tion 0 in case -here the hus$and secured a decree of legal separation or

e@pressly disinherited the guilty spouse.o

#he la- generally favors to sustain the solidarity and sanctity of marriage.o 't is only the oended spouse -ho can decide to revoe the donation or not.

2(F As to $onee ro( : J6=. 'f convicted -ith adultery -ith the -ife of P, the

$ro. 7 -ill $e deemed as un-orthy as donee under Art. /<, Art. 1<2, par. K

-hich states: & 39< Any person con+icted of adultery or concubinage with

the spouse of the testator)o #he revocation and annulment of the donation as to 7, -ill prosper.o "ef* pp. 1;6%1;, :urado, uccession, -==;, ;th ed.

5F An" person ho " &ra6$< ;%olen#e< %nt%!%$at%on< or 6n$6e%nJ6en#e sho6l$ #a6se the testator to !a'e a %ll or to #han=e

one alrea$" !a$e@

.F An" person ho " the sa!e !eans pre;ents another &ro!!a'%n= a %ll< or &ro! re;o'%n= one alrea$" !a$e< or hos""(ants %on%ea(s or a(ters the (atterCs 0i(( @

8F An" person ho fa(sies or forges a s6ppose$ %ll o& the$e#e$ent(

o 8lainti must prove the fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue inuencein order

that the donee responsi$le -ill $e incapacitated to succeed $y reason of un-orthiness stated in Art. 6=- 30< “ should cause the testator to 'a(ea will orto change one already 'ade) 38< BBB &pre+ents another fro' 'a(inga will, orfro' re+o(ing one already 'ade).

o 'n pars. *!" supplants, conceals, or alters the latterEs will !R" falsiFesor forges) proof of fraud, etc. is not necessary as the act itself, demonstrates fraud$y the donee.

>EGA> E**ECT I* DONOR CONDONE ACTS O* -NWORTHINESS KART(

/2L BY DONEE :

Art( //( The #a6ses o& 6north%ness shall e %tho6t ee#t %& the testator ha$ 'nole$=e thereo& at the t%!e he !a$e the %ll<or %&< ha;%n= 'non o& the! s6se96entl"< he sho6l$ #on$onethe! %n r%t%n=(

• Acts of un-orthiness in Art. 1<2 are oenses directed against the donor. #hus, only the Donor can erase the eects of such acts thru pardon,e@press or implied, despite no-ledge of the act of un-orthiness thedonee.

• econciliation $et-een donor donee is not enough. #here must $e acts

of 8AD3N $y donor, e@press or, implied or tacit.

o 6@press 8ardon 0 donor condones act of un-orthiness $y donee in

-riting

>

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o 'mplied or #acit 8ardon 0 -hen donor despite no-ing the act ofun-orthiness $y donee, maes a donation to the latter.

MAY MINORS BE DONEES :

Art( .( M%nors an$ others ho #annot enter %nto a #ontra#t !a"e#o!e $onees 6t a##eptan#e shall e $one thro6=h the%r parentsor le=al representat%;es(

2. Is !onation to a minor a(i! an! %an the (atter /e%ome a !onee ?A. Jes. Donation to a minor is valid and minors can $ecome donees.

2. Who %an a%%e"t the !onation to a minor or in%a"a%itate! "ersons?

A. As a general rule, under Art. /1, acceptance shall $e done thru theparents or legal representatives of the minors -ho are donees.

Po-ever, it appears from =upreme Court jurisprudence that:i. 'f the donation is ='M8;6 or 8I6 0 a minor can accept, as this is for the$ene5t of the child.

)B%e"tion, 'f -ritten acceptance of the donation is reuired. Pere, theparents or legal representative must intervene or accept on$ehalf of the minor.

ii. 'f the donation is 3N63I= or conditional 0 the parents or legalrepresentatives must intervene in the acceptance. Pere an onerouscondition or $urden is imposed on a minor,and guidance of the parents or guardian, legal rep. is reuired.

o 'n Kapunan +. Casilan, ;)R1R, 3ct. 1, 1B><, the =upreme Court ruledthat ) acceptance by the 'inorEs legal representati+e is re>uired only in onerousor conditional donations and N3# in =imple or 8ure Donations.

2. $an a "arent or (ega( re"resentatie a%%e"t an oneros!onation in faor of a minor if the a(e of the /r!en eB%ee!sD5666?

A. No, unless there is court approval. 9ithout judicial permission, it is asif there has $een no acceptance, the donation is deemed void. !Di =iocv. =y ;ioc, / 8hil. K>2"

MAY CONCEIVED AND -NBORN CHI>DREN BE DONEES :

Art( .2( Donat%ons !a$e to #on#e%;e$ an$ 6norn #h%l$ren !a" ea##epte$ " those persons ho o6l$ le=all" represent the! %&the" ere alrea$" orn(

1. May !onations sim"(e or oneros8 /e ma!e to %on%eie! an!

n/orn %hi(!ren?

o Jes. =uch donations may $e accepted $y those persons -ho -ouldlegally represent them if they -ere already $ornS

#. What if the oneros or %on!itiona( !onation "roes to /e

nfaora/(e to the %hi(!? o 't -ill $e treated as if the conceived child possessed no juridical

personality. Hoid. !Art. /<"

( What are the re-isites for Arti%(e 74# to a""(y?

a." 'f it had a normal intra)uterine life 0 that the child is $orn alive, or

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$." 'f it had an intra)uterine life of less than months ) that the child,after $eing $orn alive, should live for at least, 2/ hours.

o 3ther-ise, if the child never possessed juridical personality, thedonation $ecomes null and void, as there -as no donee in this case.

SIM->ATED DONATIONS TO INCAPACITATED PERSONSDONEES@

E**ECT :

Art( ./( Donat%ons !a$e to %n#apa#%tate$ persons shall e ;o%$<tho6=h s%!6late$ 6n$er the =6%se o& another #ontra#t or thro6=h aperson ho %s %nterpose$(

1. What is the e*e%t of !onations ma!e to in%a"a%itate! "ersons? o #hey shall $e H3'D, even if simulated under the guise of another

contract, or made through an intermediary.

#. What is meant /y “in%a"a%itate! "ersons” n!er Art. 743? o #his term does not refer to minors or insane persons, $ut to persons

-ho are disuali5ed $y la- to accept donations under Art. B.

I''9:;<A;),

1. Mr. Ang is a defendant of a murder case in the sala of Qudge Ayuno. Mr.Ang donated a 1,<<< s.m. piece of prime commercial land in the city !valued81<M", to 3pen Pands, 'nc., a non)stoc, non)pro5t charita$le corporation,fully o-ned and ran $y Mie and (lory, the children of Qudge Ayuno. 's thedonation validS

Answer* NO. This is a +oid donation under Articles 8; and 81. Thisdonation circu'+ents the law against donations to incapacitated personsfor 'oral and public policy reasons.

2. Alan and Qane are found guilty of adultery. During their illicit relations, Alane@ecuted a contract of sale of his 1)year old LM9 car, in favor of the$uyer, Qane. 'n truth ho-ever, Qane did not pay any money to Alan for thecar given to her, and -hich she accepted.

a.< Is the sale of the car to :ane +alidH•

No. #his is a simulated sale. #his is in reality, a donation inter vivos to adisuali5ed person under Art. B !1" and Art. /.

b.< ould your answer be the sa'e if the car is sold to :ac(, the bro. of :ane,and who later donated the sa'e to herH

• Jes. Qac -as only interposed as alleged $uyer in the simulated sale,-hich is in truth a donation inter +i+os to Qane, a disuali5ed personunder Art. B !1" and Art. /.

c.< hat ci+il action if any, can the legal wife of Alan Fle to reco+er the car

fro' :aneH

o

Declaration of Nullity Enot annullmentF is the proper action to $e 5led.

R->ES ON DO-B>E DONATIONS :

Art( .( Donat%ons o& the sa!e th%n= to to or !ore $%erent

$onees shall e =o;erne$ " the pro;%s%ons #on#ern%n= the sale o&

the sa!e th%n= to to or !ore $%erent persons(

R

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1. What are the <(es on Eo/(e Eonations? F<efer to Art. 1544Eo/(e :a(e,

A. 'f property donated is a M3HAL;6 or 86=3NA;: 3-nership is transferred to one -ho, in good faith, 5rst too

possession.

L. 'f property donated is an 'MM3HAL;6 or 6A;:

a. 3-nership is transferred to one, -ho in good faith, 5rst recorded thedonation

in the egistry of Deeds.

$. 'f there is no registration, it shall $elong to the donee, -ho in goodfaith, 5rst too possession.

c. 'n the a$sence of the t-o a$ove, to the donee in good faith, -ho has

the oldest title.

Note $ases, #he donee -ho 5rst too possession of the land is deemed the o-ner, if

the 5rst donee -ho registered his title 5rst is in $ad faith. 3Cagaoan +.

Cagaoan, 1 /hil. 991<.

Discuss ) Jernande4 +. ercader, 1 /hil. 976.

HOW SHO->D DONEE ACCEPT DONATION :

Art( .0( The $onee !6st a##ept the $onat%on personall"< or thro6=han a6thor%e$ person %th a spe#%al poer &or the p6rpose< or %th a=eneral an$ s6#%ent poer@ other%se< the $onat%on shall e ;o%$(

A!!itiona( Ety of Agent of Eonee,

Art( ..( Persons ho a##ept $onat%ons %n representat%on o& othersho !a" not $o so " the!sel;es< shall e ol%=e$ to !a'e thenot%7#at%on an$ notat%on o& h%#h Art%#le .? spea's(

1. o0 may a !onee a%%e"t a !onation?Lasis: Arts. /K /

a. 8ersonally

$. #hru Agent 0 authori?ed -ith =8A or (8A

#. What is the re-ire! form of athori&ation an! a%%e"tan%e /y the

athori&e! "erson?Bas%s: Arts( .0< ..< .? !a" #he authori?ation to accept on $ehalf of the donee should $e in a

pu$lic instrument form pursuant to Art. 1KR !1".

!$" #he fact that the donor is noti5ed of the acceptance $y donee thru hisagent and this is noted in the deed of donation or in the separatenotari?ed acceptance document, if any.

3. What is the (ega( e*e%t if !onation is a%%e"te! /y another 0ithot

athority from !onee?

A. Donation is void. No transmission of property to donee. Donor remains

as o-ner.

WHEN M-ST ACCEPTANCE BE MADE :

B

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Art( .5( A##eptan#e !6st e !a$e $6r%n= the l%&et%!e o& the

$onor an$ o& the $onee(

"eason for the law* Donation is personal $et-een donor and donee.

• Art. /> rule is applica$le to donation inter vivos only, and N3# to

donation mortis causa.

• hyH 'n donation 'ortis causa, acceptance $y donee is eectiveonly after death of donor . A donation mortis causa isrevoca$le anytime $y donor -hile alive.

1<

arts 735-749 donation

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