artificial knees veronica frattaroli november 29, 2011
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ARTIFICIAL KNEES
Veronica Frattaroli
November 29, 2011
WHAT DOES AN ARTIFICIAL KNEE ENTAIL?
Usually 3-4 parts: A cap for the femur A cap for the tibia A plastic spacer Sometimes a back for the patella
KNEE REPLACEMENT
Two types of knee replacement: Total knee replacement: more commonly used and for more severe
damage
Partial knee replacement: still in research but is sometimes used for less severe damage
USES
Used to fix many conditions and diseases: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Avascular necrosis Malalignment of the knee joint (knock-knees or bowlegs)
TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Advantages: Lasts up to 20 years Good relief of previous pain Good range of motion (0-120°)
Disadvantages: Stiffness Pain Loss of motion
PARTIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Advantages: Sometimes an outpatient procedure Can possibly stand with assistance within 2 hours of surgery
Disadvantages: Not as widely used
PROCEDURE
Vertical incision along the knee Distal femur is shaped, using a customized device, to properly
align the bone to the leg’s original angles Proximal tibia is also shaped, using a similar device as the
femur, to align the bone correctly If the patella is severely damaged, the undersurface is
removed Metal caps are attached to the appropriate bone using an
epoxy cement Then a plastic spacer is placed on top of the metal cap of the
tibia, made of polyethylene (can be replaced to prolong joint life)
PROCEDURE CONT.
RISKS
Blood clots Infection in the surgical wound or in the joint Nerve injury Problems with wound healing Lack of good range of motion Dislocation of patella Fracture of the patella Instability in the joint
FUTURE
Advances in diagnosis and management of osteoarthritis
Advances in robotics
Less invasive surgery
REFERENCES
"Knee Replacement Surgery." WebMD Arthritis and Joint Pain Center: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, and Treatments. Ed. Anne C. Poinier. 2005. Web. 26 Nov. 2011
What Is Knee Replacement?" EhealthMD. Ed. Guy Slowik. EhealthMD, 28 June 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.
"Total Knee Replacement." Meniscus Transplant and Biologic Knee Replacement to Avoid Knee Replacement by San Francisco Knee Specialist Kevin Stone MD. The Stone Clinic, 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.