ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEYour First Peep into the World of

authored by Jayant Jain

MENU1. Timeline2. What is Artificial Intelligence?3. Artificial Neurons4. Expert Systems5. Machine Learning6. The AI Effect7. Applications8.Two Sides Of Coin9. Summary10. References

TimelineAntiquity

• Thinking machines and artificial beings appear in Greek myths, • such as Talos of Crete, • the bronze robot of Hephaestus, • And Pygmalion's Galatea.

Antiquity 1956

• The term Artificial Intelligence was coined at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956.

• John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, became the leaders of AI research for many decades.

Timeline

TimelineAntiquity 1956 1997

• On 11 May 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer chess-

playing system to beat a reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.

TimelineAntiquity 1956 1997 2011

• In 2005, a Stanford robot won the DARPA Grand Challenge by driving autonomously for 131 miles along an unrehearsed desert trail.

• In February 2011, in Jeopardy! , IBM'sWatson, defeated the two greatest Jeopardy champions, Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.

What is Artificial Intelligence ?Intelligence =

the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills, i.e. to Learn and Act.

Artificial Intelligence = To make computers acquire and apply knowledge and skills,

i.e. to Learn and Act.

Artificial Neuron

Dendrites ->

Soma ->

Axon ->

<- Weighted Inputs

<- Summation Function

<- Output

Biological Neuron

Artificial Neuron

NEURALNETWORK

Expert Systems• an Expert System is a computer system that emulates the

decision - making ability of a human expert.• The Algorithms are represented primarily by IF-THEN rules rather

than through conventional procedural code.• An expert system is divided into two sub-systems:• Knowledge base - represents facts and rules. • Inference engine - applies the rules to the known facts to deduce

new facts.

Machine Learning• Making such algorithms for Computers, so that it can Learn

from Data.• Example - system could be trained on email messages to

learn to distinguish between spam and non-spam messages.

• Example - in which printed characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples.

The AI EffectThe AI effect occurs when onlookers discount the behavior of an artificial intelligence program by arguing that it is not real intelligence.

It’s NOT Intelligence!

Its just a PROGRAM! Do Some More!

"It's part of the history of the field of artificial intelligence that every time somebody figured out how to make a computer do something—play good checkers, solve simple but relatively informal problems—there was chorus of critics to say, 'that's not thinking‘.” Pamela McCorduck "Every time we figure out a piece of it, it stops being magical; we say, Oh, that's just a computation.“Rodney Brooks

ApplicationsCommunication

Health Care

Transportation

Engineering

Defense

Artificial Intelligence

Two Sides Of Coin

Can take on stressful and complex work that humans may struggle/can not do.Can complete task faster than a human can.To discover unexplored things. i.e. outer spaceLess errors and defectsFunction is infinite

Lacks the "human touch"Will take many Human’s jobs.Can malfunction and do the opposite of what they are programmed to do.Raises ethical concerns.May make generations machine dependent.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Summary

‘ Man makes machines’ unless this quote turns vice

versa, Artificial Intelligence has the potential to be

of great help to Mankind.

John McCarthy said, ‘Computers will one day become everyday Utility’. Artificial Intelligence is the step further and help to mankind.

According to Me, “Human have done wonders in the

past. And thus creating an Intelligence though Artificial

is not Impossible.”

References

• www.google.co.in• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence• www.sciencedaily.com/news/

computers_math/artificial_intelligence/• science.howstuffworks.com/• www.scientificamerican.com/topic/artificial-

intelligence/