What Is Artificial Intelligence???

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans.

A.I is the study of ideas that enable computers to be intelligent

Ways of thinking

• Two Ways:• Conventional artificial intelligence

• Computational Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

• AI is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better

• AI is a branch of computer science concerned with teaching computers to think

• The capability of a device to perform functions that are normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning and optimization through experience

• AI is the branch of computer science concerned with the study and creation of computer systems that exhibits some form of intelligence-– Learn new concepts and tasks– Can reason and draw useful conclusion– Can understand a natural language

History

• The evolution of A.I. Has come slowly over time with the progression of technology.

• A.I. Was only a philosophy before a conference at Dartmouth College

• John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon became the lead researchers

History

• MAVEN was created in 1987 to play Scrabble. No person has been able to win.

• 1992. Dr. Marion Tindley beat Chinook (A.I. Computer) in Checker’s 4-2 with 33 draws.

• 1997 Deep Blue plays the world’s best Chess player and wins.

Artificial Intelligence Systems

• There are four categories:• Systems that think like humans• Systems which act as humans• Systems that think rationally• Systems that act rationally (ideally)

How Does AI Works??Artificial intelligence works with the

help of

1> Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural Network)

And

2> Scientific theorems(If-Then Statements, Logics)

Artificial intelligence & Our society

Why we need AI??

To supplement natural intelligence for e.g. we are building intelligence in an object so that it can do what we want it to do, as for example-- robots, thus reducing human labour and reducing human mistakes .

• My Perspective

For Humans Intelligence is no more than TAKING a right decision at right time

And

For Machines Artificial Intelligence is no more than CHOOSING a right decision at

right time

I think Artificial intelligence is the Second intelligence ever to exist

Comparisons between human and computer intelligence :-

Artificial Difference Vs Human Intelligence

AI• AI, when given the information can be exact, every time with speed.

• AI are digital• AI uses byte-addressable memory.

• There is a appealing hardware/software distinction obscures in AI

• Processing and memory are performed by the different components.

• AI could do this if it was program to do so, but this would be counter-productive.

HI• When HI is given the same

information, it can not be as exact, and is slower.

• HI are analogue • The HI uses content-addressable

memory • No hardware/software distinction

can be made with respect to the brain or mind

• Processing and memory are performed by the same components in the brain

• Human intelligence can forget and lose information

Programming language used in A.I.:-

• Lisp • Python • Prolog • Java • C++

Methods used to create A.I.

Top-down Approach Bottom-up Approach

Types of A.I.

Strong A.I.

Non human like A.I.

Human like A.I.

Weak A.I.

Application of A.I.

Heavy Industries:- Finance:-

Computer Science:- Aviation:-

Application of A.I.

Advantages:-

Don’t need sleep

Easier copying

Save the time

Disadvantages:-

It will take long time to buildSmall amount of information Can’t provide a human feelNo emotional understanding

Most relevant inventions

• In 1964 Raphael Bertrand builds SIR.

• In 1973 Alain Colmenauer creates PROLOG.

• In 1997 Deep Blue beat Kasparov

• In 2009 therapeutic intelligence is being developed.

Projects:-

Deep Blue:- NASA System:-

Mathematical PEGASUS language:- theorem proving:-

Running Projects/Future Scope:-

Weather forecasting:- Military:-

DARPA Van:- Green Brain Bee:-

Conclusion:-

• A.I. is something that has been achieved only to a very limited degree and it remain a very difficult problem and a long term goal of computer science.

• Since we are having some limitation or disadvantages of A.I. but still there is a bright future of Artificial Intelligence.

Thank you