artificial intelligance
TRANSCRIPT
Contents : What is AI
History Of AI
Major Branches of AI
Expert System An AI Programe
Advantages of Expert System
SoftWares Used In AI
Summery
References
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO A.I.
History Of AI
EVOLUTION OF A.I.
BRANCHES OF A.I.
APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
CONCLUSIONS ON A.I.
What Is A.I. ?A.I. is a branch of computer science that studies the computational requirementsfor tasks such as perception, reasoning and learning and develop systems toperform those tasks
The field of Artificial intelligence strives to understand and build intelligent entities
A.I.
Strong A.I.M/C can think and
act like human
Weak A.I.Some thinking like features
can be added to M/C
DEFINIT IONS
* Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area ofcomputer science that emphasizes thecreation of intelligent machines that work andreact like humans
* AI works with pattern matching methods which attempt todescribe objects , events or processes in terms of theirqualitative features and logical and computationalRelationship.
History Of AIThe branch of computer science concerned with making
computers behave like humans.
This term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence .In May, 1997,an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion
Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
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Major Branches Of AI
Perceptive system A system that approximates the way a human sees, hears, and
feels objects
Vision system Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
Robotics Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks
with high precision
Expert system Stores knowledge and makes inferences
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Major Branches of AI (2) Learning system
Computer changes how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback
Natural language processing Computers understand and react to statements and commands
made in a “natural” language, such as English
Neural network Computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of
the human brain
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Schematic
OverView Of Expert System
Can… Explain their reasoning or suggested decisions
Display intelligent behavior
Draw conclusions from complex relationships
Provide portable knowledge
Expert system shell A collection of software packages and tools used to
develop expert systems
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Fxpert System
Expert systems :
Expert system is an artificial intelligence program that has expert-level knowledge about a particular domain and knows how to use its knowledge to respond properly
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Limitations of Expert Systems
Not widely used or tested
Limited to relatively narrow problems
Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge
Possibility of error
Cannot refine own knowledge base
Difficult to maintain
May have high development costs
Raise legal and ethical concerns
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Capabilities of Expert Systems
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Gfg Strategic goal setting
Decision making
Planning
Design
Quality control and monitoring
Explore impact of strategic goals
Impact of plans on resources
Integrate general design principles and manufacturing limitations
Provide advise on decisions
Monitor quality and assist in finding solutions
Look for causes and suggest solutionsDiagnosis
When to Use an Expert System
Provide a high potential payoff or significantly reduced downside risk
Capture and preserve irreplaceable human expertise
Provide expertise needed at a number of locations at the same time or in a hostile environment that is dangerous to human health
Provide expertise that is expensive or rare
Develop a solution faster than human experts can
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Components of anExpert System (1) Knowledge base
Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships used by the expert system
Inference engine Seeks information and relationships from the
knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions in the way a human expert would
Rule A conditional statement that links given conditions to
actions or outcomes
Components of anExpert System (2) Fuzzy logic
A specialty research area in computer science that allows shades of gray and does not require everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false
Backward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions and
works backward to the supporting facts
Forward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with the facts and
works forward to the conclusionsSchematic
Inferenceengine
Explanationfacility
Knowledgebase
acquisitionfacility
Userinterface
Knowledgebase
Experts User
Determining requirements
Identifying experts
Construct expert system components
Implementing results
Maintaining and reviewing system
Expert Systems Development
Domain• The area of knowledge
addressed by theexpert system.
Participants in Expert Systems Development and Use Domain expert
The individual or group whose expertise and knowledge is captured for use in an expert system
Knowledge user The individual or group who uses and benefits from the
expert system
Knowledge engineer Someone trained or experienced in the design,
development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Schematic
Expert Systems Development Alternatives
low
high
low high
Developmentcosts
Time to develop expert system
Useexistingpackage
Developfromshell
Developfrom
scratch
Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Credit granting Information management and retrieval AI and expert systems embedded in products Plant layout Hospitals and medical facilities Help desks and assistance Employee performance evaluation Loan analysis Virus detection Repair and maintenance Shipping Marketing Warehouse optimization
Advantages of Expert Systems Easy to develop and modify
The use of satisficing
The use of heuristics
Development by knowledge engineers and users
Cheaper
Fast response
Reduced dange
Artificial Intelligence Software HPCC Systems : Open-source enterprise-proven platform for
Big Data analysis
Weka : Machine learning software to solve data
mining problems
MOEA Framework : Open Source Java Framework for
Multiobjective Optimization
he RoboCup Soccer Simulator:
CLIPS Rule Based Programming Language : Expert System Tool
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Summery:Computers making decisions in real-world problems
Like Humains
This is the original idea from Turing and the well known Turing Test
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References: http://sourceforge.net/directory/science-
engineering/ai/os:windows/freshness:recently-updated/
https ://www.vanguardsw.com › Knowledge Automation System
https://www.google.com.pk/?gws_rd=cr&ei=_-MWVcn0D8TuaPmdgJgE#q=software+used+in+expert+system
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