Artificial blood ..a tool for new life

Presented by:-Jyoti Devendra Adala

What is artificial blood??Blood : viscous, alkaline, cellular fluid.

Artificial blood : substitute for red blood cells.

sole purpose is to carry oxygen to tissues and heart.

History• Karl Landsteiner : immunologist

and pathologist in the 1900s• He classified human blood into

four groups: A, B, AB, and O

• Medical practitioners tried substances like urine , beer, milk etc as a blood substitute.

• In 1854, patients were injected with milk to treat Asiatic cholera

Ringer’s Solution

• Created by the physiologist Sydney Ringer in 1882

• It is a saline solution • Contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and

NaHCO3• This solution resembles blood serum• Often used to culture animal cells

Ideal Characteristics of Artificial Blood

• Safe to use

• Compatible in the human body

• Able to transport and release oxygen

• Storable and durable for longer time periods

• Is free of pathogens and toxins

Types…

1) Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)2) Haemoglobin-based products

Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s)

• Derivatives of HC in which the H2 atoms are replaced by F2 atoms.

• Biologically inert materials • Can dissolve about 50 times

more O2 than blood plasma.

CONTINUED……

• Process of production: Water, salts, and phospholipids surfactant are

added, emulsified at high-pressure homogenization purified through high temperatures of steam.

• Common PFCs: Perfluorodecalin, Perflubron

Advantages 1) do not react with

oxygen.

2) easy oxygen transport .

3)increased oxygen solubility in plasma.

4)minimize the effects

of factors like pH and temperature.

Disadvantages 1)may causes flu-like symptoms.

2) unable to remain mixed as aqueous solutions.

3) PFCs absorb oxygen passively,

difficulty in breathing.

Haemoglobin - based products

• Hb carries O2 from the lungs to the other tissues in the body

• The challenge is to modify the Hb molecule

• This involves using recombinant DNA technology to produce modified proteins

Manufacturing process

1) Hb synthesisa) E-coli bacteria strainb) Seed tankc) Fermentationd) Isolation

2) Final processinga) Packagingb) Checking

• Merits

1) Availability .2) Shelf life.3) Inexpensive and works

rapidly.4) Works regardless of blood

type.5) Easy to store and transport.

• Demerits

1)disrupts certain physiological structures.

2)It releases free radicals into the body.

future

• Currently, there are several companies working of the production of a safe and effective artificial blood substitute.

• Scientists from IIT - Madras, claimed that they were able to generate a quadrillion amount of pure RBC’s from a million number of stem cells.

www.ncbi.n/m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2738310

http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everydayinnovations/artificialblood.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_substitute