Articulations = JointsPoint of contact bt/n boneand bone or bt/n cartilage and bone.

Classification of JointsDegree of Movement

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Tissues that unite

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Fibrous Joints: Synarthroses ���Sutures ���

The calvaria or brain case is made up of the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones. The joints between these bones are called the sutures.

Fibrous Joints: Synarthroses ���

Fibrous Joints – Amphiarthroses��� - Interosseous membranes ���

Fibrous Joints – Amphiarthroses��� - Interosseous membranes ���

Fibrous Joints – Amphiarthroses��� - Interosseous membranes ���

Fibrous Joints – Amphiarthroses��� - Interosseous membranes ���

Interosseus membranes – Fibrous/amphiarthroses

Cartilaginous Joints: AmphiarthrosesIntervertebral discs ���

Pubic symphysis ���

Intervertebral discs – Cartilaginous joints/amphiarthroses

Synchondrosis – - cartilaginous/synarthrosis - joint bt/n 1st rib and sternum

Synchondrosis – - cartilaginous/synarthrosis - epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal Plate

Diarthrosis/synovial – Hip Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial– Hip Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial– Knee Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial– Shoulder Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial – Elbow Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial – Elbow Joint

Diarthrosis/synovial– Knee Joint

Generic Synovial Joint

Accessory Ligament

SynovialMembrane

Fibrous Capsule

Articular Cartilage

Joint Cavity

Bursae

Shoulder Joint

I.  abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis II.  extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis III.  extensor pollicis longus IV.  extensor digitorum comunis (four tendons) and extensor indicis V.  extensor digiti minimi VI.  extensor carpi ulnaris

Tendon Sheaths of the Posterior Wrist

Tendon Sheaths of the Ankle

Synovial Joint – Hinge Type

Elbow JointHinge type

Knee JointHinge type

Synovial Joint – Pivot Type

Radioulnar joint

Atlantoaxial Jointpivot

Pivot

Synovial Joint – Ball-and-Socket Type

Glenohumeral joint

Glenohumeral jointBall-and-socket type

Hip jointBall-and-socket type

Knee – Modified hinge type

Quadriceps tendon

Medial collateral ligament

Patellar ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligamentAnterior cruciate ligament

Medial condyleLateral condyle

Quadriceps tendon

Patella

Patellar ligament

Medial condyleLateral condyle

Medial collateral ligamentLateral collateral ligament

Medial meniscusLateral meniscus

Quadriceps tendon

Patella

Patellar ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Suprapatellar bursa

Patellar bursa

Infrapatellar bursa

Femoral CondylesCruciate Ligaments

ACL

MCL

Medial meniscus

http://faculty.washington.edu/mtuggy/kneeinfo.htm

Telemark Skiing•  The combination of torsional

stress and valgus force (distal segment deviates laterally) on the knee results in the common MCL/ACL injury shown in the animated sequence here on the right.

•  This injury is commonly found when the skier catches the inner edge of a lightly weighted or non-weighted ski.

•  This can occur when the uphill ski, early in the initiation of a turn, in not weighted properly or is flat on the snow instead of being used to carve the early part of the turn.

Tissue-engineered scaffolding may help the body repair weakened knees and joints.

www.nibib1.nih.gov/ eAdvances/80204.htm

•  In only two weeks, cartilage—one of the most difficult tissues to repair—was regrown in a rabbit knee joint. The newly restored cartilage, stained dark purple on the right, was rebuilt using a new biomaterial that fosters cartilage growth. With further study, this biomaterial may one day help to repair cartilage damage due to injury.

Frostbite