articulations aka joints. articulations where two bones meet. (joint) where two bones meet. (joint)
TRANSCRIPT
ArticulationsArticulationsAKAAKA
JointsJoints
ArticulationsArticulations
Where two bones Where two bones meet. (Joint)meet. (Joint)
ReviewReview
LigamentsLigaments::Connect bone to boneConnect bone to boneTendonsTendonsConnect muscle to boneConnect muscle to bone
Two ways to CategorizeTwo ways to Categorize
Movement:Movement: Immovable, slightly moveable, freely Immovable, slightly moveable, freely
moveablemoveableTissue Type:Tissue Type:
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, SynovialFibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
Fibrous:Fibrous: Joint with Joint with
NO NO movement. movement. (sutures in (sutures in cranium)cranium)
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
CartilaginousCartilaginous: : Slightly Slightly moveable moveable joints. joints. (vertebrate)(vertebrate)
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
3. Synovial: 3. Synovial: Freely moveable Freely moveable (synovial joint) (synovial joint) includes a includes a capsule (bursa) capsule (bursa) that releases that releases synovial fluid for synovial fluid for lubrication. lubrication.
Types of Synovial Joints Based on Types of Synovial Joints Based on ShapeShape
Slide 5.52a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.29a–c
1. Ball and Socket1. Ball and Socket
2. Condyloid2. Condyloid
3. Gliding Joint3. Gliding Joint
4. Hinge Joint4. Hinge Joint
5. Pivot Joint5. Pivot Joint
6. Saddle Joint6. Saddle Joint
Types of Synovial Joints Based on Types of Synovial Joints Based on ShapeShape
Slide 5.52b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.29d–f
Arthroscopic SurgeryArthroscopic Surgery
TYPESTYPES
1. 1. HingeHinge: Knee and elbow: Knee and elbow2. 2. Ball and SocketBall and Socket: ‘most : ‘most
moveable’ shoulder, hip.moveable’ shoulder, hip.3. 3. PivotPivot: head, radius, ulna: head, radius, ulna4. 4. GlidingGliding: Carpals: Carpals
Actions:Actions:
Look in your text books Look in your text books starting on page 157 and write starting on page 157 and write a brief explanation of the a brief explanation of the following actions:following actions:
Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction.Abduction, Adduction.
Hormones:Hormones:
PTHPTHSex HormonesSex HormonesCalcitoninCalcitoninHuman Growth HormoneHuman Growth Hormone
PTHPTH
Released by:Released by:ParathyroidParathyroid
Response:Response:Bones release Bones release
calcium into the calcium into the blood stream.blood stream.
CalcitoninCalcitonin
Released by:Released by:ThyroidThyroid
Response:Response:Inhibits Inhibits
osteoclast osteoclast activityactivity
HGHHGH
Released by:Released by:Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
Response:Response:Increases Calcium Increases Calcium
retention in bones retention in bones and mineralizationand mineralization
Sex HormonesSex Hormones
Estrogen and Testosterone:Estrogen and Testosterone:Secreted by:Secreted by:
Testes, OvariesTestes, Ovaries
Response:Response: Increase bone density and maturation.Increase bone density and maturation.